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1. Ecosystem consequences of invertebrate decline

Author

Eisenhauer, Nico, primary, Ochoa-Hueso, Raúl, additional, Huang, Yuanyuan, additional, Barry, Kathryn E., additional, Gebler, Alban, additional, Guerra, Carlos A., additional, Hines, Jes, additional, Jochum, Malte, additional, Andraczek, Karl, additional, Bucher, Solveig Franziska, additional, Buscot, François, additional, Ciobanu, Marcel, additional, Chen, Hongmei, additional, Junker, Robert, additional, Lange, Markus, additional, Lehmann, Anika, additional, Rillig, Matthias, additional, Römermann, Christine, additional, Ulrich, Josephine, additional, Weigelt, Alexandra, additional, Schmidt, Anja, additional, and Türke, Manfred, additional

Published
2023
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2. Insect communities under skyglow: diffuse night-time illuminance induces spatio-temporal shifts in movement and predation.

Author

Dyer, Alexander, Ryser, Remo, Brose, Ulrich, Amyntas, Angelos, Bodnar, Nora, Boy, Thomas, Franziska Bucher, Solveig, Cesarz, Simone, Eisenhauer, Nico, Gebler, Alban, Hines, Jes, Kyba, Christopher C. M., Menz, Myles H. M., Rackwitz, Karl, Shatwell, Tom, Terlau, Jördis F., and Hirt, Myriam R.

Subjects
INSECT communities, PREDATION, LUMINOUS flux, RADIO frequency identification systems, ECOSYSTEMS, INSECT locomotion
Abstract

Artificial light at night (ALAN) is predicted to have far-reaching consequences for natural ecosystems given its influence on organismal physiology and behaviour, species interactions and community composition. Movement and predation are fundamental ecological processes that are of critical importance to ecosystem functioning. The natural movements and foraging behaviours of nocturnal invertebrates may be particularly sensitive to the presence of ALAN. However, we still lack evidence of how these processes respond to ALAN within a community context. We assembled insect communities to quantify their movement activity and predation rates during simulated Moon cycles across a gradient of diffuse night-time illuminance including the full range of observed skyglow intensities. Using radio frequency identification, we tracked the movements of insects within a fragmented grassland Ecotron experiment. We additionally quantified predation rates using prey dummies. Our results reveal that even low-intensity skyglow causes a temporal shift in movement activity from day to night, and a spatial shift towards open habitats at night. Changes in movement activity are associated with indirect shifts in predation rates. Spatio-temporal shifts in movement and predation have important implications for ecological networks and ecosystem functioning, highlighting the disruptive potential of ALAN for global biodiversity and the provision of ecosystem services. This article is part of the theme issue 'Light pollution in complex ecological systems'. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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3. Artificial light at night decreases plant diversity and performance in experimental grassland communities.

Author

Bucher, Solveig Franziska, Uhde, Lia, Weigelt, Alexandra, Cesarz, Simone, Eisenhauer, Nico, Gebler, Alban, Kyba, Christopher, Römermann, Christine, Shatwell, Tom, and Hines, Jes

Subjects
PLANT diversity, PLANT performance, ECOSYSTEMS, LIGHT pollution, PLANT conservation, PLANT communities, GRASSLANDS
Abstract

Artificial light at night (ALAN) affects many areas of the world and is increasing globally. To date, there has been limited and inconsistent evidence regarding the consequences of ALAN for plant communities, as well as for the fitness of their constituent species. ALAN could be beneficial for plants as they need light as energy source, but they also need darkness for regeneration and growth. We created model communities composed of 16 plant species sown, exposed to a gradient of ALAN ranging from 'moonlight only' to conditions like situations typically found directly underneath a streetlamp. We measured plant community composition and its production (biomass), as well as functional traits of three plant species from different functional groups (grasses, herbs, legumes) in two separate harvests. We found that biomass was reduced by 33% in the highest ALAN treatment compared to the control, Shannon diversity decreased by 43% and evenness by 34% in the first harvest. Some species failed to establish in the second harvest. Specific leaf area, leaf dry matter content and leaf hairiness responded to ALAN. These responses suggest that plant communities will be sensitive to increasing ALAN, and they flag a need for plant conservation activities that consider impending ALAN scenarios. This article is part of the theme issue 'Light pollution in complex ecological systems'. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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4. Microhabitat conditions remedy heat stress effects on insect activity

Author

Terlau, Jördis F., primary, Brose, Ulrich, additional, Eisenhauer, Nico, additional, Amyntas, Angelos, additional, Boy, Thomas, additional, Dyer, Alexander, additional, Gebler, Alban, additional, Hof, Christian, additional, Liu, Tao, additional, Scherber, Christoph, additional, Schlägel, Ulrike E., additional, Schmidt, Anja, additional, and Hirt, Myriam R., additional

Published
2023
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5. Ecosystem consequences of invertebrate decline

Author

Eisenhauer, Nico, Ochoa-Hueso, Raúl, Huang, Yuanyuan, Barry, Kathryn E., Gebler, Alban, Guerra, Carlos A., Hines, Jes, Jochum, Malte, Andraczek, Karl, Bucher, Solveig Franziska, Buscot, François, Ciobanu, Marcel, Chen, Hongmei, Junker, Robert, Lange, Markus, Lehmann, Anika, Rillig, Matthias, Römermann, Christine, Ulrich, Josephine, Weigelt, Alexandra, Schmidt, Anja, Türke, Manfred, Eisenhauer, Nico, Ochoa-Hueso, Raúl, Huang, Yuanyuan, Barry, Kathryn E., Gebler, Alban, Guerra, Carlos A., Hines, Jes, Jochum, Malte, Andraczek, Karl, Bucher, Solveig Franziska, Buscot, François, Ciobanu, Marcel, Chen, Hongmei, Junker, Robert, Lange, Markus, Lehmann, Anika, Rillig, Matthias, Römermann, Christine, Ulrich, Josephine, Weigelt, Alexandra, Schmidt, Anja, and Türke, Manfred

Abstract

Human activities cause substantial changes in biodiversity.1,2 Despite ongoing concern about the implications of invertebrate decline,3,4,5,6,7 few empirical studies have examined the ecosystem consequences of invertebrate biomass loss. Here, we test the responses of six ecosystem services informed by 30 above- and belowground ecosystem variables to three levels of aboveground (i.e., vegetation associated) invertebrate community biomass (100%, 36%, and 0% of ambient biomass) in experimental grassland mesocosms in a controlled Ecotron facility. In line with recent reports on invertebrate biomass loss over the last decade, our 36% biomass treatment also represented a decrease in invertebrate abundance (−70%) and richness (−44%). Moreover, we simulated the pronounced change in invertebrate biomass and turnover in community composition across the season. We found that the loss of invertebrate biomass decreases ecosystem multifunctionality, including two critical ecosystem services, aboveground pest control and belowground decomposition, while harvested plant biomass increases, likely because less energy was channeled up the food chain. Moreover, communities and ecosystem functions become decoupled with a lower biomass of invertebrates. Our study shows that invertebrate loss threatens the integrity of grasslands by decoupling ecosystem processes and decreasing ecosystem-service supply.

Published
2023

7. The iDiv Ecotron—A flexible research platform for multitrophic biodiversity research

Author

Schmidt, Anja, primary, Hines, Jes, additional, Türke, Manfred, additional, Buscot, François, additional, Schädler, Martin, additional, Weigelt, Alexandra, additional, Gebler, Alban, additional, Klotz, Stefan, additional, Liu, Tao, additional, Reth, Sascha, additional, Trogisch, Stefan, additional, Roy, Jacques, additional, Wirth, Christian, additional, and Eisenhauer, Nico, additional

Published
2021
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8. Ecotrons: Powerful and versatile ecosystem analysers for ecology, agronomy and environmental science

Author

Roy, Jacques, Rineau, François, De Boeck, Hans J, Nijs, Ivan, Pütz, Thomas, Abiven, Samuel, Arnone, John A, Barton, Craig V M, Beenaerts, Natalie, Brüggemann, Nicolas, Dainese, Matteo, Domisch, Timo, Eisenhauer, Nico, Garré, Sarah, Gebler, Alban, Ghirardo, Andrea, Jasoni, Richard L, Kowalchuk, George, Landais, Damien, Larsen, Stuart H, Leemans, Vincent, Le Galliard, Jean‐François, Longdoz, Bernard, Massol, Florent, Mikkelsen, Teis N, Niedrist, Georg, Piel, Clément, Ravel, Olivier, Sauze, Joana, Schmidt, Anja, et al, University of Zurich, and Roy, Jacques

Subjects
2300 General Environmental Science, Global and Planetary Change, 10122 Institute of Geography, Ecology, 2304 Environmental Chemistry, 2306 Global and Planetary Change, Environmental Chemistry, 910 Geography & travel, 2303 Ecology, General Environmental Science
Published
2021
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9. Ecotrons: powerful and versatile ecosystem analysers for ecology, agronomy and environmental science

Author

Sub Ecology and Biodiversity, Ecology and Biodiversity, Roy, Jacques, Rineau, François, De Boeck, Hans J., Nijs, Ivan, Pütz, Thomas, Abiven, Samuel, Arnone, John A., Barton, Craig V.m., Beenaerts, Natalie, Brüggemann, Nicolas, Dainese, Matteo, Domisch, Timo, Eisenhauer, Nico, Garré, Sarah, Gebler, Alban, Ghirardo, Andrea, Jasoni, Richard L., Kowalchuk, George, Landais, Damien, Larsen, Stuart H., Leemans, Vincent, Le Galliard, Jean‐françois, Longdoz, Bernard, Massol, Florent, Mikkelsen, Teis N., Niedrist, Georg, Piel, Clément, Ravel, Olivier, Sauze, Joana, Schmidt, Anja, Schnitzler, Jörg‐peter, Teixeira, Leonardo H., Tjoelker, Mark G., Weisser, Wolfgang W., Winkler, J. Barbro, Milcu, Alexandru, Sub Ecology and Biodiversity, Ecology and Biodiversity, Roy, Jacques, Rineau, François, De Boeck, Hans J., Nijs, Ivan, Pütz, Thomas, Abiven, Samuel, Arnone, John A., Barton, Craig V.m., Beenaerts, Natalie, Brüggemann, Nicolas, Dainese, Matteo, Domisch, Timo, Eisenhauer, Nico, Garré, Sarah, Gebler, Alban, Ghirardo, Andrea, Jasoni, Richard L., Kowalchuk, George, Landais, Damien, Larsen, Stuart H., Leemans, Vincent, Le Galliard, Jean‐françois, Longdoz, Bernard, Massol, Florent, Mikkelsen, Teis N., Niedrist, Georg, Piel, Clément, Ravel, Olivier, Sauze, Joana, Schmidt, Anja, Schnitzler, Jörg‐peter, Teixeira, Leonardo H., Tjoelker, Mark G., Weisser, Wolfgang W., Winkler, J. Barbro, and Milcu, Alexandru

Published
2021

10. Ecotrons: Powerful and versatile ecosystem analysers for ecology, agronomy and environmental science

Author

Roy, Jacques; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2275-9870, Rineau, François; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5135-6184, De Boeck, Hans J; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2180-8837, Nijs, Ivan; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3111-680X, Pütz, Thomas; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2101-448X, Abiven, Samuel; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5663-0912, Arnone, John A; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5114-3023, Barton, Craig V M; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0085-0534, Beenaerts, Natalie; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5655-5943, Brüggemann, Nicolas; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3851-2418, Dainese, Matteo; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7052-5572, Domisch, Timo; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7026-1087, Eisenhauer, Nico; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0371-6720, Garré, Sarah; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9025-5282, Gebler, Alban; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7189-1571, Ghirardo, Andrea; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1973-4007, Jasoni, Richard L; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2657-5625, Kowalchuk, George; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3866-0832, Landais, Damien, Larsen, Stuart H; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4595-4858, Leemans, Vincent, Le Galliard, Jean‐François; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5965-9868, Longdoz, Bernard; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7737-8226, Massol, Florent; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5017-121X, Mikkelsen, Teis N; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7470-6522, Niedrist, Georg; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7511-6273, Piel, Clément; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2003-5759, Ravel, Olivier, Sauze, Joana; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8095-299X, Schmidt, Anja; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5339-219X, et al, Roy, Jacques; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2275-9870, Rineau, François; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5135-6184, De Boeck, Hans J; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2180-8837, Nijs, Ivan; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3111-680X, Pütz, Thomas; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2101-448X, Abiven, Samuel; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5663-0912, Arnone, John A; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5114-3023, Barton, Craig V M; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0085-0534, Beenaerts, Natalie; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5655-5943, Brüggemann, Nicolas; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3851-2418, Dainese, Matteo; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7052-5572, Domisch, Timo; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7026-1087, Eisenhauer, Nico; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0371-6720, Garré, Sarah; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9025-5282, Gebler, Alban; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7189-1571, Ghirardo, Andrea; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1973-4007, Jasoni, Richard L; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2657-5625, Kowalchuk, George; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3866-0832, Landais, Damien, Larsen, Stuart H; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4595-4858, Leemans, Vincent, Le Galliard, Jean‐François; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5965-9868, Longdoz, Bernard; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7737-8226, Massol, Florent; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5017-121X, Mikkelsen, Teis N; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7470-6522, Niedrist, Georg; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7511-6273, Piel, Clément; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2003-5759, Ravel, Olivier, Sauze, Joana; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8095-299X, Schmidt, Anja; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5339-219X, and et al

Abstract

Ecosystems integrity and services are threatened by anthropogenic global changes. Mitigating and adapting to these changes require knowledge of ecosystem functioning in the expected novel environments, informed in large part through experimentation and modelling. This paper describes 13 advanced controlled environment facilities for experimental ecosystem studies, herein termed ecotrons, open to the international community. Ecotrons enable simulation of a wide range of natural environmental conditions in replicated and independent experimental units while measuring various ecosystem processes. This capacity to realistically control ecosystem environments is used to emulate a variety of climatic scenarios and soil conditions, in natural sunlight or through broad‐spectrum lighting. The use of large ecosystem samples, intact or reconstructed, minimizes border effects and increases biological and physical complexity. Measurements of concentrations of greenhouse trace gases as well as their net exchange between the ecosystem and the atmosphere are performed in most ecotrons, often quasi continuously. The flow of matter is often tracked with the use of stable isotope tracers of carbon and other elements. Equipment is available for measurements of soil water status as well as root and canopy growth. The experiments ran so far emphasize the diversity of the hosted research. Half of them concern global changes, often with a manipulation of more than one driver. About a quarter deal with the impact of biodiversity loss on ecosystem functioning and one quarter with ecosystem or plant physiology. We discuss how the methodology for environmental simulation and process measurements, especially in soil, can be improved and stress the need to establish stronger links with modelling in future projects. These developments will enable further improvements in mechanistic understanding and predictive capacity of ecotron research which will play, in complementarity with field experimenta

Published
2021

11. Ecotrons: Powerful and versatile ecosystem analysers for ecology, agronomy and environmental science

Author

Roy, Jacques, primary, Rineau, François, additional, De Boeck, Hans J., additional, Nijs, Ivan, additional, Pütz, Thomas, additional, Abiven, Samuel, additional, Arnone, John A., additional, Barton, Craig V. M., additional, Beenaerts, Natalie, additional, Brüggemann, Nicolas, additional, Dainese, Matteo, additional, Domisch, Timo, additional, Eisenhauer, Nico, additional, Garré, Sarah, additional, Gebler, Alban, additional, Ghirardo, Andrea, additional, Jasoni, Richard L., additional, Kowalchuk, George, additional, Landais, Damien, additional, Larsen, Stuart H., additional, Leemans, Vincent, additional, Le Galliard, Jean‐François, additional, Longdoz, Bernard, additional, Massol, Florent, additional, Mikkelsen, Teis N., additional, Niedrist, Georg, additional, Piel, Clément, additional, Ravel, Olivier, additional, Sauze, Joana, additional, Schmidt, Anja, additional, Schnitzler, Jörg‐Peter, additional, Teixeira, Leonardo H., additional, Tjoelker, Mark G., additional, Weisser, Wolfgang W., additional, Winkler, Barbro, additional, and Milcu, Alexandru, additional

Published
2021
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15. Anatomical structures involved in non-human vocalization

Author

Gebler, Alban and Frey, Roland

Subjects
Artikulator, Evolutionstheorie, otorhinolaryngologic diseases, ddc:410, Kehlkopf, Stimmband, Biolinguistik, Artikulation
Abstract

In order to understand the functional morphology of the human voice producing system, we are in need of data on the vocal tract anatomy of other mammalian species. The larynges and vocal tracts of four species of Artiodactyla were investigated in combination with acoustic analyses of their respective calls. Different evolutionary specializations of laryngeal characters may lead to similar effects on sound production. In the investigated species, such specializations are: the elongation and mass increase of the vocal folds, the volume increase of the laryngeal vestibulum by an enlarged thyroid cartilage and the formation of laryngeal ventricles. Both the elongation of the vocal folds and the increase of the oscillating masses lower the fundamental frequency. The influence of an increased volume of the laryngeal vestibulum on sound production remains unclear. The anatomical and acoustic results are presented together with considerations about the habitats and the mating systems of the respective species.

Published
2013

16. Anatomical structures involved in non-human vocalization

Author

Gebler, Alban and Frey, Roland

Subjects
medicine.anatomical_structure, Functional morphology, Vocal folds, Anatomical structures, otorhinolaryngologic diseases, medicine, Anatomy, Sound production, Biology, Thyroid cartilage, Human voice, Vocal tract
Abstract

In order to understand the functional morphology of the human voice producing system, we are in need of data on the vocal tract anatomy of other mammalian species. The larynges and vocal tracts of four species of Artiodactyla were investigated in combination with acoustic analyses of their respective calls. Different evolutionary specializations of laryngeal characters may lead to similar effects on sound production. In the investigated species, such specializations are: the elongation and mass increase of the vocal folds, the volume increase of the laryngeal vestibulum by an enlarged thyroid cartilage and the formation of laryngeal ventricles. Both the elongation of the vocal folds and the increase of the oscillating masses lower the fundamental frequency. The influence of an increased volume of the laryngeal vestibulum on sound production remains unclear. The anatomical and acoustic results are presented together with considerations about the habitats and the mating systems of the respective species., ZAS Papers in Linguistics, Bd. 40 (2005): Speech production and perception: experimental analyses and models

Published
2005
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22. Mobile larynx in Mongolian gazelle: Retraction of the larynx during rutting barks in male Mongolian gazelle (Procapra gutturosa Pallas, 1777).

Author

Frey R, Gebler A, Olson KA, Odonkhuu D, Fritsch G, Batsaikhan N, and Stuermer IW

Subjects
Animals, Antelopes physiology, Female, Male, Sexual Behavior, Animal physiology, Vocal Cords physiology, Antelopes anatomy & histology, Laryngeal Muscles physiology, Larynx anatomy & histology, Larynx physiology, Vocalization, Animal
Abstract

This study provides the first evidence of pronounced temporary laryngeal descent in a bovid species. An elaborate acoustic display is prominent in male courtship behavior of polygynous Mongolian gazelle. During rut, rounding up of females is accompanied by continuous head-up barking by dominant males. Throughout the rut their evolutionarily enlarged larynx descends to a low mid-neck resting position. In the course of each bark the larynx is additionally retracted toward the sternum by 30% of the resting vocal tract length. A geometric model of active larynx movements was constructed by combining results of video documentation, dissection, skeletonization, and behavioral observation. The considerable distance between resting position and maximal laryngeal descent suggests a backward tilting of the hyoid apparatus and an extension of the thyrohyoid connection during the retraction phase. Return to the resting position is effected by strap muscles and by the elastic recoil of the pharynx and the thyrohyoid connection. An intrapharyngeal inflation of the peculiar palatinal pharyngeal pouch of adult males is inferred from a short-time expansion of the ventral neck region rostral to the laryngeal prominence. The neck of adult dominant males is accentuated by long gray guard hairs during the rut. The passive swinging of the heavy larynx of adult males during locomotion gives the impression of a handicap imposed on rutting males. Apparently, this disadvantage becomes outweighed by the profits for reproductive success., ((c) 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc.)

Published
2008
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