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Purpose Despite many years of academic research into organisational integration and effectiveness, organisations still struggle to successfully implement strategy and achieve competitive advantage. However, the rapid evolution of marketing technologies such as big data, marketing analytics, artificial intelligence and personalised consumer interactions offer potential for an integrated marketing communication technological capability that aligns and integrates an organisation. Programmatic advertising is one such integrated marketing communication (IMC) technology capability, applying and learning from customer information and behaviours to align and integrate organisational activity. The literature on programmatic is embryonic and a conceptual framework that links its potential to organisational effectiveness is timely. This paper aims to develop a framework showing the potential for programmatic advertising as an IMC technology capability to enhance organisational integration and performance. Design/methodology/approach An exploratory methodology gained insight from 15 depth interviews with senior marketing executives from both organisations and external advertising agencies. Findings Four elements of a programmatic integrated organisation were identified and aligned with seven marketing activity levers to deliver firm performance measures. Research limitations/implications This research contributes to theory, affirming IMC as a capability and positioning programmatic as a means of organisational integration. Practical implications The model also offers guidance for practitioners looking to integrate programmatic into their organisation. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first paper to look at programmatic from an IMC perspective and as a means of organisational integration. It is also the first to apply Moorman and Day’s (2016) model to explore organisational integration and programmatic, developing a new model, specifically contextualised for programmatic advertising.

The purpose of the current research is to examine the effect of repetition upon recall and attitudes when a list of ads includes (vs. does not include) creative ads. We found significant context effects, as the presence of creative ads in a list decreased recall of, and attitudes towards, regular ads. The effects of repetition upon recall for regular ads decreased by 30% when those ads were shown alongside creative ads. When creative (vs. regular) ads were repeated, recall for non-repeated regular ads dropped by 70%. Furthermore, the current research found that regular ads were judged less favorably when a list of ads included creative ads. Overall, ad attitudes for the same regular ads were 10% lower when shown in the presence of creative ads. In order to avoid such impairment effects, the current research demonstrates why advertisers need to develop creative advertising.

This research investigates how materialism as a personality trait can impact consumers’ intention to create brand-related user-generated content (UGC) and positive WOM on Facebook. The research involved three studies. Study 1 was an online survey investigating the association between materialism and brand-related UGC and positive WOM creation on Facebook. Study 2 tested the mediating role of the perception of brand symbolism for the effect of materialism on brand-related UGC and positive WOM creation. Study 3 was an online experiment which manipulated materialism. It demonstrated that the perception of brand symbolism mediated the effect of materialism on brand-related UGC and positive WOM creation on Facebook. These findings show how materialism influences whether consumers create content about brands to express self-identity. They also show researchers and managers how to target consumers to encourage them to create brand-related UGC and positive WOM on social media. Specifically, by emphasising materialistic cues, marketers can enhance consumers’ perception of brand symbolism which can motivate consumers to create brand-related UGC and positive WOM.

Unlike the extensive scholarship on leadership in related disciplines, research on leadership in advertising is almost non-existent. This study investigates practitioner views on attributes and styles of effective agency leaders in the US, UK, and Australia using GLOBE’s (Global Leadership and Organizational Behavior Effectiveness) Culturally Endorsed Leadership Theory. All three regions are part of GLOBE’s Anglo cultural cluster. The research examines whether the theory’s central proposition - that leadership in global contexts has universally endorsed elements but is also culturally contingent – is valid in an advertising setting. Using a mixed method approach, data were collected from agency staff and leaders via 255 survey responses and 40 depth interviews. Findings indicate the best leaders are seen as people-focused, collaboration-driven and future-oriented. Integrity, vision and inspiration are top leadership attributes with collaborative and performance-oriented leadership styles considered the most effective. Views were fairly consistent across regions with some nuanced differences. One interesting difference from main GLOBE findings is emphasis on soft skills as a core component of effective leadership. Future research should examine this further, as well as relationship between leadership and agency culture, millennial and gender differences, leadership training challenges, and also study advertising leadership across other cultural clusters.

With advertising practice and research changing significantly in the last decade, it is likely that the definition of advertising also needs some transformation. Rather than broadening the definiti...

Advertising avoidance is perhaps one of the greatest challenges facing marketers today. This study investigates the impact of emotions on advertising avoidance in social media. It tests five antecedents and two types of advertising avoidance, developing a new model of advertising avoidance. Data were collected via an online survey of 849 Facebook users and analyzed using structural equation modeling. The results of this study establish the important role of emotion in activating advertising avoidance. The study tests and validates two types of advertising avoidance: cognitive and behavioral (which includes mechanical). Further, the research also identifies five antecedents: attitude to social networking sites as an advertising medium, perceived clutter, negative word-of-mouth about advertising, and two new constructs of privacy concerns and control. These antecedents impact emotion and enact avoidance.

International audience; This paper conceptualises replication research as being one of the most needed areas of ongoing academic activity. Using George the Galapagos tortoise as a metaphor for the lack of replication research, it is argued that only by replicating research studies over time can solid theory be developed. For the most part, advertising and marketing communication research consists of non-replicated, one-shot, point-in-time experiments which, once accepted and published by a journal, becomes the litany of the academic community and is then deified by the citation process. The paper begins by reviewing the background of replication research in the marketing communication domain and applies it to current thinking and publication trends. Reasons for the lack of replication research are presented and some conclusions are drawn for those seeking to confirm or challenge existing research. An agenda is provided for the development and publication of replication research.

Purpose The creativity-based facilitation effect, well documented by previous research, shows that creative advertisements (ads) are more memorable than regular (or less creative) ads, that is, creativity facilitates memory. This current research aims to extend our understanding by investigating the impact of creativity on regular ads and competitive advertising. It examines whether creative ads impair the memorability of regular ads to determine whether a “creativity-based impairment effect” exists. Design/methodology/approach Three experiments were conducted. Experiment 1 tested creativity-based impairment effects in brand recall. Experiment 2 replicated and validated the impairment effect in recall, using a different presentation order of ads. In Experiment 3, effects of creative ads on competing vs non-competing brands were examined. Findings Results found that creative ads impaired the brand recall of regular ads, creative ads impaired the recall of competing brands more than non-competing brands and creative ads were recalled earlier in top-of-mind recall positions. Research limitations/implications Future research may look at whether different memory measures (e.g. recognition), different proportions of creative ads, and ads of familiar vs unfamiliar brands produce differential impairment effects. Practical implications One suggestion from this research could be to not only copy-test your own brand’s advertising, but also test the advertising of other brands so that the target ad’s relative levels of creativity can be assessed before media buying. As a result of this testing, when the brand identifies any potential impairment effects, the identified creative ads could then be tracked in terms of media placement, providing a guide of where “not to schedule” advertising. Originality/value This research makes an important theoretical contribution as the first to explore impairment effects in the context of creative advertising. In doing so, it offers important managerial insights for regular and competitive advertising.

Objective: To evaluate women’s experiences after hysterectomy and predictors of their contentment and regret with the surgical approaches. Methods: Cross-sectional, Patient-Reported Experience Measures survey in 2319 Australian women aged 21 to 90 years (median age of 52 years) who had received hysterectomy in the preceding 2 years. Results: Overall, the vast majority of women (>96%) did not regret having had the hysterectomy. Women who received an open abdominal hysterectomy reported slower recovery with about 7% of women still not fully recovered after 12 months compared to those whose surgery was through a less invasive approach. Women who reported no adverse events, having been given a choice of type of hysterectomy, women who received an alternative to open abdominal hysterectomy, and women who felt prepared for discharge from hospital were significantly more likely to be content with their hysterectomy and report positive patient experiences. Conclusions: Compared with those who received a less invasive approach to hysterectomy, women who received open surgery were more likely to express negative experiences relating to their hospital stay and recovery from surgery. The results inform future improvements of care for women planning a hysterectomy.

This study assessed consumers’ initial reactions to in‐feed native ads appearing as news content. In particular, it focuses on consumers’ recognition of advertising when they realize that content they had thought were news stories had in fact been advertising. Recognition of advertising made consumers infer that advertisers had deliberately manipulated them. Consequently, consumers engaged less with the message, had less positive attitudes toward the brand, and were less likely to purchase and share. The results demonstrated the mechanisms through which the two mediators, manipulative intent and message engagement, lowered brand attitude, purchase intention, and sharing intention. In addition, ad disclosure made more people recognize the ad when they were exposed to it than when it was not disclosed as an ad.

This study applies Approach–Avoidance Theory to investigate the constructs of advertising engagement and advertising avoidance on Facebook. Using the Critical Incident Technique, it identifies a typology of the seven antecedents of both engagement and avoidance. The results propose a continuum that describes consumer interaction, from active engagement to passive engagement and passive avoidance to active avoidance at the other end. While this paper provides an important test of Approach–Avoid Theory, it also assists practitioners to conduct engagement audits to minimize avoidance and maximize consumer engagement with advertising on SNSs.

Copyright 2020 by The American Council on Consumer Interests While advertising self-regulation is generally considered effective in a closed, largely country-based system, the digital world in which we now live is an open and global system. This raises challenges for consumer protection from national regulators trying to enforce compliance from global media platforms, advertisers, and consumers. Applying the power-responsibility equilibrium, this study explores who has the power and who has the responsibility for advertising self-regulation in a digital world. In doing so, it takes an ethnographic approach, eliciting insights from 18 key stakeholders in the self-regulatory process, across the three geographical areas of Europe, United States, and Asia-Pacific. The findings highlight the need for more collaboration and alignment of self-regulatory systems and build a framework for action through embedding responsibility, aligning standards, initiating processes, and improving outcomes. Six recommendations are offered to restore the balance of power and responsibility.

Risk seems all too often to be a travel companion. The purchase of travel insurance is one way to mitigate this, yet only a small body of research has examined consumer decision-making in this context. Using the Repertory Test and Laddering Analysis, this research examines the attributes of travel insurance, the consequences of its purchase and the terminal values that this satisfies. It presents a Hierarchical Value Map which tracks the customer journey. The study contributes to academic knowledge by identifying that not all attributes of travel insurance are brand-controlled and not all values are about reducing risk.

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the inter-relationships between peoples’ perceptions of the attributes of leftover food and how they lead to higher-order values in relation to food waste. Design/methodology/approach The method involved an online, text-based, qualitative survey of 112 panel members from a market research firm. The data were examined using thematic analysis and framed using a means-end approach. Findings Findings show that leftover foods take on both positive and negative attributes and benefits, as shown in four themes—tasty foods, dangerous foods, images of spoiling and used or second-hand—leading to consequences, identified as creating time, Time to binning and repurposing. Additionally, how individuals in a household speak of themselves based on their higher-order values, termed as states of being, can determine whether such foods are repurposed or consigned to the bin. These states of being are reflected in the three themes: the responsible ones, the virtuous ones and the blameless ones. Originality/value This study provides more focussed insights on the interplay between the attributes and benefits of leftovers and how household members position themselves towards these foods, particularly in their transition to waste.

Minimally invasive approaches to hysterectomy have been shown to be safe, effective and have recovery advantages over open hysterectomy, yet in Australia 36% of hysterectomies are still conducted by open surgery. In 2006, a survey of Australian gynaecological specialists found the main impediment to increasing laparoscopic hysterectomy to be a lack of surgical skills training opportunities. We resurveyed specialists to explore contemporary factors influencing surgeons’ approaches to hysterectomy; 258 (estimated ~19%) provided analysable responses. Despite >50% of surveyed specialists wishing to practise laparoscopic hysterectomy in the future, lack of surgical skills, arising from the lack of training opportunities, remains the main impediment.

This longitudinal cohort study examines whether privacy concerns have changed on social network sites (SNSs), in particular Myspace/Facebook, as both the users and the medium have matured. Tracking a cohort of 15–17-year olds at three points across an 8-year period, it uses focus groups and self-determination theory to investigate the perceptions of control and vulnerability of 45 participants. The findings suggest that while consumers appear to trust SNSs to protect their private information, they are reluctant to trust advertising or brands on these sites. Over time, users’ autonomy, connectedness and competence have shifted from experimenters, who have nothing to lose, to acceptors who felt their social life was more important than their privacy concerns, to managers who strategically controlled their information in order to reduce their vulnerability.

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to benchmark the progress of integrated marketing communication (IMC) education, by replicating and extending a study on IMC education by Kerr (2009). It documents progress, examines the impact of digital disruption and concludes with an agenda for change. Design/methodology/approach Using the Delphi technique, this study recruited leading IMC educators and thought leaders internationally to find consensus on an important range of IMC issues, including its place within the university, the IMC brand, curriculum, impact on practice, the incorporation of digital and future challenges. Findings IMC has strengthened its place within the university and also within the minds and understanding of academics, students and industry. Digital disruption provides many challenges including updating curriculum and up skilling staff. It is vital, however, that IMC thinking be positioned as the integrator and digital as the facilitator, providing platforms to actualise IMC strategy such as content, customer service and cross-functional planning. Practical implications This study shows what IMC education has achieved since Kerr’s (2009) study. Further, it outlines what needs to be achieved in the future by providing a “To do” list for IMC educators. Originality/value It is vital that the development and progress of this important new area of study is tracked to ensure industry challenges are met, such as digital disruption, and the right education for IMC managers of the future is provided.

The waste of edible food throughout the food chain is recognised as a global issue and academic research focuses on how to encourage reductions in this waste. At the consumer level, governments are investing in communication campaigns that encourage individuals to reduce the amount of edible food discarded in their home-based activities. The specific aims of this paper were to identify causes of food waste and what experts recommend for reducing the problem, to identify gaps between information provided in food waste communication campaigns and the experts recommendations, and finally to empirically identify further gaps between individuals’ knowledge of food waste with a framework of the expert recommendations. In terms of findings, the literature review identified a range of causes and nine relevant expert recommendations for reducing this waste. An evaluation of a number of major consumer-focused communication campaigns available in Australia and New Zealand provided evidence that these campaigns were addressing some of the recommendations from experts. A subsequent qualitative investigation of household members’ knowledge of the issues of food discard showed that individuals’ understandings can be prioritised in terms of the expert recommendations and the communication messages in the campaigns. Further research is identified based on these findings.

All theory is based on a set of seminal concepts and empirical research that are assumed to be replicable and inviolate over time. Recent changes in technology, consumer habits, demographics, and marketplaces, however, have raised questions about the applicability of advertising theory developed in a mass-media environment to today's interactive marketplace. The current study explores this idea by replicating the most-cited study in advertising research, the elaboration likelihood model, of which just three of 27 findings were replicated. The current results advocate further replication of historical studies to verify their current value for ongoing scholarship.

This article provides insights into barriers to replication research and presents an agenda identifying “who” should do “what” to robustly advance knowledge in disciplines of advertising and marketing. A Delphi study, showing consensus of opinion among international experts in the replication process—authors, editors, and reviewers—is presented. The study engages the problem from a triadic perspective and highlights differences in thinking among these stakeholder groups. In presenting an agenda for collective action, the article seeks to stimulate debate regarding the merits of undertaking and publishing replication research in enhancing the credibility of the theoretical foundations of our disciplines.

Social media enable advertising agencies to engage directly with the public by participating in-and observing-real conversations. The current study recruited a Delphi panel to explore how some of the world's leading advertising professionals view the use of social media to test, track, and evaluate advertising campaigns and how they identify related risks and ethical considerations. The findings suggest that agencies primarily use social media as a tool for understanding consumers and igniting insight, not as a means of testing creative ideas. The authors believe this research provides an important benchmark of agency best practice in social-media research and outlines ethical implications.

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to review, critique and develop a research agenda for the Elaboration Likelihood Model (ELM). The model was introduced by Petty and Cacioppo over three decades ago and has been modified, revised and extended. Given modern communication contexts, it is appropriate to question the model’s validity and relevance. Design/methodology/approach – The authors develop a conceptual approach, based on a fully comprehensive and extensive review and critique of ELM and its development since its inception. Findings – This paper focuses on major issues concerning the ELM. These include model assumptions and its descriptive nature; continuum questions, multi-channel processing and mediating variables before turning to the need to replicate the ELM and to offer recommendations for its future development. Research limitations/implications – This paper offers a series of questions in terms of research implications. These include whether ELM could or should be replicated, its extension, a greater conceptualization of argument quality, an explanation of movement along the continuum and between central and peripheral routes to persuasion, or to use new methodologies and technologies to help better understanding consume thinking and behaviour? All these relate to the current need to explore the relevance of ELM in a more modern context. Practical implications – It is time to question the validity and relevance of the ELM. The diversity of on- and off-line media options and the variants of consumer choice raise significant issues. Originality/value – While the ELM model continues to be widely cited and taught as one of the major cornerstones of persuasion, questions are raised concerning its relevance and validity in 21st century communication contexts.

Objective To explore factors influencing how well-informed women felt about hysterectomy, influences on their decision making, and on them receiving a less-invasive alternative to open surgery. Methods Online questionnaire, conducted in 2015–2016, of women who had received a hysterectomy in Australia, in the preceding two years. Results Questionnaires were completed by 2319/6000 women (39% response). Most women (n = 2225; 96%) felt well-informed about hysterectomy. Women were more aware of the open abdominal approach (n = 1798; 77%), than of less-invasive vaginal (n = 1552; 67%), laparoscopic (n = 1540; 66%), laparoscopic-assisted (n = 1303; 56%), and robotic approaches (n = 289; 12%). Most women (n = 1435; 62%) reported their gynaecologist was the most influential information source. Women who received information about hysterectomy from a GP (OR = 1.47; 95% CI 1.15-1.90), or from a gynaecologist (OR = 1.3; 95% CI 1.06-1.58), were more likely to feel better informed (p

You have done it and I have done it. We gravitate toward things that give us pleasure and avoid those which cause us pain. This basic human instinct is core to one of the oldest concepts in psychology, that of Approach-Avoidance. Our avoidance motivation is a “spring to action” that allows us to avoid negative stimuli in our environment, such as hot cooktops, boring lectures, or even advertising. Avoidance behavior—or behavior withdrawal—is something well documented by neuroscience as lateralized in the right anterior cortical regions of our brains. At the core of this spring to action is emotion, and there is substantive empirical evidence of an association between negative affective evaluation and avoidance behavior (Chen & Bargh, 1999; Elliot & Thrash, 2002). That is, the pop-up ad annoys us, and we ignore it. Some researchers like Elliot and Thrash (2010) even suggest that approach and avoidance temperaments are basic dimensions of our personality. Perhaps you know someone who controls the remote in your household.

Although integrated marketing communication (IMC) has progressed towards midrange maturity level, its full-scale adoption has been impeded by a lack of consensus on its defining constructs. The purpose of this study is to move from abstraction to define the construct of strategic integration (SI) and develop this into a management tool, thus making an important contribution to both the theory and practice of IMC. Drawing from both IMC and strategic management literature, the construct of SI is operationalised into a number of key factors and a well-cited management model, Fuchs’ ‘integration valuator’ is explored as the starting point of a measurement tool for IMC. To do this, a Delphi study invites the scrutiny of an expert panel of world-leading IMC researchers and practitioners. The panel validated the model construction process,redefined overarching constructs and key factors with a high degree of consensus, supported a process measure, suggested a weighted evaluation measure and recognised the importance of developing such a measure. They delivered clear and consistent imperatives guiding model development. The result is a measure of SI that evaluates organisational proficiency and diagnoses the integration of IMC campaigns. It also advances theory by providing a better understanding of the construct of SI.

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to examine the concept of consumer power, in particular the power or bloggers in the online environment and how this might be applied to the regulation of advertising.Design/methodology/approachUtilising Denegri‐Knott's (2006) four on‐line power strategies, a content analysis of weblogs of Tourism Australia's “Where the bloody hell are you?” advertising campaign is undertaken. Blogger behaviour towards this controversial campaign is documented and consumer power strategies are examined.FindingsThis study reveals that bloggers are circumventing the traditional self regulatory process by distributing information, opinion, and even banned advertising material, thereby forming power hubs of like‐minded people, with the potential to become online pressure groups, augmenting the traditional powers of consumers in the self regulatory process.Research limitations/implicationsLimitations include a single case context and its exploration of a single media tool (weblogs). Also, bloggers are not representative of the general public, but do provide an alternative to the general category of complainants.Practical implicationsThe paper provides evidence that bloggers are defacto regulators in the online environment providing judgements on advertising campaigns, supporting those with like‐minded views and disciplining others, and even making banned advertisements publicly available. Advertisers should be mindful of this activity in developing campaigns, especially in formulating controversial campaigns aimed to be disseminated online.Originality/valueThe paper is the first to relate consumer power in the online environment to self‐regulation. It is also first to study a new group of advertising complainants – the bloggers.

One of the forces which has indelibly shaped marketing is the internet. It has not only changed the way we communicate, but our marketing practices and our advertising self-regulation process (Kerr, et al 2012). Most advertising self-regulatory frameworks are country specific and typically an artefact of culture and the national regulatory environment (Boddewyn 1989; Rotfeld 1992). The importance of protecting consumers from deceptive advertising is universal, and in trying to regulate a global medium, we need to integrate national concerns into global guidelines and international best practice. Currently there is no global framework for advertising self-regulation, even though there is an urgent need to both protect consumers in this unregulated environment and ensure marketers’ obligations for legal, decent and truthful advertising are met.

PurposeAlthough the branding literature emerged during the 1940s, research relating to tourism destination branding has only gained momentum since the late 1990s. There remains a lack of theory in particular that addresses the measurement of the effectiveness of destination branding over time. The purpose of this paper is to test the effectiveness of a model of consumer‐based brand equity (CBBE) for a country destination.Design/methodology/approachA model of CBBE was adapted from the marketing literature and applied to a nation context. The model was tested by using structural equation modelling with data from a large Chilean sample (n=845) comprising a mix of previous visitors and non‐visitors. The model fits the data well.FindingsThe paper reports the results of an investigation into brand equity for Australia as a long‐haul destination in an emerging market. The research took place just before the launch of the nation's fourth new brand campaign in six years. The results indicate Australia is a well‐known but not compelling destination brand for tourists in Chile, which reflects the lower priority the South American market has been given by the national tourism office.Practical implicationsThe paper suggested that CBBE measures could be analysed at various points in time to track any strengthening or weakening of market perceptions in relation to brand objectives. A standard CBBE instrument could provide long‐term effectiveness performance measures regardless of changes in destination marketing organisation staff, advertising agency, other stakeholders and budget.Originality/valueThe paper contributes to the nation‐branding literature by being one of the first to test the efficacy of a model of CBBE for a tourism destination brand.

This paper examines whether two key partners in the marketing communication process, advertising and public relations’ practitioners perceive IMC in the same way. It compares perceptions across a wide range of implementation, organizational and strategic issues in IMC to test if perceptions have moved past Stage 1 of IMC development (Schultz and Kitchen 2000). Although both advertising and PR practitioners concur with each other and the literature on a wide range of perceptions of IMC, they still believe that advertising and public relations practitioners have dissimilar views about IMC. PR practitioners position themselves as a separate breed of marketing communicator, requiring divergent skills from advertising practitioners and thinking differently about IMC.

Technology has provided consumers with the means to control and edit the information that they receive and share effectively, especially in the online environment. Although previous studies have investigated advertising avoidance in traditional media and on the Internet, there has been little investigation of advertising on social networking sites. This exploratory study examines the antecedents of advertising avoidance on online social networking sites, leading to the development of a model. The model suggests that advertising in the online social networking environment is more likely to be avoided if the user has expectations of a negative experience, the advertising is not relevant to the user, the user is skeptical toward the advertising message, or the consumer is skeptical toward the advertising medium.

This paper suggests that, while advertising has changed, advertising research has not. Indeed, questions asked of advertising research more than 20 years ago have still not been answered. The enormity of change in advertising compounded by the lack of response from researchers suggests the traditional academic advertising research model requires more than routine maintenance. It seeks an architect with vision to redesign an academic research model that is probably broken or badly outdated. Five areas of the academic research approach are identified as needing rethinking: (1) the advertising problem, (2) sample frame and subjects, (3) assumptions regarding consumer behaviour, (4) research methodologies and (5) findings. Suggestions are made for improvement. But perhaps the biggest challenge is academic leadership. This paper proposes the establishment of a blue-ribbon panel to report back on recommended changes or improvements.

Once, we thought that comparing advertising and public relations was a bit like comparing apples and oranges. But with integration the new flavour, many academics are trying to cut and combine and create a fruit salad that will entice their customers and satisfy their stakeholders. While this has produced some culinary triumphs, it has also produced heartburn in equal quantity. This paper seeks the perfect recipe for integrated marketing communication (IMC) education by asking a Delphi panel of IMC champions questions relating to the place of IMC in the university setting; the teaching, research and curriculum development issues and the future for IMC education. The panel draws a chaotic picture of IMC education and identifies some important obstacles to curriculum development. It also predicts a number of key challenges for the future, including turf wars; the lack of faculty experience and enthusiasm to embrace IMC and the desperate need to grow the IMC brand. But perhaps the greatest challenge is how t...

A study among Australian college students gauged their reactions to a television commercial produced for the US Commerce Department to bolster sagging tourism numbers among international visitors. In additional to using traditional measures applied to tourism advertisements, the study also included items to measure attitudes toward the US government and its people. Pre- and post-viewing results indicated that although the Hollywood-movie-themes commercial was not well received by the Australian students as a tourism message, it did result in more favourable attitudes toward the US government, although not the US people. The findings lend partial support for the potential of tourism advertising efforts to exert a 'bleed-over effect' in terms of their contribution to overall attitudes toward a country, regardless of whether viewers plan to visit the country whose travel advertisements of which they see.

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) has emerged as a dominant theme guiding business practice. Governments have embraced this philosophy and legislated to encourage socially responsible business practice in its many forms. While governments' endorsement of CSR practice is expressed in policy, the successful integration into its own practice is not evidenced in the literature. Using a case research method, this paper analyses the nature of Australian government advertising processes, developing a modified framework founded on Wood's (1991) Corporate Social Performance model and Maignan and Ferrell's (2004) CSR principles. This research is important because it provides an application model for CSR practice and provides government with a decision-making vehicle for CSR. Keywords: Corporate Social Responsibility; advertising; government; accountability

The Inside-Out approach used in this paper describes the implied educators’ perceptions of IMC. From an analysis of 87 IMC course syllabi from six countries and in-depth conversations with IMC program directors and developers, we sought to determine whether those who teach IMC have reached a consensus on what IMC is; whether they embrace, reject or simply tolerate this new discipline area; and specifically, how they are presenting IMC to the next generation of practitioners and scholars. The findings suggest that what is being taught around the world continues to be what would traditionally be considered promotions strategy, advertising management or marketing communication with minor IMC theory or content. For the most part, the syllabi we evaluated neither drew from the key constructs of IMC, nor were the key writers and published disciplinary research included in the course offerings. This gap—between what IMC writers have put forth, the established industry practices and what is being taught to the next generation of practitioners and academics—presents a significant challenge. This is a particular challenge to the scholars and teachers, who are charged with the responsibility of encouraging best practices, presenting the most current and relevant applications and research approaches and including the most current theory in their course delivery.

For the most part, the literature base for Integrated Marketing Communication (IMC) has developed from an applied or tactical level rather than from an intellectual or theoretical one. Since industry, practitioner and even academic studies have provided little insight into what IMC is and how it operates, our approach has been to investigate that other IMC community, that is, the academic or instructional group responsible for disseminating IMC knowledge. We proposed that the people providing course instruction and directing research activities have some basis for how they organize, consider and therefore instruct in the area of IMC. A syllabi analysis of 87 IMC units in six countries investigated the content of the unit, its delivery both physically and conceptually, and defined the audience of the unit. The study failed to discover any type of latent theoretical foundation that might be used as a base for understanding IMC. The students who are being prepared to extend, expand and enhance IMC concepts do not appear to be well-served by the curriculum we found in our research. The study concludes with a model for further IMC curriculum development.

Globalization has impacted upon the higher education sector, reducing the money available from government operating grants (Slaughter and Leslie 1997) and encouraging universities to find alternative sources of revenue (Harding 2006). The higher education landscape has produced several strategies for its survival, including executive education. While an established part of many university programs internationally, it is a relatively undeveloped option in advertising education in Australian universities.----- This study looks at where executive education might fit in the professional development continuum by examining curriculum preferences of advertising and public relations practitioners in Australia. In comparing their priorities, it finds some significant differences between the two disciplines, based largely on the relevance of the subject to their profession. It also finds some common ground in that both advertising and public relations practitioners are seeking strategic courses from executive education, as well as demonstrating a preference towards new disciplinary areas. Generic skills, a priority of undergraduate education and hire, are not strongly sought in executive education, which prefers strategic skills and emergent areas of practice.

We are the future: A Proposal for a Special Topic Session from the Students of the World" began as an international collaboration between like-minded and technology-fearing advertising academics."Star to the right..and straight on 'til morning." Videoconferencing exponentially grows the possibilities and the boundaries of academic collaboration.

Prior to 1996, the Australian system of advertising self-regulation was regarded as a world model and many Asia-Pacific systems included components adapted from the Australian system. The recent changes to this system, encouraged by the abolition of the media accreditation system, consumer association pressure, criticism from the national advertisers association and the lack of a strong advertising agency presence, present an interesting framework in which to review the foundation concepts of self-regulation in advertising. This paper compares the new code of ethics with its predecessor and an international standard. It examines the performance of the code in terms of the number of complaints upheld and complaint by medium and product type and the voluntary response of advertisers. The findings suggest a weakening in the standard of advertising self-regulation in Australia, with fewer provisions in the Code of Ethics, a significantly fewer number of complaints upheld and no real power of enforcement. Alth...

Although corporate identity was originally defined in terms of the visual representation of a company, later writers employed broader definitions, which have highlighted the importance of the various forms of communication in corporate identity management. Recent models of the corporate identity management process have reflected the importance of communication in the management of corporate identity. Corporate communication has been regarded as being composed of three forms: management, marketing and organizational communication. Most organizations are structured such that management and organizational communication are closely aligned with the corporate identity of an organization. However, the conjunction between corporate identity and marketing communication is less discernible. It has been noted that the interaction between corporate and marketing communication is 'tentative and embryonic in nature'. The authors conducted empirical research, which explored the extent to which corporate identity was in...

In Australia, advertising is a $13 billion industry that needs a supply of suitably skilled employees. Over the years, advertising education has developed from vocational-based courses to degree courses across the country. This study uses diffusion theory and various secondary sources and interviews to observe the development of advertising education in Australia from its early past to its current-day tertiary offerings, to discussing the issues that are arising in the near future. Six critical issues are identified, along with observations about the challenges and opportunities within Australian advertising education. By looking back to the future, it is hoped that this historical review provides lessons for other countries of similar educational structure or background, or even other marketing communication disciplines on a similar evolutionary path. © 2009 SAGE Publications.

A study of 556 students at colleges and universities in Australia, Hong Kong and Singapore explored the relationship between attitude towards the United States and brand attitudes and preferences. Singaporean student attitudes towards both the US Government and US people were higher than were those of the Australian and Hong Kong students. Coke, Nike and McDonald's were among both the most-liked and disliked US brands among the international students, a finding suggesting that brands may possess both a 'lovemark' status, as described in the literature, and its opposite — 'loathemark' status — within the same demographic group. US brand preference scores did not offer support for the belief that international consumers 'vote with their pocketbooks' by refusing to purchase US brands if they have a negative attitude towards the United States. Among Hong Kong and Singaporean students, favourable attitudes towards the purchase of US brands was found to be positively related to favourability towards the US Government.