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The economies of several countries have benefited significantly from the sugarcane industry, as a result of investment in the industry, foreign exchange earnings, the generation of substantial employment, and connections with significant suppliers. Sugarcane industry participants have been forced to find ways to offset high operating costs due to industry pressures. Proper management of wastes generated from sugar production is essential to reduce the environmental burden of pollution. This study reviews physical, chemical, and biological procedures for reusing or recycling wastewater and other sugar industry waste for various applications. Different countries are continuing to invest in industrial sugar waste, for example biomass and wastewater, to generate renewable energy, but limited investment in the sugar industry in African countries has been identified. Some by‐products, including wastewater and filter cake, have been largely unused for the production of energy. The potential to generate bioenergy from sugarcane industry wastewater has been explored. Numerous technologies for obtaining energy from sugarcane wastewater are reviewed, including the reduction of energy needs through waste heat and process heat integration, generating biomass, combustion and gasification, anaerobic digestion for biogas, fermentation for bioethanol, and the direct production of electricity using microbial fuel cells. Reusing and recycling the sugar industry's waste would increase profits, create more job opportunities, and help to boost the global economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study uses the optimal (custom) design to focus on the supermasscolloider wet milling process for synthesizing calcium carbonate nanoparticles from the Achatina Fulica using the optimal (custom) design. The snail shell particle size of 150 μm from dry milling was wet milled to get smaller particle sizes. The response surface design method was used to investigate the effect of independent parameters such as consistency (amount of microparticle loading in calcium carbonate suspension) and the number of runs on the particle size of calcium carbonate produced using a supermasscolloider. Results show that the microparticle loading in calcium carbonate suspension and the number of runs significantly affected the synthesized particles. The increase in microparticle loading reduced the effectiveness of the supermasscolloider blade, resulting in the production of particle sizes ranging from 21- to 40 nm. A higher number of runs with a smaller loading of microparticles in calcium carbonate suspension offered a fine particle size of 21.30 nm. The experimental data quartic polynomial models gave a coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.92. The optimum milling runs of 750 and 1% consistency microparticle loading produced a calcium carbonate nanoparticle size of 21 nm. This technique has shown that calcium carbonate nanoparticles can be produced at low cost, at less period, with low agglomeration from Achatina Fulica shell using supermasscolloider. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The fast fashion trends in the textile industry have resulted in high consumption of fiber with concomitant generation of waste. Awareness of environmental pollution resulting from textile production and disposal has increased significantly. This increase has pushed research activities toward more sustainable recycling alternatives to properly handle the end-of-life of textiles. This review provides an overview of existing technologies, the latest developments, and research studies on the recycling technologies employed in the textile industry. Different types of recycling—mechanical, chemical, and biochemical recycling of standard fabrics used in garments, cotton, wool, polyester, polyamide 6 6, and acrylic—are explored. Recent advances in recycling technologies such as advanced sorting techniques, innovative chemical processing, and emerging biochemical processes are revealed. The review also highlights efforts being made by various agencies and companies in facilitating and employing the technologies on a commercial scale. Various methods for efficient textile waste sorting and identification are also discussed. The reviewed studies revealed that most recycling technologies were conducted on post-industrial textile waste, which tends to be homogenous in the types of dyes and fibers present in the waste. It also suggested that post-consumer textiles could be recycled using chemical and biological options that have the potential to valorize the waste into high-value products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]