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2. Moisture Transformation in Warm Air Intrusions Into the Arctic: Process Attribution With Stable Water Isotopes.

Author

Brunello, C.F., Gebhardt, F., Rinke, A., Dütsch, M., Bucci, S., Meyer, H., Mellat, M., and Werner, M.

Subjects
*ATMOSPHERIC boundary layer, *COMPOSITION of water, *WATER vapor, *VAPOR-plating, *HYDROLOGIC cycle, *DEW
Abstract

Warm Airmass Intrusions (WAIs) from the mid‐latitudes significantly impact the Arctic water budget. Here, we combine water vapor isotope measurements from the MOSAiC expedition, with a Lagrangian‐based process attribution diagnostic to track moisture transformation in the central Arctic Ocean during two WAIs, under contrasting sea‐ice concentrations (SIC). During winter with high SIC, two moisture supplies are identified. The first is Arctic moisture, locally‐sourced over the sea ice, with isotopic composition influenced by kinetic fractionation during ice‐cloud formation and vapor deposition. This moisture is rapidly overprinted by low‐latitude moisture advected poleward during WAI. In summer under low SIC, moisture is supplied through evaporation from land and ocean, with moisture removal via liquid‐cloud and dew formation. The isotopic composition reflects the influence of higher relative humidity at the evaporation sites. Given the projected increase of frequency and duration of WAIs, our study contributes to assessing process changes in the Arctic water cycle. Plain Language Summary: The movement of warm and moist airmasses from lower latitudes has a big effect on the Arctic climate system. We used data from the MOSAiC drift expedition, where we measured the isotopic composition of water vapor. Water isotopes are powerful tracers of where moisture came from and how it changed during the transport. We focused on two specific warm air intrusions, occurring in February and September 2020 respectively, when the amount of sea ice was different. During the winter, the isotopic composition of the airmasses was primarily influenced by in‐Arctic moisture exchanges over sea ice. This local moisture was swiftly replaced by isotopically‐distinct warmer and moister airmasses coming from lower latitudes during the warm intrusion. In summer, when there was less sea ice, we found that water came mainly from ocean evaporation with additional land evaporation during the air intrusion. The isotopic composition of vapor was influenced by how humid the places it came from were. As warm air intrusions are expected to happen more often and last longer in the future, our study helps us understand how they affect the Arctic water cycle. Key Points: Transformation of moist airmasses and their isotopic composition during warm air intrusions depends on sea‐ice extentIn winter, warm air intrusions suppress ice‐cloud formation and kinetic isotopic fractionation over sea iceIn summer, d‐excess is driven by vapor pressure gradients between ocean skin layer and the lower atmosphere at the evaporative sites [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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19. In vitro susceptibility to 19 agents other than beta-lactams among third-generation cephalosporin-resistant Enterobacteriaceae recovered on hospital admission

Author

Mischnik, A., Baumert, P., Hamprecht, A., Rohde, A. M., Peter, S., Feihl, S., Knobloch, J., Goelz, H., Kola, A., Obermann, B., Querbach, C., Willmann, M., Gebhardt, F., Tacconelli, E., Gastmeier, P., Seifert, H., Kern, W. V., Mischnik, A., Baumert, P., Hamprecht, A., Rohde, A. M., Peter, S., Feihl, S., Knobloch, J., Goelz, H., Kola, A., Obermann, B., Querbach, C., Willmann, M., Gebhardt, F., Tacconelli, E., Gastmeier, P., Seifert, H., and Kern, W. V.

Abstract

Objectives: As part of the multicentre Antibiotic Therapy Optimisation Study, MIC values of 19 non-b-lactam agents were determined for third-generation cephalosporin-resistant Escherichia coli, Klebsiella species and Enterobacter species (3GCREB) isolates collected in German hospitals. Methods: A total of 328 E. coli, 35 Klebsiella spp. (1 Klebsiella oxytoca and 34 Klebsiella pneumoniae) and 16 Enterobacter spp. (1 Enterobacter aerogenes and 15 Enterobacter cloacae) isolates were submitted to broth microdilution antimicrobial susceptibility testing with the MICRONAUT system. MICs of fluoroquinolones (levofloxacin and moxifloxacin), aminoglycosides (gentamicin, tobramycin, amikacin, streptomycin, neomycin and paromomycin), tetracyclines (tetracycline, minocycline and tigecycline), macrolides (erythromycin, clarithromycin and azithromycin) and miscellaneous agents [trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, chloramphenicol, nitrofurantoin, colistin and fosfomycin intravenous (iv)] were determined and reviewed against 2016 EUCAST breakpoints. Results: The MIC of levofloxacin was >2 mg/L for 128 of 328 E. coli and 8 of 35 Klebsiella spp., but only 1 of 16 Enterobacter spp. Rates of resistance to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole were high (>70%), except for Enterobacter spp. Rates of resistance to colistin and fosfomycin iv were still low. About 20% of the tested isolates were resistant to chloramphenicol. Only 1 (of 328) E. coli isolate had an MIC of amikacin >16 mg/L and only 33 of 328 E. coli and 1 of 35 Klebsiella spp. had an MIC of tobramycin >4 mg/L, whereas average gentamicin MICs were in general more elevated. A tigecycline MIC.2 mg/L was only found for 1 of 16 Enterobacter spp., but in none of the E. coli or Klebsiella spp. isolates. Conclusions: Our study gives insight into previously unreported non-b-lactam MIC distributions of 3GCREB isolates.

Published
2017

21. In vitrosusceptibility to 19 agents other than β-lactams among third-generation cephalosporin-resistant Enterobacteriaceae recovered on hospital admission

Author

Mischnik, A., primary, Baumert, P., additional, Hamprecht, A., additional, Rohde, A. M., additional, Peter, S., additional, Feihl, S., additional, Knobloch, J., additional, Gölz, H., additional, Kola, A., additional, Obermann, B., additional, Querbach, C., additional, Willmann, M., additional, Gebhardt, F., additional, Tacconelli, E., additional, Gastmeier, P., additional, Seifert, H., additional, and Kern, W. V., additional

Published
2017
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22. Colonization with third-generation cephalosporin-resistant Enterobacteriaceae on hospital admission: prevalence and risk factors

Author

Hamprecht, A., Rohde, A. M., Behnke, M., Feihl, S., Gastmeier, P., Gebhardt, F., Kern, W. V., Knobloch, J. K., Mischnik, A., Obermann, B., Querbach, C., Peter, S., Schneider, C., Schroeder, W., Schwab, F., Tacconelli, E., Wiese-Posselt, M., Wille, T., Willmann, M., Seifert, H., Zweigner, J., Hamprecht, A., Rohde, A. M., Behnke, M., Feihl, S., Gastmeier, P., Gebhardt, F., Kern, W. V., Knobloch, J. K., Mischnik, A., Obermann, B., Querbach, C., Peter, S., Schneider, C., Schroeder, W., Schwab, F., Tacconelli, E., Wiese-Posselt, M., Wille, T., Willmann, M., Seifert, H., and Zweigner, J.

Abstract

The objectives of this study were to prospectively assess the rectal carriage rate of third-generation cephalosporin-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (3GCREB) in non-ICU patients on hospital admission and to investigate resistance mechanisms and risk factors for carriage. Adult patients were screened for 3GCREB carriage at six German tertiary care hospitals in 2014 using rectal swabs or stool samples. 3GCREB isolates were characterized by phenotypic and molecular methods. Each patient answered a questionnaire about potential risk factors for colonization with MDR organisms (MDROs). Univariable and multivariable risk factor analyses were performed to identify factors associated with 3GCREB carriage. Of 4376 patients, 416 (9.5%) were 3GCREB carriers. Escherichia coli was the predominant species (79.1%). ESBLs of the CTX-M-1 group (67.3%) and the CTX-M-9 group (16.8%) were the most frequent beta-lactamases. Five patients (0.11%) were colonized with carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae. The following risk factors were significantly associated with 3GCREB colonization in the multivariable analysis (P<0.05): centre; previous MDRO colonization (OR=2.12); antibiotic use within the previous 6 months (OR=2.09); travel outside Europe (OR=2.24); stay in a long-term care facility (OR=1.33); and treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) (OR=1.22). To our knowledge, this is the largest admission prevalence study of 3GCREB in Europe. The observed prevalence of 9.5% 3GCREB carriage was higher than previously reported and differed significantly among centres. In addition to previously identified risk factors, the treatment of GERD proved to be an independent risk factor for 3GCREB colonization.

Published
2016

24. Colonization with third-generation cephalosporin-resistant Enterobacteriaceae on hospital admission: prevalence and risk factors

Author

Hamprecht, A., primary, Rohde, A. M., additional, Behnke, M., additional, Feihl, S., additional, Gastmeier, P., additional, Gebhardt, F., additional, Kern, W. V., additional, Knobloch, J. K., additional, Mischnik, A., additional, Obermann, B., additional, Querbach, C., additional, Peter, S., additional, Schneider, C., additional, Schröder, W., additional, Schwab, F., additional, Tacconelli, E., additional, Wiese-Posselt, M., additional, Wille, T., additional, Willmann, M., additional, Seifert, H., additional, and Zweigner, J., additional

Published
2016
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43. Choosing among competing generalizations

Author

Gebhardt, F. and Publica

Subjects
explorative Datenanalyse, Human-Computer Interaction, Generalisierung, EXPLORA, Hardware and Architecture, General Engineering, Human Factors and Ergonomics, Software, Education
Published
1991
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45. In vitro susceptibility to 19 agents other than β-lactams among third-generation cephalosporin-resistant Enterobacteriaceae recovered on hospital admission.

Author

Mischnik, A., Baumert, P., Hamprecht, A., Rohde, A. M., Peter, S., Feihl, S., Knobloch, J., Gölz, H., Kola, A., Obermann, B., Querbach, C., Willmann, M., Gebhardt, F., Tacconelli, E., Gastmeier, P., Seifert, H., Kern, W. V., and DZIF-ATHOS Study Group

Subjects
LACTAMS, ENTEROBACTERIACEAE, CEPHALOSPORINS, CO-trimoxazole, CHLORAMPHENICOL, THERAPEUTICS, ANTIBIOTICS, BETA lactam antibiotics, COMPARATIVE studies, DRUG resistance in microorganisms, ESCHERICHIA coli, GRAM-negative bacteria, HOSPITAL care, HYDROLASES, KLEBSIELLA, RESEARCH methodology, MEDICAL cooperation, MICROBIAL sensitivity tests, RESEARCH, TETRACYCLINE, EVALUATION research, SPECIALTY hospitals, ENTEROBACTERIACEAE diseases, MINOCYCLINE, COLISTIN, PHARMACODYNAMICS
Abstract

Objectives: As part of the multicentre Antibiotic Therapy Optimisation Study, MIC values of 19 non-β-lactam agents were determined for third-generation cephalosporin-resistant Escherichia coli , Klebsiella species and Enterobacter species (3GCREB) isolates collected in German hospitals.Methods: A total of 328 E. coli , 35 Klebsiella spp. (1 Klebsiella oxytoca and 34 Klebsiella pneumoniae ) and 16 Enterobacter spp. (1 Enterobacter aerogenes and 15 Enterobacter cloacae ) isolates were submitted to broth microdilution antimicrobial susceptibility testing with the MICRONAUT system. MICs of fluoroquinolones (levofloxacin and moxifloxacin), aminoglycosides (gentamicin, tobramycin, amikacin, streptomycin, neomycin and paromomycin), tetracyclines (tetracycline, minocycline and tigecycline), macrolides (erythromycin, clarithromycin and azithromycin) and miscellaneous agents [trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, chloramphenicol, nitrofurantoin, colistin and fosfomycin intravenous (iv)] were determined and reviewed against 2016 EUCAST breakpoints.Results: The MIC of levofloxacin was >2 mg/L for 128 of 328 E. coli and 8 of 35 Klebsiella spp., but only 1 of 16 Enterobacter spp. Rates of resistance to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole were high (>70%), except for Enterobacter spp. Rates of resistance to colistin and fosfomycin iv were still low. About 20% of the tested isolates were resistant to chloramphenicol. Only 1 (of 328) E. coli isolate had an MIC of amikacin >16 mg/L and only 33 of 328 E. coli and 1 of 35 Klebsiella spp. had an MIC of tobramycin >4 mg/L, whereas average gentamicin MICs were in general more elevated. A tigecycline MIC >2 mg/L was only found for 1 of 16 Enterobacter spp., but in none of the E. coli or Klebsiella spp. isolates.Conclusions: Our study gives insight into previously unreported non-β-lactam MIC distributions of 3GCREB isolates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2017
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46. Modulation of EGFR gene transcription by secondary structures, a polymorphic repetitive sequence and mutations - a link between genetics and epigenetics

Author

Gebhardt, F., Burger, H., and Burkhard Brandt

Subjects
Gene transcription, 5 - Ciencias puras y naturales::57 - Biología::576 - Biología celular y subcelular. Citología [CDU], EGFR, Loss of heterozygosity, CA repeats, Gene regulation
Abstract

The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) plays a crucial role in growth, differentiation and motility of normal as well as tumor cells. The transduction of extracellular signals to the cytoplasm via the receptor not only depends on ligand binding, but is also determined by the receptor density on the cell surface. Therefore , in terms of cancer diagnosis and therapeutic approaches targeting EGFR it is decisive to know how the expression level of EGFR is controlled. We found that transcription activity declines with increasing numbers of CA dinucleotides of a highly polymorphic CA repeat in the first intron epidermal growth factor receptor gene. In vivo data from cultured cell lines support these findings, although other regulation mechanisms can compensate this effect. In addition, we showed that RNA elongation terminates at a site closely downstream of the simple sequence repeat (SSR) and that there are two separate major transcription start sites. Model calculations for the helical DNA conformation revealed a high bend ability in the EGFR polymorphic region, es pecially if the CA stretch is extended. These data suggest that the CA-SSR can act like a joint bringing the promoter in proximity to a putative repressor protein bound downstream of the CASSR. The data suggest that this polymorphism is a marker for cancer linking genetic and epigenetic risk. Furthermore in breast cancer, heterozygous tumours with short CA-SSR showed an elevated EGFR-expression in contrast to tumours with longer CA-SSR. Tumours with loss of heterozygosity in intron 1 of egfr revealed an increased EGFR expression if the longer allele was lost. Moreover, deceased egfr gene dosages were significantly correlated to poor prognosis in breast cancer.

Published
2000

47. Survey on cluster tests for spatial area data

Author

Gebhardt, F. and Publica

Abstract

Geografische Daten weisen gewöhnlich eine gewisse räumliche Abhängigkeit auf, eine räumliche Autokorrelation. Daher ist man an Maßen für diese Abhängigkeit interessiert und an Tests auf Abweichungen von Zufälligkeit. Mehrere solche Tests existieren; diese werden hier gesammelt und verglichen, getrennt für binäre und reelle Variablen. Unter ihnen sind die Schwarz-schwarz-Zählung (black-black count, Nachbarschaften zwischen schwarz markierten Distrikten), die Schwarz-weiß-Zählung, Morans I, Gearys c und die Getis-Ord-Statistiken, ferner einige neue Vorschläge, nämlich eine Variante der Schwarz-schwarz-Zählung und Statistiken auf der Basis von Clustern, die durch Tripletts von Distrikten definiert werden. Ferner werden neue Ergebnisse zur Verteilung von Morans I und seiner lokalen Version vorgestellt, die auf umfangreichen Simulationen beruhen. Danach ist Morans I einigermaßen normalverteilt und erstaunlich unabhängig von der zugrundeliegenden Verteilung der Ausgangswerte der einzelnen Distrikte; dagegen ist die Verteilung der lokalen Version sehr weit von der Normalverteilung entfernt und in starkem Maße von der Verteilung der Ausgangswerte abhängig. Den Simulationen liegen etliche Bereiche mit 37 bis 327 Distrikten zugrunde.

Published
1998

48. Lectures

Author

Chen, D. S., primary, Feltquate, D. M., additional, Smothers, F., additional, Hoos, A., additional, Langermann, S., additional, Marshall, S., additional, May, R., additional, Fleming, M., additional, Hodi, F. S., additional, Senderowicz, A., additional, Wiman, K. G., additional, de Dosso, S., additional, Fiedler, W., additional, Gianni, L., additional, Cresta, S., additional, Schulze-Bergkamen, H. B., additional, Gurrieri, L., additional, Salzberg, M., additional, Dietrich, B., additional, Danielczyk, A., additional, Baumeister, H., additional, Goletz, S., additional, Sessa, C., additional, Strumberg, D., additional, Schultheis, B., additional, Santel, A., additional, Gebhardt, F., additional, Meyer-Sabellek, W., additional, Keil, O., additional, Giese, K., additional, Kaufmann, J., additional, Maio, M., additional, Choy, G., additional, Covre, A., additional, Parisi, G., additional, Nicolay, H., additional, Fratta, E., additional, Fonsatti, E., additional, Sigalotti, L., additional, Coral, S., additional, Taverna, P., additional, Azab, M., additional, Deutsch, E., additional, Lepechoux, C., additional, Pignon, J. P., additional, Tao, Y. T., additional, Rivera, S., additional, Bourgier, B. C., additional, Angokai, M., additional, Bahleda, R., additional, Slimane, K., additional, Angevin, E., additional, Besse, B. B., additional, Soria, J. C., additional, Dragnev, K., additional, Beumer, J. H., additional, Anyang, B., additional, Ma, T., additional, Galimberti, F., additional, Erkmen, C. P., additional, Nugent, W., additional, Rigas, J., additional, Abraham, K., additional, Johnstone, D., additional, Memoli, V., additional, Dmitrovsky, E., additional, Voest, E. E., additional, Siu, L., additional, Janku, F., additional, Tsimberidou, A., additional, Kurzrock, R., additional, Tabernero, J., additional, Rodon, J., additional, Berger, R., additional, Onn, A., additional, Batist, G., additional, Bresson, C., additional, Lazar, V., additional, Molenaar, J. J., additional, Koster, J., additional, Ebus, M., additional, Zwijnenburg, D. A., additional, van Sluis, P., additional, Lamers, F., additional, Schild, L., additional, van der Ploeg, I., additional, Caron, H. N., additional, Versteeg, R., additional, Pouyssegur, J., additional, Marchiq, I., additional, Chiche, J., additional, Roux, D., additional, Le Floch, R., additional, Critchlow, S. E., additional, Wooster, R. F., additional, Agresta, S., additional, Yen, K. E., additional, Janne, P. A., additional, Plummer, E. R., additional, Trinchieri, G., additional, Ellis, L., additional, Chan, S. L., additional, Yeo, W., additional, Chan, A. T., additional, Mouliere, F., additional, El Messaoudi, S., additional, Gongora, C., additional, Lamy, P. J., additional, del Rio, M., additional, Lopez-Crapez, E., additional, Gillet, B., additional, Mathonnet, M., additional, Pezet, D., additional, Ychou, M., additional, Thierry, A. R., additional, Ribrag, V., additional, Vainchenker, W., additional, Constantinescu, S., additional, Keilhack, H., additional, Umelo, I. A., additional, Noeparast, A., additional, Chen, G., additional, Renard, M., additional, Geers, C., additional, Vansteenkiste, J., additional, Teugels, E., additional, de Greve, J., additional, Rixe, O., additional, Qi, X., additional, Chu, Z., additional, Celerier, J., additional, Leconte, L., additional, Minet, N., additional, Pakradouni, J., additional, Kaur, B., additional, Cuttitta, F., additional, Wagner, A. J., additional, Zhang, Y. X., additional, Sicinska, E., additional, Czaplinski, J. T., additional, Remillard, S. P., additional, Demetri, G. D., additional, Weng, S., additional, Debussche, L., additional, Agoni, L., additional, Reddy, E. P., additional, Guha, C., additional, Silence, K., additional, Thibault, A., additional, de Haard, H., additional, Dreier, T., additional, Ulrichts, P., additional, Moshir, M., additional, Gabriels, S., additional, Luo, J., additional, Carter, C., additional, Rajan, A., additional, Khozin, S., additional, Thomas, A., additional, Lopez-Chavez, A., additional, Brzezniak, C., additional, Doyle, L., additional, Keen, C., additional, Manu, M., additional, Raffeld, M., additional, Giaccone, G., additional, Lutzker, S., additional, Melief, J. M., additional, Eckhardt, S. G., additional, Trusolino, L., additional, Migliardi, G., additional, Zanella, E. R., additional, Cottino, F., additional, Galimi, F., additional, Sassi, F., additional, Marsoni, S., additional, Comoglio, P. M., additional, Bertotti, A., additional, Hidalgo, M., additional, Weroha, S. J., additional, Haluska, P., additional, Becker, M. A., additional, Harrington, S. C., additional, Goodman, K. M., additional, Gonzalez, S. E., additional, al Hilli, M., additional, Butler, K. A., additional, Kalli, K. R., additional, Oberg, A. L., additional, Huijbers, I. J., additional, Bin Ali, R., additional, Pritchard, C., additional, Cozijnsen, M., additional, Proost, N., additional, Song, J. Y., additional, Krimpenfort, P., additional, Michalak, E., additional, Jonkers, J., additional, Berns, A., additional, Banerji, U., additional, Stewart, A., additional, Thavasu, P., additional, Banerjee, S., additional, and Kaye, S. B., additional

Published
2013
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