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Introduction: Sickle-cell disease (SCD) refers to a group of inherited disorders affecting hemoglobin resulting sickle hemoglobin variant (HbS). A simple, low-cost, paper-based test for SCD offers advantages over existing technologies for screening programs in resource-limited settings. The primary aim is to test the efficacy of paper-based test as a simple low cost and electricity free test. The main objectives are to determine the sensitivity and specificity of paper-based screening test for SCD in compare to HPLC test and to validate the paper based test. Materials and Method: A comparative study was conducted in the Dept. of Physiology from April to June 2021 as ICMR approved STS project, after obtaining the ethical clearance (SVIEC/ON/MEDI/SRP/20027). A total of 60 samples (n=60) were collected from individuals ranged between 18-40 years for the study. Blood samples collected in EDTA anticoagulant vacutainers were used for SCD diagnosis by using paper-based test and then confirmed by HPLC test, using HPLC test as the gold standard test. Result and Conclusion: True positive(TP), false positive(FP), true negative(TN), and false negative(FN) were determined on the basis of result obtained from HPLC test. The result obtained includes TP=36, FP=4, T N=10 and FP=10. The sensitivity and specificity of paper-based screening test was evaluated to be 78.2% and 71.4% respectively for HbS (HbAS and HbSS). ROC curve was obtained and the area under curve is 0.88 for discriminating between HbAA from HbAS and HbSS by paper-based test. In conclusion, the paper-based test can be used as a substitute for screening HbS. The study validates the paper-based test as a simple low-cost and electricity free test capable of detecting sickle cell trait and disease and demonstrate its practicality in resource-limited clinical settings.

Background & Objectives: Asian countries need to set their own standards and reference values for spirometry. ATS considered FEV1% as gold standards and recommend 70% of FEV1% as the cut-off. Poor subjective efforts, frustration, time taken and complications as syncope associated with forced spirometry inspires researchers to find out the surrogate of FVC and FEV1%. Present study was aimed to study the forced spirometry during three trimesters of pregnancy with non-pregnant as control group to compare the values of FVC and FEV1% with FEV6 and FEV1/FEV6 in three trimesters of pregnancy and non-pregnant females. Methods: Total 400 participants (100 in each trimester and 100 non pregnant control) attending antenatal clinic of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Department. Dhiraj General Hospital, SVDU were studied for FVC, FEV1, FEV6, FEV1% and FEV1/FEV6 using Digital spirometer (SpiroWin+). ANOVA, Student’s t-test and Mann Whitney test were used for statistical analysis. Results: The values of FVC and FEV6 in all three trimesters of pregnancy were within physiological limit and insignificantly different. Difference for FVC (1.910±0.35 vs 1.952±0.44) and FEV6 (1.619±0.40 vs 1.567±0.34) were observed to be insignificant (p>0.05) when compared for pregnant and non-pregnant groups. FEV1% and FEV1/FEV6 for all the groups were comparable and well above the 70%. Mann Whitney test for comparison of FVC with FEV6 and FEV1/FVC with FEV1/FEV6 insignificant variations within the trimesters.Conclusion: FEV6 can be effectively used in place of FVC in evaluation of lung function test, since the values are highly correlative at all the levels. Compared with measurements of FVC, using FEV6 reduces the test time, frustration and may reduce the complication as syncope during the test which is a common observation in pregnant female, specifically last trimester. Thus time to rethink for a change.

Background: Professional educators are facing various workplace issues, which can aggravate the non-communicable disease like hypertension (HTN). Work pressure, stress, work load, and sedentary lifestyle are major factors reported. This study was aimed to determine the prevalence and risk factors of HTN with new guidelines among professional medical educators of Vadodara city. Aim and Objectives: The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of HTN with new guidelines and its correlation with associated factors in professional educators. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out in 220 professional medical educators in Vadodara city. Data on socio-demographic profile, different risk factors, and blood pressure (BP) were recorded. HTN was recorded according to pre-defined criteria’s and described by new AHA guidelines. Factors associated with HTN analyzed by Chi-square test (χ2). Results: The prevalence of elevated BP among professional educators was approximately 80% as per new AHA guidelines. The mean systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, mean blood pressure, and pulse pressure were found to be 126.73±6.02, 82.02±3.02, 96.32±3.46, and 42.05±4.99, respectively. HTN was found to be associated with age and body mass index (BMI) (χ2 P < 0.05). Author also found that 41–50 years of age group BP were found to be elevated in more than 55% of population. Conclusion: Study found that BP found to be elevated in more than 50% subjects even with normal BMI. The percentage we found for Stage I HTN cannot be ignored even in such a small group. Studies in large group or longer time are recommended and prevalence data need to be revised for prevention and management of HTN as per the American Heart Association (AHA) guidelines.

Introduction: Effective feedback helps students to realize their error and confirm most appropriate response posed by them which moreover, magnifies their conceptual understanding. Implementation of the innovative feedback on formative assessment of Continuous Cumulative Evaluation System (CCES) at our institute primes the untrained minds towards better understanding of the assessed content. Aim: To determine the impact of feedback on CCES process in medical students on learning physiology. Materials and Methods: Non-randomized, purposive, survey questionnaire based study for 150 students enrolled in 2015 to 2016 for medical program of SBKSMIRC, Sumandeep Vidyapeeth University were considered. Three focus group discussions were conducted with eight students in each group after completion of session. Pre and post-test was conducted to assess learning outcome of students by feedback methodology. Data was collected, and analyzed statistically using paired t-test and correlation analysis for gender variability for perception. Results: Pre and post-test showed statistical significance (p

NTRODUCTION: Evidence - based medicine (EBM) is defined as the „conscientious, explicit, and judicious use of current best evidence‟. It i s an important tool for lifelong learning in medicine, and medical students can develop the skills necessary to understand and use EBM. The teaching of EBM in Sumandeep Vidyapeeth is as part of Evidence Based Education System (EBES). The university has imp lemented the 16 hours of teaching with project work on Evidence Based Medicine in 1st MBBS and 2nd MBBS curriculum in addition to MBBS syllabus. AIMS & OBJECTIVES: This study was planned to take feedback from all the faculties those who are involved in Evi dence based Medicine teaching to evaluate their attitude and perception towards this innovative teaching method and to recommend improvements. MATERIAL & METHODS: A Descriptive, self - structured , pilot pretested questionnaire based cross sectional study was conducted in the year 2013 - 2014 among 40 faculties from 7 Departments like Anatomy, Physiology, Biochemistry, Microbiology, Pharmacology, Pathology and Forensic Medicine teaching Evidence Base d Medicine to students at S.B.K.S MI & RC, Sumandeep Vidyapeeth. Data was expressed as percentage. RESULTS: The response rate for the study was 75%. Almost 87% of faculties agreed that teaching EBM is a welcoming development during pre and para clinical ye ars. About 80% faculties agreed that it will help them in future clinical learning. 87% faculties agreed that literature and research searching improves their day to day teaching. About 77% of faculties have attended workshop and training held in Universit y and 83% of faculties agreed that they are interested in more learning and improving skills necessary to incorporate Evidence based medicine into their discipline. Barriers included shortage of time and need for training in teaching EBM. CONCLUSION: Facul ties of this University teaching Pre - clinical and Para - clinical medical students recognized EBM as an important component of undergraduate education. Majority have positive attitude towards teaching EBM to undergraduates and agreed that it will help them i n future clinical learning although they need more training to improve their ability to teach EBM.

Background: Evidence-based practice usually refers to gathering quantitative data based upon the best decision about what constitutes effective or efficient practice or what is sometimes referred to as “best practices”. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the student’s perception and learning effectiveness towards Evidence Generating Community Health Projects (EviGenCHIP). Materials and Methods: This study was questionnaire based cross sectional study carried out in SBKS MIRC, Sumandeep Vidyapeeth, Vadodara, Gujarat, India. A total of 110 MBBS students (III Year) participated. After obtaining ethical clearance the data was collected and analyzed. Data was compiled in excel sheet, analyzed for percentage and proportion. Results: In the present study 100 students (90.9%) believed that research in medical fi eld is important. On the contrary 40% students believed that there is no need to know about research methodology. After Evidence Generating Community Health Projects students were sensitized to the importance of protocol writing (56.3%), searching literature (40.9%), structured questionnaires, data collection and its analysis (45%), report writing (52.7%) and presentation as an integral part of research process. Conclusion: Evidence Generating Community Health Projects can be an effective tool for medical education, where they become exposed and sensitized to the research process at undergraduate level. It also improves active learning in public health and research skills. This teaching and learning model can be considered in other medical schools in the country. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v6i3.10951 Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.6(3) 2015 72-76

Background It is predicted that the prevalence of overweight and obesity will rise significantly by 2015 in young population. Problem of overweight and obesity has been recognized as public health problem worldwide due to the fact that it increases the risk of chronic diseases such as Cardiovascular Diseases (CVD), stroke, diabetes, sleep apnoea, osteoarthritis etc.Objective To assess the body mass index in medical students and its association with various cardiovascular risk factors like blood pressure, dietary habits, and family history of cardiovascular diseases.Method A university based cross-sectional analytical study was conducted in Department of Physiology, Smt. B.K. Shah Medical Institute & Research Center, Vadodara, Gujarat. Data was collected through convenient sampling technique by using self-administered questionnaire followed by anthropometric measurement. Body Mass Index (BMI) of 138 first year medical students was assessed. Systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, pulse pressure, mean blood pressure, pulse rate and arterial oxygen saturation were measured.Result Data was compiled in excel sheet, analyzed for percentage and proportion. Chi square and Pearson correlation test were also applied and alpha error was set at 5% level. In comparison to the students with normal BMI, students with BMI >25 kg/m2 (N=49) showed significantly high blood pressure indices. Dietary habits and family history of cardiovascular diseases were also noted. Highly significant association of high BMI was found with elevated blood pressure (X2=7.4042***, p

Introduction: Peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) represents effort dependent large airways function. It is a simple and non-invasive method of assessment of lung function. Present study was aimed to study the PEFR components of ventilation in normal pregnancy during three different trimesters and their comparison with matched nonpregnant control. Methods: Total 279 normal apparently healthy rural pregnant women were studied during pregnancy in different trimesters with a computer assisted spirometer SpiroWin+. Apparently healthy 97 nonpregnant women, matched with age and socioeconomic status, were studied as control. Results: Data was analyzed by unpaired t-test and Pearson correlation test (α error was set at 5% level). Study shows that PEFR remain unaltered during pregnancy. Comparison of pregnant with nonpregnent shows insignificant change (pConclusion: Although gravid uterus affects the respiratory functions, our results evident that pregnancy is a state of adaptation. Unaltered changes suggest the role of progesterone on respiratory muscle functions.

This study investigated the effects of aerobic exercises training with different modes of physical activity on cardiovascular fitness and mental health. In this regard, 20 young healthy male participants (18 to 30 years) were included in this study. They were divided into 2 groups, 10 in each, groups A and group B. Group A participated in combined limb exercise while Group B participated in walking exercise training under the supervision of a physical trainer. Resting and maximum pulse, resting and maximum systolic and diastolic blood pressure, Treadmill walking exercise fatigue time (TWEFT) and general health questionnaire GHQ-12 were analyzed in both groups before and after the exercise training. Students paired t test was applied for pre and post data analysis. Results showed resting pulse, resting and maximum SBP and TWEFT decrease significantly (p

Background: The mood changes surrounding menstrual cycle mainly during luteal phase, known as premenstrual syndrome, have been described as early as the time of the ancient Greeks. Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II) and State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) are used to study psychological symptoms of anxiety and depression. Aims: To study the psychological parameters and effects of PMR on females with premenstrual syndrome. Settings and Design: It was an experimental study. Materials and Methods: Sixty participants aged between 18 and 40 years, volunteered for this study. Relaxation technique, PMR was given to the study group (Group A, Mean age 24.13±5.69) for one month and control group (Group B, Mean age 28.96±9.42) was evaluated without any intervention. Statistical Analysis Used: Paired students t test. Alpha error was set at 1% level. Results and Conclusion: PMR Group A showed significant decrease in Both BDI II and STAI scores (p

Physical activity is a complex behaviour that is nurtured by environmental and biological factors. In day-to-day life, moderate level of physical activity has a number of positive influences on all systems, especially cardiovascular and respiratory systems. Few studies reported how the different modes of aerobic exercise influence the cardiovascular efficiency and physical fitness in sedentary subjects. This study was aimed to study the effect of whole body exercise, walking exercise, upper and lower limb exercise and combined exercise on sedentary males. Method: Seventy five healthy non-smoking males aged between 15-25 years were recruited for 12 week exercise training. Participants were divided into five groups, 15 in each. Each group performed different exercise for 12 weeks under the supervision of physical trainer. Interventions included respiratory rate, resting pulse rate, blood pressure, forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR), 6 minute walk distance (6 MWD), 12 minute walk distance (12 MWD), 6 minute bicycle ergometer (6 MBE) test and 6 minute arm ergometer (6MAE) test. Parameters were studied twice before and after exercise training. Data was represented as mean±SD. Students paired t test was applied for pre and post data analysis. Result: The increase in cardiorespiratory efficiency was found significantly higher in response to whole body, combined and walking exercise. The other mode like only upper limb or lower limb exercises are not as beneficial. Conclusion: In conclusion cardio-respiratory efficiency and exercise performance both are improved by regular exercise training and whole body exercise is the best among all. Lower limb exercise is least beneficial.

Introduction: Obesity is a condition in which excess body fat accumulates, which leads to various adverse effects on health, particularly cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), which reduce life expectancy and/or increase health problems. Fast food consumption is one of the factors which have been reported as a cause of obesity. Body mass index (BMI) is used to assess obesity and overweight, which can be calculated by using the formula, weight in kg, divided by square of height in metres. Aim: This study focused on the relationship of body mass index with fast food consumption, associated soft drink consumption and physical activity. Methods: Descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in Department of Biochemistry, SBKS MI and RC, and Sumandeep Vidyapeeth. This study was approved by the ethical review board .One hundred and forty seven medical students from 1st year MBBS course were included in this study. Self-structured questionnaire was used, which contained several data like information on age, height, weight, education level. The formula used for calculating BMI was, weight in kg, divided by square of height in metres (Kg/m2). Results: In our study, out of 147 students, a total of 138 students (more than 90%) used to have fast food. Among these, a total of 47 students (34.05%) were pre-obese and obese. Out of 147 students, 87 students (59.18%) were in normal weight range, while 13 (8.84%) students were underweight. Statistical Analysis: Data was compiled in an Excel worksheet and it was analyzed for percentages and proportions. Chi-square and Pearson’s correlation test were also applied wherever they were applicable and Alpha error was set at a 5% level. Conclusion: In our study, a significant relationship was found between BMI and fast food consumption, less physical activity, and intake of soft drinks.

Background & Objectives: Sumandeep Vidyapeeth incorporated a new teaching method in medical education probably 1st time in India. It was a move towards evidence based education system (EBES), which requires utilizing of existing evidences and establishing new evidences, where current evidences are insufficient. Method: 15 EBES learning sessions were conducted by trained and professional teachers for first year MBBS students in 2011. EBES was not only included in curriculum but also, evaluated to see student’s attitude towards this new teaching method. 50 students were given a project related to Physiology. This project was about the use of basic science knowledge in various clinical conditions. Results: Evaluation of project showed satisfactory results. Project submission was followed by the written evaluation in the form of examination of 150 students. Written exam syllabus included the prior EBES learning. Theory exam evaluation showed that about 46% students got more than 80% marks, while about 34% students got 60-80% marks. Interpretation & Conclusion: 1st time incorporation of this new system on medical undergraduates showed outperformed results. This educational setting paving a new way for development of a successful international teaching methodology in Indian medical education

Background: Dyslipidemia is an abnormal amount of lipids in the blood. In developing countries, most dyslipidemias are hyperlipidemias , an elevation of lipids in the blood, may be due to diet and lifestyle . The present study aimed to assess the prevalence of coronary heart disease risk factors like dyslipidemia and educational level in different socioeconomic classes. Methods: This study was conducted in Central Laboratory Dhiraj General Hospital, Vadodara, Gujarat, India. In a time based cross sectional study 206 participants were randomly selected from collection center for lipid profile determination. Desired information regarding socio-demographic data and education were collected by self-structured questionnaire after taking informed consent. Statistical Analysis: Single factor one way ANOVA was used for group difference and alpha error was set at 5% level. Results: Parameters like total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein (LDL), triglyceride (TG) and high density lipoprotein (HDL) level were studied. TC, LDL and TG level were significantly different in all classes (p