44 results on '"Geeraert N"'
Search Results
2. Individualized Calculation of Tissue Imparted Energy in Breast Tomosynthesis
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Geeraert, N., Klausz, Rémy, Muller, S., Bloch, Isabelle, Bosmans, H., Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), General Electric Medical Systems [Buc] (GE Healthcare), General Electric Medical Systems, Image, Modélisation, Analyse, GEométrie, Synthèse (IMAGES), Laboratoire Traitement et Communication de l'Information (LTCI), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Télécom Paris-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Télécom Paris, Département Traitement du Signal et des Images (TSI), Télécom ParisTech-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and HAL, TelecomParis
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[INFO.INFO-TI] Computer Science [cs]/Image Processing [eess.IV] ,[INFO.INFO-TI]Computer Science [cs]/Image Processing [eess.IV] ,[INFO.INFO-IM] Computer Science [cs]/Medical Imaging ,[INFO.INFO-IM]Computer Science [cs]/Medical Imaging - Abstract
International audience; A method to compute the Glandular Imparted Energy (GIE) from an estimation of the quantity and localization of glandular tissues in digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) is proposed and evaluated. The Volumetric Breast Density (VBD) is computed from a single projection of the object, then the DBT voxels are labelled as glandular or adipose depending on whether their values are above or below a threshold computed from the histogram of the DBT volume and ensuring the conservation of the VBD. Finally, the GIE is calculated by Monte Carlo (MC) computation on the resulting tissue-labelled DBT volume. For verification, the method was applied to ten breast-shaped digital phantoms made of glandular spheres of different diameters and positions in an adipose background, and to a digital anthropomorphic phantom. Results were compared to the results of direct computations on the phantoms considered as “ground-truth”. The major limitations in accuracy are those of DBT, in particular the limited z-resolution. However for most phantoms the results can be considered as acceptable.
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- 2016
3. Technical Note: Large overestimation of pCO2 calculated from pH and alkalinity in acidic, organic-rich freshwaters
- Author
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Abril, G., Bouillon, S., Darchambeau, F., Teodoru, C. R., Marwick, T. R., Tamooh, F., Ochieng Omengo, F., Geeraert, N., Deirmendjian, L., Polsenaere, P., and Borges, A. V.
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lcsh:Geology ,lcsh:QH501-531 ,lcsh:QH540-549.5 ,lcsh:QE1-996.5 ,lcsh:Life ,lcsh:Ecology - Abstract
Inland waters have been recognized as a significant source of carbon dioxide (CO2) to the atmosphere at the global scale. Fluxes of CO2 between aquatic systems and the atmosphere are calculated from the gas transfer velocity and the water–air gradient of the partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2). Currently, direct measurements of water pCO2 remain scarce in freshwaters, and most published pCO2 data are calculated from temperature, pH and total alkalinity (TA). Here, we compare calculated (pH and TA) and measured (equilibrator and headspace) water pCO2 in a large array of temperate and tropical freshwaters. The 761 data points cover a wide range of values for TA (0 to 14 200 μmol L−1), pH (3.94 to 9.17), measured pCO2 (36 to 23 000 ppmv), and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) (29 to 3970 μmol L−1). Calculated pCO2 were >10% higher than measured pCO2 in 60% of the samples (with a median overestimation of calculated pCO2 compared to measured pCO2 of 2560 ppmv) and were >100% higher in the 25% most organic-rich and acidic samples (with a median overestimation of 9080 ppmv). We suggest these large overestimations of calculated pCO2 with respect to measured pCO2 are due to the combination of two cumulative effects: (1) a more significant contribution of organic acids anions to TA in waters with low carbonate alkalinity and high DOC concentrations; (2) a lower buffering capacity of the carbonate system at low pH, which increases the sensitivity of calculated pCO2 to TA in acidic and organic-rich waters. No empirical relationship could be derived from our data set in order to correct calculated pCO2 for this bias. Owing to the widespread distribution of acidic, organic-rich freshwaters, we conclude that regional and global estimates of CO2 outgassing from freshwaters based on pH and TA data only are most likely overestimated, although the magnitude of the overestimation needs further quantitative analysis. Direct measurements of pCO2 are recommended in inland waters in general, and in particular in acidic, poorly buffered freshwaters.
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- 2014
4. The Investigation of Different Factors to Optimize the Simulation of 3D Mass
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Shaheen, Eman, Bemelmans, Frédéric, van Ongeval, Chantal, de Keyzer, Frederik, Geeraert, N., Bosmans, H., Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), General Electric Medical Systems [Buc] (GE Healthcare), General Electric Medical Systems, Image, Modélisation, Analyse, GEométrie, Synthèse (IMAGES), Laboratoire Traitement et Communication de l'Information (LTCI), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Télécom Paris-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Télécom Paris, Département Traitement du Signal et des Images (TSI), Télécom ParisTech-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Télécom Paristech, Admin
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[INFO.INFO-GR] Computer Science [cs]/Graphics [cs.GR] ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS ,[INFO.INFO-GR]Computer Science [cs]/Graphics [cs.GR] - Abstract
International audience
- Published
- 2014
5. Evaluation of exposure in mammography: limitations of average glandular dose and proposal of a new quantity
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Geeraert, N., Klausz, Rémy, Muller, S., Bloch, Isabelle, Bosmans, H., Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), General Electric Medical Systems [Buc] (GE Healthcare), General Electric Medical Systems, Image, Modélisation, Analyse, GEométrie, Synthèse (IMAGES), Laboratoire Traitement et Communication de l'Information (LTCI), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Télécom Paris-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Télécom Paris, Département Traitement du Signal et des Images (TSI), Télécom ParisTech-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Télécom Paristech, Admin
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[INFO.INFO-TI] Computer Science [cs]/Image Processing [eess.IV] ,[INFO.INFO-TI]Computer Science [cs]/Image Processing [eess.IV] ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS - Abstract
International audience
- Published
- 2014
6. INDIVIDUALISED CALCULATION OF TISSUE IMPARTED ENERGY IN BREAST TOMOSYNTHESIS
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Geeraert, N., primary, Klausz, R., additional, Muller, S., additional, Bloch, I., additional, and Bosmans, H., additional
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- 2016
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7. Dissolved organic carbon lability and stable isotope shifts during microbial decomposition in a tropical river system
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Geeraert, N., primary, Omengo, F. O., additional, Govers, G., additional, and Bouillon, S., additional
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- 2016
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8. Accuracy of Breast Density Estimation from Mammographic Images
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Geeraert, N., Klausz, Rémy, Bloch, Isabelle, Muller, S., Bosmans, H., Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), General Electric Medical Systems [Buc] (GE Healthcare), General Electric Medical Systems, Image, Modélisation, Analyse, GEométrie, Synthèse (IMAGES), Laboratoire Traitement et Communication de l'Information (LTCI), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Télécom Paris-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Télécom Paris, Département Traitement du Signal et des Images (TSI), Télécom ParisTech-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Télécom Paristech, Admin
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[INFO.INFO-AI] Computer Science [cs]/Artificial Intelligence [cs.AI] ,mammography ,[INFO.INFO-RB] Computer Science [cs]/Robotics [cs.RO] ,[INFO.INFO-CV]Computer Science [cs]/Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition [cs.CV] ,[INFO.INFO-LG] Computer Science [cs]/Machine Learning [cs.LG] ,[INFO.INFO-AI]Computer Science [cs]/Artificial Intelligence [cs.AI] ,[INFO.INFO-CV] Computer Science [cs]/Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition [cs.CV] ,[INFO.INFO-TI] Computer Science [cs]/Image Processing [eess.IV] ,[INFO.INFO-LG]Computer Science [cs]/Machine Learning [cs.LG] ,system calibration ,[INFO.INFO-TI]Computer Science [cs]/Image Processing [eess.IV] ,[INFO.INFO-RB]Computer Science [cs]/Robotics [cs.RO] ,skin and connective tissue diseases ,breast density - Abstract
International audience; Breast density has been defined as an important risk factor for the development of breast cancer but the mechanisms of the impact on breast cancer development remain unsolved. One of the main discussions is the definition of breast density. Traditionally breast density is derived by dividing the area of the fibroglandular tissue in the image by the area of the total breast. From a physics point of view the ratio of volumes is a much more representative measure of the dense tissue in the breast. We evaluate the sensitivity of a method that computes the ratio of the volume of the fibroglandular tissue by the volume of the total breast from mammography projection images via a calibration procedure of the imaging system with breast phantom material and acquisition parameters of the image. The method was tested on phantoms with known density and thickness. We compared the results of our method to the literature. Two different authors described the errors on their model for density measurements on phantoms. Highnam et al. found an average error of 1.11% for 5 times 5 plugged densities below 38% density and Pawluczyk, Yaffe et al. found an error below 5% for inserted phantom disks (1 cm, 100%, 75%, 50%, 25%, 0%), on digitized screen-film images. The density model that we developed to compute the density estimation for phantoms has an accuracy equivalent to the best results in literature. The next step will be to improve the control of the influence of the breast thickness estimation in order to control the error of the density estimation for real breasts.
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- 2013
9. Impact of breast glandular description on average glandular dose and radiation risk assessment in mammography
- Author
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Geeraert, N., Klausz, Rémy, Desponds, L., Muller, S., Bloch, Isabelle, Bosmans, H., Télécom Paristech, Admin, Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), General Electric Medical Systems [Buc] (GE Healthcare), General Electric Medical Systems, Image, Modélisation, Analyse, GEométrie, Synthèse (IMAGES), Laboratoire Traitement et Communication de l'Information (LTCI), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Télécom Paris-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Télécom Paris, Département Traitement du Signal et des Images (TSI), and Télécom ParisTech-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
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[INFO.INFO-TI] Computer Science [cs]/Image Processing [eess.IV] ,[INFO.INFO-TI]Computer Science [cs]/Image Processing [eess.IV] ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS - Abstract
International audience
- Published
- 2013
10. Breast characterstics and dosimetric data in Xray mammography - a large sample survey
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Geeraert, N., Klaus, R., Muller, S., Bloch, Isabelle, Bosmans, H., Laboratoire Traitement et Communication de l'Information (LTCI), Télécom ParisTech-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), General Electric Medical Systems [Buc] (GE Healthcare), General Electric Medical Systems, and Télécom Paristech, Admin
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endocrine system ,[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-MED-PH] Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Medical Physics [physics.med-ph] ,[INFO.INFO-TI] Computer Science [cs]/Image Processing [eess.IV] ,[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-BIO-PH] Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Biological Physics [physics.bio-ph] ,urogenital system ,[INFO.INFO-TI]Computer Science [cs]/Image Processing [eess.IV] ,[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-BIO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Biological Physics [physics.bio-ph] ,[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-MED-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Medical Physics [physics.med-ph] ,skin and connective tissue diseases - Abstract
International audience; Average Glandular Dose (AGD) is the quantity generally accepted for dose monitoring of X ray mammographic examinations. A survey of breast characteristics (compressed breast thickness, peak breast density) and AGD values was carried out on a database describing the acquisition conditions of 147,487 routine mammographic images acquired in Europe, North America and Asia-Pacific on GE Healthcare Senographe DS and Essential mammographic equipment. These systems compute the breast density in the densest part of the image and the related AGD using normalized glandular dose values interpolated from published tables. The correlation between peak breast density and compressed breast thickness was determined for the different geographical zones, as well as the distributions of the AGD. Breasts in Asia-Pacific were on average significantly thinner and denser than in Europe and North America. Breasts in North America were on average significantly thicker and denser than in Europe. The average AGD per image was 1.42mGy in North America and Asia-Pacific, and 1.48mGy in Europe. We computed the difference in AGD values between an individual density correction factor based on the peak breast density and a population-averaged density correction factor, as routinely used for dosimetry surveys in Europe. The resulting collective AGD values derived from the two distributions were similar (difference
- Published
- 2012
11. Dual energy CT-based characterization of x-ray attenuation properties of breast equivalent material plates
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Geeraert, N., Klausz, Rémy, Guidici, Philippe, Muller, S., Cockmartin, Lesley, Bosmans, H., Télécom Paristech, Admin, Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), General Electric Medical Systems [Buc] (GE Healthcare), General Electric Medical Systems, Image, Modélisation, Analyse, GEométrie, Synthèse (IMAGES), Laboratoire Traitement et Communication de l'Information (LTCI), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Télécom Paris-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Télécom Paris, Département Traitement du Signal et des Images (TSI), and Télécom ParisTech-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
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[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-MED-PH] Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Medical Physics [physics.med-ph] ,[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-MED-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Medical Physics [physics.med-ph] ,[SPI.MAT] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials ,skin and connective tissue diseases ,[SPI.SIGNAL]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Signal and Image processing ,[SPI.MAT]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials ,[SPI.SIGNAL] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Signal and Image processing - Abstract
International audience; Breast density is more and more considered as an important risk factor for breast cancer and several quantitative breast density evaluation methods have been proposed. The reference material for simulation of the breast attenuation proper-ties of glandular and adipose breast tissues is manufactured by a single provider. In order to characterize the attenuation properties of these materials, measurements in Hounsfield Units (HU) have been performed using a CT-scanner. Breast-equivalent plates have been imaged in different configurations (plates in and orthogonal to image planes), providing consistent results (+ 1.3 HU). Breast density equivalent plates of different nominal breast density equivalences and sizes were measured, demonstrating both a good homogeneity within the plates (+ 1.8 HU) and a good consistency between plates of the same nominal breast density equivalence (+ 1.5 HU). In addition, dual energy CT provided mono-energetic HU from which mono-energetic linear attenuation coefficients of water and glandular and adipose equivalent materials were computed. The values for these coefficients were found in good agreement with results from literature, respectively direct mono-energetic measurements of breast samples, and computation by combining published breast tissue atomic compositions and linear attenuation coefficient tables. In conclusion, CT was found effective for the verification of the breast equivalent material, and the homogeneity and consistency of the plates were found satisfactory. Furthermore, the most recent spectral CT technology allowed demonstrating a good agreement of the attenuation properties of breast-equivalent material plates with state-of-the-art knowledge of real breast tissue attenuation.
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- 2012
12. 3D density estimation in digital breast tomosynthesis: application to needle path planning for breast biopsy
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Vancamberg, Laurence, Geeraert, N., Iordache, Razvan, Palma, Giovanni, Muller, S., Klausz, Rémy, Télécom Paristech, Admin, General Electric Medical Systems [Buc] (GE Healthcare), General Electric Medical Systems, Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), Image, Modélisation, Analyse, GEométrie, Synthèse (IMAGES), Laboratoire Traitement et Communication de l'Information (LTCI), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Télécom Paris-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Télécom Paris, Département Traitement du Signal et des Images (TSI), Télécom ParisTech-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Télécom ParisTech-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
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[INFO.INFO-TI] Computer Science [cs]/Image Processing [eess.IV] ,[INFO.INFO-TI]Computer Science [cs]/Image Processing [eess.IV] ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS - Abstract
International audience
- Published
- 2011
13. Dissolved organic carbon lability and stable isotope shifts during microbial decomposition in a tropical river system
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Geeraert, N., primary, Omengo, F. O., additional, Govers, G., additional, and Bouillon, S., additional
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- 2015
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14. Supplementary material to "Dissolved organic carbon lability and stable isotope shifts during microbial decomposition in a tropical river system"
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Geeraert, N., primary, Omengo, F. O., additional, Govers, G., additional, and Bouillon, S., additional
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- 2015
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15. Evaluation of exposure in mammography: limitations of average glandular dose and proposal of a new quantity
- Author
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Geeraert, N., primary, Klausz, R., additional, Muller, S., additional, Bloch, I., additional, and Bosmans, H., additional
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- 2015
- Full Text
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16. Technical Note: Large overestimation of <i>p</i>CO<sub>2</sub> calculated from pH and alkalinity in acidic, organic-rich freshwaters
- Author
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Abril, G., primary, Bouillon, S., additional, Darchambeau, F., additional, Teodoru, C. R., additional, Marwick, T. R., additional, Tamooh, F., additional, Ochieng Omengo, F., additional, Geeraert, N., additional, Deirmendjian, L., additional, Polsenaere, P., additional, and Borges, A. V., additional
- Published
- 2015
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17. Technical Note: Large overestimation of <i>p</i>CO<sub>2</sub> calculated from pH and alkalinity in acidic, organic-rich freshwaters
- Author
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Abril, G., primary, Bouillon, S., additional, Darchambeau, F., additional, Teodoru, C. R., additional, Marwick, T. R., additional, Tamooh, F., additional, Omengo, F. O., additional, Geeraert, N., additional, Deirmendjian, L., additional, Polsenaere, P., additional, and Borges, A. V., additional
- Published
- 2014
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18. Comparison of volumetric breast density estimations from mammography and thorax CT
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Geeraert, N, primary, Klausz, R, additional, Cockmartin, L, additional, Muller, S, additional, Bosmans, H, additional, and Bloch, I, additional
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- 2014
- Full Text
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19. Dual energy CT-based characterization of x-ray attenuation properties of breast equivalent material plates
- Author
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Geeraert, N., primary, Klausz, R., additional, Giudici, P., additional, Muller, S., additional, Cockmartin, L., additional, and Bosmans, H., additional
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. Dissolved organic carbon lability and stable isotope shifts during microbial decomposition in a tropical river system.
- Author
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Geeraert, N., Omengo, F. O., Govers, G., and Bouillon, S.
- Subjects
CARBON ,STABLE isotopes ,CHEMICAL decomposition ,WATERSHEDS ,CHEMICAL reactions - Abstract
A significant amount of carbon is transported to the ocean as dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in rivers. During transport, it can be transformed through microbial consumption and photochemical oxidation. In dark incubation experiments with water from the Tana River, Kenya, we examined the consumption of DOC through microbial decomposition and the associated change in its carbon stable isotope composition (δ
13 C). In 15 of the 18 incubations, DOC concentrations decreased significantly by 10 to 60%, with most of the decomposition taking place within the first 24-48 h. After 8 days, the remaining DOC was up to 3 more depleted in13 C compared with the initial pool, and the change in δ13 C correlated strongly with the fraction of DOC remaining. We propose that the shift in δ13 C is consistent with greater microbial lability of DOC originating from herbaceous C4 vegetation than DOC derived from woody C3 vegetation in the semiarid lower Tana. The findings complement earlier data that riverine C sources do not necessarily reflect their proportion in the catchment: besides spatial distribution, also processing within the river can further influence the riverine δ13 C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2015
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21. How fatiguing is dispositional suppression? Disentangling the effect of procedural rebound and ego-depletion.
- Author
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Geeraert N and Yzerbyt VY
- Abstract
Self-regulation research suggested that active self-control depends on a limited resource. Therefore the capacity for self-control is lower among people who already exercised control, a phenomenon labelled as ego depletion. This experiment examines whether priming of a persistent person exemplar may help to overcome ego depletion. Half of the participants engaged in a demanding self-control task (solving extremely difficult labyrinths) whereas the other half took part in a task that demanded little self-control (solving easy labyrinths). Then, half of the participants received a person exemplar prime related to persistence; the other half received a neutral prime. Finally, participants' persistence on a subsequent self-control task (squeezing a handgrip) was measured. The effect of a person exemplar prime on a subsequent self-control task depended on initial self-control demands. Participants who exercised high initial self-control and were then presented with a persistent exemplar prime showed assimilation. Their handgrip persistence was higher than the persistence of participants who received a neutral prime. Under conditions of low initial self-control the opposite pattern was found. A persistent person prime resulted in contrast and resulted in lower handgrip performance as compared to those who received a neutral prime. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2007
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22. Millon's view on the dependent personality disorder
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Rossi, Gina, Sloore, Hedwig, Van Den Brande, Iris, Geeraert, N., Herbette, G., Luminet, O., Personality and Social Psychology, and Vrije Universiteit Brussel
- Published
- 2001
23. Evidence Against Effects of Cultural Group and Prior Knowledge on Feature Binding in Working Memory.
- Author
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Cheung HW, Geeraert N, and Loaiza VM
- Abstract
Feature binding is the process of integrating features, such as colour and shape, into object representations. A persistent question in the literature concerning whether feature binding is an automatic or resource-demanding process may depend on unitisation, that is, whether the to-be-bound information is intrinsic (belonging to) or extrinsic (contextual). Given extensive evidence showing that Easterners may process information more holistically than Westerners, such cultural differences may be useful to understand the fundamental processes of feature binding in visual working memory (WM). Accordingly, we recruited British and Chinese participants to complete a visual WM task wherein to-be-remembered colours were integrated within (i.e., intrinsic binding) or as backgrounds (i.e., extrinsic binding) of to-be-remembered shapes (Experiments 1 and 2). Experiment 2 further investigated the role of prior knowledge in long-term memory to facilitate feature binding in WM. During retrieval, participants decided among three probes: a target, a lure (i.e., recombination of the presented features), and a new colour/shape. Hierarchical Bayesian multinomial processing tree models were fit to the data to estimate parameters representing binding and item memory. The current results suggest that intrinsic and extrinsic binding memory are similar between the two cultural groups, with no prior knowledge benefits for either intrinsic or extrinsic binding for either cultural group. This result conflicts with the Analytic and Holistic framework and suggests that there are no cultural differences or prior knowledge benefits in feature binding., Competing Interests: The authors have no competing interests to declare., (Copyright: © 2024 The Author(s).)
- Published
- 2024
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24. Home is Where the Heart is: Implications of Dyadic Acculturation for Migrant Couples' Personal and Relational Well-Being.
- Author
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Sun Q, Geeraert N, and Lamarche VM
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- Child, Humans, United Kingdom, Interpersonal Relations, Acculturation, Transients and Migrants
- Abstract
Acculturation-the process through which people adopt the sociocultural values of their heritage and settlement cultures-is a complex experience, particularly within family structures. Although the consequences of acculturation gaps between parents and children have been studied extensively, the consequences for migrant couples are often overlooked. We propose that acculturation gaps in migrant couples are likely detrimental for personal and relational well-being. To test this, a study of 118 migrant couples with the same heritage culture and now living in the United Kingdom was conducted. Acculturation gaps in our studies were conceptualized as both within person and within couple, and their impact on personal well-being and relationship quality was tested using Actor-Partner Interdependence Model (APIM). Results suggest that although within-couple acculturation gaps negatively impacted personal well-being, they were not necessarily harmful to relationship quality. Interestingly, within-person acculturation gaps had dyadic consequences, with one person specifically contributing to their partner's personal well-being., Competing Interests: Declaration of Conflicting InterestsThe author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.
- Published
- 2024
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25. Coral carbonate-bound isotopes reveal monsoonal influence on nitrogen sources in Southeastern China's Greater Bay Area from the mid-Holocene until the Anthropocene.
- Author
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Cybulski JD, Duprey NN, Thibodeau B, Yasuhara M, Geeraert N, Leonard N, Vonhof HB, Martínez-García A, and Baker DM
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- Animals, Humans, Environmental Monitoring, Isotopes, Carbonates, Rivers, China, Nitrogen Isotopes analysis, Nitrogen analysis, Anthozoa
- Abstract
Most anthropogenic nitrogen (N) reaches coastal waters via rivers carrying increasing loads of sewage, fertilizer, and sediments. To understand anthropogenic N impacts, we need to understand historical N-dynamics before human influence. Stable isotope ratios of N preserved in carbonates are one way to create temporal N records. However, records that span periods of human occupation are scarce, limiting our ability to contextualize modern N dynamics. Here, we produce a fossil-bound N-record using coral subfossils, spanning 6700 years in China's Greater Bay Area (GBA). We found that during the mid-to-late Holocene, the GBA's coastal N was dominated by fluvial sources. The weakening of the Asia monsoon throughout the late-Holocene decreased river outflow, leading to a relative increase of marine nitrate. This source shift from riverine-to-ocean dominance was overprinted by anthropogenic N. During the late 1980s to early 1990s, human development and associated effluent inundated the coastal system, contributing to the decline of coral communities., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023. Published by Elsevier Ltd.)
- Published
- 2023
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26. Returning home: The role of expectations in re-entry adaptation.
- Author
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Geeraert N, Ward C, and Hanel PHP
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- Adolescent, Female, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Personal Satisfaction, Adaptation, Psychological, Motivation
- Abstract
Returning home after a study abroad experience can be challenging. In the current research, we examine the discrepancy between adaptation expectations and experience in a longitudinal sojourner study (N = 1319; M
age = 17 years; 70% female). Returnees adaptation expectations were assessed prior to returning home, followed by post return measures of adaptation experiences and general well-being. Overall, returnees reported higher levels of re-entry adaptation than anticipated. According to the accuracy hypothesis, unmet expectations will be associated with lower well-being. In contrast, the directional hypothesis suggests that unmet expectations will negatively impact on well-being, but only if the expectation is undermet. Well-being on return was regressed on pre-travel adaptation expectations and adaptation experience on re-entry. Polynomial regression and Response Surface Analyses were conducted for two outcome variables (stress and satisfaction with life), two types of adaptation (psychological and sociocultural), and at different time points (approximately 2 weeks and 6 months after return). Results consistently show that larger discrepancies were associated with lower well-being for negative mismatches (when expectations were undermet). For positive mismatches, if adaptation was better than expected, well-being was higher. Congruence between expectation and experience were not associated with well-being. Thus, across analyses, results supported a directional hypothesis., (© 2022 The Authors. Applied Psychology: Health and Well-Being published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of International Association of Applied Psychology.)- Published
- 2022
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27. Elucidating sources of atmospheric NO X pollution in a heavily urbanized environment using multiple stable isotopes.
- Author
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Yau YYY, Geeraert N, Baker DM, and Thibodeau B
- Subjects
- China, Coal, Environmental Monitoring, Isotopes, Nitrogen analysis, Nitrogen Isotopes analysis, Nitrogen Oxides analysis, Groundwater, Nitrates analysis
- Abstract
Atmospheric deposition of nitrogen (N) from rain and aerosols can be a significant non-point source - particularly in urbanized coastal areas and contribute to coastal eutrophication and hypoxia. Here, we present geochemical and isotopic data from surface waters coupled with an 18-month time series of geochemical and isotopic data measured on wet and dry deposition over Hong Kong from June 2018. Dual stable isotopes of nitrate (δ
15 N-NO3 - and δ18 O-NO3 N of TSP, δ- N-NO15 N of TSP, δ15 N varied seasonally with higher values in winter and lower values in summer. This variation can be explained by a change in the sources of atmospheric NO3 in rain and TSP ranged from +0.94 to +17.6‰, -4.1 to +3.0‰ and -1.3 to +9.0‰ respectively. δ15 comes from coal burning in winter and a mix of vehicle emissions, fossil fuel combustion and lightning in summer. Moreover, the estimated dry and wet deposition of nitrate and ammonium in Hong Kong is around 18 kg N hax annually, which is of the same order of magnitude as N released by sewage effluents and groundwater. This implies that atmospheric N deposition over the N-limited waters of the eastern side of Hong Kong could contribute significantly to the N budget. Therefore, atmospheric N deposition may alter the local N marine cycling, thus monitoring its impact is crucial for water quality in Southern China.x comes from coal burning in winter and a mix of vehicle emissions, fossil fuel combustion and lightning in summer. Moreover, the estimated dry and wet deposition of nitrate and ammonium in Hong Kong is around 18 kg N ha-1 annually, which is of the same order of magnitude as N released by sewage effluents and groundwater. This implies that atmospheric N deposition over the N-limited waters of the eastern side of Hong Kong could contribute significantly to the N budget. Therefore, atmospheric N deposition may alter the local N marine cycling, thus monitoring its impact is crucial for water quality in Southern China., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)- Published
- 2022
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28. The role of psychologists in international migration research: Complementing other expertise and an interdisciplinary way forward.
- Author
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Schwartz SJ, Walsh SD, Ward C, Tartakovsky E, Weisskirch RS, Vedder P, Makarova E, Bardi A, Birman D, Oppedal B, Benish-Weisman M, Lorenzo-Blanco EI, Güngör D, Stevens GWJM, Benet-Martínez V, Titzmann PF, Silbereisen RK, and Geeraert N
- Abstract
This research note addresses the current and potential future role of psychologists in the study of international migration. We review ways in which psychologists have contributed to the study of migration, as well as ways in which psychological scholarship could be integrated with work from other social science fields. Broadly, we discuss four major contributions that psychology brings to the study of international migration-studying migrants' internal psychological experiences, incorporating a developmental perspective, conducting experimental studies, and integrating across levels of analysis. Given the position of psychology as a 'hub science' connecting more traditional social sciences with health and medical sciences, we argue for a more prominent role for psychologists within the study of international migration. Such a role is intended to complement the roles of other social scientists and to create a more interdisciplinary way forward for the field of migration studies. The research note concludes with an agenda for further scholarship on migration., Competing Interests: Conflict of interest statement. None declared.
- Published
- 2022
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29. Investigating the link between Pearl River-induced eutrophication and hypoxia in Hong Kong shallow coastal waters.
- Author
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Geeraert N, Archana A, Xu MN, Kao SJ, Baker DM, and Thibodeau B
- Abstract
We present geochemical analysis of 75 surface water samples collected in 2016 in Hong Kong coastal waters. We found that nitrogen distribution around Hong Kong can be characterized by two regimes driven by the influence of the Pearl River: 1) a regime where nitrate is the dominant species of nitrogen, associated with lower salinity and more faecal coliform and 2) a regime where dissolved organic nitrogen is dominant, associated with higher salinity and fewer faecal coliform. While the impact of the Pearl River on Hong Kong coastal waters is well characterized, we used the sharp contrast between the nitrogen regimes to produce new evidence about the role of the Pearl River on the generation of local hypoxia in Hong Kong. The impact of nitrate originating from the Pearl River on the generation of hypoxia in Hong Kong might be less important than previously thought, as no sign of eutrophication was found within the zones dominated by dissolved organic nitrogen and an historical decoupling of surface processes and bottom water oxygenation was observed. Moreover, we measured elevated ammonium levels and rapid cycling of ammonium and dissolved organic nitrogen in Victoria Harbour suggesting local sources, such as wastewater, might be rapidly oxidized and thus play an important role in the consumption of oxygen locally. A first-order calculation highlighted the potential for wastewater to drive the observed seasonal decline in oxygen. Taken together, these evidences suggest that eutrophication might not be the primary driver in the generation of seasonal hypoxia and that oxidation of ammonium released locally might play a bigger role than initially thought., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2021
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30. Substantial decrease in CO 2 emissions from Chinese inland waters due to global change.
- Author
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Ran L, Butman DE, Battin TJ, Yang X, Tian M, Duvert C, Hartmann J, Geeraert N, and Liu S
- Abstract
Carbon dioxide (CO
2 ) evasion from inland waters is an important component of the global carbon cycle. However, it remains unknown how global change affects CO2 emissions over longer time scales. Here, we present seasonal and annual fluxes of CO2 emissions from streams, rivers, lakes, and reservoirs throughout China and quantify their changes over the past three decades. We found that the CO2 emissions declined from 138 ± 31 Tg C yr-1 in the 1980s to 98 ± 19 Tg C yr-1 in the 2010s. Our results suggest that this unexpected decrease was driven by a combination of environmental alterations, including massive conversion of free-flowing rivers to reservoirs and widespread implementation of reforestation programs. Meanwhile, we found increasing CO2 emissions from the Tibetan Plateau inland waters, likely attributable to increased terrestrial deliveries of organic carbon and expanded surface area due to climate change. We suggest that the CO2 emissions from Chinese inland waters have greatly offset the terrestrial carbon sink and are therefore a key component of China's carbon budget.- Published
- 2021
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31. Crossing the rice-wheat border: Not all intra-cultural adaptation is equal.
- Author
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English AS and Geeraert N
- Subjects
- Adolescent, China, Crops, Agricultural, Farms, Female, Geography, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Oryza, Students psychology, Triticum, Universities, Young Adult, Acculturation, Adaptation, Psychological, Crop Production, Cross-Cultural Comparison, Human Migration
- Abstract
This study aimed to test whether or not where people come from and move to impacts their method for dealing with stress. We investigated this research question among newcomers crossing between the rice and wheat farming regions in China-south and north China, respectively. New evidence suggests wheat-farming agriculture fosters a coping strategy of changing the environment (primary coping), while rice-farming regions foster the converse strategy of fitting into the environment (secondary coping). Using two longitudinal studies on newcomers at universities located in both the rice and wheat farming regions, we hypothesized that students from south China (rice region) at a university in north China (wheat region) would use more primary coping and it would lead to better adaptation (Study 1). In contrast, students from wheat-farming regions moving to a rice university would benefit from secondary coping as an effective strategy for buffering stress (Study 2). Results indicated that for students from rice-farming regions who were studying universities in wheat-farming regions, secondary coping was damaging and attenuated the stress-adaptation relationship. However, in study 2, the reverse was found, as secondary coping was found to buffer the negative effects of stress on sociocultural adaptation for students from wheat-farming regions who were studying at universities in rice-farming regions. This study lends further support to the theory that ecological factors impact how individuals cope with the acculturative stress of moving to a new environment., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
- Published
- 2020
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32. Never Mind the Acculturation Gap: Migrant Youth's Wellbeing Benefit when They Retain Their Heritage Culture but Their Parents Adopt the Settlement Culture.
- Author
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Sun Q, Geeraert N, and Simpson A
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Health Surveys, Humans, Male, Psychology, Adolescent, Regression Analysis, United Kingdom, Young Adult, Acculturation, Adolescent Health ethnology, Emigrants and Immigrants psychology, Mental Health ethnology, Parent-Child Relations ethnology
- Abstract
The extent to which migrant families successfully navigate their settlement and heritage cultures has been associated with family members' well-being. Specifically, parent-offspring acculturation gaps are purportedly linked to negative outcomes. Inconsistences in prior research are discussed in light of possible concerns relating to conceptual clarity and methodological limitations. To examine these, a study of 153 youth-parent dyads (youth sample: 58% female, M
age = 19.64, range = 13-25) was conducted. Participants were asked to assess their acculturation and that of their relative. Using multilevel regression, individual acculturation, but not acculturation gaps, was associated with youth well-being. Heritage engagement of youth and settlement engagement of their parents was beneficial, whereas parent's heritage engagement was detrimental. Thus, integration at the family level is likely to maximize migrant youth well-being.- Published
- 2020
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33. Fine Motor Control Underlies the Association Between Response Inhibition and Drawing Skill in Early Development.
- Author
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Simpson A, Al Ruwaili R, Jolley R, Leonard H, Geeraert N, and Riggs KJ
- Subjects
- Child, Preschool, Female, Humans, Infant, Male, Child Development physiology, Inhibition, Psychological, Motor Activity physiology, Motor Skills physiology, Space Perception physiology, Visual Perception physiology
- Abstract
Previous research shows that the development of response inhibition and drawing skill are linked. The current research investigated whether this association reflects a more fundamental link between response inhibition and motor control. In Experiment 1, 3- and 4-year-olds (n = 100) were tested on measures of inhibition, fine motor control, and drawing skill. Data revealed an association between inhibition and fine motor control, which was responsible for most of the association observed with drawing skill. Experiment 2 (n = 100) provided evidence that, unlike fine motor control, gross motor control and inhibition were not associated (after controlling for IQ). Alternative explanations for the link between inhibition and fine motor control are outlined, including a consideration of how these cognitive processes may interact during development., (© 2017 The Authors. Child Development © 2017 Society for Research in Child Development, Inc.)
- Published
- 2019
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34. A Tight Spot: How Personality Moderates the Impact of Social Norms on Sojourner Adaptation.
- Author
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Geeraert N, Li R, Ward C, Gelfand M, and Demes KA
- Subjects
- Adaptation, Psychological, Adolescent, Cultural Diversity, Female, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Multilevel Analysis methods, Social Norms, Sociological Factors, Surveys and Questionnaires, Personality physiology, Self Report standards, Students psychology
- Abstract
How do you navigate the norms of your new culture when living abroad? Taking an interactionist perspective, we examined how contextual factors and personality traits jointly affect sojourners' adaptation to the host-country culture. We hypothesized that tightness (strong, rigidly imposed norms) of the host culture would be associated with lower levels of adaptation and that tightness of the home culture would be associated with higher levels of adaptation. Further, we proposed that the impact of tightness should be dependent on personality traits associated with navigating social norms (agreeableness, conscientiousness, and honesty-humility). We analyzed longitudinal data from intercultural exchange students ( N = 889) traveling from and to 23 different countries. Multilevel modeling showed that sojourners living in a tighter culture had poorer adaptation than those in a looser culture. In contrast, sojourners originating from a tighter culture showed better adaptation. The negative effect of cultural tightness was moderated by agreeableness and honesty-humility but not conscientiousness.
- Published
- 2019
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35. Nitrogen sources and cycling revealed by dual isotopes of nitrate in a complex urbanized environment.
- Author
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Archana A, Thibodeau B, Geeraert N, Xu MN, Kao SJ, and Baker DM
- Subjects
- China, Denitrification, Environmental Monitoring, Eutrophication, Groundwater, Nitrification, Rivers, Sewage, Urbanization, Nitrates analysis, Nitrogen analysis, Nitrogen Isotopes analysis, Water Pollutants, Chemical analysis
- Abstract
Elevated nutrient inputs have led to increased eutrophication in coastal marine ecosystems worldwide. An understanding of the relative contribution of different nutrient sources is imperative for effective water quality management. Stable isotope values of nitrate (δ
15 NNO3- , δ18 ONO3- ) can complement conventional water quality monitoring programs to help differentiate natural sources of NO3 from anthropogenic inputs and estimate the processes involved in N cycling within an ecosystem. We measured nutrient concentrations, δ- N15 NNO3- , and δ18 ONO3- in 76 locations along a salinity gradient from the lower end of the Pearl River Estuary, one of China's largest rivers discharging into the South China Sea, towards the open ocean. NO3 - concentrations decreased with increasing salinity, indicative of conservative mixing of eutrophic freshwater and oligotrophic seawater. However, our data did not follow conservative mixing patterns. At salinities <20 psu, samples exhibited decreasing NO3 - concentrations with almost unchanged NO3 - isotope values, indicating simple dilution. At salinities >20 psu, NO3 N- concentrations decreased, while dual NO3 N- isotopes increased, suggesting mixing and/or other transformation processes. Our analysis yielded mean estimates for isotope enrichment factors (15 ε = -2.02‰ and18 ε = -3.37‰), Δ(15,18) = -5.5‰ and δ15 NNO3- - δ15 NNO2- = 12.3‰. After consideration of potential alternative sources (sewage, atmospheric deposition and groundwater) we concluded that there are three plausible interpretations for deviations from conservative mixing behaviour (1) NO3 - uptake by assimilation (2) in situ NO3 - production (from fixation-derived nitrogen and nitrification of sewage-derived effluents) and (3) input of groundwater nitrate carrying a denitrification signal. Through this study, we propose a simple workflow that incorporates a synthesis of numerous isotope-based studies to constrain sources and behaviour of NO3 - in urbanized marine environments., (Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)- Published
- 2018
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36. Advancing acculturation theory and research: the acculturation process in its ecological context.
- Author
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Ward C and Geeraert N
- Abstract
Continued intercultural contact leads to challenges and changes. As part of this process, the acculturating individual deals with acculturative stressors whose negative effects on well-being can be buffered or exacerbated by coping reactions. A second component of the acculturation process involves the acquisition, maintenance, and change of cultural behaviors, values and identities associated with heritage and settlement cultures. Both acculturative stress and acculturative change unfold in an ecological context. Within the family, acculturation discrepancies between parents and children affect acculturation trajectories and outcomes. At the institutional level, the school and workplace exert significant influences on the acculturation of young people and working adults, respectively. At the societal level attitudes, policies and prejudice affect the acculturation experiences of sojourners and immigrants and influence their psychological and socio-cultural adaptation., (Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
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37. The impact of experienced stress on aged spatial discrimination: Cortical overreliance as a result of hippocampal impairment.
- Author
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Marshall AC, Cooper NR, and Geeraert N
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Analysis of Variance, Electroencephalography, Evoked Potentials, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Neuropsychological Tests, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Recognition, Psychology, Spatial Behavior, Time Factors, Young Adult, Aging, Cognition Disorders etiology, Discrimination, Psychological, Hippocampus pathology, Stress, Psychological complications, Stress, Psychological pathology
- Abstract
A large body of neuroscientific work indicates that exposure to experienced stress causes damage to both cortical and hippocampal cells and results in impairments to cognitive abilities associated with these structures. Similarly, work within the domain of cognitive aging demonstrates that elderly participants who report experiencing greater amounts of stress show reduced levels of cognitive functioning. The present article attempted to combine both findings by collecting data from elderly and young participants who completed a spatial discrimination paradigm developed by Reagh and colleagues [Reagh et al. (2013) Hippocampus 24:303-314] to measure hippocampal-mediated cognitive processes. In order to investigate the effect of stress on the cortex and, indirectly, the hippocampus, it paired the paradigm with electroencephalographic recordings of the theta frequency band, which is thought to reflect cortical/hippocampal interactions. Findings revealed that elderly participants with high levels of experienced stress performed significantly worse on target recognition and lure discrimination and demonstrated heightened levels of cortical theta synchronization compared with young and elderly low stress counterparts. Results therefore provided further evidence for the adverse effect of stress on cognitive aging and indicate that impaired behavioral performance among high stress elderly may coincide with an overreliance on cortical cognitive processing strategies as a result of early damage to the hippocampus., (© 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.)
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Experienced stress produces inhibitory deficits in old adults' Flanker task performance: First evidence for lifetime stress effects beyond memory.
- Author
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Marshall AC, Cooper NR, and Geeraert N
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Alpha Rhythm, Attention, Electroencephalography, Electroencephalography Phase Synchronization, Executive Function, Female, Functional Laterality, Humans, Male, Reaction Time, Young Adult, Aging psychology, Inhibition, Psychological, Memory, Psychomotor Performance, Stress, Psychological psychology
- Abstract
Studies regarding aged individuals' performance on the Flanker task differ with respect to reporting impaired or intact executive control. Past work has explained this discrepancy by hypothesising that elderly individuals use increased top-down control mechanisms advantageous to Flanker performance. This study investigated this mechanism, focussing on cumulative experienced stress as a factor that may impact on its execution, thereby leading to impaired performance. Thirty elderly and thirty young participants completed a version of the Flanker task paired with electroencephalographic recordings of the alpha frequency, whose increased synchronisation indexes inhibitory processes. Among high stress elderly individuals, findings revealed a general slowing of reaction times for congruent and incongruent stimuli, which correlated with alpha desynchronisation for both stimulus categories. Results found high performing (low stress) elderly revealed neither a behavioural nor electrophysiological difference compared to young participants. Therefore, rather than impacting on top-down compensatory mechanisms, findings indicate that stress may affect elderly participants' inhibitory control in attentional and sensorimotor domains., (Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
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39. The highs and lows of a cultural transition: a longitudinal analysis of sojourner stress and adaptation across 50 countries.
- Author
-
Demes KA and Geeraert N
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Female, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Young Adult, Acculturation, Adaptation, Psychological, Empathy, Personality, Social Adjustment, Stress, Psychological psychology
- Abstract
The impact of living abroad is a topic that has intrigued researchers for almost a century, if not longer. While many acculturation phenomena have been studied over this time, the development of new research methods and statistical software in recent years means that these can be revisited and examined in a more rigorous manner. In the present study we were able to follow approximately 2,500 intercultural exchange students situated in over 50 different countries worldwide, over time both before and during their travel using online surveys. Advanced statistical analyses were employed to examine the course of sojourners stress and adjustment over time, its antecedents and consequences. By comparing a sojourner sample with a control group of nonsojourning peers we were able to highlight the uniqueness of the sojourn experience in terms of stress variability over time. Using Latent Class Growth Analysis to examine the nature of this variability revealed 5 distinct patterns of change in stress experienced by sojourners over the course of their exchange: a reverse J-curve, inverse U-curve, mild stress, minor relief, and resilience pattern. Antecedent explanatory variables for stress variability were examined using both variable-centered and person-centered analyses and evidence for the role of personality, empathy, cultural adaptation, and coping strategies was found in each case. Lastly, we examined the relationship between stress abroad with behavioral indicators of (mal)adjustment: number of family changes and early termination of the exchange program., ((c) 2015 APA, all rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
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40. The effects of long-term stress exposure on aging cognition: a behavioral and EEG investigation.
- Author
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Marshall AC, Cooper NR, Segrave R, and Geeraert N
- Subjects
- Adult, Aged, Cognition Disorders psychology, Female, Humans, Male, Memory physiology, Middle Aged, Young Adult, Aging psychology, Behavior, Cognition physiology, Cognition Disorders diagnosis, Cognition Disorders etiology, Electroencephalography, Stress, Psychological complications, Stress, Psychological physiopathology
- Abstract
A large field of research seeks to explore and understand the factors that may cause different rates of age-related cognitive decline within the general population. However, the impact of experienced stress on the human aging process has remained an under-researched possibility. This study explored the association between cumulative stressful experiences and cognitive aging, addressing whether higher levels of experienced stress correlate with impaired performance on 2 working memory tasks. Behavioral performance was paired with electroencephalographic recordings to enable insight into the underlying neural processes impacted on by cumulative stress. Thus, the electroencephalogram was recorded while both young and elderly performed 2 different working memory tasks (a Sternberg and N-back paradigm), and cortical oscillatory activity in the theta, alpha, and gamma bandwidths was measured. Behavioral data indicated that a higher stress score among elderly participants related to impaired performance on both tasks. Electrophysiological findings revealed a reduction in alpha and gamma event-related synchronization among high-stress-group elderly participants, indicating that higher levels of experienced stress may impact on their ability to actively maintain a stimulus in working memory and inhibit extraneous information interfering with successful maintenance. Findings provide evidence that cumulative experienced stress adversely affects cognitive aging., (Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
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41. When suppressing one stereotype leads to rebound of another: on the procedural nature of stereotype rebound.
- Author
-
Geeraert N
- Subjects
- Adult, Humans, Young Adult, Stereotyping, Thinking
- Abstract
A known consequence of stereotype suppression is post-suppressional rebound (PSR), an ironic activation of the suppressed stereotype. This is typically explained as an unintended by-product from a dual-process model of mental control. Relying on this model, stereotype rebound is believed to be conceptual. Alternative accounts predict PSR to be featural or procedural. According to the latter account, stereotype rebound would not be limited to the suppressed social category, but could occur for a target from any social category. The occurrence of procedural stereotype rebound was examined across five experiments. Suppression of one particular stereotype consistently led to rebound for social targets belonging to the same or a different stereotype in an essay-writing task (Experiments 1-3) and led to facilitation in recognition of stereotype-consistent words (Experiment 4). Finally, stereotype suppression was shown to impact on assessments of stereotype use but not on heuristic thinking (Experiment 5).
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. Similarity on the rebound: inhibition of similarity assessment leads to an ironic postsuppressional rebound.
- Author
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Geeraert N, Van Boven L, and Yzerbyt VY
- Subjects
- Attention physiology, Decision Making physiology, Female, Humans, Judgment physiology, Male, Neuropsychological Tests, Reaction Time physiology, Students, Universities, Vocabulary, Discrimination, Psychological physiology, Inhibition, Psychological, Memory physiology, Repression, Psychology
- Abstract
A widely held but rarely tested assumption among cognitive scientists is that different cognitive tasks may rely upon a single basic cognitive process. Using an established methodology to examine the suppression and subsequent rebound of mental operations, the present research indicates that suppressing use of similarity in one domain results in the subsequent rebound of similarity assessment in a different domain, suggesting that both domains rely on the same underlying cognitive process. In two studies, we demonstrate that leading people to suppress natural similarity assessment in one task produces increased reliance on similarity in subsequent, different, and apparently unrelated tasks. In Experiment 1, participants led to suppress similarity in a concentration task subsequently made more errors in a false-memory paradigm than did control participants. In Experiment 2, participants suppressing similarity in a categorization task made more false-memory errors and perceived more similarity between word pairs than participants who did not suppress. The findings suggest that the cognitive process of similarity assessment may be a domain-general process, such that it is widespread across a number of different mental tasks.
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. Social-cognitive beliefs, alcohol, and tobacco use: a prospective community study of change following a ban on smoking in public places.
- Author
-
Orbell S, Lidierth P, Henderson CJ, Geeraert N, Uller C, Uskul AK, and Kyriakaki M
- Subjects
- Adult, Commerce legislation & jurisprudence, England epidemiology, Female, Health Behavior, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Models, Theoretical, Prospective Studies, Regression Analysis, Smoking epidemiology, Surveys and Questionnaires, Young Adult, Alcohol Drinking epidemiology, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Public Facilities, Smoking legislation & jurisprudence
- Abstract
Objective: To examine social-cognitive change associated with behavior change after the introduction of a smoke-free public places policy., Design: Adults (N = 583) who use public houses licensed to sell alcohol (pubs) completed questionnaires assessing alcohol and tobacco consumption and social-cognitive beliefs 2 months prior to the introduction of the smoking ban in England on July 1, 2007. Longitudinal follow-up (N = 272) was 3 months after the introduction of the ban., Main Outcome Measures: Social-cognitive beliefs, daily cigarette consumption, and weekly alcohol consumption., Results: Smokers consumed considerably more alcohol than did nonsmokers at both time points. However, a significant interaction of Smoking Status x Time showed that while smokers had consumed fewer units of alcohol after the ban, nonsmokers showed an increase over the same period. There was a significant reduction in number of cigarettes consumed after the ban. Subjective norms concerning not smoking, and perceived severity of smoking-related illness increased across time. Negative outcomes associated with not smoking were reduced among former smokers and increased across time among smokers. Regression analyses showed that changes in subjective norm and negative outcome expectancies accounted for significant variance in change in smoking across time., Conclusion: Results suggest that the smoking ban may have positive health benefits that are supported by social-cognitive change., (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2009 APA, all rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. Cultural differences in the correction of social inferences: Does the dispositional rebound occur in an interdependent culture?
- Author
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Geeraert N and Yzerbyt VY
- Subjects
- Humans, Psychological Theory, Affect, Culture, Interpersonal Relations, Social Behavior, Social Perception
- Abstract
Although social observers have been found to rely heavily on dispositions in their causal analysis, it has been proposed that culture strongly affects this tendency. Recent research has shown that suppressing dispositional inferences during social judgment can lead to a dispositional rebound, that is relying more on dispositional information in subsequent judgments. In the present research, we investigated whether culture also affects this rebound tendency. First, Thai and Belgian participants took part in a typical attitude attribution paradigm. Next, dispositional rebound was assessed by having participants describe a series of pictures. The dispositional rebound occurred for both Belgian and Thai participants when confronted with a forced target, but disappeared for Thai participants when the situational constraints of the target were made salient. The findings are discussed in light of the current cultural models of attribution theory.
- Published
- 2007
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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