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2. Hydrographic basins dictate the genetic structure of the paradoxical frog Pseudis bolbodactyla (Anura: Hylidae) in the rivers of Central Brazil.

Author

Santana, Diego J, Myers, Edward A, Fonseca, Emanuel M, Gehara, Marcelo, Oliveira, Eliana F, Bonatto, Sandro L, Burbrink, Frank T, and Garda, Adrian A

Subjects
POPULATION genetics, GENETIC variation, GENE flow, FRESHWATER organisms, HYLIDAE
Abstract

Rivers are prominent landscape features, acting as key promoters of diversification among freshwater organisms. Albeit generally considered potential barriers to species movement, they may also facilitate gene flow and structure populations of semiaquatic species (Riverine Thruway Hypothesis, RTH). We evaluated the role of rivers on the processes responsible for current genetic variation in the semiaquatic frog Pseudis bolbodactyla, testing whether each hydrographic basin harbours distinct genetic lineages. We sequenced three markers on 166 samples from 13 localities along the Paraná (PR), Araguaia–Tocantins (AT), and São Francisco (SF) River basins in Brazil. We recovered three populations geographically matching each hydrographic basin. Our results indicate migration among basins, with the best model selected using approximate Bayesian computation, including migration between AT and SF and ancient gene flow from PR to the AT–SF ancestor. Our findings are likely related to the orogenic events in Central Brazil dating to the Late Miocene (5 Mya), when hydrographic basins and the geomorphological features of the Brazilian Shield were formed. This suggests that P. bolbodactyla probably represents a species complex, with each lineage occurring in a distinct hydrographic basin, matching the predictions of the RTH. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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5. Taxonomic Review of South American Butter Frogs : Phylogeny, Geographic Patterns, and Species Delimitation in the Leptodactylus latrans Species Group (Anura: Leptodactylidae)

Author

De M. Magalhães, Felipe, Lyra, Mariana L., De Carvalho, Thiago R., Baldo, Diego, Brusquetti, Francisco, Burella, Pamela, Colli, Guarino R., Gehara, Marcelo C., Giaretta, Ariovaldo A., Haddad, Célio F. B., Langone, José A., López, Javier A., Napoli, Marcelo F., Santana, Diego J., De Sá, Rafael O., and Garda, Adrian A.

Published
2020

8. Geoclimatic drivers of diversification in the largest arid and semi‐arid environment of the Neotropics: Perspectives from phylogeography.

Author

Guillory, Wilson X., de Medeiros Magalhães, Felipe, Coelho, Felipe Eduardo Alves, Bonatelli, Isabel A. S., Palma‐Silva, Clarisse, Moraes, Evandro M., Garda, Adrian Antonio, Burbrink, Frank T., and Gehara, Marcelo

Subjects
PHYLOGEOGRAPHY, CLIMATE change, GEOGRAPHY, NEOGENE Period, PLEISTOCENE Epoch, BIOTIC communities, MIOCENE Epoch
Abstract

Copyright of Molecular Ecology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Published
2024
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11. Variability in anuran advertisement call: a multi-level study with 15 species of monkey tree frogs (Anura, Phyllomedusidae)

Author

Röhr, David L., Camurugi, Felipe, Paterno, Gustavo B., Gehara, Marcelo, Juncá, Flora A., Álvares, Guilherme F.R., Brandão, Reuber A., and Garda, Adrian A.

Subjects
Amphibians -- Analysis, Advertising -- Analysis, Frogs -- Analysis, Phylogeny -- Analysis, Zoology and wildlife conservation
Abstract

Understanding the variability of acoustic signals is a first important step for the comprehension of the evolutionary processes that led to current diversity. Herein, we evaluate the variability of the advertisement call of the phyllomedusid species from the genera Phyllomedusa Wagler, 1830 and Pithecopus Cope, 1866 at different levels: intra-individual, intra-population, inter-population, intra-species, and inter-specific. An analysis of coefficients of variation showed a continuum of variability between the acoustic parameters analyzed, from static to highly dynamic. The majority of the variation was attributed to the inter-specific level, while call parameters at the intra-individual level varied the least. However, each parameter behaved differently with call interval being the most variable across all levels. Most temporal acoustic parameters were affected by environmental temperature, while pulse rate and dominant frequency were strongly influenced by body size. Only pulse rate was correlated to the geographic distance between populations, while all parameters presented a significant phylogenetic signal. Based on these results, we discuss the possible importance of different evolutionary forces and the usage of vocalizations for taxonomic purposes. Key words: acoustic communication, evolution, Pithecopus, Phyllomedusa, phylogenetic signal, trait diversification, variation. La compréhension de la variabilité des signaux acoustiques est une première étape importante pour comprendre les processus évolutifs qui ont mené à la diversité actuelle. Nous évaluons la variabilité des chants d'appel des espèces de phyllomédusidés des genres Phyllomedusa Wagler, 1830 et Pithecopus Cope, 1866 aux différentes échelles suivantes : chez un même individu, au sein de la population, entre populations, au sein de l'espèce et entre espèces. Une analyse des coefficients de variation montre un continuum de variabilité entre les paramètres acoustiques analysés, qui vont de statiques à hautement dynamiques. La majeure partie de la variation est attribuée à l'échelle interspécifique, alors que les paramètres du chant pour un même individu présentent la plus faible variation. Tous les paramètres se comportent toutefois différemment, l'intervalle entre les chants étant le paramètre le plus variable à toutes les échelles. La température ambiante influence la plupart des paramètres acoustiques temporels, alors que la taille du corps influence fortement le rythme des impulsions et la fréquence dominante. Seul le rythme des impulsions est corrélé à la distance géographique entre populations, alors que tous les paramètres présentent un signal phylogénétique significatif. À la lumière de ces résultats, nous discutons de l'importance possible de différentes forces évolutives et de l'utilisation de vocalisations à des fins taxonomiques. [Traduit par la Rédaction] Mots-clés : communication acoustique, évolution, Pithecopus, Phyllomedusa, signal phylonétique, diversification des caractères, variation., Introduction Understanding variability is fundamental for the comprehension of evolution (Hallgrimsson and Hall 2011). Darwin's observations on phenotypic variation were the basis for the development of the concept of natural [...]

Published
2020
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28. Ecological Divergence and the History of Gene Flow in the Nearctic Milksnakes (Lampropeltis triangulum Complex).

Author

Burbrink, Frank T, Bernstein, Justin M, Kuhn, Arianna, Gehara, Marcelo, and Ruane, Sara

Subjects
HYBRID zones, GENE flow, VICARIANCE, ARTIFICIAL neural networks, SPECIES diversity, GENETIC speciation, MITOCHONDRIAL DNA, ECOLOGICAL niche
Abstract

Many phylogeographic studies on species with large ranges have found genetic–geographic structure associated with changes in habitat and physical barriers preventing or reducing gene flow. These interactions with geographic space, contemporary and historical climate, and biogeographic barriers have complex effects on contemporary population genetic structure and processes of speciation. While allopatric speciation at biogeographic barriers is considered the primary mechanism for generating species, more recently it has been shown that parapatric modes of divergence may be equally or even more common. With genomic data and better modeling capabilities, we can more clearly define causes of speciation in relation to biogeography and migration between lineages, the location of hybrid zones with respect to the ecology of parental lineages, and differential introgression of genes between taxa. Here, we examine the origins of three Nearctic milksnakes (Lampropeltis elapsoides , Lampropeltis triangulum and Lampropeltis gentilis) using genome-scale data to better understand species diversification. Results from artificial neural networks show that a mix of a strong biogeographic barrier, environmental changes, and physical space has affected genetic structure in these taxa. These results underscore conspicuous environmental changes that occur as the sister taxa L. triangulum and L. gentilis diverged near the Great Plains into the forested regions of the Eastern Nearctic. This area has been recognized as a region for turnover for many vertebrate species, but as we show here the contemporary boundary does not isolate these sister species. These two species likely formed in the mid-Pleistocene and have remained partially reproductively isolated over much of this time, showing differential introgression of loci. We also demonstrate that when L. triangulum and L. gentilis are each in contact with the much older L. elapsoides , some limited gene flow has occurred. Given the strong agreement between nuclear and mtDNA genomes, along with estimates of ecological niche, we suggest that all three lineages should continue to be recognized as unique species. Furthermore, this work emphasizes the importance of considering complex modes of divergence and differential allelic introgression over a complex landscape when testing mechanisms of speciation. [Cline; delimitation; Eastern Nearctic; Great Plains; hybrids; introgression; speciation.] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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30. Isolation by environment and recurrent gene flow shaped the evolutionary history of a continentally distributed Neotropical treefrog

Author

Camurugi, Felipe, primary, Gehara, Marcelo, additional, Fonseca, Emanuel M., additional, Zamudio, Kelly R., additional, Haddad, Célio F.B., additional, Colli, Guarino R., additional, Thomé, Maria Tereza C., additional, Prado, Cynthia P.A., additional, Napoli, Marcelo F., additional, and Garda, Adrian A., additional

Published
2020
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31. Taxonomic Review of South American Butter Frogs: Phylogeny, Geographic Patterns, and Species Delimitation in the Leptodactylus latrans Species Group (Anura: Leptodactylidae)

Author

Magalhães, Felipe de M., primary, Lyra, Mariana L., additional, de Carvalho, Thiago R., additional, Baldo, Diego, additional, Brusquetti, Francisco, additional, Burella, Pamela, additional, Colli, Guarino R., additional, Gehara, Marcelo C., additional, Giaretta, Ariovaldo A., additional, Haddad, Célio F.B., additional, Langone, José A., additional, López, Javier A., additional, Napoli, Marcelo F., additional, Santana, Diego J., additional, de Sá, Rafael O., additional, and Garda, Adrian A., additional

Published
2020
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36. Comparative and predictive phylogeography in the South American diagonal of open formations: Unravelling the biological and environmental influences on multitaxon demography.

Author

Bonatelli, Isabel A. S., Gehara, Marcelo, Carstens, Bryan C., Colli, Guarino R., and Moraes, Evandro M.

Subjects
*PHYLOGEOGRAPHY, *CLIMATE change, *PLEISTOCENE Epoch, *ANIMAL species, *GLACIATION, *DEMOGRAPHY
Abstract

Phylogeography investigates historical drivers of the geographical distribution of intraspecific lineages. Particular attention has been given to ecological, climatic and geological processes in the diversification of the Neotropical biota. Several species sampled across the South American diagonal of open formations (DOF), comprising the Caatinga, Cerrado and Chaco biomes, experienced range shifts coincident with Quaternary climatic changes. However, comparative studies across different spatial, temporal and biological scales on DOF species are still meagre. Here, we combine phylogeographical model selection and machine learning predictive frameworks to investigate the influence of Pleistocene climatic changes on several plant and animal species from the DOF. We assembled mitochondrial/chloroplastic DNA sequences in public repositories and inferred the demographic responses of 44 species, comprising 70 intraspecific lineages of plants, lizards, frogs, spiders and insects. We then built a random forest model using biotic and abiotic information to identify the best predictors of demographic responses in the Pleistocene. Finally, we assessed the temporal synchrony of species demographic responses with hierarchical approximate Bayesian computation. Biotic variables related to population connectivity, gene flow and habitat preferences largely predicted how species responded to Pleistocene climatic changes, and demographic changes were synchronous primarily during the Middle Pleistocene. Although 22 (~31%) lineages underwent demographic expansion, presumably associated with the spread of aridity during the glacial Pleistocene periods, our findings suggest that nine lineages (~13%) exhibited the opposite response due to taxon‐specific attributes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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37. The Corrected Taxonomic History of the North American Ratsnakes (Pantherophis obsoletus Complex).

Author

BURBRINK, FRANK T., PYRON, R. ALEXANDER, GEHARA, MARCELO, McKELVY, ALEXANDER D., and MYERS, EDWARD A.

Subjects
HYBRID zones, BIOLOGICAL classification, UNITED States history, SCIENTIFIC literature, BIOLOGICAL evolution, SQUAMATA
Abstract

The article discusses the corrected taxonomic history of the North American ratsnakes (Pantherophis obsoletus Complex). It mentions that differential isolation across the genomes of geographic lineages is possible, with some chromosomal regions showing low levels of introgression and others showing considerable admixture. It states that differential level of migration among loci is expected under a process of speciation with ecological adaptation via natural selection.

Published
2021

42. Pelodytes ibericus Sanchez-Herraiz, Barbadillo, Machordom 2000

Author

D��az-Rodr��guez, Jes��s, Gehara, Marcelo, M��rquez, Rafael, Vences, Miguel, Gon��alves, Helena, Sequeira, Fernando, Mart��nez-Solano, I��igo, and Tejedo, Miguel

Subjects
Amphibia, Pelodytes ibericus, Animalia, Biodiversity, Anura, Pelodytidae, Chordata, Pelodytes, Taxonomy
Abstract

Pelodytes ibericus S��nchez-Herr��iz, Barbadillo, Machordom, and Sanchiz, 2000 Iberian Parsley Frog (Fig. 10) Identity and morphology. This species was described and diagnosed from P. punctatus (including populations that we here consider as P. hespericus sp. nov.) based on morphometric, osteological and genetic (allozyme and mtDNA) differences by S��nchez-Herr��iz et al. (2000). Its name-bearing type (holotype) is MNCN 23662 from "Do��ana Biological Reserve (36 59��� N, 6 27��� W, elevation 10 m), Province of Huelva (Spain) (S��nchez-Herr��iz et al. 2000; Frost 2015). This locality is well within the range of genetic lineage B (localities 50 and 52 in D��az- Rodr��guez et al. 2015, with specimens genotyped) and therefore assignment of this lineage to the nomen P. ibericus is straightforward. Pelodytes ibericus is smaller than P. hespericus sp. nov. and P. punctatus, with a mean SVL of 31.2 (maximum SVL 37.2 mm) in males, and 33.3 mm (42.2 mm) in females (see Table 3). Average weight is 3.5 g in males and 4.9 g in females. The species is somewhat similar morphologically to P. atlanticus sp. nov., but most specimens have shorter limbs (Fig. 6) and an overall more compact body. Numerous differences in osteology have been detected by S��nchez-Herr��iz et al. (2000) and Sanchiz et al. (2002), especially in the cranium, including a less elongated tectum nasi, larger scapular crista anterior, shorter parahyoid bone, and frontoparietals medially more widely separated in P. ibericus than in P. punctatus. The proximal subarticular tubercles of P. ibericus have been described as irregular and protruding conically, whereas in P. hespericus sp. nov. they are often more rounded (S��nchez- Herr��iz et al. 2000) but the variation of this character requires more careful study. Quite often P. ibericus has dorsally two crossed pale bands forming an X-shaped pattern. Distribution. The distribution range comprises a large area in the Southern Iberian Peninsula: from southeastern (Beja, Faro and Set��bal) to central provinces (��vora and Portalegre) of Portugal (Pargana et al. 2003; Crespo et al. 2008; van de Vliet et al. 2012), and in Spain, from northern Extremadura (Badajoz) (Palomo 1993; Da Silva 1994; Avil��s et al. 1999; Mu��oz del Viejo et al. 2005) and southern Castilla-La Mancha (Ciudad Real) (Ayll��n et al. 2003; S��nchez-Herr��iz 2004; D��az-Rodr��guez et al. 2015) to Andaluc��a. In this region, where 90% of its global distribution occurs, it is widely spread across the provinces of Huelva and C��diz but rare in the east (Busack 1977; Fern��ndez-Cardenete et al. 2000; Ceacero et al. 2007). Recent studies have outlined more precisely the distribution based on molecular markers (van de Vliet et al. 2012; D��az-Rodr��guez et al. 2015). The exact range limits are still partly unknown and new detailed molecular analyses of contact zones with other lineages are ongoing (D��az-Rodr��guez 2016). Natural history. Notes on the natural and life history of this species have been provided by D��az-Paniagua (1983, 1986, 1989, 1990), Tejedo (1991), Avil��s et al. (1999), Barbadillo et al. (1999), S��nchez-Herr��iz (2004), D��az-Paniagua et al. (2005), and Reques (2014). Pelodytes ibericus reproduces in ephemeral water bodies, mainly temporary streams and seasonal ponds located around agricultural crops, grassland, scrub and oak from Mediterranean savanna. It tolerates some salinity, even at the larval stage, reproducing sometimes in salty coastal wetlands and inland brackish water lagoons (Reques & Tejedo 2014). It tolerates a variety of substrates (siliceous, clay and calcareous). Phenological changes occur in dry years (D��az-Paniagua 1989; S��nchez-Herr��iz 2004). Breeding starts early in the season, avoiding interspecific competition (D��az Paniagua 1988), often during autumn rains (October ��� November) in southern Portugal and Western Andalusia (Busack & Jaksic 1982; D��az-Paniagua & Rivas 1987; Gonz��lez de la Vega 1988; S��nchez-Herr��iz 2004; Reques 2014), and sometimes extends to March at higher latitudes (Badajoz: Avil��s et al. 1999) and altitudes (Sierra de Cabra: Reques & Tejedo 1991; Sierra Morena: Reques 2000). Sexual maturity is reached at an age of one year (S��nchez-Herr��iz 2004) and the maximum age is around six years (Reques 2014). The species is threatened by fragmentation and destruction of breeding habitat (van de Vliet et al. 2012), groundwater overexploitation and water pollution (Salvador & Garc��a-Par��s 2001; Barbadillo 2002a; Garc��a-Mu��oz et al. 2011) and predation by introduced species (Ceacero et al. 2007; Bosch et al. 2009; Nunes et al. 2014). Its IUCN threat status is Least Concern (Bosch et al. 2009) but a careful reassessment of its situation might be needed (Franco & Rodr��guez de los Santos 2001; Pleguezuelos et al. 2002; Barbadillo 2002b; Reques et al. 2006). Advertisement call and reproductive behavior. The advertisement call of P. ibericus was studied by Paillette et al. (1992), M��rquez et al. (2001), S��nchez-Herr��iz (2004), Pargana et al. (2003), and D��az-Paniagua et al. (2005). It is similar to that of other western Pelodytes lineages, consisting of two notes (A and B) with typically a series of various B notes following one A (Fig. 7). Each note has pulses distinctly spaced in the beginning and more concentrated towards the end; the pulsed part is relatively longer in the B note (Paillete et al. 1992; Pargana 1998; Sanchez-Herr��iz 2004). Calling specimens are in or near the water, but they do not emit their vocalizations fully submerged. Reproductive activity takes place before and after sunset, mostly during rainy days accompanied by slight increases of environmental temperature, although they can also exhibit diurnal activity on rainy days (Avil��s et al. 1999; Barbadillo et al. 1999). Tadpole. We assessed morphological characters in one tadpole in developmental stage 36 (field number ZCMV 14041, collected at Grazalema, C��diz, BL 25.5 mm, TL 48.7 mm). The external morphology of this tadpole and two other specimens has a close similarity to those of P. punctatus except that the upper third row of keratodont has a very tiny gap only or it is even absent, giving LTRF 4(2���4)/5(1���3) or 4(3���4)/5(1���3) and 5(3���5)/5(1���3) or 5(3���5)/5(1���3) (Fig. 9a). Larvae have an omnivorous diet composed of algae, mainly Euchlorophyta and Chrysophyta, aquatic plants, fungi, arthropods and small debris (D��az-Paniagua 1989; D��az-Paniagua et al. 2005). Tadpoles of P. ibericus also predate upon embryos of other anurans (such as Epidalea calamita; Tejedo 1991)., Published as part of D��az-Rodr��guez, Jes��s, Gehara, Marcelo, M��rquez, Rafael, Vences, Miguel, Gon��alves, Helena, Sequeira, Fernando, Mart��nez-Solano, I��igo & Tejedo, Miguel, 2017, Integration of molecular, bioacoustical and morphological data reveals two new cryptic species of Pelodytes (Anura, Pelodytidae) from the Iberian Peninsula, pp. 1-41 in Zootaxa 4243 (1) on pages 23-25, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4243.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/398686, {"references":["Sanchez-Herraiz, M. J., Barbadillo, L., Machordom, A. & Sanchiz, B. (2000) A new species of pelodytid frog from the Iberian Peninsula. Herpetologica, 56, 105 - 118.","Frost, D. R. (2015) Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0. American Museum of Natural History, New York. Electronic Database accessible. Available from: http: // research. amnh. org / herpetology / amphibia / index. html (accessed 1 November 2015)","MacLeod, A., Rodriguez, A., Vences, M., Orozco-terWengel, P., Garcia, C., Trillmich, F., Gentile, G., Caccone, A., Quezada, G. & Steinfartz, S. (2015) Hybridization masks speciation in the evolutionary history of the Galapagos marine iguana. Proceedings of the Royal Society B, 282, 20150425.","Sanchiz, B., Tejedo, M. & Sanchez-Herraiz, M. J. (2002) Osteological differentiation among Iberian Pelodytes (Anura, Pelodytidae). Graellsia, 58, 35 - 68.","Pargana, J. M., Marquez, R., Reques, R., Sanchez-Herraiz, M. J., Tejedo, M. & Crespo, E. G., (2003) The mating call of Pelodytes ibericus (Anura, Pelodytidae). Herpetological Journal, 13, 199 - 204.","Crespo, E. G., Marquez, R., Pargana, J. & Tejedo, M. (2008) Pelodytes spp. Bonaparte, 1838. In: Loureiro, A., Ferrand de Almeida, N., Carretero, M. A. & Paulo, O. S. (Eds.), Atlas dos Anfibios e Repteis de Portugal. Instituto da Conservacao da Natureza e da Biodiversidade, Lisboa, pp. 112 - 115.","van de Vliet, M. S., Beebee, T. J. & Diekmann, O. E. (2012) Genetic evidence for a distinct Pelodytes lineage in southwest Portugal: implications for the use of pre-developed microsatellite markers. Conservation Genetics, 13, 605 - 611. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10592 - 011 - 0299 - 5","Palomo, J. A. (1993) Atlas provisional de los anfibios y reptiles de Extremadura. Aegypius, 11, 7 - 20.","Da Silva, E. (1994) Contribucion al Atlas herpetologico de la provincia de Badajoz I. Anfibios. Revista Espanola de Herpetologia, 8, 87 - 94.","Aviles, J. M., Parejo, D. & Lavado, F. (1999) Analisis mediante escuchas de la distribucion de Pelodytes punctatus en la provincia de Badajoz. Boletin de la Asociacion Herpetologica Espanola, 10, 14 - 16.","Ayllon, E., Bustamante, P., Cabrera, F., Flox, L., Galindo, A. J., Gosalvez, R. U., Hernandez, J. M., Morales, M., Torralvo, C. & Zamora, F. (2003) Preliminary distribution atlas of the amphibians and reptiles of Ciudad Real province (Castilla-La Mancha, Spain). Zoologica Baetica, 13 / 14, 155 - 202.","Diaz-Rodriguez, J., Goncalves, H., Sequeira, F., Sousa-Neves, T., Tejedo, M., Ferrand, N. & Martinez-Solano, I. (2015) Molecular evidence for cryptic candidate species in Iberian Pelodytes (Anura, Pelodytidae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 83, 224 - 241.","Busack, S. D. (1977) Zoogeography of amphibians and reptiles in Cadiz province, Spain. Annals of the Carnegie Museum, 46, 285 - 316.","Fernandez-Cardenete, J. R., Luzon-Ortega, J. M., Perez-Contreras, J. & Tierno de Figueroa, J. M. (2000) Revision de la distribucion y conservacion de los anfibios y reptiles en la provincia de Granada (Espana). Zoologica Baetica, 11, 77 - 104.","Ceacero, F., Garcia-Munoz, E., Pedrajas, L., Hidalgo, A. & Guerrero, F. (2007) Actualizacion herpetologica de la provincia de Jaen. In: Gos, A., Egana-Callejo, A. & Rubio, X. (Eds.), Herpetologia iberiarraren egoera = Estado actual da Herpetologia Iberica = Estado actual de la Herpetologia Iberica: Lehen Herpetologia Kongressua Euskal Herrian, IX Congresso Luso-Espanhol, XIII Congreso Espanol de Herpetologia. Munibe. Suplemento. Fol. 25. Aranzadi Zientzi Elkartea, Donostia, pp. 130 - 139.","Diaz-Rodriguez, J. (2016) Historia evolutiva de los sapillos moteados (Pelodytes spp.) en la Peninsula Iberica. Filogenia, filogeografia y patrones de genetica de poblaciones inferidos a partir de la variacion en el ADN mitocondrial, nuclear y microsatelites. Tesis doctoral, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, 195 pp.","Diaz-Paniagua, C. (1983) Influencia de las caracteristicas del medio acuatico sobre las poblaciones de larvas de anfibios en la Reserva Biologica de Donana (Huelva, Espana). Donana, Acta Fertebrata, 10, 41 - 53.","Diaz-Paniagua, C. (1986) Reproductive period of amphibians in the Biological Reserve of Donana (SW Spain). In: Rocek, Z. (Ed.), Studies in herpetology. Charles University, Prague, pp. 429 - 432.","Diaz-Paniagua, C. (1989) Larval diets of two anuran species, Pelodytes punctatus and Bufo bufo, in SW Spain. Amphibia- Reptilia, 10, 71 - 75.","Diaz-Paniagua, C. (1990) Temporary ponds as breeding sites of amphibians at a locality in Southwestern Spain. Herpetological Journal, 11, 447 - 453.","Barbadillo, L. J., Lacomba, J. I., Perez-Mellado, V., Sancho, V. & Lopez-Jurado, L. F. (1999) Anfibios y reptiles de la Peninsula Iberica, Baleares y Canarias. Editorial GeoPlaneta, Barcelona, 419 pp.","Diaz-Paniagua, C., Gomez-Rodriguez, C., Portheault, A. & de Vries, W. (2005) Los anfibios de Donana. Organismo Autonomo Parques Nacionales, Madrid, 181 pp.","Reques, R. & Tejedo, M. (2014) Los Anfibios de los Humedales del Sur de Cordoba. In: De la Cruz, J. (Coord.), Humedales cordobeses: 30 anos de proteccion. Consejeria de Medio Ambiente y Ordenacion del Territorio, Junta de Andalucia, Sevilla, pp. 159 - 164","Diaz-Paniagua, C. (1988) Temporal segregation in larval amphibian communities in temporal ponds at a locality in SW Spain. Amphibia-Reptilia, 9, 15 - 26.","Busack, S. D. & Jaksic, F. M. (1982) Ecological and historical correlates of Iberian herpetofaunal diversity: an analysis at regional and local levels. Journal of Biogeography, 9, 289 - 302.","Diaz-Paniagua, C. & Rivas C. R. (1987) Datos sobre actividad de anfibios y pequenos reptiles de Donana (Huelva, Espana). Mediterranea. Serie de Estudios Biologicos, 9, 15 - 27.","Reques, R. & Tejedo, M, (1991) Dinamica y habitats reproductivos de una comunidad de Anfibios en la Sierra de Cabra. Revista Espanola de Herpetologia, 6, 49 - 54.","Reques, R. (2000) Anfibios, Ecologia y Conservacion. Serie Recursos Naturales de Cordoba. Diputacion de Cordoba, Delegacion de Medio Ambiente y Proteccion Civil, Cordoba, 140 pp.","Salvador, A. & Garcia-Paris, M. (2001) Anfibios Espanoles. Identificacion, Historia natural y Distribucion. Canseco Editores, Talavera de la Reina, 269 pp.","Barbadillo, L. J. (2002 a) Pelodytes ibericus. In: Pleguezuelos, J. M., Marquez, R. & Lizana, M. (Eds.), Atlas y Libro Rojo de los Anfibios y Reptiles de Espana. Direccion General de Conservacion de la Naturaleza, Madrid, pp. 97 - 99.","Garcia-Munoz, E., Guerrero, F., Bicho, R. C. & Parra, G. (2011) Effects of ammonium nitrate on larval survival and growth of four Iberian amphibians. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 87, 16 - 20. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 00128 - 011 - 0289 - 9","Bosch, J., Tejedo, M., Lizana, M., Beja, P., Martinez-Solano, I., Salvador, A., Garcia-Paris, M., Recuero Gil, E., Marquez, R., Diaz-Paniagua, C. & Perez-Mellado, V. (2009) Pelodytes ibericus. In: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species e. T 58055 A 11724130. Fersion 2015 - 3. Available from: http: // www. iucnredlist. org (accessed 1 November 2015)","Nunes, A. L., Orizaola, G., Laurila, A. & Rebelo, R. (2014) Morphological and life-history responses of anurans to predation by an invasive crayfish: an integrative approach. Ecology and Evolution, 4, 1491 - 1503.","Pleguezuelos, J. M., Marquez, R. & Lizana, M. (Eds.) (2002) Atlas y Libro Rojo de los Anfibios y Reptiles de Espana. Direccion General de Conservacion de la Naturaleza- Asociacion Herpetologica Espanola, Madrid, 587 pp.","Barbadillo, L. J. (2002 b) Pelodytes punctatus. In: Pleguezuelos, J. M., Marquez, R. & Lizana, M. (Eds.), Atlas y Libro Rojo de los Anfibios y Reptiles de Espana. Direccion General de Conservacion de la Naturaleza, Madrid, pp. 100 - 102.","Reques, R., Caro, J. & Pleguezuelos, J. M. (2006) Parajes importantes para la conservacion de anfibios y reptiles en Espana. Folumen I y II. Consejeria de Medio Ambiente. Junta de Andalucia, Sevilla, 572 pp.","Paillette, M., Oliveira, M. E., Rosa, H. D. & Crespo, E. G. (1992) Is there a dialect in Pelodytes punctatus from southern Portugal? Amphibia-Reptilia, 13, 97 - 108.","Marquez, R., Pargana, J. M. & Crespo, E. G. (2001) Acoustic competition in male Pelodytes ibericus. Interactive playback tests. Copeia, 2001, 1142 - 1150.","Pargana, J. M. (1998) Caracteristicas espectrais e temporais e correlacoes geneticas do canto de acasalamento de Pelodytes punctatus (Amphibia, Anura). Masters Thesis, Departamento de Biofisica, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, 163 pp."]}

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2017
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43. Pelodytes hespericus Díaz-Rodríguez, Gehara, Márquez, Vences, Gonçalves, Sequeira, Martínez-Solano & Tejedo, 2017, sp. nov

Author

Díaz-Rodríguez, Jesús, Gehara, Marcelo, Márquez, Rafael, Vences, Miguel, Gonçalves, Helena, Sequeira, Fernando, Martínez-Solano, Iñigo, and Tejedo, Miguel

Subjects
Amphibia, Pelodytes hespericus, Animalia, Biodiversity, Anura, Pelodytidae, Chordata, Pelodytes, Taxonomy
Abstract

Pelodytes hespericus sp. nov. (Fig. 12) Identity and diagnosis. Populations of this species have been considered as P. punctatus by Sánchez-Herráiz et al. (2000), and as lineage C by Díaz-Rodríguez et al. (2015). Assigned to the genus Pelodytes based on high morphological similarity to P. punctatus, the type species of the genus; vertical pupil; network of dark lines in the skin of tadpoles; tadpoles with sinistral spiraculum; and molecular phylogenetic relationships. Of similar size as P. punctatus; mean SVL 35.3 mm (maximum 39.0 mm) in males, 39.8 mm (43.3 mm) in females. Morphologically similar to the other three western Pelodytes species, but distinguished from all of them by no repetitions of B notes in advertisement calls according to the recordings analyzed herein (Fig. 7), from P. ibericus by longer limbs and larger body size, and from P. atlanticus sp. nov. by larger body size (Fig. 6; Table 3). Furthermore, it is distinguished from all other Pelodytes species by concordant differences in mtDNA and nDNA sequences. Holotype. EBD 34505 (JDR 2012-1), adult male collected by Jesús Díaz-Rodríguez on 9 April 2012 at Artunido (Casas de Carrasco), Sierra de Segura, Jaén province, Spain. Geo. coord: 38.119349, -2.691951. Paratypes. EBD 34506 (JDR 2012-2), adult male, and EBD 34507 (JDR 2012-3), adult female, collected on 8 April 2012 by same collector and at same locality as holotype. Individuals deposited in Doñana Biological Station with numbers EBD 28169, 28170, 28171, 28172, 28173, 28174, 28175 collected from Soria; EBD 20440 collected from Huesca, EBD 33728 and EBD 26828 collected from Almería; and specimens deposited in National Museum of Natural Sciences with the numbers MNCN 667, MNCN 669, MNCN 670, MNCN 672, MNCN 673, MNCN 684, MNCN 686, MNCN 2720, MNCN 2721, MNCN 2722, MNCN 2723, MNCN 2724, MNCN 2725 collected from Valencia; MNCN 689 collected from Ciempozuelos (Madrid); MNCN 25023, MNCN 25024, MNCN 25025, MNCN 25026, MNCN 25027, MNCN 25028, MNCN 25029, MNCN 25032, MNCN 25033, MNCN 25034, MNCN 25035, MNCN 25036 collected from La Rioja; MNCN 41414, MNCN 41416 collected from Masa (Burgos) and MNCN 24489, MNCN 24490 from Merindad del Río Ubierna (Burgos); MNCN 25020 from Teruel, MNCN 25021, MNCN 25037 from Zaragoza, MNCN 41697 from Brea de Tajo (Madrid), MNCN 41698 from Corpa (Madrid), MNCN 377 from Almodóvar del Campo (Ciudad Real); MNCN 25022 collected from Palencia and MNCN 20783 collected from Castellón. Etymology. The specific name is a latinized adjective derived from the name Hesperides (Ἑσπερίδες), Nymphs of the fading sun and daughters of the Titan Atlas, in allusion to an Iberian mythological garden. The Hesperian Massif also takes its name from the same etymology, meaning “western” in ancient greek, referring to its position in the Mediterranean sea. Description of the holotype. Adult male in excellent state of preservation. Some tissue removed ventrally from right thigh for molecular analysis. Measurements: SVL, 36.6; HW, 12.7; HL, 13.3; TD, 2.7; ED, 4.0; END, 4.3; NSD, 3.0; NND, 3.6; HAL, 10.6; FORL, 23.2; HIL, 61.6; FOL, 18.4; FOTL, 28.5; TIL, 18.4. Body relatively slender; head dorsally flattened, slightly longer than wide, wider than body; snout slightly pointed in dorsal view, rounded in lateral view; nostrils directed dorsolaterally, not protuberant, nearer to tip of snout than to eye; canthus rostralis indistinct, straight; loreal region very slightly concave, almost flat; eye moderately large, notably protuberant dorsally; interocular distance slightly smaller than horizontal eye diameter, larger than internarial and slightly smaller than eye-nostril distance; pupil vertical; tympanum externally visible, distinct, oval, wider vertically than horizontally, its horizontal diameter is 68% of maximum eye diameter, positioned near corner of mouth; supratympanic fold moderately distinct in its anterodorsal part running from posterior corner of eye to posterior corner of tympanum, indistinct in its posteroventral part running from posterior corner of tympanum to insertion of forelimb; tongue free posteriorly, of truncate shape, vomerine teeth distinct, in two patches between and at the same level as choanae; choanae moderately sized, ovoid. Premaxillary and maxillary teeth present. Arms slender, webbing almost absent, very small rudiments recognizable; comparative finger length I Colour of the holotype. The skin colour is between dark green to olive drab with light olive bands on the back and legs. The back is dotted with a pattern of small oval and linear prominences of olive green. On the lateral side, a clear band is more or less visible, from the tympanum to the insertion of posterior limbs. The ventral area, which is smooth or slightly rough, has a light colour from pale green to yellow tones. Colour in life is similar, with light greenish spots on the back, instead of drab colors, and a design of two crossed bands clear without dots (Fig. 12). Variation. In the paratypes EBD 34506 and EBD 34507, the foot webbing is much less distinctly expressed. Distribution. Pelodytes hespericus is distributed in the Iberian Peninsula and as far as known, restricted to Spain. Its range extends mainly in areas of low and mid-altitude mountains, from the sea level to 1,900 m in La Rioja (Zaldívar 2004), almost 2,000 m in Sierra Seca (Granada) and maybe higher at the locality of Castril, Granada (Fernández-Cardenete et al. 2000), but additional confirmation is required. It occupies most of the eastern and central parts of Spain (Lacomba & Sancho 1999; Barbadillo 2002b). The western range limits are in the southeast of Madrid (Martínez-Solano & García-París 2001; Martínez-Solano 2006), in the provinces of León and Zamora, and in the Montes de Toledo in Toledo and Ciudad Real. Southwards the species reaches the northern parts of Jaén and Granada provinces (Barbadillo 2002b; Ceacero et al. 2007) and coastal parts of Almería (González- Miras & Nevado 2008; Díaz-Rodríguez et al. 2015). Natural history. Lizana et al. (1986) and Esteban et al. (2004) provided notes on the natural history of this species. Pelodytes hespericus is a generalist that tolerates a wide range of climatic conditions and diverse substrates. However, it seems to avoid siliceous and some types of acid soils (Sánchez-Herráiz 2004). It can be found in semi-arid steppes in the Ebro basin and the southeast, as well as in temperate forests of beech and oak, but usually avoids the densest forest formations. It is common in abandoned quarries and cattle ponds and tolerates high levels of salinity. Specimens can reach eight years (males) and 10 years (females) of age (Esteban et al. 2004; Sánchez-Herráiz 2004). Advertisement call and reproductive behavior. As in the other western Pelodytes lineages, the call consists of two types of notes (A and B), nonetheless emitted just once time. In the recordings previously studied by Sánchez-Herráiz (2004) analyzed by us, and in numerous other individuals heard in the field, one call typically consists of one A note followed by a single B note (Fig. 7). Reciprocal calls of females have been reported (Sánchez-Herráiz 2004). Calling specimens are found at the edge or within water, with body temperatures between 10 °C –17.5°C (Sánchez-Herráiz 2004; Esteban et al. 2002). Call intensity and spectral frequency were not found to be related to the size or age of the male (Esteban et al. 2002).

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2017
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44. Pelodytes hespericus D��az-Rodr��guez, Gehara, M��rquez, Vences, Gon��alves, Sequeira, Mart��nez-Solano & Tejedo, 2017, sp. nov

Author

D��az-Rodr��guez, Jes��s, Gehara, Marcelo, M��rquez, Rafael, Vences, Miguel, Gon��alves, Helena, Sequeira, Fernando, Mart��nez-Solano, I��igo, and Tejedo, Miguel

Subjects
Amphibia, Pelodytes hespericus, Animalia, Biodiversity, Anura, Pelodytidae, Chordata, Pelodytes, Taxonomy
Abstract

Pelodytes hespericus sp. nov. (Fig. 12) Identity and diagnosis. Populations of this species have been considered as P. punctatus by S��nchez-Herr��iz et al. (2000), and as lineage C by D��az-Rodr��guez et al. (2015). Assigned to the genus Pelodytes based on high morphological similarity to P. punctatus, the type species of the genus; vertical pupil; network of dark lines in the skin of tadpoles; tadpoles with sinistral spiraculum; and molecular phylogenetic relationships. Of similar size as P. punctatus; mean SVL 35.3 mm (maximum 39.0 mm) in males, 39.8 mm (43.3 mm) in females. Morphologically similar to the other three western Pelodytes species, but distinguished from all of them by no repetitions of B notes in advertisement calls according to the recordings analyzed herein (Fig. 7), from P. ibericus by longer limbs and larger body size, and from P. atlanticus sp. nov. by larger body size (Fig. 6; Table 3). Furthermore, it is distinguished from all other Pelodytes species by concordant differences in mtDNA and nDNA sequences. Holotype. EBD 34505 (JDR 2012-1), adult male collected by Jes��s D��az-Rodr��guez on 9 April 2012 at Artunido (Casas de Carrasco), Sierra de Segura, Ja��n province, Spain. Geo. coord: 38.119349, -2.691951. Paratypes. EBD 34506 (JDR 2012-2), adult male, and EBD 34507 (JDR 2012-3), adult female, collected on 8 April 2012 by same collector and at same locality as holotype. Individuals deposited in Do��ana Biological Station with numbers EBD 28169, 28170, 28171, 28172, 28173, 28174, 28175 collected from Soria; EBD 20440 collected from Huesca, EBD 33728 and EBD 26828 collected from Almer��a; and specimens deposited in National Museum of Natural Sciences with the numbers MNCN 667, MNCN 669, MNCN 670, MNCN 672, MNCN 673, MNCN 684, MNCN 686, MNCN 2720, MNCN 2721, MNCN 2722, MNCN 2723, MNCN 2724, MNCN 2725 collected from Valencia; MNCN 689 collected from Ciempozuelos (Madrid); MNCN 25023, MNCN 25024, MNCN 25025, MNCN 25026, MNCN 25027, MNCN 25028, MNCN 25029, MNCN 25032, MNCN 25033, MNCN 25034, MNCN 25035, MNCN 25036 collected from La Rioja; MNCN 41414, MNCN 41416 collected from Masa (Burgos) and MNCN 24489, MNCN 24490 from Merindad del R��o Ubierna (Burgos); MNCN 25020 from Teruel, MNCN 25021, MNCN 25037 from Zaragoza, MNCN 41697 from Brea de Tajo (Madrid), MNCN 41698 from Corpa (Madrid), MNCN 377 from Almod��var del Campo (Ciudad Real); MNCN 25022 collected from Palencia and MNCN 20783 collected from Castell��n. Etymology. The specific name is a latinized adjective derived from the name Hesperides (�������ε������ες), Nymphs of the fading sun and daughters of the Titan Atlas, in allusion to an Iberian mythological garden. The Hesperian Massif also takes its name from the same etymology, meaning ���western��� in ancient greek, referring to its position in the Mediterranean sea. Description of the holotype. Adult male in excellent state of preservation. Some tissue removed ventrally from right thigh for molecular analysis. Measurements: SVL, 36.6; HW, 12.7; HL, 13.3; TD, 2.7; ED, 4.0; END, 4.3; NSD, 3.0; NND, 3.6; HAL, 10.6; FORL, 23.2; HIL, 61.6; FOL, 18.4; FOTL, 28.5; TIL, 18.4. Body relatively slender; head dorsally flattened, slightly longer than wide, wider than body; snout slightly pointed in dorsal view, rounded in lateral view; nostrils directed dorsolaterally, not protuberant, nearer to tip of snout than to eye; canthus rostralis indistinct, straight; loreal region very slightly concave, almost flat; eye moderately large, notably protuberant dorsally; interocular distance slightly smaller than horizontal eye diameter, larger than internarial and slightly smaller than eye-nostril distance; pupil vertical; tympanum externally visible, distinct, oval, wider vertically than horizontally, its horizontal diameter is 68% of maximum eye diameter, positioned near corner of mouth; supratympanic fold moderately distinct in its anterodorsal part running from posterior corner of eye to posterior corner of tympanum, indistinct in its posteroventral part running from posterior corner of tympanum to insertion of forelimb; tongue free posteriorly, of truncate shape, vomerine teeth distinct, in two patches between and at the same level as choanae; choanae moderately sized, ovoid. Premaxillary and maxillary teeth present. Arms slender, webbing almost absent, very small rudiments recognizable; comparative finger length IVariation. In the paratypes EBD 34506 and EBD 34507, the foot webbing is much less distinctly expressed. Distribution. Pelodytes hespericus is distributed in the Iberian Peninsula and as far as known, restricted to Spain. Its range extends mainly in areas of low and mid-altitude mountains, from the sea level to 1,900 m in La Rioja (Zald��var 2004), almost 2,000 m in Sierra Seca (Granada) and maybe higher at the locality of Castril, Granada (Fern��ndez-Cardenete et al. 2000), but additional confirmation is required. It occupies most of the eastern and central parts of Spain (Lacomba & Sancho 1999; Barbadillo 2002b). The western range limits are in the southeast of Madrid (Mart��nez-Solano & Garc��a-Par��s 2001; Mart��nez-Solano 2006), in the provinces of Le��n and Zamora, and in the Montes de Toledo in Toledo and Ciudad Real. Southwards the species reaches the northern parts of Ja��n and Granada provinces (Barbadillo 2002b; Ceacero et al. 2007) and coastal parts of Almer��a (Gonz��lez- Miras & Nevado 2008; D��az-Rodr��guez et al. 2015). Natural history. Lizana et al. (1986) and Esteban et al. (2004) provided notes on the natural history of this species. Pelodytes hespericus is a generalist that tolerates a wide range of climatic conditions and diverse substrates. However, it seems to avoid siliceous and some types of acid soils (S��nchez-Herr��iz 2004). It can be found in semi-arid steppes in the Ebro basin and the southeast, as well as in temperate forests of beech and oak, but usually avoids the densest forest formations. It is common in abandoned quarries and cattle ponds and tolerates high levels of salinity. Specimens can reach eight years (males) and 10 years (females) of age (Esteban et al. 2004; S��nchez-Herr��iz 2004). Advertisement call and reproductive behavior. As in the other western Pelodytes lineages, the call consists of two types of notes (A and B), nonetheless emitted just once time. In the recordings previously studied by S��nchez-Herr��iz (2004) analyzed by us, and in numerous other individuals heard in the field, one call typically consists of one A note followed by a single B note (Fig. 7). Reciprocal calls of females have been reported (S��nchez-Herr��iz 2004). Calling specimens are found at the edge or within water, with body temperatures between 10 ��C ���17.5��C (S��nchez-Herr��iz 2004; Esteban et al. 2002). Call intensity and spectral frequency were not found to be related to the size or age of the male (Esteban et al. 2002)., Published as part of D��az-Rodr��guez, Jes��s, Gehara, Marcelo, M��rquez, Rafael, Vences, Miguel, Gon��alves, Helena, Sequeira, Fernando, Mart��nez-Solano, I��igo & Tejedo, Miguel, 2017, Integration of molecular, bioacoustical and morphological data reveals two new cryptic species of Pelodytes (Anura, Pelodytidae) from the Iberian Peninsula, pp. 1-41 in Zootaxa 4243 (1) on pages 28-31, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4243.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/398686, {"references":["Sanchez-Herraiz, M. J., Barbadillo, L., Machordom, A. & Sanchiz, B. (2000) A new species of pelodytid frog from the Iberian Peninsula. Herpetologica, 56, 105 - 118.","Diaz-Rodriguez, J., Goncalves, H., Sequeira, F., Sousa-Neves, T., Tejedo, M., Ferrand, N. & Martinez-Solano, I. (2015) Molecular evidence for cryptic candidate species in Iberian Pelodytes (Anura, Pelodytidae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 83, 224 - 241.","Zaldivar, C. (2004) Los anfibios de La Rioja. Paginas de Informacion Ambiental Gobierno de la Rioja, 16, 24 - 28.","Fernandez-Cardenete, J. R., Luzon-Ortega, J. M., Perez-Contreras, J. & Tierno de Figueroa, J. M. (2000) Revision de la distribucion y conservacion de los anfibios y reptiles en la provincia de Granada (Espana). Zoologica Baetica, 11, 77 - 104.","Barbadillo, L. J. (2002 b) Pelodytes punctatus. In: Pleguezuelos, J. M., Marquez, R. & Lizana, M. (Eds.), Atlas y Libro Rojo de los Anfibios y Reptiles de Espana. Direccion General de Conservacion de la Naturaleza, Madrid, pp. 100 - 102.","Martinez-Solano, I. & Garcia-Paris, M. (2001) Distribucion y estado de conservacion de Alytes obstetricans y Pelodytes punctatus en el SE de Madrid. Boletin de la Asociacion Herpetologica Espanola, 12, 37 - 41.","Martinez-Solano, I. (2006) Atlas de distribucion y estado de conservacion de los anfibios de la Comunidad de Madrid. Graellsia, 62, 253 - 291.","Ceacero, F., Garcia-Munoz, E., Pedrajas, L., Hidalgo, A. & Guerrero, F. (2007) Actualizacion herpetologica de la provincia de Jaen. In: Gos, A., Egana-Callejo, A. & Rubio, X. (Eds.), Herpetologia iberiarraren egoera = Estado actual da Herpetologia Iberica = Estado actual de la Herpetologia Iberica: Lehen Herpetologia Kongressua Euskal Herrian, IX Congresso Luso-Espanhol, XIII Congreso Espanol de Herpetologia. Munibe. Suplemento. Fol. 25. Aranzadi Zientzi Elkartea, Donostia, pp. 130 - 139.","Gonzalez-Miras, E. & Nevado, J. C. (2008) Atlas de distribucion de los anfibios de la provincia de Almeria (sudeste iberico, Espana) Boletin de la Asociacion Herpetologica Espanola, 19, 85 - 90.","Lizana. M., Ciudad Pizarro, M. J. & Perez-Mellado, V. (1986) Uso de los recursos troficos de una comunidad iberica de anfibios. Revista Espanola de Herpetologia, 1, 207 - 272.","Esteban, M., Sanchez-Herraiz, M. J., Barbadillo, L. J. & Castanet, J. (2004) Age structure and growth in an isolated population of Pelodytes punctatus in northern Spain. Journal of Natural History, 38, 2789 ‾ 2801.","Esteban, M., Sanchez-Herraiz, M. J., Barbadillo, L. J., Castanet, J. & Marquez, R. (2002) Effects of age, size and temperature on the advertisement calls of two Spanish populations of Pelodytes punctatus. Amphibia-Reptilia, 23, 249 - 258. https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 15685380260449135"]}

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2017
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45. Pelodytes atlanticus Díaz-Rodríguez, Gehara, Márquez, Vences, Gonçalves, Sequeira, Martínez-Solano & Tejedo, 2017, sp. nov

Author

Díaz-Rodríguez, Jesús, Gehara, Marcelo, Márquez, Rafael, Vences, Miguel, Gonçalves, Helena, Sequeira, Fernando, Martínez-Solano, Iñigo, and Tejedo, Miguel

Subjects
Amphibia, Pelodytes atlanticus, Animalia, Biodiversity, Anura, Pelodytidae, Chordata, Pelodytes, Taxonomy
Abstract

Pelodytes atlanticus sp. nov. (Fig. 11) Identity. Populations of this species have been considered as P. punctatus until now (for instance, Sanchiz et al. 2002). The species was referred to as Pelodytes sp. by Crespo et al. (2008) and van de Vliet et al. (2012) and as lineage A in Díaz-Rodríguez et al. (2015). Diagnosis. Assigned to the genus Pelodytes based on high morphological similarity to P. punctatus, the type species of the genus; vertical pupil; network of dark lines in the skin of tadpoles; tadpoles with sinistral spiraculum; and molecular phylogenetic relationships. Of similar size as P. ibericus; mean SVL 31.4 mm (maximum 39.2 mm) in males, 34.7 mm (40.4 mm) in females. Morphologically similar to the other three western Pelodytes species, but distinguished from P. hespericus sp. nov. and P. punctatus by smaller body size (Table 3; Fig. 6), from P. ibericus by longer limbs and fewer B notes in advertisement calls (Figs. 6–7), and from P. hespericus sp. nov. by more B notes in advertisement calls (Fig. 7). Furthermore, distinguished from all other Pelodytes species by concordant differences in mtDNA and nDNA sequences. Holotype. EBD 34645 (GLA 03 -JDR2015), adult male collected by Jesús Díaz-Rodríguez on 29 January 2015 at Mindelo Ornithological Reserve, Mindelo, Porto, Portugal. Geo. coord: 41.318539, -8.737131. Paratypes. EBD 34646 (GLA 01 -JDR 2015) and EBD 34647 (GLA 02 -JDR 2015), adult males collected on 29 January 2015 by same collector and at same locality as holotype. ZSM 1 /2011 collected from Nives, north of Portimão; ZSM 1201/2012, collected from Barão de São Miguel; ZSM 194 /2016, male specimen collected near Vila do Bispo, Portugal; and vouchers from Lisbon Natural Museum, collected on 1983 by E.G. Crespo: MB 110 collected on 1983 by E.G. Crespo from Cacém; twelve specimens from the series MB 112, collected on 21 October 1982 by E.G. Crespo from Cascais; and ten specimens from the series MB 113 collected on 27 October 1987 by E.G. Crespo at Benfica. Etymology. The specific epithet atlanticus is a genitive adjective derived from the name of Titan Atlas who, according to the ancient greek mythology, lived beyond the strait of Gibraltar and refers to the species’ exclusive distribution along the Atlantic coast of Portugal. Description of the holotype. Adult male in excellent state of preservation. Some tissue removed ventrally from right thigh for molecular analysis. Measurements: SVL, 33.0; HW, 11.6; HL, 11.0; TD, 1.9; ED, 3.6; END, 2.7; NSD, 2.6; NND, 2.3; HAL, 9.0; FORL, 20.0; HIL, 52.6; FOL, 16.6; FOTL, 25.4; TIL, 16.5. Body relatively slender; head dorsally flattened, slightly wider than longer, wider than body; snout slightly pointed in dorsal view, rounded and flattened in lateral view; nostrils directed dorsolaterally, slightly protuberant, nearer to tip of snout than to eye; canthus rostralis indistinct, straight; loreal region very slightly concave, almost flat; eye moderately large, notably protuberant dorsally; interocular distance slightly larger than horizontal eye diameter, larger than internarial and eye-nostril distance; pupil vertical; tympanum externally visible, distinct, oval, wider vertically than horizontally, its horizontal diameter being 68% of vertical eye diameter, positioned near corner of mouth; supratympanic fold distinct in its anterodorsal part running from posterior corner of eye to level of forelimb insertion; tongue free posteriorly, of truncated shape, vomerine teeth distinct, in two patches between and at the same level as choanae; choanae moderately sized, ovoid. Premaxillary and maxillary teeth present. Arms slender, webbing almost absent, very small rudiments recognizable; comparative finger length I Colour of the holotype: The skin colour is between dark gray to olive brown with drab green bands on the back and legs. The back is dotted with small round or oval prominences of olive colors. The ventral area, which is smooth or slightly rough, has a light colour from pale green to gray tones. Nuptial pads are grass green. Colour in life (Fig. 11) is more clear with light greenish spots on the back and a design of a drab olive line from the eye to the insertion of anterior legs. Distribution. Pelodytes atlanticus is restricted to Portugal, comprising the central-eastern part of the country (Alto Alentejo), and coastal areas from Faro to Sagres in the Algarve, and from Cape of São Vicente to Cavado River, Esposende (Crespo et al. 2008; Matos et al. 2010). The ecological range is similar to that of P. ibericus with hybrids occurring in a long and narrow contact zone between this species and P. atlanticus (van de Vliet et al. 2012; Díaz-Rodríguez et al. 2015). Natural history. Poorly known. Reproductive phenology is similar to P. ibericus and takes place early in the season, starting with the first rains at mid-autumn and extending into the winter. More detailed fieldwork is needed to determine the conservation status of populations in some regions (van de Vliet et al. 2012; Nunes et al. 2014). Given that suitable breeding habitats (i.e., temporary ponds in traditional Mediterranean farmland) are disappearing at an alarming rate in Portugal (Beja & Alcazar 2003) affecting overall Mediterranean biodiversity (Stoate et al. 2009), it is urgent to assess the conservation status of this species and possibly implement conservation measures. In the Natural Reserve of Paul do Boquilobo (central Portugal), the introduction of the American crayfish (Procambarus clarkii) resulted in the extinction of local populations of P. atlanticus eight years later (Cruz et al. 2008). Advertisement call and reproductive behavior. The call is similar to that of other western Pelodytes lineages, consisting of two types of notes (A and B). The number of B notes in a call is on average lower than in P. ibericus, but higher than in P. hespericus sp. nov. (Fig. 7). Pargana (1998) found differences in call variables between Portuguese populations of P. atlanticus sp. nov.. from Lisboa, Alto Alentejo and Algarve, versus populations of P. ibericus from Baixo Alentejo and east Algarve. As with P. hespericus sp. nov., call parameters were not related to the size or age of the male. Tadpole. We assessed morphological data in one tadpole in developmental stage 37 (field number ZCMV 14042 from Vila do Bispo, BL 25.9 mm, TL 49.4 mm). The external morphology of this tadpole and one other specimen has a close similarity to those of P. punctatus, except the LTRF 4(2–4)/4(1–2) and 4(3–4)/5(1–3) (Fig. 9c).

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2017
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46. Pelodytes punctatus Daudin 1802

Author

Díaz-Rodríguez, Jesús, Gehara, Marcelo, Márquez, Rafael, Vences, Miguel, Gonçalves, Helena, Sequeira, Fernando, Martínez-Solano, Iñigo, and Tejedo, Miguel

Subjects
Amphibia, Pelodytes punctatus, Animalia, Biodiversity, Anura, Pelodytidae, Chordata, Pelodytes, Taxonomy
Abstract

Pelodytes punctatus (Daudin, 1802) Common Parsley frog (Fig. 8) Identity. Described as Rana punctata Daudin, 1802, from a locality in France ("aux environs de Beauvais", Department Oise, northern France) (Frost 2015). One synonym, Rana plicata Daudin, 1802, from near Montpellier, France (Frost 2015). We could not locate the type specimens in the Paris museum (see also Frost 2015), but a more intensive search of that and other French collections might be warranted to ascertain the fate of the types of these two nomina. However, because the localities of both taxa are deeply in the range of the genetic lineage D, there is no doubt about the identity of this lineage with the name Rana punctata, and the status of Rana plicata as its junior synonym. Morphology. A medium sized frog with an average SVL of 35.5 mm (maximum SVL 41.6 mm) in males and 38.8 mm (51.0 mm) in females (Table 3). As all congeners its dorsal skin has tubercles and folds forming an irregular pattern of discontinuous dorsolateral folds, with considerable variation among individuals. Ventral side whitish, dorsally with irregular greenish dots and patches which typically are centered on the tubercles and folds, and sometimes extending around these. No webbing between fingers and weakly expressed between toes, except in males (where foot webbing are clearly expressed). Males with distinct nuptial pads on fingers and arms. Further morphometric values are summarized in Table 3, and original measurements in Supplementary Table S2. Distribution. Pelodytes punctatus is widely distributed in France, extending into northwestern Italy (Liguria and Piedmont) and northeastern Spain (Catalonia) (Le Garff 1989; Salvidio & Bologna 2007). The northern limits are currently in the French department of Nord-Pas-de-Calais, where its presence is rare and limited (Duguet & Melki 2003). Fossil evidence indicates its existence further to the north in the past (Blain et al. 2014). In Italy, it is distributed in coastal Liguria (Salvidio et al. 2004), and in Piedmont (Boulenger, 1897) where it has recently been rediscovered (Andreone & Sindaco 1998; Sindaco et al. 2002). In the Iberian Peninsula, it is restricted to the northeast, including eastern Catalonia (Mart��nez-Rica 1983; Barbadillo 2002b), where it reaches its maximum altitude in the Pyrenees (2,000 m; Borr��s & Polls 1987; Guix et al. 2009). In France and Italy, P. punctatus inhabits plains (Guy��tant et al. 1999; Salvidio et al. 2004; Pottier 2008), is absent from most of the French Pyrenees (Boulenger, 1897; Guy��tant & Geniez 2013) and only exceeds elevations of 1,000 m in the Massif Central and in the Alpes Maritimes (Salvidio & Bologna 2007). The fossil record suggests an ancient presence of P. punctatus at the east of its present distribution (Blain & Bail��n 2003; Delfino 2004). The current distribution is roughly within the region of subtropical climate with dry summers in the Koppen-Geiger classification (Peel et al. 2007), and extends into the oceanic temperate region in western France and the northeast of the Iberian Peninsula. Natural history. Numerous studies on Pelodytes biology have been performed in France, Italy and northeastern Spain and therefore the respective data can be reliably assigned to P. punctatus. This encompasses general accounts on the biology of the species (e.g., Elzen 1975, 1976), diet analysis of adults from Catalonia (Bea et al. 1994), and diet preferences of tadpoles (Richter-Boix et al. 2007). Reproduction is related to an increase in seasonal rainfall and occurs early in the year, usually before that of other anuran species, with two breeding periods: one at mid-fall and another in late winter and spring (Sindaco & Andreone 1988; Toxopeus et al. 1993; Guy��tant et al. 1999; Boix et al. 2004; Egea-Serrano et al. 2005; Richter-Boix et al. 2006; Petitot et al. 2014). Reproduction in autumn is often minor and irregular (Cayuela et al. 2012), however, in southern populations the breeding season extends all year round (A. Montori pers. com.). This reproductive strategy may reduce interspecific competition (Jakob et al. 2003; Richter-Boix et al. 2006) and does not result in an inhibition of gene flow between early and late reproduction groups (Jourdan-Pineau et al. 2012). Breeding occurs in seasonal water bodies, mainly slow-flowing streams and ephemeral ponds located in cultivated areas, grasslands, shrubs and meadows (although the ponds often are more permanent than those used by P. atlanticus sp. nov. and P. ibericus). The species is frequently found at the entrance of caves and karstic sites (Elzen 1976; Olague & Lagares 2000; S��nchez-Herr��iz 2004; Blain et al. 2008b; Vento & P��rez 2011). Pelodytes punctatus tolerates high levels of salinity and shows a preference for clayeye soils as P. hespericus sp. nov. (but unlike P. ibericus, see however Reques and Tejedo 2014). Eggs are black and small (diameter 1.5���2 mm), arranged in strings of 70���80 mm length and containing 40 ��� 700 eggs. Overall clutch size can be up to 1,600 eggs (Boulenger, 1897; Lanza 1983; Toxopeus et al. 1993). Hatching success might be related to water oxygen content (Guy��tant et al. 1999). The incubation period is 8���9 days at 14���20��C (N��llert & N��llert 1992). Larvae reach metamorphosis in roughly two months but this period can be delayed to up to four months (Sindaco & Andreone 1988; Guy��tant et al. 1999), and up to eight months in hibernating larvae (Lataste, 1876). Phenotypic plasticity in morphology and larval development has been documented (Johansson and Richter-Boix 2013). Males reach sexual maturity at one year of age and females at two years and longevity can reach 8 years (in males) and 10 years (in females), similarly to other species of the genus (Esteban et al. 2004, Erişmiş et al. 2011). The sex ratio within a population is close to 1:1 (Toxopeus et al. 1993). The IUCN threat status of P. punctatus is Least Concern (Deno��l et al. 2009); however, in the edge of its range (north of France, Italy and east of Spain), the species is generally scarce and highly threatened, due to the loss of breeding sites, close to local extinction in some areas (Parent 1989; Salvidio et al. 2004; Escoriza 2015). Advertisement call and reproductive behavior. The advertisement call of P. punctatus has been described by several authors (Hotz 1971; Elzen 1975; Paillete et al. 1992). Several call parameters (e.g., call duration) were found to depend on the temperature (Boulenger, 1897; Paillete et al. 1992). As with all western Pelodytes, the call consists of two notes (A and B) and has been reported as typically containing only a single B note following A (Paillette et al. 1992). Our analysis shows that also sequences of several B notes can be emitted following an A (Fig. 7), and it remains to be assessed by a more detailed study whether populational variation exists in the frequency of B series. Males call from positions partially or even completely submerged in the water, and occasional episodes of mortality due to sudden drops in temperature have been observed (Montori et al. 2011). Males remain for a longer period of time than females at the breeding sites and show a marked philopatry (Toxopeus et al. 1993). Female release calls have been mentioned by Elzen (1976). The amplexus is inguinal and usually lasts a few hours (Guy��tant 1986). Tadpole. We assessed morphology in one tadpole in developmental stage 34 (field number ZCMV 14045, BL 22.2 mm, TL 44.5 mm, from Palam��s, Catalonia). The examined tadpole has an elliptical body, a narrowly rounded snout in dorsal view, protruding eyes from the surface of the body and a very short tail with a typical braided line pattern; and spiraculum sinistral. The distance between eyes is moderately wide and nares are very large, round, positioned high dorsally, and situated nearer to snout than to eye and below the eye level. Moderately wide oral disk (Fig. 9b), emarginated, upper labium is wider than lower labium, LTRF is 5(2���5)/5(1���3). The upper jaw sheath is partially keratinized with pointed serrations, moderately wide without medial convexity. The lower sheath is wide V-shaped, partially keratinized and partially hidden by the upper one. Both jaw sheaths have a smooth surface. This tadpole is characterized by the presence of a network of dark lines, as it is also typical for larvae of the anuran genera Bombina and Discoglossus, covering the whole body, in addition to the presence of sparse dark spots. The venter is transparent with irregularly spiral shape intestinal coils., Published as part of D��az-Rodr��guez, Jes��s, Gehara, Marcelo, M��rquez, Rafael, Vences, Miguel, Gon��alves, Helena, Sequeira, Fernando, Mart��nez-Solano, I��igo & Tejedo, Miguel, 2017, Integration of molecular, bioacoustical and morphological data reveals two new cryptic species of Pelodytes (Anura, Pelodytidae) from the Iberian Peninsula, pp. 1-41 in Zootaxa 4243 (1) on pages 21-23, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4243.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/398686, {"references":["Daudin, F. - M. (1802) Histoire Naturelle des Rainettes, des Grenouilles et des Crapauds. Quarto version. Levrault, Paris, 108 pp.","Frost, D. R. (2015) Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0. American Museum of Natural History, New York. Electronic Database accessible. Available from: http: // research. amnh. org / herpetology / amphibia / index. html (accessed 1 November 2015)","Le Garff, B. 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G., Ohm, M. & Arntzen, J. W. (1993) Reproductive biology of the parsley frog, Pelodytes punctatus, at the northernmost part of its range. Amphibia-Reptilia, 14, 131 - 147.","Boix, D., Sala, J., Quintana, X. D. & Moreno-Amich, R. (2004) Succession of the animal community in a Mediterranean temporary pond. Journal of the North American Benthological Society, 23, 29 - 49. https: // doi. org / 10.1899 / 0887 - 3593 (2004) 023 % 3 C 0029: SOTACI % 3 E 2.0. CO; 2","Egea-Serrano, A., Oliva-Paterna, F. J. & Torralva, M. (2005) Fenologia reproductiva de la comunidad de anfibios del Noroeste de la Region de Murcia (SE Peninsula Iberica). Zoologia Baetica, 16, 59 - 72.","Richter-Boix, A., Llorente, G. A. & Montori, A. (2006) Breeding phenology of an amphibian community in a Mediterranean area. Amphibia-Reptilia, 27, 549 - 559.","Petitot, M., Manceau, N., Geniez, P. & Besnard, A. 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2017
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47. Isolation by environment and recurrent gene flow shaped the evolutionary history of a continentally distributed Neotropical treefrog.

Author

Camurugi, Felipe, Gehara, Marcelo, Fonseca, Emanuel M., Zamudio, Kelly R., Haddad, Célio F.B., Colli, Guarino R., Thomé, Maria Tereza C., Prado, Cynthia P.A., Napoli, Marcelo F., and Garda, Adrian A.

Subjects
*GENE flow, *LAST Glacial Maximum, *CLIMATE change, *PLANT species diversity, *SPECIES distribution
Abstract

Aim: Phylogeographic studies show how historical and current changes in landscapes shape the geographic distribution of genetic diversity in species of animals and plants. In particular, for the species of the Diagonal of Open Formations (DOF), the compartmentalization of the Central Brazilian Plateau (CBP) during the Tertiary and climatic oscillations during the Quaternary have often been invoked to explain the origin and current patterns of biodiversity. We investigated how landscape changes and climatic oscillations shaped the distribution and diversification history of a widespread South American treefrog. Location: South American Diagonal of Open Formations (DOF) including Caatinga, Cerrado, and Chaco biomes. Taxon: Treefrog Boana raniceps. Methods: We used a multi‐locus dataset from 288 individual frogs collected at 115 localities throughout most of the species' distribution. We used population assignment analysis, species distribution models, historical demography models, approximate Bayesian computation and landscape genetic analyses to test alternative hypotheses of diversification. Results: We found two genetic lineages that diverged during the mid‐Pleistocene with continued gene flow. Approximate Bayesian computation supported a scenario of isolation with migration until the Last Glacial Maximum, followed by more recent population expansion in north‐eastern Brazil and stability at the southwest in South America. Isolation by environment was the best predictor of genetic distance between populations, which is in accordance with their different environmental niches. As Boana raniceps is a lowland species, steep slopes in the CBP likely restrained gene flow enough to sustain population divergence. We found evidence for major range contraction during the Last Glacial Maximum, raising the possibility of synergic action of climate change and the CBP compartmentalization in regulating migration. Main conclusions: Our findings highlight how landscape and climatic changes can shape the diversification of DOF biota. Past climatic fluctuations and environmental resistance due to topography acted in concert, forming a semipermeable barrier to gene flow, promoting intraspecific differentiation in a continentally distributed species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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48. Dwarf geckos and giant rivers: the role of the São Francisco River in the evolution of Lygodactylus klugei (Squamata: Gekkonidae) in the semi-arid Caatinga of north-eastern Brazil.

Author

Lanna, Flávia M, Gehara, Marcelo, Werneck, Fernanda P, Fonseca, Emanuel M, Colli, Guarino R, Sites, Jack W, Rodrigues, Miguel T, and Garda, Adrian A

Subjects
*GECKOS, *SQUAMATA, *GENE flow, *RIVERS, *NUCLEAR structure
Abstract

Species diversification can be strongly influenced by geomorphological features, such as mountains, valleys and rivers. Rivers can act as hard or soft barriers to gene flow depending on their size, speed of flow, historical dynamics and regional topographical characteristics. The São Francisco River (SFR) is the largest perennial river in the Caatinga biome in north-eastern Brazil and has been considered a barrier to gene flow and dispersal. Herein, we evaluated the role of the SFR on the evolution of Lygodactylus klugei , a small gecko from the Caatinga. Using a single-locus species delimitation method (generalized mixed Yule coalescent), we defined lineages (haploclades). Subsequently, we evaluated the role of the SFR in structuring genetic diversity in this species using a multilocus approach to quantify migration across margins. We also evaluated genetic structure based on nuclear markers, testing the number of populations found through an assignment test (STRUCTURE) across the species distribution. We recovered two mitochondrial lineages structured with respect to the SFR, but only a single population was inferred from nuclear markers. Given that we detected an influence of the SFR only on mitochondrial markers, we suggest that the current river course has acted as a relatively recent geographical barrier for L. klugei , for ~450 000 years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2020
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