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The grasshopper Subfamily Gomphomastacinae (Orthoptera: Acridoidea: Eumastacidae) is widely distributed in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and Central Asia. This paper describes three new species: Ptygomastax nihilsulcus Ge, sp. nov. Phytomastax pentaspinula Ge, sp. nov. and Pentaspinula unispinula Ge, sp. nov. of the subfamily from the eastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, along with an updated identification key of species of the related genera. Detail figures of the body and genitalia of the new species are also provided.

Phytomastax pentaspinula Ge, sp. nov. Material examined. Holotype: 1 ♂, paratypes: 2 ♂, 3 ♀. China, Jiangda (Tibet), 3903 m, (31°63’94’’N 98°43’67’’E), August 2020. Coll. Jun-Jie Ge, Ke-Yao Zhang & Kuo Sun; deposited in the Zoological and Botanical Museum, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, China. (ZBM). Description. Male (Fig. 2). Body size small, head distinctly higher than pronotum, shorter than the length of pronotum; vertex slightly prominent between the eyes, median keel distinct, anterior margin and lateral margin of vertex with distinct keels; face oblique in profile, forming a round fastigium; frontal ridge sulcate and widened margins between antennae, constricted above the lateral ocellus and below the median ocellus, prominent between antennae basal in profile; antennae clavate, with 21 segments and apical six segments distinctly wider, distinctly longer than front femur; eyes oval, longitudinal diameter is 1.4 times than the horizontal diameter and 1.3 times than the length of subocular furrow; pronotum flattened, with distinct median and lateral keels, lateral keels irregularly curved, its anterior margin incised mesally forming a triangular structure, its apex being in continuity with the median keel, mesosternal interspace almost 3 times wider than long; metasternum lobes adjacent; wings, sound producing organ and tympanum absent; hind femur 5 times longer than its width, upper median keel smooth with one apical spine; lower and upper lobes of hind knee above with short spines; hind tibia with 17 spines on outer and inner sides, external apical spine present, inner spurs length different, upper spur length 1.67 times longer than lower spur, first segment of hind tarsus above with 3 inner and 4 outer teeth; arolium tiny; tergum with distinct median and lateral keels; tympanal organ absent; epiproct small triangle, cerci long conical, slightly longer than epiproct, subgenital plate short conical (Fig. 2E); epiphallus bridged, lophi slender and hook-like, lateral plate wide and short, with small flaky structure on lateral side (Fig. 2G); phallic structure simple, forming a U-shaped, dorsal with two flaky structures, apical valves of penis hook-like (Fig. 2H). Female. Similar to male but larger and more robust; tergum lateral keels distinct; cerci long conical with acute apex; outer side of dorsal valves with serrate teeth, apex acute; outer side of ventral valves with big teeth, apex hooklike; the middle of posterior margin of subgenital plate with conical prominent, acute apex (Fig. 2F). Coloration. Body dark-brown; apical second to sixth segments of antennae black-brown, apical first segment antennae yellow; sternum and tergum yellowish; a yellowish-brown band running along the dorsal surface of the mesothorax and continuing to the eighth abdominal segment; anterior, median and hind femurs with gray and darkbrownish stripe; epiproct and cerci yellowish. Habitat. Alpine brushwood. Measurements. Body length: ♂ 13.8-14.3 mm, ♀ 17.3-17.8 mm; pronotum length: ♂ 1.6-1.8 mm, ♀ 1.9-2.0 mm; hind femur: ♂ 8.5-8.8 mm, ♀ 9.4-10.1 mm. Diagnosis. Antennae 21 segments. Hind femur with 5 spines. Epiphallus bridged, lophi slender and hook-like, lateral plate wide and short, with small flaky structure on lateral side; phallic structure simple, forming a U-shaped, dorsal with two flaky structures, apical valves of penis hook-like. The new species Phytomastax pentaspinula sp. nov. is similar to Phytomastax tianshanensis Zheng et Xi, 1994 China, Xinjiang, Tekes. Some of the characteristic differences are shown in Table 2.

Pentaspinula unispinula Ge, sp. nov. Material examined. Holotype: 1 ♂. China, Jiangda (Tibet), 4345 m, (31��34���49������N 98��05���52������E), August, 2020. Coll. Jun-Jie Ge, Ke-Yao Zhang & Kuo Sun; deposited in the Zoological and Botanical Museum, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi���an, China. (ZBM). Description. Male (Fig. 3). Body compressed, with smaller size; head shorter than the length of pronotum, fastigium of vertex with truncate apex, slightly prominent between the eyes, median keel distinct, anterior margin and lateral margin of vertex with distinct keels, face oblique in profile, forming a blunt angle fastigium; frontal ridge sulcate and widened at vertex, constricted above the lateral ocellus and parallel to median ocellus, constricted under median ocellus and parallel to clypeus, prominent between antennae; antennae clavate, longer than head and pronotum together and 15 segments; eyes oval, longitudinal diameter is 1.4 times than the horizontal diameter and 1.2 times than the length of subocular furrow; pronotum flattened, with distinct median keel and irregular lateral keels, its anterior margin subtruncate, posterior margin strongly incised mesally, forming a triangular structure, its apex being in continuity with the median keel; width of mesosternum lobes interspace almost 4 times than length; wings, sound producing organ and tympanum absent; hind femur 4.8 times longer than its width, upper median keel smooth, with one spine; hind tibia with 12 outer and 11 inner spines; apex of the lower outer side with one spine near the lower spur, inner side spurs length different, upper spur length 1.5 times longer than lower spur, outer side spurs length equal; first segment of hind tarsus above with one inner and three outer teeth; arolium of tarsus tiny; tergum with distinct median and lateral keels; epiproct triangle, apex slightly narrow; cerci long conical, apex blunt, its length more than tip of epiproct; subgenital plate short conical (Fig. 3C); epiphallus bridged, lophi slender and hook-like, lateral plate wide and short, with flaky structure on lateral side (Fig. 3D); phallic structure simple, forming a U-shaped, dorsal with two small flaky structures, apical valves of penis hook-like (Fig. 3E). Female unknown. Coloration. Body dark-brown; apical second to sixth segments of antennae black-brown, apical first segment antennae yellowish; sternum and tergum yellowish-brown; anterior, median and hind femurs with gray and darkbrown stripe; a yellowish-brown band running along the dorsal surface of the mesothorax and continuing to the eighth abdominal segment; epiproct and cerci brownish. Habitat. Alpine brushwood. Measurements. Body length: ♂ 11.4 mm; pronotum length: ♂ 1.5 mm; hind femur: ♂ 7.8 mm. Diagnosis. Antennae 15 segments. Hind femur with 1 spine. Epiphallus bridged, lophi slender and hook-like, lateral plate wide and short, with flaky structure on lateral side; phallic structure simple, forming a U-shaped, dorsal with two small flaky structures, apical valves of penis hook-like. The new species Pentaspinula unispinula sp. nov. is similar to Pentaspinula calcara Yin, 1979 China, Tibet, Pulan. Some of the characteristic differences are shown in Table 3., Published as part of Ge, Jun-Jie, Agrippine, Yetchom Fondjo Jeanne, Xu, Sheng-Quan & Huang, Huateng, 2021, Description of three new species of Gomphomastacinae (Orthoptera Eumastacoidea) from the east of Qinghai-Tibet plateau, China, pp. 419-427 in Zootaxa 5068 (3) on page 425, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5068.3.6, http://zenodo.org/record/5707029

Revised identification key of Gomphomastacinae genera of China. 1. Antennae longer, with 25 segments, its length longer than hind femur....... Gomphomastax Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1898. 1��� Antennae shorter, with 11~22 segments, its length not longer than hind femur..................................... 2 2. Apex of hind femur without spine........................................................................ 3 2��� Apex of the hind femur with 1~5 spines................................................................... 6 3. Antennae shorter, with 11 segments, its length almost as long as width; head not exceeding compound eyes............................................................................................ Myrmeleomastax Yin, 1984. 3��� Antennae shorter, with 12~19 segments, its length longer than width; head exceeding compound eyes.................. 4 4. Antennae shorter, with 19 segments, reaching the basal part of hind femur in male; face with promontory, parallel on both sides................................................................................................................................................................................... Sinomastax Yin, 1984. 4��� Antennae shorter, with 12~15 segments, not reaching the basal part of hind femur in male; promontory of face wider between antennae............................................................................................. 5 5. Antennae 13~15 segments......................................................... Ptygomastax Bienko, 1959. 5��� Antennae 12 segments............................................................ Angulomastax Zheng, 1985. 6. Antennae with 21~24 segments.................................................... Phytomastax Bienko, 1949. 6��� Antennae with 15 segments........................................................... Pentaspinula Yin, 1979., Published as part of Ge, Jun-Jie, Agrippine, Yetchom Fondjo Jeanne, Xu, Sheng-Quan & Huang, Huateng, 2021, Description of three new species of Gomphomastacinae (Orthoptera Eumastacoidea) from the east of Qinghai-Tibet plateau, China, pp. 419-427 in Zootaxa 5068 (3) on page 420, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5068.3.6, http://zenodo.org/record/5707029, {"references":["Yin, X. C. (1984) s. n. In: Grasshoppers and locusts from Qinghai-Xizang Plateau of China. Science Press, Beijing, pp. 19 - 24.","Zheng, Z. (1985) A new genus and a new species of Eumastacidae from Qinghai Province. Journal of Shaanxi Normal University Natural Science, 1985 (1), 70 - 73. [in Chinese with English summary]"]}

Ptygomastax nihilsulcus Ge, sp. nov. Material examined. Holotype: 1 ♂, paratypes: 1 ♂, 2 ♀. China, Luhuo (Sichuan), 4229 m, (31°73’89’’N 100°75’33’’E), August, 2020. Coll. Jun-Jie Ge, Ke-Yao Zhang & Kuo Sun; deposited in the Zoological and Botanical Museum, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, China. (ZBM). Description. Male (Fig. 1). Body size small, head shorter than the length of pronotum; vertex wide, distinctly prominent between the eyes, median keel distinct; face slightly oblique in profile, forming a rectangular fastigium; frontal ridge sulcate and widened margins between antennae, constricted above the lateral ocellus and below the median ocellus, slightly rounded prominent; antennae clavate, shorter and thicker, with 14 segments and slightly wider in apical part, antennal organ on the tenth segment; eyes oval, longitudinal diameter is 1.4 times than the horizontal diameter and almost of equal diameter with subocular furrow; pronotum flattened, without transverse sulci, median keel sharp and distinct, lateral keels irregularly curved, posterior margin incised mesally forming a triangular structure, its apex being in continuity with the median keel, lateral lobes of pronotum with an oblique keel; wings, sound producing organ and tympanum absent; hind femur 5.2 times longer than its width, median keel of upper side smooth without spine, the lower lobe of knee blunt; hind tibia with 15~17spines on outer side and 11~13 spines on inner side; first segment of hind tarsus with 3 inner and 4 outer spines; with equal claw, arolium of tarsus tiny; tergum with distinct median keel, lateral keels clearly visible before fifth segment; tympanal organ absent; epiproct triangle; cerci long conical, apex blunt, extending to the tip of epiproct; subgenital plate short conical (Fig. 1E); epiphallus bridged, lophi thick and hook-like, lateral plate wide and short, with big flaky structure on lateral side (Fig. 1G); phallic structure simple, forming a U-shaped, dorsal with two big flaky structures, apical valves of penis hook-like (Fig. 1H). Female. Similar to male but larger and more robust; fastigium of vertex bifid on the anterior margin; outer side of dorsal valves with serrate teeth and acute apex; outer side of ventral valves with big teeth, apex hooklike; cerci short conical; the middle of posterior margin of subgenital plate with conical prominent, apex acute (Fig. 1F). Coloration. Body dark-brownish; antennae brown, apical segments of antennae black-brownish; oblique keel on lateral lobe of pronotum yellowish-brown; sternum gray-brown; between median keel and lateral keel of tergum yellow; epiproct and cerci yellowish. Habitat. Alpine brushwood. Measurements. (In mm) Body length: ♂ 14.1-15.4 mm, ♀ 19.1-21.4 mm; pronotum length: ♂ 2.3 mm, ♀ 2.3 mm; hind femur: ♂ 11.1-11.3 mm, ♀ 11.2-11.4 mm. Diagnosis. Antennae 14 segments. Pronotum without transverse sulci. Hind femur without spine. Epiphallus bridged, lophi thick and hook-like, lateral plate wide and short, with big flaky structure on lateral side; phallic structure simple, forming a U-shaped, dorsal with two big flaky structures, apical valves of penis hook-like. The new species Ptygomastax nihilsulcus sp. nov. is similar to Ptygomastax longifemora Yin, 1984 China, Qinghai, Guinan. Some of the characteristic differences are shown in Table 1.

Key to Pentaspinula species 1. Antennae 15 segments, apical of hind femur with 5 spines........................... Pentaspinula calcara Yin, 1979. 1��� Antennae 15 segments, apical of hind femur with 1 spine........................... Pentaspinula unispinula sp. nov., Published as part of Ge, Jun-Jie, Agrippine, Yetchom Fondjo Jeanne, Xu, Sheng-Quan & Huang, Huateng, 2021, Description of three new species of Gomphomastacinae (Orthoptera Eumastacoidea) from the east of Qinghai-Tibet plateau, China, pp. 419-427 in Zootaxa 5068 (3) on page 427, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5068.3.6, http://zenodo.org/record/5707029

Key to Phytomastax species of China 1. Antennae 21 segments................................................................................. 2 1��� Antennae exceed 21 segments........................................................................... 3 2. Antennae 21 segments, equal length to the front femur, apex of hind femur with 3 spines, first segment of hind tarsus above with 5 inner and outer teeth; hind tibia with 22 spines on outer side and 20 on inner side. Phytomastax tianshanensis Zheng et Xi, 1994. 2��� Antennae 21 segments, distinctly longer than front femur, apex of hind femur with 5 spines, first segment of hind tarsus above with 3 inner and 4 outer teeth; hind tibia with 17 spines on outer and inner sides....... Phytomastax pentaspinula sp. nov. 3. Antennae 22 segmented, apex of hind femur with 1 spine, first segment of hind tarsus above with 8 teeth; hind tibia with 15~16 spines on outer side and 18~20 on inner side.................................. Phytomastax qinghaiensis Yin, 1984. 3��� Antennae 24 segments, apex of hind femur with 3 spines, first segment of hind tarsus above with 3 teeth; hind tibia with 15~19 spines on outer side and 14~17 on inner side................................... Phytomastax meiospina Chen, 1981., Published as part of Ge, Jun-Jie, Agrippine, Yetchom Fondjo Jeanne, Xu, Sheng-Quan & Huang, Huateng, 2021, Description of three new species of Gomphomastacinae (Orthoptera Eumastacoidea) from the east of Qinghai-Tibet plateau, China, pp. 419-427 in Zootaxa 5068 (3) on page 424, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5068.3.6, http://zenodo.org/record/5707029, {"references":["Zheng, Z. & Xi, B. (1994) A new species of Phytomastax from China (Orthoptera: Eumastacidae), Acta Entomologica Sinica, 37 (1), 91 - 93.","Yin, X. C. (1984) s. n. In: Grasshoppers and locusts from Qinghai-Xizang Plateau of China. Science Press, Beijing, pp. 19 - 24.","Chen, Y. L. (1981) Study of locusts and grasshoppers from Xinjiang Uighur Autonomous Region. Description of a new species of the genus Phytomastax B. - Bienko (Orthoptera: Eumastacidae). Zoological Research, 2 (1), 67 - 70."]}

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