48 results on '"Gaze W"'
Search Results
2. Dissipation of the antibiotic sulfamethoxazole in a soil amended with anaerobically digested cattle manure
- Author
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Rauseo, J., Barra Caracciolo, A., Ademollo, N., Cardoni, M., Di Lenola, M., Gaze, W., Stanton, I., Grenni, P., Pescatore, T., Spataro, F., and Patrolecco, L.
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. EPI-Net One Health reporting guideline for antimicrobial consumption and resistance surveillance data: a Delphi approach
- Author
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Babu Rajendran, N., Arieti, F., Mena-Benitez, C. A., Galia, L., Tebon, M., Alvarez, J., Gladstone, B. P., Collineau, L., De Angelis, Giulia, Duro, R., Gaze, W., Gopel, S., Kanj, S. S., Kasbohrer, A., Limmathurotsakul, D., Lopez de Abechuco, E., Mazzolini, E., Mutters, N. T., Pezzani, M. D., Presterl, E., Renk, H., Rodriguez-Bano, J., Sandulescu, O., Scali, F., Skov, R., Velavan, T. P., Vuong, C., Tacconelli, Evelina, Adegnika, A. A., Avery, L., Bonten, M., Cassini, A., Chauvin, C., Compri, M., Damborg, P., De Greeff, S., Del Toro, M. D., Filter, M., Franklin, A., Gonzalez-Zorn, B., Grave, K., Hocquet, D., Hoelzle, L. E., Kalanxhi, E., Laxminarayan, R., Leibovici, L., Malhotra-Kumar, S., Mendelson, M., Paul, M., Munoz Madero, C., Murri, Rita, Piddock, L. J. V., Ruesen, C., Sanguinetti, Maurizio, Schilling, T., Schrijver, R., Schwaber, M. J., Scudeller, L., Torumkuney, D., Van Boeckel, T., Vanderhaeghen, W., Voss, A., Wozniak, T., De Angelis G. (ORCID:0000-0002-7087-7399), Tacconelli E. (ORCID:0000-0001-8722-5824), Murri R. (ORCID:0000-0003-4263-7854), Sanguinetti M. (ORCID:0000-0002-9780-7059), Babu Rajendran, N., Arieti, F., Mena-Benitez, C. A., Galia, L., Tebon, M., Alvarez, J., Gladstone, B. P., Collineau, L., De Angelis, Giulia, Duro, R., Gaze, W., Gopel, S., Kanj, S. S., Kasbohrer, A., Limmathurotsakul, D., Lopez de Abechuco, E., Mazzolini, E., Mutters, N. T., Pezzani, M. D., Presterl, E., Renk, H., Rodriguez-Bano, J., Sandulescu, O., Scali, F., Skov, R., Velavan, T. P., Vuong, C., Tacconelli, Evelina, Adegnika, A. A., Avery, L., Bonten, M., Cassini, A., Chauvin, C., Compri, M., Damborg, P., De Greeff, S., Del Toro, M. D., Filter, M., Franklin, A., Gonzalez-Zorn, B., Grave, K., Hocquet, D., Hoelzle, L. E., Kalanxhi, E., Laxminarayan, R., Leibovici, L., Malhotra-Kumar, S., Mendelson, M., Paul, M., Munoz Madero, C., Murri, Rita, Piddock, L. J. V., Ruesen, C., Sanguinetti, Maurizio, Schilling, T., Schrijver, R., Schwaber, M. J., Scudeller, L., Torumkuney, D., Van Boeckel, T., Vanderhaeghen, W., Voss, A., Wozniak, T., De Angelis G. (ORCID:0000-0002-7087-7399), Tacconelli E. (ORCID:0000-0001-8722-5824), Murri R. (ORCID:0000-0003-4263-7854), and Sanguinetti M. (ORCID:0000-0002-9780-7059)
- Abstract
Strategic and standardised approaches to analysis and reporting of surveillance data are essential to inform antimicrobial resistance (AMR) mitigation measures, including antibiotic policies. Targeted guidance on linking full-scale AMR and antimicrobial consumption (AMC)/antimicrobial residues (AR) surveillance data from the human, animal, and environmental sectors is currently needed. This paper describes the initiative whereby a multidisciplinary panel of experts (56 from 20 countries—52 high income, 4 upper middle or lower income), representing all three sectors, elaborated proposals for structuring and reporting full-scale AMR and AMC/AR surveillance data across the three sectors. An evidence-supported, modified Delphi approach was adopted to reach consensus among the experts for dissemination frequency, language, and overall structure of reporting; core elements and metrics for AMC/AR data; core elements and metrics for AMR data. The recommendations can support multisectoral national and regional plans on antimicrobials policy to reduce resistance rates applying a One Health approach.
- Published
- 2023
4. List of Contributors
- Author
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Abbas, B., primary, Abreu, A., additional, Adams, R., additional, Adolfsson-Erici, M., additional, Afonso, A., additional, Afonso-Olivares, C., additional, Agirbas, E., additional, Aguiló, J.M., additional, Airoldi, L., additional, Aksoy, H., additional, Albentosa, M., additional, Alcaro, L., additional, Aliani, S., additional, Al-Maslamani, I., additional, Alomar, C., additional, Altin, D., additional, Álvarez, E., additional, Amaral-Zettler, L.A., additional, Amato, E., additional, Anderson, A., additional, Andrady, A.L., additional, Andrius, G., additional, Angel, D., additional, Ariese, F., additional, Arp, H.P., additional, Asensio, M., additional, Assidqi, K., additional, Avio, C.G., additional, Aytan, U., additional, Bahri, T., additional, Baini, M., additional, Bakir, A., additional, Ball, H., additional, Baranyi, C., additional, Barboza, L.G.A., additional, Barg, U., additional, Bargelloni, L., additional, Barras, H., additional, Barrera, C., additional, Barria, P., additional, Barrows, A., additional, Barth, A., additional, Batel, A., additional, Baztan, J., additional, Baztan, P., additional, Beiras, R., additional, Benedetti, M., additional, Berber, A.A., additional, Berber, N., additional, Bergmann, M., additional, Berlino, M., additional, Berrow, S., additional, Bessa, F., additional, Besseling, E., additional, Beyer, B., additional, Binaglia, M., additional, Bizjak, T., additional, Bjorndal, K.A., additional, Blust, R., additional, Boertien, M., additional, Bolten, A.B., additional, Booth, A.M., additional, Bounoua, B., additional, Bourseau, P., additional, Brahimi, N., additional, Bramini, M., additional, Brennholt, N., additional, Breuninger, E., additional, Bried, J., additional, Broderick, A., additional, Broglio, E., additional, Browne, M.A., additional, Bruzaud, S., additional, Buceta, J., additional, Buchinger, S., additional, Budimir, S., additional, Budzin-ski, H., additional, Butter, E., additional, Cachot, J., additional, Caetano, M., additional, Callaghan, A., additional, Camedda, A., additional, Capella, S., additional, Cardelli, L., additional, Carpentieri, S., additional, Carrasco, A., additional, Carriço, R., additional, Caruso, A., additional, Cassone, A.-L., additional, Castillo, A., additional, Castro, R.O., additional, Catarino, A.I., additional, Cazenave, P.W., additional, Çelik, İ., additional, Cerralbo, P., additional, César, G., additional, Chouinard, O., additional, Chubarenko, I., additional, Chubarenko, I.P., additional, Cicero, A.M., additional, Clarindo, G., additional, Clarke, B., additional, Clérandeau, C., additional, Clüsener-Godt, M., additional, Codina-García, M., additional, Cole, M., additional, Collard, F., additional, Collignon, A., additional, Collins, T., additional, Compa, M., additional, Conan, P., additional, Constant, M., additional, Cordier, M., additional, Courtene-Jones, W., additional, Cousin, X., additional, Covelo, P., additional, Cózar, A., additional, Crichton, E., additional, Crispi, O., additional, Cronin, M., additional, Croot, P.L., additional, Cruz, M.J., additional, d’Errico, G., additional, Dâmaso, C., additional, Das, K., additional, de Alencastro, L.F., additional, de Araujo, F.V., additional, de Boer, J.F., additional, de Lucia, G.A., additional, Debeljak, P., additional, Dehaut, A., additional, Deudero, S., additional, Devrieses, L., additional, Di Vito, S., additional, Díaz, A., additional, Donohue, J., additional, Doumenq, P., additional, Doyle, T.K., additional, Dris, R., additional, Druon, J.-N., additional, Duarte, C.M., additional, Duflos, G., additional, Dumontier, M., additional, Duncan, E., additional, Dussud, C., additional, Eckerlebe, A., additional, Egelkraut-Holtus, M., additional, Eidsvoll, D.P., additional, Ek, C., additional, Elena, S., additional, Elineau, A., additional, Enevoldsen, H., additional, Eppe, G., additional, Eriksen, M., additional, Ernsteins, R., additional, Espino, M., additional, Estévez-Calvar, N., additional, Ewins, C., additional, Fabre, P., additional, Faimali, M., additional, Fattorini, D., additional, Faure, F., additional, Ferrando, S., additional, Ferreira, J.C., additional, Ferreira-da-Costa, M., additional, Fileman, E., additional, Fischer, M., additional, Fortunato, A.B., additional, Fossi, M.C., additional, Foulon, V., additional, Frank, A., additional, Frenzel, M., additional, Frère, L., additional, Frias, J.P.G.L., additional, Frick, H., additional, Froneman, P.W., additional, Gabet, V.M., additional, Gabrielsen, G.W., additional, Gago, J., additional, Gajst, T., additional, Galgani, F., additional, Gallinari, M., additional, Galloway, T.S., additional, Gamarro, E.G., additional, Gambardella, C., additional, Garaventa, F., additional, Garcia, S., additional, Garrabou, J., additional, Garrido, P., additional, Gary, S.F., additional, Gasperi, J., additional, Gaze, W., additional, Geertz, T., additional, Gelado-Caballero, M.D., additional, George, M., additional, Gercken, J., additional, Gerdts, G., additional, Ghiglione, J.-F., additional, Gies, E., additional, Gilbert, B., additional, Giménez, L., additional, Glassom, D., additional, Glockzin, M., additional, Godley, B., additional, Goede, K., additional, Goksøyr, A., additional, Gómez, M., additional, Gómez-Parra, A., additional, González-Marco, D., additional, González-Solís, J., additional, Gorbi, S., additional, Gorokhova, E., additional, Gorsky, G., additional, Gosch, M., additional, Grose, J., additional, Guebitz, G.M., additional, Guedes-Alonso, R., additional, Guijarro, B., additional, Guilhermino, L., additional, Gundry, T., additional, Gutow, L., additional, Haave, M., additional, Haeckel, M., additional, Haernvall, K., additional, Hajbane, S., additional, Hamann, M., additional, Hämer, J., additional, Hamm, T., additional, Hansen, B.H., additional, Hardesty, B.D., additional, Harth, B., additional, Hartikainen, S., additional, Hassellöv, M., additional, Hatzky, S., additional, Healy, M.G., additional, Hégaret, H., additional, Henry, T.B., additional, Hermabessiere, L., additional, Hernández-Brito, J.J., additional, Hernandez-Gonzalez, A., additional, Hernandez-Milian, G., additional, Hernd, G., additional, Herrera, A., additional, Herring, C., additional, Herzke, D., additional, Heussner, S., additional, Hidalgo-Ruz, V., additional, Himber, C., additional, Holland, M., additional, Hong, N.-H., additional, Horton, A.A., additional, Horvat, P., additional, Huck, T., additional, Huhn, M., additional, Huvet, A., additional, Iglesias, M., additional, Igor, C., additional, Isachenko, I.A., additional, Ivar do Sul, J-A., additional, Jahnke, A., additional, Janis, B., additional, Janis, K., additional, Janis, U., additional, Jemec, A., additional, Jiménez, J.C., additional, Johnsen, H., additional, Jorgensen, B., additional, Jørgensen, J.H., additional, Jörundsdóttir, H., additional, Jung, Y.-J., additional, Kedzierski, M., additional, Keiter, S., additional, Kershaw, P., additional, Kerhervé, P., additional, Kesy, K., additional, Khan, F., additional, Khatmullina, L.I., additional, Kirby, J., additional, Kiriakoulakis, K., additional, Klein, R., additional, Klunderud, T., additional, Knudsen, C.M.H., additional, Knudsen, T.B., additional, Kochleus, C., additional, Koelmans, A.A., additional, Kögel, T., additional, Koistinen, A., additional, Kopke, K., additional, Korez, Š., additional, Kowalski, N., additional, Kreikemeyer, B., additional, Kroon, F., additional, Krumpen, T., additional, Krzan, A., additional, Kržan, A., additional, Labrenz, M., additional, Lacroix, C., additional, Ladirat, L., additional, Laforsch, C., additional, Lagarde, F., additional, Lahive, E., additional, Lambert, C., additional, Lapucci, C., additional, Lattin, G., additional, Law, K.L., additional, Le Roux, F., additional, Le Souef, K., additional, Le Tilly, V., additional, Lebreton, L., additional, Leemans, E., additional, Lehtiniemi, M., additional, Lenz, M., additional, Leskinen, J., additional, Leslie, H., additional, Leslie, H.A., additional, Levasseur, C., additional, Lewis, C., additional, Licandro, P., additional, Lind, K., additional, Lindeque, P., additional, Lindeque, P.K., additional, Lips, I., additional, Liria, A., additional, Liria-Loza, A., additional, Llinás, O., additional, Loiselle, S.A., additional, Long, M., additional, Lorenz, C., additional, Lorenzo, S.M., additional, Loubar, K., additional, Luna-Jorquera, G., additional, Lusher, A.L., additional, Macchia, V., additional, MacGabban, S., additional, Mackay, K., additional, MacLeod, M., additional, Maes, T., additional, Magaletti, E., additional, Maggiore, A., additional, Magnusson, K., additional, Mahon, A.M., additional, Makorič, P., additional, Mallow, O., additional, Marques, J., additional, Marsili, L., additional, Martí, E., additional, Martignac, M., additional, Martin, J., additional, Martínez, I., additional, Martínez, J., additional, Martinez-Gil, M., additional, Martins, H.R., additional, Matiddi, M., additional, Maximenko, N., additional, Mazlum, R., additional, Mcadam, R., additional, Mcknight, L., additional, McNeal, A.W., additional, Measures, J., additional, Mederos, M.S., additional, Mendoza, J., additional, Meyer, M.S., additional, Miguelez, A., additional, Milan, M., additional, Militão, T., additional, Miller, R.Z., additional, Mino-Vercellio-Verollet, M., additional, Mir, G., additional, Miranda-Urbina, D., additional, Misurale, F., additional, Montesdeoca-Esponda, S., additional, Mora, J., additional, Morgana, S., additional, Moriceau, B., additional, Morin, B., additional, Morley, A., additional, Morrison, L., additional, Murphy, F., additional, Naidoo, T., additional, Näkki, P., additional, Napper, I.E., additional, Narayanaswamy, B.E., additional, Nash, R., additional, Negri, A., additional, Nel, H.A., additional, Nerheim, M.S., additional, Nerland, I.L., additional, Neto, J., additional, Neves, V., additional, Nies, H., additional, Noel, M., additional, Nor, N.H.M., additional, Noren, F., additional, O’ Connell, B., additional, O’ Connor, I., additional, Obbard, J.P., additional, Oberbeckmann, S., additional, Obispo, R., additional, Officer, R., additional, Ogonowski, M., additional, Orbea, A., additional, Ortlieb, M., additional, Osborn, A.M., additional, Ostiategui-Francia, P., additional, Packard, T., additional, Pahl, S., additional, Palatinus, A., additional, Palmqvist, A., additional, Pannetier, P., additional, Panti, C., additional, Parmentier, E., additional, Pasanen, P., additional, Patarnello, T., additional, Pattiaratchi, C., additional, Pauletto, M., additional, Paulus, M., additional, Pavlekovsky, K., additional, Pedersen, H.B., additional, Pedrotti, M.-L., additional, Peeken, I., additional, Peeters, D., additional, Peeters, E., additional, Pellegrini, D., additional, Perales, J.A., additional, Perez, E., additional, Perz, V., additional, Petit, S., additional, Pflieger, M., additional, Pham, C.K., additional, Piazza, V., additional, Pinto, M., additional, Planells, O., additional, Plaza, M., additional, Pompini, O., additional, Potthoff, A., additional, Prades, L., additional, Primpke, S., additional, Proietti, M., additional, Proskurowski, G., additional, Puig, C., additional, Pujo-Pay, M., additional, Pullerits, K., additional, Queirós, A.M., additional, Quinn, B., additional, Raimonds, E., additional, Ramis-Pujol, J., additional, Rascher-Friesenhausen, R., additional, Reardon, E., additional, Regoli, F., additional, Reichardt, A.M., additional, Reifferscheid, G., additional, Reilly, K., additional, Reisser, J., additional, Riba, I., additional, Ribitsch, D., additional, Rinnert, E., additional, Rios, N., additional, Rist, S.E., additional, Rivadeneira, M.M., additional, Rivière, G., additional, Robbens, J., additional, Robertson, C.J.R., additional, Rocher, V., additional, Rochman, C.M., additional, Rodrigues, M., additional, Rodriguez, Y., additional, Rodríguez, A., additional, Rodríguez, G., additional, Rodríguez, J.R.B., additional, Rodríguez, S., additional, Rodríguez, Y., additional, Rogan, E., additional, Rojo-Nieto, E., additional, Romeo, T., additional, Ross, P.S., additional, Roveta, A., additional, Rowland, S.J., additional, Ruckstuhl, N.A., additional, Ruiz-Fernández, A-C., additional, Ruiz-Orejón, L.F., additional, Runge, J., additional, Russell, M., additional, Saavedra, C., additional, Saborowski, R., additional, Sahin, B.E., additional, Sailley, S., additional, Sakaguchi-Söder, K., additional, Salaverria, I., additional, Sánchez-Arcilla, A., additional, Sánchez-Nieva, J., additional, Sanderson, W., additional, Santana-Rodríguez, J.J., additional, Santana-Viera, S., additional, Santos, M.B., additional, Santos, M.R., additional, Sanz, M.R., additional, Sardá, R., additional, Savelli, H., additional, Schoeneich-Argent, R., additional, Scholz-Böttcher, B.M., additional, Sciacca, F., additional, Scofield, R.P., additional, Setälä, O., additional, Selenius, M., additional, Sempere, R., additional, Senturk, Y., additional, Shashoua, Y., additional, Sherman, P., additional, Sick, C., additional, Siegel, D., additional, Sierra, J.P., additional, Silva, F., additional, Silvestri, C., additional, Sintija, G., additional, Sire, O., additional, Slat, B., additional, Smit, A., additional, Sobral, P., additional, Sorvari, J., additional, Sosa-Ferrera, Z., additional, Sotillo, M.G., additional, Soudant, P., additional, Speidel, L., additional, Spurgeon, D.J., additional, Steer, M.K., additional, Steindal, C.C., additional, Stifanese, R., additional, Štindlová, A., additional, Stuurman, L., additional, Suaria, G., additional, Suazo, C.G., additional, Sureda, A., additional, Surette, C., additional, Svendsen, C., additional, Syberg, K., additional, Tairova, Z., additional, Talvitie, J., additional, Tassin, B., additional, Tazerout, M., additional, Tekman, M.B., additional, ter Halle, A., additional, Thiel, M., additional, Thomas, K.V., additional, Thompson, R.C., additional, Tinkara, T., additional, Tirelli, V., additional, Tomassetti, P., additional, Toorman, E., additional, Toppe, J., additional, Tornambè, A., additional, Torres, R., additional, Torres-Padrón, M.E., additional, Underwood, A.J., additional, Urbina, M., additional, Usategui-Martín, A., additional, Usta, R., additional, Valdés, L., additional, Valente, A., additional, Valentina, T., additional, van Arkel, K., additional, Van Colen, C., additional, Van Der Hal, N., additional, van Franeker, J.A., additional, Van Herwerden, L., additional, Van Loosdrecht, M., additional, van Oyen, A., additional, Vandeperre, F., additional, Vanderlinden, J-P., additional, Vani, D., additional, Vasconcelos, L., additional, Vega-Moreno, D., additional, Ventero, A., additional, Vethaak, A.D., additional, Vianello, A., additional, Vicioso, M., additional, Vieira, L.R., additional, Viršek, M.K., additional, Vos, M., additional, Wahl, M., additional, Wallace, N., additional, Walton, A., additional, Waniek, J.J., additional, Watts, A., additional, Webster, L., additional, Wesch, C., additional, Whitfield, E., additional, Wichels, A., additional, Wieczorek, A.M., additional, Wilcox, C., additional, Williams, R.J., additional, Wong-Wah-Chung, P., additional, Wright, S., additional, Wyles, K.J., additional, Young, R., additional, Yurtsever, M., additional, Yurtsever, U., additional, Zada, L., additional, Zamani, N.P., additional, and Zampetti, G., additional
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Waste water effluent contributes to the dissemination of CTX-M-15 in the natural environment
- Author
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Amos, G. C. A., Hawkey, P. M., Gaze, W. H., and Wellington, E. M.
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- 2014
- Full Text
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6. Interactions between Salmonella typhimurium and Acanthamoeba polyphaga, and Observation of a New Mode of Intracellular Growth within Contractile Vacuoles
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Gaze, W. H., Burroughs, N., Gallagher, M. P., and Wellington, E. M. H.
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- 2003
- Full Text
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7. An SEM study of adhesive disc skeletal structures isolated from trichodinids (Ciliophora: Peritrichida) of the genera Trichodina Ehrenberg, 1838 and Paratrichodina Lom, 1963
- Author
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Gaze, W. H. and Wootten, R.
- Published
- 1999
8. A coliform-targeted metagenomic method facilitating human exposure estimates to Escherichia coli-borne antibiotic resistance genes
- Author
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Leonard, A F C, primary, Yin, X L, additional, Zhang, T, additional, Hui, M, additional, and Gaze, W H, additional
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
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9. Validated predictive modelling of the environmental resistome
- Author
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Amos, G. C. A., Gozzard, E., Carter, C. E., Mead, A., Bowes, M. J., Hawkey, P. M., Zhang, L., Singer, A. C., Gaze, W. H., and Wellington, E. M. H.
- Published
- 2015
10. Using the class 1 integron-integrase gene as a proxy for anthropogenic pollution
- Author
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Civil and Environmental Engineering, Gillings, M. R., Gaze, W. H., Pruden, Amy, Smalla, K., Tiedje, J. M., Zhu, Y.-G., Civil and Environmental Engineering, Gillings, M. R., Gaze, W. H., Pruden, Amy, Smalla, K., Tiedje, J. M., and Zhu, Y.-G.
- Abstract
Around all human activity, there are zones of pollution with pesticides, heavy metals, pharmaceuticals, personal care products and the microorganisms associated with human waste streams and agriculture. This diversity of pollutants, whose concentration varies spatially and temporally, is a major challenge for monitoring. Here, we suggest that the relative abundance of the clinical class 1 integron-integrase gene, intI1, is a good proxy for pollution because: (1) intI1 is linked to genes conferring resistance to antibiotics, disinfectants and heavy metals; (2) it is found in a wide variety of pathogenic and nonpathogenic bacteria; (3) its abundance can change rapidly because its host cells can have rapid generation times and it can move between bacteria by horizontal gene transfer; and (4) a single DNA sequence variant of intI1 is now found on a wide diversity of xenogenetic elements, these being complex mosaic DNA elements fixed through the agency of human selection. Here we review the literature examining the relationship between anthropogenic impacts and the abundance of intI1, and outline an approach by which intI1 could serve as a proxy for anthropogenic pollution.
- Published
- 2015
11. Dynamics of freshwater microbial communities in two different rivers exposed to sewage effluent in novel in situ mesocosms
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Lehmann, K., Bell, T., Bowes, M.J., Amos, Gregory, Gaze, W., Field, D., Singer, A.C., Lehmann, K., Bell, T., Bowes, M.J., Amos, Gregory, Gaze, W., Field, D., and Singer, A.C.
- Abstract
Open freshwater systems show some resilience to the impact of sewage effluent on a species level. Even in systems in which changes to the microbial system are masked by bacterial seeding from upstream, the impact of sewage can be shown by a higher prevalence and abundance of class I integrons. This change, which brings about greater antibiotic resistance – and all the problems this entails - should not be ignored. Heavily sewage impacted rivers like the Kennet might have a microbial system that has already adjusted to continuous heightened SE input.
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- 2012
12. The Scourge of Antibiotic Resistance: The Important Role of the Environment
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Finley, R. L., primary, Collignon, P., additional, Larsson, D. G. J., additional, McEwen, S. A., additional, Li, X.-Z., additional, Gaze, W. H., additional, Reid-Smith, R., additional, Timinouni, M., additional, Graham, D. W., additional, and Topp, E., additional
- Published
- 2013
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13. PMO-161 Hepatitis E (HEV) in South West England. Geographical, environmental and social factors: a case control study
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Hunter, J, primary, Madden, R, additional, Stone, A, additional, Osborne, N, additional, Wheeler, B, additional, Barlow, M, additional, Bendall, R, additional, Lin, N, additional, Henley, W, additional, Gaze, W, additional, and Dalton, H, additional
- Published
- 2012
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14. Integron Prevalence and Diversity in Manured Soil
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Byrne-Bailey, K. G., primary, Gaze, W. H., additional, Zhang, L., additional, Kay, P., additional, Boxall, A., additional, Hawkey, P. M., additional, and Wellington, E. M. H., additional
- Published
- 2011
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15. Prevalence of Sulfonamide Resistance Genes in Bacterial Isolates from Manured Agricultural Soils and Pig Slurry in the United Kingdom
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Byrne-Bailey, K. G., primary, Gaze, W. H., additional, Kay, P., additional, Boxall, A. B. A., additional, Hawkey, P. M., additional, and Wellington, E. M. H., additional
- Published
- 2009
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16. Environmental Monitoring of Mycobacterium bovis in Badger Feces and Badger Sett Soil by Real-Time PCR, as Confirmed by Immunofluorescence, Immunocapture, and Cultivation
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Sweeney, F. P., primary, Courtenay, O., additional, Hibberd, V., additional, Hewinson, R. G., additional, Reilly, L. A., additional, Gaze, W. H., additional, and Wellington, E. M. H., additional
- Published
- 2007
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17. Incidence of Class 1 Integrons in a Quaternary Ammonium Compound-Polluted Environment
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Gaze, W. H., primary, Abdouslam, N., additional, Hawkey, P. M., additional, and Wellington, E. M. H., additional
- Published
- 2005
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18. The role of heterotrophic bacteria in feldspar dissolution – an experimental approach
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Hutchens, E., primary, Valsami-Jones, E., additional, McEldowney, S., additional, Gaze, W., additional, and McLean, J., additional
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- 2003
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19. James O'Brien, 1798
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Gaze, W. C., primary
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- 1909
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20. Using the microbiomes of aquatic organisms to investigate the effects of pollution on environmental AMR
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Tipper, H., Gaze, W., Singer, A., and Johnson, A.
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363.739 - Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is one of the most serious global health threats facing society. Many sources, including wastewater treatment plant effluent and farming runoff, allow AMR bacteria and antimicrobials that select for resistance to enter the aquatic environment. Aquatic environmental reservoirs can act as sources of AMR transmissible to human pathogens, yet there is insufficient knowledge on the effect that environmental pollution, including antimicrobials, has on AMR in these environments. Environmental AMR is usually measured by analysing sediment and water samples, yet interpreting such samples can be made difficult by matrix variability over space and time. Currently, there is no standardised surveillance method for monitoring AMR in the environment in the UK; this research aimed to address this gap. The studies presented in this thesis aimed to determine the effect environmental pollution has on AMR in rivers, by studying changes in the microbiome of aquatic animals under varying pollution loads. A catchment-based study in the River Thames showed that the gut microbiome of the common roach (Rutilus rutilus) was significantly affected by the percentage effluent of the river at the sampling site and proportion of urban land and grassland upstream of the sampling site. This demonstrated that aquatic animal microbiomes are affected by pollution and can be indicative of the environment to which they are exposed. Another catchment-based study investigating the microbiome of the commonly found amphipod, Gammarus pulex, found that the prevalence of intI1 (a molecular marker for AMR) in the G. pulex microbiome was significantly affected by (in order of significance) increasing grassland upstream, increasing percentage effluent, and decreasing proximity to the nearest wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). This study also found that these environmental catchment variables could better explain the variance of intI1 in G. pulex (39.3% of variance explained), than in sediment (29.5%) and water (0%) samples from the same sampling sites. This study highlighted the potential use of G. pulex as a sensitive and promising approach for standardising AMR surveillance in rivers. The roach and G. pulex catchment-based studies for AMR surveillance could not discriminate between colonisation by AMR bacteria and selection by antimicrobials within the organism's microbiome. A laboratory mesocosm-based study was conducted to examine the lowest effect concentration of ciprofloxacin (CIP) impacting the prevalence of intI1 in, and composition of, the G. pulex microbiome (i.e., to determine the minimum selective concentration (MSC) of CIP). CIP did not select for intI1 in the G. pulex microbiome, however, a MSC of 2.5 µg/L was determined by quantification of intI1 in the mesocosm water column. From this, a predicted no effect concentration for the development of AMR (PNECR) of 0.046 µg/L and a risk quotient of 14.33 were determined. This indicates that CIP poses a significant risk for selection of AMR in the environment. This thesis focused on using aquatic organism microbiomes in multiple approaches of research on environmental AMR, such as in catchment-based studies, and as an environmentally-relevant, complex microbial community for determining MSCs, PNECs and RQs of an antibiotic. The results from this thesis evidence the potential for these microbiomes to be a predictive/monitoring tool for how pollution impacts environmental AMR. AMR national action plans require a standardised method for quantifying the impact of AMR pollution on the aquatic environment. The experiments may bring us one step closer to achieving this.
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- 2021
21. The dynamic architecture of the metabolic switch in Streptomyces coelicolor
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Bonin Michael, Wild David L, Rand David A, Dijkhuizen Lubbert, Jansen Ritsert C, Challis Gregory L, Legaie Roxane, Gaze William H, Iqbal Mudassar, Thomas Louise, Nentwich Merle, Rodríguez-García Antonio, Juarez-Hermosillo Miguel A, Morrissey Edward R, Omara Walid AM, Moore Jonathan, Merlo Maria E, Alam Mohammad T, Sletta Håvard, Jakobsen Øyvind M, Wentzel Alexander, Bruheim Per, Herbig Alexander, Battke Florian, Nieselt Kay, Reuther Jens, Wohlleben Wolfgang, Smith Margaret CM, Burroughs Nigel J, Martín Juan F, Hodgson David A, Takano Eriko, Breitling Rainer, Ellingsen Trond E, and Wellington Elizabeth MH
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Biotechnology ,TP248.13-248.65 ,Genetics ,QH426-470 - Abstract
Abstract Background During the lifetime of a fermenter culture, the soil bacterium S. coelicolor undergoes a major metabolic switch from exponential growth to antibiotic production. We have studied gene expression patterns during this switch, using a specifically designed Affymetrix genechip and a high-resolution time-series of fermenter-grown samples. Results Surprisingly, we find that the metabolic switch actually consists of multiple finely orchestrated switching events. Strongly coherent clusters of genes show drastic changes in gene expression already many hours before the classically defined transition phase where the switch from primary to secondary metabolism was expected. The main switch in gene expression takes only 2 hours, and changes in antibiotic biosynthesis genes are delayed relative to the metabolic rearrangements. Furthermore, global variation in morphogenesis genes indicates an involvement of cell differentiation pathways in the decision phase leading up to the commitment to antibiotic biosynthesis. Conclusions Our study provides the first detailed insights into the complex sequence of early regulatory events during and preceding the major metabolic switch in S. coelicolor, which will form the starting point for future attempts at engineering antibiotic production in a biotechnological setting.
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- 2010
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22. Selection for antibiotic resistance in complex microbial communities
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Stanton, I., Gaze, W., Snape, J., Zhang, L., and Murray, A.
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610 - Abstract
Measureable concentrations of antibiotics are released into the environment from anthropogenic sources. Environmental risk assessment investigates the risks these concentrations pose to aquatic life but does not determine whether selection for resistance is occurring. Recent studies suggest environmental concentrations of tetracycline, ciprofloxacin and cefotaxime may be able to select for resistance in complex microbial communities. The aims of research presented in this thesis were to determine whether selection for resistance occurs at environmentally relevant concentrations of macrolide antibiotics; to understand how mixtures of antibiotics affect selective endpoints; to understand the effect of temperature on selective endpoints, and, finally, to compare the methods used with previously published methods. Selective endpoints of macrolide antibiotics were found to be 1,000 µg/L of azithromycin and erythromycin and 750 µg/L of clarithromycin which is significantly higher than current environmental concentrations. Mixing of antibiotics produces at least an additive, if not a synergistic, effect. The selective endpoints of sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim decrease over 11 times and by a half, respectively, when used in combination. The selective endpoint of macrolides is reduced by a third when they are found in combination. Selective endpoints of individual genes are affected by temperature but, as only preliminary data has been produced, overall effect concentrations have not been determined across the entire experimental resistome. Alternative gene targets associated with taxa favoured at low temperatures may be under selection. Finally, the phenomenon of increased persistence has been described and the minimal increased persistence concentration has been defined for the first time. Data presented here can be used by policy makers in environmental risk assessments, in conjunction with other ecotoxicological endpoints to determine safe release levels of antibiotic residues in wastewater. This will help minimise selection for antibiotic resistance in the environment and, therefore, exposure of humans to resistant bacteria through environmental transmission.
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- 2020
23. A global multinational survey of cefotaxime-resistant coliforms in urban wastewater treatment plants
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Yunho Lee, Manika Choudhury, Om Prakash, Donald Morrison, Hélène Guilloteau, Heidrun Mayrhofer, María Inmaculada Polo-López, Belen Esteban, Katarzyna Slipko, Leonardo Pantoja Munoz, Samira Nahim–Granados, José Manuel Guillén-Navarro, Marco Guida, Stela Krizanovic, Hemda Garelick, Pilar Caballero, Traore Ousmane, Marcos Quintela-Baluja, Sara Rodríguez-Mozaz, Helmut Bürgmann, Nikolina Udiković-Kolić, Carsten Ulrich Schwermer, Agnieszka Kalinowska, Milena Milaković, Ester Heath, Marta Piotrowska, Andrea Di Cesare, Célia M. Manaia, Ying Yang, Amy Pruden, Anne F.C. Leonard, Erica Donner, Tanel Telson, Christophe Merlin, Karin Beck, Ana Agüera, Anhony A Adegoke, Marie-Noëlle Pons, Bastian Herzog, Joana Abreu-Silva, Leonie Henn, Norbert Kreuzinger, Younggun Yoon, Stefanie Heß, Olga C. Nunes, Alice L. Petre, Despo Fatta-Kassinos, Gianluca Brunetti, Roberto B. M. Marano, Stella Michael, Thor A. Stenström, Ayella Maile-Moskowitz, Popi Karaolia, Joshua T. Bunce, Giovanni Libralato, Jérôme Ory, Yogesh Nimonkar, Alfieri Pollice, Aneta Luczkiewicz, Carlo Salerno, Andrew Scott, Shichun Zou, Antoni Oliver, Barbara Drigo, Isabel Martínez-Alcalá, Virginia Riquelme, Veljo Kisand, Anna Baraniak, William H. Gaze, Edward Topp, Edouard Jurkevitch, Isabel Henriques, Telma Fernandes, Eddie Cytryn, José Luis Balcázar, Marta Tacão, Thomas Schwartz, Thomas Jäger, Gianluca Corno, Mailis Laht, Thomas U. Berendonk, Roberto Rosal, Magdalena Popowska, Pawel Krzeminski, Connor L. Brown, Veritati - Repositório Institucional da Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Marano, R. B. M., Fernandes, T., Manaia, C. M., Nunes, O., Morrison, D., Berendonk, T. U., Kreuzinger, N., Telson, T., Corno, G., Fatta-Kassinos, D., Merlin, C., Topp, E., Jurkevitch, E., Henn, L., Scott, A., Hess, S., Slipko, K., Laht, M., Kisand, V., Di Cesare, A., Karaolia, P., Michael, S. G., Petre, A. L., Rosal, R., Pruden, A., Riquelme, V., Aguera, A., Esteban, B., Luczkiewicz, A., Kalinowska, A., Leonard, A., Gaze, W. H., Adegoke, A. A., Stenstrom, T. A., Pollice, A., Salerno, C., Schwermer, C. U., Krzeminski, P., Guilloteau, H., Donner, E., Drigo, B., Libralato, G., Guida, M., Burgmann, H., Beck, K., Garelick, H., Tacao, M., Henriques, I., Martinez-Alcala, I., Guillen-Navarro, J. M., Popowska, M., Piotrowska, M., Quintela-Baluja, M., Bunce, J. T., Polo-Lopez, M. I., Nahim-Granados, S., Pons, M. -N., Milakovic, M., Udikovic-Kolic, N., Ory, J., Ousmane, T., Caballero, P., Oliver, A., Rodriguez-Mozaz, S., Balcazar, J. L., Jager, T., Schwartz, T., Yang, Y., Zou, S., Lee, Y., Yoon, Y., Herzog, B., Mayrhofer, H., Prakash, O., Nimonkar, Y., Heath, E., Baraniak, A., Abreu-Silva, J., Choudhury, M., Munoz, L. P., Krizanovic, S., Brunetti, G., Maile-Moskowitz, A., Brown, C., Cytryn, E., The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Department of Animal Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem (HUJ), Institute of Soil, Water and Environmental Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization - the Volcani Center, Centro de Química Fina e Biotecnologia (CQFB), Requimte, Universidade do Porto-Departamento de Química (DQ), Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia = School of Science & Technology (FCT NOVA), Universidade Nova de Lisboa = NOVA University Lisbon (NOVA)-Universidade Nova de Lisboa = NOVA University Lisbon (NOVA)-Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia = School of Science & Technology (FCT NOVA), Universidade Nova de Lisboa = NOVA University Lisbon (NOVA)-Universidade Nova de Lisboa = NOVA University Lisbon (NOVA)-Universidade do Porto-Departamento de Química (DQ), Universidade Nova de Lisboa = NOVA University Lisbon (NOVA)-Universidade Nova de Lisboa = NOVA University Lisbon (NOVA), Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy (LEPABE), Universidade do Porto, Edinburgh Napier University, Institute for Hydrobiology, Technische Universität Dresden = Dresden University of Technology (TU Dresden), Vienna University of Technology, Institute of Technology [Tartu, Estonia], University of Tartu, CNR Water Research Institute (IRSA), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), University of Cyprus (UCY), Laboratoire de Chimie Physique et Microbiologie pour les Matériaux et l'Environnement (LCPME), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Agriculture and Agri-Food [Ottawa] (AAFC), Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, University of Western Ontario (UWO), Estonian Environmental Research Centre (EKUK), Universidad de Alcalá - University of Alcalá (UAH), Virginia Tech [Blacksburg], Area de Quimica Inorganica - Centro de Investigacion en Energia Solar (CIESOL) (CIESOL), Universidad de Almería (UAL), Gdańsk University of Technology (GUT), University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Durban University of Technology, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo [Mendoza] (UNCUYO), Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), University of South Australia [Adelaide], Università degli studi di Napoli Federico II, Swiss Federal Insitute of Aquatic Science and Technology [Dübendorf] (EAWAG), Middlesex University [London], Universidade de Aveiro, Universidade de Coimbra [Coimbra], Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia (UCAM), Department of Applied Microbiology [Warsaw], Institute of Microbiology [Warsaw], Faculty of Biology [Warsaw], University of Warsaw (UW)-University of Warsaw (UW)-Faculty of Biology [Warsaw], University of Warsaw (UW)-University of Warsaw (UW), School of Engineering [Newcastle], Newcastle University [Newcastle], Plataforma Solar de Almeria – CIEMAT, Tabernas, Almeria, Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des Procédés (LRGP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL), Rudjer Boskovic Institute [Zagreb], Laboratoire Microorganismes : Génome et Environnement (LMGE), Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Laboratorio EMATSA, Instituto Catalán de Investigación del Agua - ICRA (SPAIN) (ICRA), Institute of Functional Interfaces, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Sun Yat-Sen University [Guangzhou] (SYSU), Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Technische Universität Munchen - Université Technique de Munich [Munich, Allemagne] (TUM), NCMR, Jozef Stefan Institute [Ljubljana] (IJS), National Medicines Institute - Narodowy Instytut Leków [Warsaw] (NIL), Agricultural Research Organisation (ARO), Volcani Center, Universidade do Porto = University of Porto-Departamento de Química (DQ), Universidade Nova de Lisboa = NOVA University Lisbon (NOVA)-Universidade Nova de Lisboa = NOVA University Lisbon (NOVA)-Universidade do Porto = University of Porto-Departamento de Química (DQ), Universidade do Porto = University of Porto, National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), University of Cyprus [Nicosia] (UCY), Agriculture and Agri-Food (AAFC), University of Naples Federico II = Università degli studi di Napoli Federico II, Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Marano, Robert BM, Fernandes, Telma, Manaia, Celia M, Nunes, Olga, Donner, Erica, Drigo, Barbara, Brunetti, Gianluca, and Cytryn, Eddie
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Cefotaxime ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Coliforms ,Antibiotic resistance ,Sewage ,Microorganismes -- Resistència als medicaments ,Wastewater treatment ,Wastewater ,010501 environmental sciences ,01 natural sciences ,Surveys and Questionnaires ,Microorganisms -- Drug resistance ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS ,lcsh:Environmental sciences ,General Environmental Science ,lcsh:GE1-350 ,6. Clean water ,Anti-Bacterial Agents ,3. Good health ,Europe ,Interdisciplinary Natural Sciences ,Health ,Sewage treatment ,Biotechnology ,medicine.drug ,Life sciences ,biology ,Aigua -- Reutilització ,Asia ,Quantification methods ,Aigües residuals -- Plantes de tractament ,Culture and Communities ,Water Purification ,Applied microbiology ,Water reuse ,Environmental health ,ddc:570 ,medicine ,Microbiology Research Group ,[SPI.GPROC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Chemical and Process Engineering ,antibiotic resistance ,coliforms ,ESBLs ,wastewater treatment ,wastewater reuse ,Sewage disposal plants ,Effluent ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,[SDV.EE.SANT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Health ,Coliform ,business.industry ,Australia ,Fecal coliform ,Antibiotic resistance, Coliforms, ESBLs, Wastewater treatment, Water reuse ,ESBL ,North America ,Environmental science ,business - Abstract
The World Health Organization Global Action Plan recommends integrated surveillance programs as crucial strategies for monitoring antibiotic resistance. Although several national surveillance programs are in place for clinical and veterinary settings, no such schemes exist for monitoring antibiotic-resistant bacteria in the environment. In this transnational study, we developed, validated, and tested a low-cost surveillance and easy to implement approach to evaluate antibiotic resistance in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) by targeting cefotaxime-resistant (CTX-R) coliforms as indicators. The rationale for this approach was: i) coliform quantification methods are internationally accepted as indicators of fecal contamination in recreational waters and are therefore routinely applied in analytical labs; ii) CTX-R coliforms are clinically relevant, associated with extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs), and are rare in pristine environments. We analyzed 57 WWTPs in 22 countries across Europe, Asia, Africa, Australia, and North America. CTX-R coliforms were ubiquitous in raw sewage and their relative abundance varied significantly (
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- 2020
24. Role played by the environment in the emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) through the food chain
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EFSA Panel on Biological Hazards (BIOHAZ), Koutsoumanis, Konstantinos, Allende, Ana, Álvarez-Ordóñez, Avelino, Bolton, Declan, Bover-Cid, Sara, Chemaly, Marianne, Davies, Robert, De Cesare, Alessandra, Herman, Lieve, Hilbert, Friederike, Lindqvist, Roland, Nauta, Maarten, Ru, Giuseppe, Simmons, Marion, Skandamis, Panagiotis, Suffredini, Elisabetta, Argüello, Héctor, Berendonk, Thomas, Cavaco, Lina Maria, Gaze, William, Schmitt, Heike, Topp, Ed, Guerra, Beatriz, Liébana, Ernesto, Stella, Pietro, Peixe, Luisa, Indústries Alimentàries, Funcionalitat i Seguretat Alimentària, Koutsoumanis K., Allende A., Alvarez-Ordonez A., Bolton D., Bover-Cid S., Chemaly M., Davies R., De Cesare A., Herman L., Hilbert F., Lindqvist R., Nauta M., Ru G., Simmons M., Skandamis P., Suffredini E., Arguello H., Berendonk T., Cavaco L.M., Gaze W., Schmitt H., Topp E., Guerra B., Liebana E., Stella P., and Peixe L.
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663/664 ,040301 veterinary sciences ,Veterinary (miscellaneous) ,Biosecurity ,TP1-1185 ,Plant Science ,010501 environmental sciences ,Terrestrial animal ,medicine.disease_cause ,01 natural sciences ,Microbiology ,Anim2953 ,0403 veterinary science ,Food chain ,Antibiotic resistance ,medicine ,TX341-641 ,animal ,antimicrobial resistance ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,food‐producing environment ,biology ,Nutrition. Foods and food supply ,business.industry ,plants ,Chemical technology ,Campylobacter ,food ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,biochemical phenomena, metabolism, and nutrition ,biology.organism_classification ,Manure ,antimicrobial‐resistant bacteria ,Biotechnology ,animals ,Scientific Opinion ,antimicrobial resistance gene ,One Health ,aquaculture ,veterinary (miscalleneous) ,Food processing ,Parasitology ,Animal Science and Zoology ,business ,antimicrobial-resistant bacteria ,environment ,food-producing environment ,antimicrobial resistance genes ,Food Science - Abstract
The role of food-producing environments in the emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in EU plant-based food production, terrestrial animals (poultry, cattle and pigs) and aquaculture was assessed. Among the various sources and transmission routes identified, fertilisers of faecal origin, irrigation and surface water for plant-based food and water for aquaculture were considered of major importance. For terrestrial animal production, potential sources consist of feed, humans, water, air/dust, soil, wildlife, rodents, arthropods and equipment. Among those, evidence was found for introduction with feed and humans, for the other sources, the importance could not be assessed. Several ARB of highest priority for public health, such as carbapenem or extended-spectrum cephalosporin and/or fluoroquinolone-resistant Enterobacterales (including Salmonella enterica), fluoroquinolone-resistant Campylobacter spp., methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and glycopeptide-resistant Enterococcus faecium and E. faecalis were identified. Among highest priority ARGs blaCTX-M, blaVIM, blaNDM, blaOXA-48-like, blaOXA-23, mcr, armA, vanA, cfr and optrA were reported. These highest priority bacteria and genes were identified in different sources, at primary and post-harvest level, particularly faeces/manure, soil and water. For all sectors, reducing the occurrence of faecal microbial contamination of fertilisers, water, feed and the production environment and minimising persistence/recycling of ARB within animal production facilities is a priority. Proper implementation of good hygiene practices, biosecurity and food safety management systems is very important. Potential AMR-specific interventions are in the early stages of development. Many data gaps relating to sources and relevance of transmission routes, diversity of ARB and ARGs, effectiveness of mitigation measures were identified. Representative epidemiological and attribution studies on AMR and its effective control in food production environments at EU level, linked to One Health and environmental initiatives, are urgently required. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
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- 2021
25. Microcosm experiment investigating climate-induced thermal effects on human virus viability in seawater: qPCR vs capsid integrity for enhanced risk management.
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Kevill JL, Li X, Garcia-Delgado A, Herridge K, Farkas K, Gaze W, Robins P, Malham SK, and Jones DL
- Abstract
Climate change is intensifying extreme weather events in coastal areas, leading to more frequent discharge of untreated wastewater containing human viruses into coastal waters. This poses a health risk, especially during heatwaves when bathing activity increases. A study examined the survival and viability of seven common wastewater viruses in seawater at different temperatures. Viral genomes were quantified using direct qPCR, whilst viability was assessed using Capsid Integrity qPCR. Results showed that T90 values from direct qPCR were much higher than those from CI-qPCR, suggesting that risk mitigation should be based on viral integrity tests. All viruses remained potentially viable for at least 72 h in environmental seawater and longer in sterile artificial seawater, highlighting the importance of biotic processes in viral inactivation. Viral persistence decreased with increasing temperature. Whilst heatwaves may partially reduce risks from human viral pathogens in coastal waters, they do not eliminate them entirely., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)
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- 2024
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26. Opportunities and challenges in antimicrobial resistance policy including animal production systems and humans across stakeholders in Argentina: a context and qualitative analysis.
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Allel K, Fernandez-Miyakawa M, Gaze W, Petroni A, Corso A, Luna F, Barcelona L, Boden L, and Pitchforth E
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- Argentina, Humans, Animals, Qualitative Research, Drug Resistance, Bacterial, Stakeholder Participation, Antimicrobial Stewardship organization & administration, Surveys and Questionnaires, Health Policy, Anti-Bacterial Agents therapeutic use, Animal Husbandry
- Abstract
Introduction: Gaps in antimicrobial resistance (AMR) surveillance and control, including implementation of national action plans (NAPs), are evident internationally. Countries' capacity to translate political commitment into action is crucial to cope with AMR at the human-animal-environment interface., Methods: We employed a two-stage process to understand opportunities and challenges related to AMR surveillance and control at the human-animal interface in Argentina. First, we compiled the central AMR policies locally and mapped vital stakeholders around the NAP and the national commission against bacterial resistance. Second, we conducted qualitative interviews using a semistructured questionnaire covering stakeholders' understanding and progress towards AMR and NAP. We employed a mixed deductive-inductive approach and used the constant comparative analysis method. We created categories and themes to cluster subthemes and determined crucial relationships among thematic groups., Results: Crucial AMR policy developments have been made since 1969, including gradually banning colistin in food-producing animals. In 2023, a new government decree prioritised AMR following the 2015 NAP launch. Our qualitative analyses identified seven major themes for tackling AMR: (I) Cultural factors and sociopolitical country context hampering AMR progress, (II) Fragmented governance, (III) Antibiotic access and use, (IV) AMR knowledge and awareness throughout stakeholders, (V) AMR surveillance, (VI) NAP efforts and (VII) External drivers. We identified a fragmented structure of the food production chain, poor cross-coordination between stakeholders, limited surveillance and regulation among food-producing animals and geographical disparities over access, diagnosis and treatment. The country is moving to integrate animal and food production into its surveillance system, with most hospitals experienced in monitoring AMR through antimicrobial stewardship programmes., Conclusion: AMR accountability should involve underpinning collaboration at different NAP implementation levels and providing adequate resources to safeguard long-term sustainability. Incorporating a multisectoral context-specific approach relying on different One Health domains is crucial to strengthening local AMR surveillance., Competing Interests: Competing interests: None declared., (© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2024. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.)
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- 2024
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27. Metabarcoding of Hepatitis E Virus Genotype 3 and Norovirus GII from Wastewater Samples in England Using Nanopore Sequencing.
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Treagus S, Lowther J, Longdon B, Gaze W, Baker-Austin C, Ryder D, and Batista FM
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- Humans, Animals, Swine, Wastewater, Genotype, Phylogeny, Feces, England, RNA, Viral genetics, Hepatitis E virus genetics, Norovirus genetics, Nanopore Sequencing, Caliciviridae Infections
- Abstract
Norovirus is one of the largest causes of gastroenteritis worldwide, and Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is an emerging pathogen that has become the most dominant cause of acute viral hepatitis in recent years. The presence of norovirus and HEV has been reported within wastewater in many countries previously. Here we used amplicon deep sequencing (metabarcoding) to identify norovirus and HEV strains in wastewater samples from England collected in 2019 and 2020. For HEV, we sequenced a fragment of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) gene targeting genotype three strains. For norovirus, we sequenced the 5' portion of the major capsid protein gene (VP1) of genogroup II strains. Sequencing of the wastewater samples revealed eight different genotypes of norovirus GII (GII.2, GII.3, GII.4, GII.6, GII.7, GII.9, GII.13 and GII.17). Genotypes GII.3 and GII.4 were the most commonly found. The HEV metabarcoding assay was able to identify HEV genotype 3 strains in some samples with a very low viral concentration determined by RT-qPCR. Analysis showed that most HEV strains found in influent wastewater were typed as G3c and G3e and were likely to have originated from humans or swine. However, the small size of the HEV nested PCR amplicon could cause issues with typing, and so this method is more appropriate for samples with high CTs where methods targeting longer genomic regions are unlikely to be successful. This is the first report of HEV RNA in wastewater in England. This study demonstrates the utility of wastewater sequencing and the need for wider surveillance of norovirus and HEV within host species and environments., (© 2023. Crown.)
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- 2023
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28. The effect of metal remediation on the virulence and antimicrobial resistance of the opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa .
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Lear L, Hesse E, Newsome L, Gaze W, Buckling A, and Vos M
- Abstract
Anthropogenic metal pollution can result in co-selection for antibiotic resistance and potentially select for increased virulence in bacterial pathogens. Metal-polluted environments can select for the increased production of siderophore molecules to detoxify non-ferrous metals. However, these same molecules also aid the uptake of ferric iron, a limiting factor for within-host pathogen growth, and are consequently a virulence factor. Anthropogenic methods to remediate environmental metal contamination commonly involve amendment with lime-containing materials. However, whether this reduces in situ co-selection for antibiotic resistance and siderophore-mediated virulence remains unknown. Here, using microcosms containing non-sterile metal-contaminated river water and sediment, we test whether liming reduces co-selection for these pathogenicity traits in the opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa . To account for the effect of environmental structure, which is known to impact siderophore production, microcosms were incubated under either static or shaking conditions. Evolved P. aeruginosa populations had greater fitness in the presence of toxic concentrations of copper than the ancestral strain and showed increased resistance to the clinically relevant antibiotics apramycin, cefotaxime and trimethoprim, regardless of lime addition or environmental structure. Although we found virulence to be significantly associated with siderophore production, neither virulence nor siderophore production significantly differed between the four treatments. Furthermore, liming did not mitigate metal-imposed selection for antibiotic resistance or virulence in P. aeruginosa . Consequently, metal-contaminated environments may select for antibiotic resistance and virulence traits even when treated with lime., Competing Interests: The authors declare that there are no competing interests., (© 2023 The Authors. Evolutionary Applications published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)
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- 2023
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29. EPI-Net One Health reporting guideline for antimicrobial consumption and resistance surveillance data: a Delphi approach.
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Babu Rajendran N, Arieti F, Mena-Benítez CA, Galia L, Tebon M, Alvarez J, Gladstone BP, Collineau L, De Angelis G, Duro R, Gaze W, Göpel S, Kanj SS, Käsbohrer A, Limmathurotsakul D, Lopez de Abechuco E, Mazzolini E, Mutters NT, Pezzani MD, Presterl E, Renk H, Rodríguez-Baño J, Săndulescu O, Scali F, Skov R, Velavan TP, Vuong C, and Tacconelli E
- Abstract
Strategic and standardised approaches to analysis and reporting of surveillance data are essential to inform antimicrobial resistance (AMR) mitigation measures, including antibiotic policies. Targeted guidance on linking full-scale AMR and antimicrobial consumption (AMC)/antimicrobial residues (AR) surveillance data from the human, animal, and environmental sectors is currently needed. This paper describes the initiative whereby a multidisciplinary panel of experts (56 from 20 countries-52 high income, 4 upper middle or lower income), representing all three sectors, elaborated proposals for structuring and reporting full-scale AMR and AMC/AR surveillance data across the three sectors. An evidence-supported, modified Delphi approach was adopted to reach consensus among the experts for dissemination frequency, language, and overall structure of reporting; core elements and metrics for AMC/AR data; core elements and metrics for AMR data. The recommendations can support multisectoral national and regional plans on antimicrobials policy to reduce resistance rates applying a One Health approach., Competing Interests: JA received grants/contracts from the Spanish Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Fisheries and EU Horizon 2020. Work of BPG was funded by the German Center for Infection research Clinical Research Unit (DZIF-CRU) at Tübingen. RD participated on Data Safety Monitoring Board of the ASTARTÉ study (for which no payments were received). WG received grants/contracts from the Horizon Europe grant (supported by UKRI) on AMR and pathogen evolution in costal environments and the UK Natural Environment Research Council grants on AMR Knowledge Exchange NE/V019279/1 and AMR evolution NE/W006251/1; WG received consultation fee for EU DG Sante AMR policy evaluation and recommendations. Work of AK was funded in the context of the project One Health EJP, which has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under Grant Agreement No. 773830. EP received grants/contracts from the Austrian Ministry of Health for the National Surveillance Network of healthcare-associated infections (ANISS); EP received honorarium for participation as a chair of the Advisory board on AMR and MDRO Pfizer Austria (27.09.22). MB received grants/contracts from Janssen Vaccines, Novartis, CureVac, and Merck; MB received payment or honoraria for lectures, presentations, speakers bureaus, manuscript writing or educational events from Takeda (November 2019); MB participated on Data Safety Monitoring Board or Advisory Board of Sanofi, Spherecydes, Pfizer, Merck, Novartis, and Astra-Zeneca. MM received support for attending meetings and/or travel from the Global Antibiotic Research and Development Partnership (12.10.22–13.10.2022). LS received grants or contracts from the JPIAMR network grant 2020; LS received support for attending meetings and/or travel from ESCMID for the attendance of ECCMID 2022. DT is an employee of GlaxoSmithKline and holds shares in GlaxoSmithKline. TVB received consultation fees from Stonehaven Consulting; TVB received payment or honoraria for lectures, presentations, speakers bureaus, manuscript writing or educational events from Swedish Veterinary Council. Work of AV was supported by the COMBACTE-MAGNET consortium; AV serves as the ISAC president (International Society of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy) and board member of NVMM (Dutch Microbiology Society). All other authors declare no competing interests., (© 2022 The Authors.)
- Published
- 2022
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30. First, do no harm: time for a systems approach to address the problem of health-care-derived pharmaceutical pollution.
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Thornber K, Adshead F, Balayannis A, Brazier R, Brown R, Comber S, Court C, Davidson I, Depledge M, Farmer C, Gibb S, Hixson R, Kirchhelle C, Moore K, Motta M, Niemi L, Owen S, Pencheon D, Pfleger S, Pitchforth E, Powell N, Schmidt W, Smith R, Sowman G, Tyler-Batt W, Wilkinson H, Wilson EC, Fleming L, Gaze W, and Tyler C
- Subjects
- Systems Analysis, Pharmaceutical Preparations, Environmental Pollution prevention & control, Health Facilities
- Abstract
Competing Interests: SO is a shareholder and employee of AstraZeneca. KT was supported by awards from the Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives Fund at the Environment and Sustainability Institute and the Wellcome Trust Translational Research Exchange at Exeter (TREE), both at the University of Exeter (Exeter, UK). Online workshops were organised with support from the Continuing Professional Development Team at the University of Exeter, funded by the National Institute of Health and Social Care School for Public Health (University of Exeter) and the Dr Edouard Delcroix Prize in Oceans and Human Health, awarded to Prof Lora Fleming. The infographic in the figure was commissioned to Dr Will Stahl-Timmins (blog.willstahl.com), and jointly funded by TREE and a Natural Environment Research Council-funded Knowledge Exchange Fellowship awarded to Prof Will Gaze (reference NE/V019279/1).
- Published
- 2022
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31. Predicting selection for antimicrobial resistance in UK wastewater and aquatic environments: Ciprofloxacin poses a significant risk.
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Hayes A, May Murray L, Catherine Stanton I, Zhang L, Snape J, Hugo Gaze W, and Kaye Murray A
- Subjects
- Anti-Bacterial Agents, Azithromycin, Ciprofloxacin, Clarithromycin adverse effects, Drug Resistance, Bacterial, Erythromycin, Humans, United Kingdom, Wastewater, Water Pollutants, Chemical analysis
- Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a threat to human and animal health, with the environment increasingly recognised as playing an important role in AMR evolution, dissemination, and transmission. Antibiotics can select for AMR at very low concentrations, similar to those in the environment, yet their release into the environment, e.g., from wastewater treatment plants, is not currently regulated. Understanding the selection risk antibiotics pose in wastewater and receiving waters is key to understanding if environmental regulation of antibiotics is required. We investigated the risk of selection occurring in UK wastewater and receiving waters by determining where measured environmental concentration data (n = 8187) for four antibiotics (ciprofloxacin, azithromycin, clarithromycin, and erythromycin) collected in England and Wales 2015-2018 (sites n = 67) exceeded selective concentration thresholds derived from complex microbial community evolution experiments undertaken previously. We show that selection for AMR by ciprofloxacin is likely to have occurred routinely in England and Wales wastewater during the 2015-2018 period, with some seasonal and regional trends. Wastewater treatment reduces the selection risk posed by ciprofloxacin significantly, but not completely, and predicted risk in surface waters remains high in several cases. Conversely, the potential risks posed by the macrolides (azithromycin, clarithromycin, and erythromycin) were lower than those posed by ciprofloxacin. Our data demonstrate further action is needed to prevent selection for AMR in wastewater, with environmental quality standards for some antibiotics required in the future, and that selection risk is not solely a concern in low/middle income countries., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests: Jason Snape is an employee and shareholder of AstraZeneca PLC. All remaining authors declare no competing interests., (Copyright © 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2022
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32. Building knowledge of university campus population dynamics to enhance near-to-source sewage surveillance for SARS-CoV-2 detection.
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Sweetapple C, Melville-Shreeve P, Chen AS, Grimsley JMS, Bunce JT, Gaze W, Fielding S, and Wade MJ
- Subjects
- Humans, Pandemics, Population Dynamics, Sewage, Universities, Wastewater, Wastewater-Based Epidemiological Monitoring, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2
- Abstract
Wastewater surveillance has been widely implemented for monitoring of SARS-CoV-2 during the global COVID-19 pandemic, and near-to-source monitoring is of particular interest for outbreak management in discrete populations. However, variation in population size poses a challenge to the triggering of public health interventions using wastewater SARS-CoV-2 concentrations. This is especially important for near-to-source sites that are subject to significant daily variability in upstream populations. Focusing on a university campus in England, this study investigates methods to account for variation in upstream populations at a site with highly transient footfall and provides a better understanding of the impact of variable populations on the SARS-CoV-2 trends provided by wastewater-based epidemiology. The potential for complementary data to help direct response activities within the near-to-source population is also explored, and potential concerns arising due to the presence of heavily diluted samples during wet weather are addressed. Using wastewater biomarkers, it is demonstrated that population normalisation can reveal significant differences between days where SARS-CoV-2 concentrations are very similar. Confidence in the trends identified is strongest when samples are collected during dry weather periods; however, wet weather samples can still provide valuable information. It is also shown that building-level occupancy estimates based on complementary data aid identification of potential sources of SARS-CoV-2 and can enable targeted actions to be taken to identify and manage potential sources of pathogen transmission in localised communities., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2021. Published by Elsevier B.V.)
- Published
- 2022
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33. Role played by the environment in the emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) through the food chain.
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Koutsoumanis K, Allende A, Álvarez-Ordóñez A, Bolton D, Bover-Cid S, Chemaly M, Davies R, De Cesare A, Herman L, Hilbert F, Lindqvist R, Nauta M, Ru G, Simmons M, Skandamis P, Suffredini E, Argüello H, Berendonk T, Cavaco LM, Gaze W, Schmitt H, Topp E, Guerra B, Liébana E, Stella P, and Peixe L
- Abstract
The role of food-producing environments in the emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in EU plant-based food production, terrestrial animals (poultry, cattle and pigs) and aquaculture was assessed. Among the various sources and transmission routes identified, fertilisers of faecal origin, irrigation and surface water for plant-based food and water for aquaculture were considered of major importance. For terrestrial animal production, potential sources consist of feed, humans, water, air/dust, soil, wildlife, rodents, arthropods and equipment. Among those, evidence was found for introduction with feed and humans, for the other sources, the importance could not be assessed. Several ARB of highest priority for public health, such as carbapenem or extended-spectrum cephalosporin and/or fluoroquinolone-resistant Enterobacterales (including Salmonella enterica ), fluoroquinolone-resistant Campylobacter spp., methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and glycopeptide-resistant Enterococcus faecium and E. faecalis were identified. Among highest priority ARGs bla
CTX -M , blaVIM , blaNDM , blaOXA -48-like , blaOXA -23 , mcr , armA , vanA , cfr and optrA were reported. These highest priority bacteria and genes were identified in different sources, at primary and post-harvest level, particularly faeces/manure, soil and water. For all sectors, reducing the occurrence of faecal microbial contamination of fertilisers, water, feed and the production environment and minimising persistence/recycling of ARB within animal production facilities is a priority. Proper implementation of good hygiene practices, biosecurity and food safety management systems is very important. Potential AMR-specific interventions are in the early stages of development. Many data gaps relating to sources and relevance of transmission routes, diversity of ARB and ARGs, effectiveness of mitigation measures were identified. Representative epidemiological and attribution studies on AMR and its effective control in food production environments at EU level, linked to One Health and environmental initiatives, are urgently required., (© 2021 European Food Safety Authority. EFSA Journal published by John Wiley and Sons Ltd on behalf of European Food Safety Authority.)- Published
- 2021
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34. Determining the prevalence, identity and possible origin of bacterial pathogens in soil.
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Ferraresso J, Lawton B, Bayliss S, Sheppard S, Cardazzo B, Gaze W, Buckling A, and Vos M
- Subjects
- Animals, Anti-Bacterial Agents pharmacology, Bacteria drug effects, Bacteria genetics, Drug Resistance, Microbial drug effects, Drug Resistance, Microbial genetics, Humans, Moths, Prevalence, Virulence genetics, beta-Lactamases genetics, Bacteria isolation & purification, Bacteria pathogenicity, Soil Microbiology
- Abstract
Soil biomes are vast, exceptionally diverse and crucial to the health of ecosystems and societies. Soils also contain an appreciable, but understudied, diversity of opportunistic human pathogens. With climate change and other forms of environmental degradation potentially increasing exposure risks to soilborne pathogens, it is necessary to gain a better understanding of their ecological drivers. Here we use the Galleria mellonella insect virulence model to selectively isolate pathogenic bacteria from soils in Cornwall (UK). We find a high prevalence of pathogenic soil bacteria with two genera, Providencia and Serratia, being especially common. Providencia alcalifaciens, P. rustigianii, Serratia liquefaciens and S. plymuthica strains were studied in more detail using phenotypic virulence and antibiotic resistance assays and whole-genome sequencing. Both genera displayed low levels of antibiotic resistance and antibiotic resistance gene carriage. However, Serratia isolates were found to carry the recently characterized metallo-β-lactamase blaSPR-1 that, although not conferring high levels of resistance in these strains, poses a potential risk of horizontal transfer to other pathogens where it could be fully functional. The Galleria assay can be a useful approach to uncover the distribution and identity of pathogenic bacteria in the environment, as well as uncover resistance genes with an environmental origin., (© 2020 The Author. Environmental Microbiology published by Society for Applied Microbiology and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)
- Published
- 2020
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35. Zinc can counteract selection for ciprofloxacin resistance.
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Vos M, Sibleyras L, Lo LK, Hesse E, Gaze W, and Klümper U
- Subjects
- Anti-Infective Agents pharmacology, Drug Interactions, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Ciprofloxacin pharmacology, Drug Resistance, Bacterial drug effects, Escherichia coli drug effects, Zinc pharmacology
- Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has emerged as one of the most pressing threats to public health. AMR evolution occurs in the clinic but also in the environment, where antibiotics and heavy metals can select and co-select for AMR. While the selective potential of both antibiotics and metals is increasingly well-characterized, experimental studies exploring their combined effects on AMR evolution are rare. It has previously been demonstrated that fluoroquinolone antibiotics such as ciprofloxacin can chelate metal ions. To investigate how ciprofloxacin resistance is affected by the presence of metals, we quantified selection dynamics between a ciprofloxacin-susceptible and a ciprofloxacin-resistant Escherichia coli strain across a gradient of ciprofloxacin concentrations in presence and absence of zinc. The presence of zinc reduced growth of both strains, while ciprofloxacin inhibited exclusively the susceptible one. When present in combination zinc retained its inhibitory effect, while ciprofloxacin inhibition of the susceptible strain was reduced. Consequently, the minimal selective concentration for ciprofloxacin resistance increased up to five-fold in the presence of zinc. Environmental pollution usually comprises complex mixtures of antimicrobial agents. In addition to the usual focus on additive or synergistic interactions in complex selective mixtures, our findings highlight the importance of antagonistic selective interactions when considering resistance evolution., (© FEMS 2020.)
- Published
- 2020
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36. Novel clinically relevant antibiotic resistance genes associated with sewage sludge and industrial waste streams revealed by functional metagenomic screening.
- Author
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Zhang L, Calvo-Bado L, Murray AK, Amos GCA, Hawkey PM, Wellington EM, and Gaze WH
- Subjects
- Anti-Bacterial Agents pharmacology, Bacteria drug effects, Bacteria genetics, Geologic Sediments microbiology, Grassland, Metagenome, Quaternary Ammonium Compounds, Soil Microbiology, Drug Resistance, Microbial genetics, Genes, Bacterial, Industrial Waste, Sewage microbiology
- Abstract
A growing body of evidence indicates that anthropogenic activities can result in increased prevalence of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) in bacteria in natural environments. Many environmental studies have used next-generation sequencing methods to sequence the metagenome. However, this approach is limited as it does not identify divergent uncharacterized genes or demonstrate activity. Characterization of ARGs in environmental metagenomes is important for understanding the evolution and dissemination of resistance, as there are several examples of clinically important resistance genes originating in environmental species. The current study employed a functional metagenomic approach to detect genes encoding resistance to extended spectrum β-lactams (ESBLs) and carbapenems in sewage sludge, sludge amended soil, quaternary ammonium compound (QAC) impacted reed bed sediment and less impacted long term curated grassland soil. ESBL and carbapenemase genes were detected in sewage sludge, sludge amended soils and QAC impacted soil with varying degrees of homology to clinically important β-lactamase genes. The flanking regions were sequenced to identify potential host background and genetic context. Novel β-lactamase genes were found in Gram negative bacteria, with one gene adjacent to an insertion sequence ISPme1, suggesting a recent mobilization event and/ the potential for future transfer. Sewage sludge and quaternary ammonium compound (QAC) rich industrial effluent appear to disseminate and/or select for ESBL genes which were not detected in long term curated grassland soils. This work confirms the natural environment as a reservoir of novel and mobilizable resistance genes, which may pose a threat to human and animal health., (Copyright © 2019 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2019
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37. Staphylococcus cornubiensis sp. nov., a member of the Staphylococcus intermedius Group (SIG).
- Author
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Murray AK, Lee J, Bendall R, Zhang L, Sunde M, Schau Slettemeås J, Gaze W, Page AJ, and Vos M
- Subjects
- Animals, Bacterial Typing Techniques, Base Composition, Cellulitis microbiology, DNA, Bacterial genetics, Genes, Bacterial, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, RNA, Ribosomal, 16S genetics, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Staphylococcus genetics, Staphylococcus isolation & purification, Staphylococcus intermedius, United Kingdom, Phylogeny, Skin Diseases, Bacterial microbiology, Staphylococcal Infections microbiology, Staphylococcus classification
- Abstract
We here describe a novel species in the Staphylococcus intermedius Group (SIG) which is phenotypically similar to Staphylococcus pseudintermedius but is genomically distinct from it and other SIG members, with an average nucleotide identity of 90.2 % with its closest relative S. intermedius. The description of Staphylococcus cornubiensis sp. nov. is based on strain NW1
T (=NCTC 13950T =DSM 105366T ) isolated from a human skin infection in Cornwall, UK. Although pathogenic, NW1T carries no known virulence genes or mobilizable antibiotic resistance genes and further studies are required to assess the prevalence of this species in humans as well as its potential presence in companion animals.- Published
- 2018
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38. Water and sanitation: an essential battlefront in the war on antimicrobial resistance.
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Bürgmann H, Frigon D, H Gaze W, M Manaia C, Pruden A, Singer AC, F Smets B, and Zhang T
- Subjects
- Anti-Bacterial Agents pharmacology, Bacteria genetics, Humans, Bacteria drug effects, Drug Resistance, Bacterial physiology, Sewage microbiology, Water Microbiology, Water Purification methods
- Abstract
Water and sanitation represent a key battlefront in combatting the spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Basic water sanitation infrastructure is an essential first step towards protecting public health, thereby limiting the spread of pathogens and the need for antibiotics. AMR presents unique human health risks, meriting new risk assessment frameworks specifically adapted to water and sanitation-borne AMR. There are numerous exposure routes to AMR originating from human waste, each of which must be quantified for its relative risk to human health. Wastewater treatment plants play a vital role in centralized collection and treatment of human sewage, but there are numerous unresolved issues in terms of the microbial ecological processes occurring within them and the extent to which they attenuate or amplify AMR. Research is needed to advance understanding of the fate of resistant bacteria and antibiotic resistance genes in various waste management systems, depending on the local constraints and intended reuse applications. World Health Organization and national AMR action plans would benefit from a more holistic 'One Water' understanding. In this article we provide a framework for research, policy, practice and public engagement aimed at limiting the spread of AMR from water and sanitation in low-, medium- and high-income countries.
- Published
- 2018
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39. Evaluating the Mental Models Approach to Developing a Risk Communication: A Scoping Review of the Evidence.
- Author
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Boase N, White M, Gaze W, and Redshaw C
- Abstract
Risk communication is fundamental in ensuring people are equipped with the knowledge needed to navigate varied risks. One generally well-regarded framework for the development of such communications is the mental models approach to risk communication (MMARC). Developed during the 1990s, the MMARC has been applied to a range of health, technological, and environmental risks. However, as yet, we know of no attempt to collate and review articles that evaluated communications developed using the MMARC. This article took a first step at addressing this gap by conducting a scoping review that aimed to begin to explore the fidelity with which the approach has been applied, explore whether there appeared to be sufficient studies to warrant a future systematic review, and identify future research questions. Although the initial search found over 100 articles explicitly applying the MMARC, only 12 of these developed a risk-related communication that was tested against a control (and thus included in the current review). All studies reported a positive effect of the MMARC versus control communication for at least some of the outcome measures (knowledge being the most prevalent). However, there was wide variation between studies including type of control, outcomes assessed, and only five studies reported adopting a randomized design. The review highlights both the need for greater fidelity in the way future studies operationalize the MMARC approach, and suggests that a full-scale systematic review of the MMARC literature appears justified, especially given the possibility of a large gray literature in this area., (© 2017 Society for Risk Analysis.)
- Published
- 2017
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40. Developing a local antimicrobial resistance action plan: the Cornwall One Health Antimicrobial Resistance Group.
- Author
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Powell N, Davidson I, Yelling P, Collinson A, Pollard A, Johnson L, Gibson N, Taylor J, Wisner K, Gaze W, South J, and Ashiru-Oredope D
- Subjects
- Anti-Bacterial Agents adverse effects, Drug Utilization, Education, Veterinary, Health Personnel organization & administration, Health Policy, Humans, United Kingdom, Drug Resistance, Microbial, Health Personnel education, One Health
- Abstract
Objectives: The UK Five Year Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) Strategy was published in September 2013 and recommended a One Health approach emphasizing the importance of collaboration to tackle AMR. We describe the inauguration of what we believe to be the first regional One Health group established in the UK. The purpose of the group was to ensure the implementation of a coordinated Cornwall-wide response to the UK AMR Strategy and we describe the outputs of the group to date., Methods: The Cornwall Antimicrobial Resistance Group was set up as a sub-group of the Health & Wellbeing Board's Health Protection Committee. Stakeholders reviewed the key objectives set out within the Five Year AMR strategy, identified local priorities and existing work streams within Cornwall, and completed a gap analysis. The annual work plan was developed from the gap analysis and provided a foundation for improved coordination of One Health antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) activity in Cornwall., Results: To date, outputs from the group can be arranged under the following themes: education and engagement with the public; education and engagement with healthcare workers and veterinarians; and a comprehensive AMS programme for all sectors. The group continues to grow in size with wider stakeholder engagement and increased variety of work streams., Conclusions: This unique group facilitates discussions across sectors, which has enabled the sharing of knowledge, ideas and resources, stimulated local AMS initiatives, and ensured a platform for the development of future AMR and AMS work., (© The Author 2017. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.)
- Published
- 2017
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41. The variability and seasonality of the environmental reservoir of Mycobacterium bovis shed by wild European badgers.
- Author
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King HC, Murphy A, James P, Travis E, Porter D, Hung YJ, Sawyer J, Cork J, Delahay RJ, Gaze W, Courtenay O, and Wellington EM
- Subjects
- Animals, Animals, Wild microbiology, Cattle, Environment, Feces microbiology, Disease Reservoirs microbiology, Mustelidae microbiology, Mycobacterium bovis pathogenicity, Tuberculosis, Bovine epidemiology, Tuberculosis, Bovine microbiology
- Abstract
The incidence of Mycobacterium bovis, the causative agent of bovine tuberculosis, has been increasing in UK cattle herds resulting in substantial economic losses. The European badger (Meles meles) is implicated as a wildlife reservoir of infection. One likely route of transmission to cattle is through exposure to infected badger urine and faeces. The relative importance of the environment in transmission remains unknown, in part due to the lack of information on the distribution and magnitude of environmental reservoirs. Here we identify potential infection hotspots in the badger population and quantify the heterogeneity in bacterial load; with infected badgers shedding between 1 × 10(3)- 4 × 10(5) M. bovis cells g(-1) of faeces, creating a substantial and seasonally variable environmental reservoir. Our findings highlight the potential importance of monitoring environmental reservoirs of M. bovis which may constitute a component of disease spread that is currently overlooked and yet may be responsible for a proportion of transmission amongst badgers and onwards to cattle.
- Published
- 2015
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42. Performance of a Noninvasive Test for Detecting Mycobacterium bovis Shedding in European Badger (Meles meles) Populations.
- Author
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King HC, Murphy A, James P, Travis E, Porter D, Sawyer J, Cork J, Delahay RJ, Gaze W, Courtenay O, and Wellington EM
- Subjects
- Animals, Cattle, Feces microbiology, Tuberculosis epidemiology, Tuberculosis microbiology, United Kingdom epidemiology, Bacterial Shedding, Disease Reservoirs, Mustelidae microbiology, Mycobacterium bovis isolation & purification, Tuberculosis veterinary
- Abstract
The incidence of Mycobacterium bovis, the causative agent of bovine tuberculosis, in cattle herds in the United Kingdom is increasing, resulting in substantial economic losses. The European badger (Meles meles) is implicated as a wildlife reservoir and is the subject of control measures aimed at reducing the incidence of infection in cattle populations. Understanding the epidemiology of M. bovis in badger populations is essential for directing control interventions and understanding disease spread; however, accurate diagnosis in live animals is challenging and currently uses invasive methods. Here we present a noninvasive diagnostic procedure and sampling regimen using field sampling of latrines and detection of M. bovis with quantitative PCR tests, the results of which strongly correlate with the results of immunoassays in the field at the social group level. This method allows M. bovis infections in badger populations to be monitored without trapping and provides additional information on the quantities of bacterial DNA shed. Therefore, our approach may provide valuable insights into the epidemiology of bovine tuberculosis in badger populations and inform disease control interventions., (Copyright © 2015, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.)
- Published
- 2015
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43. Improved detection of Staphylococcus intermedius group in a routine diagnostic laboratory.
- Author
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Lee J, Murray A, Bendall R, Gaze W, Zhang L, and Vos M
- Subjects
- Algorithms, Animals, Dogs, Humans, Sensitivity and Specificity, Bacteriological Techniques methods, Staphylococcal Infections diagnosis, Staphylococcal Infections microbiology, Staphylococcus intermedius isolation & purification, Zoonoses diagnosis, Zoonoses microbiology
- Abstract
The Staphylococcus intermedius group (SIG) includes zoonotic pathogens traditionally associated with dog bites. We describe a simple scheme for improved detection of SIG using routine laboratory methods, report its effect on isolation rates, and use sequencing to confirm that, apart from one atypical SIG strain, most isolates are Staphylococcus pseudintermedius., (Copyright © 2015, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.)
- Published
- 2015
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44. Functional metagenomic analysis reveals rivers are a reservoir for diverse antibiotic resistance genes.
- Author
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Amos GC, Zhang L, Hawkey PM, Gaze WH, and Wellington EM
- Subjects
- Animals, Anti-Bacterial Agents pharmacology, Base Sequence, Cluster Analysis, Gene Library, Molecular Sequence Data, Mutagenesis, Phylogeny, Sequence Analysis, DNA, beta-Lactamases genetics, Drug Resistance, Microbial genetics, Escherichia coli genetics, Genetic Variation, Metagenomics methods, Rivers microbiology, Wastewater microbiology, Water Microbiology
- Abstract
The environment harbours a significant diversity of uncultured bacteria and a potential source of novel and extant resistance genes which may recombine with clinically important bacteria disseminated into environmental reservoirs. There is evidence that pollution can select for resistance due to the aggregation of adaptive genes on mobile elements. The aim of this study was to establish the impact of waste water treatment plant (WWTP) effluent disposal to a river by using culture independent methods to study diversity of resistance genes downstream of the WWTP in comparison to upstream. Metagenomic libraries were constructed in Escherichia coli and screened for phenotypic resistance to amikacin, gentamicin, neomycin, ampicillin and ciprofloxacin. Resistance genes were identified by using transposon mutagenesis. A significant increase downstream of the WWTP was observed in the number of phenotypic resistant clones recovered in metagenomic libraries. Common β-lactamases such as blaTEM were recovered as well as a diverse range of acetyltransferases and unusual transporter genes, with evidence for newly emerging resistance mechanisms. The similarities of the predicted proteins to known sequences suggested origins of genes from a very diverse range of bacteria. The study suggests that waste water disposal increases the reservoir of resistance mechanisms in the environment either by addition of resistance genes or by input of agents selective for resistant phenotypes., (Copyright © 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2014
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45. Semi-automated Acanthamoeba polyphaga detection and computation of Salmonella typhimurium concentration in spatio-temporal images.
- Author
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Tsibidis GD, Burroughs NJ, Gaze W, and Wellington EM
- Subjects
- Acanthamoeba growth & development, Acanthamoeba isolation & purification, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted methods, Salmonella typhimurium growth & development, Salmonella typhimurium isolation & purification, Time-Lapse Imaging methods, Acanthamoeba cytology, Automation methods, Microbial Interactions, Microbiological Techniques methods
- Abstract
Interaction between bacteria and protozoa is an increasing area of interest, however there are a few systems that allow extensive observation of the interactions. A semi-automated approach is proposed to analyse a large amount of experimental data and avoid a time demanding manual object classification. We examined a surface system consisting of non nutrient agar with a uniform bacterial lawn that extended over the agar surface, and a spatially localised central population of amoebae. Location and identification of protozoa and quantification of bacteria population are performed by the employment of image analysis techniques in a series of spatial images. The quantitative tools are based on intensity thresholding, or on probabilistic models. To accelerate organism identification, correct classification errors and attain quantitative details of all objects a custom written Graphical User Interfaces has also been developed., (Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2011
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46. Ovine pedomics: the first study of the ovine foot 16S rRNA-based microbiome.
- Author
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Calvo-Bado LA, Oakley BB, Dowd SE, Green LE, Medley GF, Ul-Hassan A, Bateman V, Gaze W, Witcomb L, Grogono-Thomas R, Kaler J, Russell CL, and Wellington EM
- Subjects
- Animals, Bacteria classification, Bacteria genetics, DNA, Bacterial analysis, Dermatitis microbiology, Phylogeny, Polymerase Chain Reaction, RNA, Ribosomal, 16S analysis, Sheep, Skin microbiology, Bacteria isolation & purification, Dermatitis veterinary, Foot microbiology, Foot Rot microbiology, Metagenome, Sheep Diseases microbiology, Sheep, Domestic microbiology
- Abstract
We report the first study of the bacterial microbiome of ovine interdigital skin based on 16S rRNA by pyrosequencing and conventional cloning with Sanger-sequencing. Three flocks were selected, one a flock with no signs of footrot or interdigital dermatitis, a second flock with interdigital dermatitis alone and a third flock with both interdigital dermatitis and footrot. The sheep were classified as having either healthy interdigital skin (H) and interdigital dermatitis (ID) or virulent footrot (VFR). The ovine interdigital skin bacterial community varied significantly by flock and clinical condition. The diversity and richness of operational taxonomic units was greater in tissue from sheep with ID than H or VFR-affected sheep. Actinobacteria, Bacteriodetes, Firmicutes and Proteobacteria were the most abundant phyla comprising 25 genera. Peptostreptococcus, Corynebacterium and Staphylococcus were associated with H, ID and VFR, respectively. Sequences of Dichelobacter nodosus, the causal agent of ovine footrot, were not amplified because of mismatches in the 16S rRNA universal forward primer (27F). A specific real-time PCR assay was used to demonstrate the presence of D. nodosus, which was detected in all samples including the flock with no signs of ID or VFR. Sheep with ID had significantly higher numbers of D. nodosus (10(4)-10(9) cells per g tissue) than those with H or VFR feet.
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. Antibiotic resistance in the environment, with particular reference to MRSA.
- Author
-
Gaze W, O'Neill C, Wellington E, and Hawkey P
- Subjects
- Animals, Animals, Domestic microbiology, Cattle, Dogs, Humans, Sewage microbiology, Soil Microbiology, Staphylococcal Infections microbiology, Staphylococcus aureus genetics, Drug Resistance, Bacterial genetics, Environmental Microbiology, Gene Transfer, Horizontal, Methicillin Resistance genetics, Staphylococcus aureus drug effects
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Ectoparasitic species of the genus Trichodina (Ciliophora: Peritrichida) parasitising British freshwater fish.
- Author
-
Gaze WH and Wootten R
- Subjects
- Animals, Ciliophora isolation & purification, Fresh Water, United Kingdom, Ciliophora classification, Fishes parasitology
- Abstract
Seven species of the genus Trichodina Ehrenberg, 1838 were identified during a sampling programme of twenty freshwater fish species from approximately sixty sites in Scotland, England and Wales. Species found include: Trichodina acuta Lom, 1961 from Cyprinus carpio L., Carassius auratus L., Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum), Salmo trutta L. and Phoxinus phoxinus L.; Trichodina domerguei Wallengren, 1897 from Gasterosteus aculeatus L.; Trichodina tenuidens Faure-Fremiet, 1944 from Gasterosteus aculeatus; Trichodina pediculus Ehrenberg, 1838 from Gasterosteus aculeatus; Trichodina modesta Lom, 1970 from Abramis brama L.; Trichodina nigra Lom, 1960 from Cyprinus carpio, Salmo trutta and Oncorhynchus mykiss; and Trichodina intermedia Lom, 1960 from Phoxinus. Morphological variation within and between host populations and host specificity of the Trichodina species recovered are described.
- Published
- 1998
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