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1. Implications of large-scale infrastructure development for biodiversity in Indonesian Borneo

Author

Spencer, Katie L., Deere, Nicolas J., Aini, Muhammad, Avriandy, Ryan, Campbell-Smith, Gail, Cheyne, Susan M., Gaveau, David L.A., Humle, Tatyana, Hutabarat, Joseph, Loken, Brent, Macdonald, David W., Marshall, Andrew J., Morgans, Courtney, Rayadin, Yaya, Sanchez, Karmele L., Spehar, Stephanie, Suanto, Sugardjito, Jito, Wittmer, Heiko U., Supriatna, Jatna, and Struebig, Matthew J.

Published
2023
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4. Slowing deforestation in Indonesia follows declining oil palm expansion and lower oil prices

Author

Gaveau, David L.A., Locatelli, Bruno, Salim, Mohammad A., Husnayaen, Manurung, Timer, Descals, Adrià, Angelsen, Arild, Meijaard, Erik, Sheil, Douglas, Gaveau, David L.A., Locatelli, Bruno, Salim, Mohammad A., Husnayaen, Manurung, Timer, Descals, Adrià, Angelsen, Arild, Meijaard, Erik, and Sheil, Douglas

Abstract

Much concern about tropical deforestation focuses on oil palm plantations, but their impacts remain poorly quantified. Using nation-wide interpretation of satellite imagery, and sample-based error calibration, we estimated the impact of large-scale (industrial) and smallholder oil palm plantations on natural old-growth (“primary”) forests from 2001 to 2019 in Indonesia, the world's largest palm oil producer. Over nineteen years, the area mapped under oil palm doubled, reaching 16.24 Mha in 2019 (64% industrial; 36% smallholder), more than the official estimates of 14.72 Mha. The forest area declined by 11% (9.79 Mha), including 32% (3.09 Mha) ultimately converted into oil palm, and 29% (2.85 Mha) cleared and converted in the same year. Industrial plantations replaced more forest than detected smallholder plantings (2.13 Mha vs 0.72 Mha). New plantations peaked in 2009 and 2012 and declined thereafter. Expansion of industrial plantations and forest loss were correlated with palm oil prices. A price decline of 1% was associated with a 1.08% decrease in new industrial plantations and with a 0.68% decrease of forest loss. Deforestation fell below pre-2004 levels in 2017–2019 providing an opportunity to focus on sustainable management. As the price of palm oil has doubled since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, effective regulation is key to minimising future forest conversion.

Published
2022

5. Declining severe fire activity on managed lands in Equatorial Asia

Author

Sloan, Sean, Locatelli, Bruno, Andela, Niels, Cattau, Megan E., Gaveau, David L.A., Tacconi, Luca, Sloan, Sean, Locatelli, Bruno, Andela, Niels, Cattau, Megan E., Gaveau, David L.A., and Tacconi, Luca

Abstract

Fire activity is declining globally due to intensifying land management, but trends remain uncertain for the humid tropics, particularly Equatorial Asia. Here, we report that rates of fire events deemed severe (≥75th severity percentile of 2002-2019) and very severe (≥90th percentile) for Indonesia declined 19-27% and 23-34% over 2002-2019, respectively, controlling for precipitation, where fire-event severity is given by total fire radiative power and duration. The severity of seasonal fire activity – a measure of extremeness – declined 16% in Sumatra and moderately elsewhere. Declines concentrated over mosaic croplands and nearby forest, accounting for one-fifth and one-quarter of fire activity, respectively, with each class contracting 11% amongst severe fire events. Declines were limited over mosaic lands with relatively limited cropping, despite accounting for a similar extent and one-fifth share of fire activity. Declines had an uncertain association with agricultural development but seemingly reflect related political and economic forces for economic and environmental security.

Published
2022

7. 2019 burned area map for Indonesia using Sentinel-2 data

Author

Gaveau, David L.A., Descals, Adrià, Salim, Mohammad A., Sheil, D., Sloan, Sean, Gaveau, David L.A., Descals, Adrià, Salim, Mohammad A., Sheil, D., and Sloan, Sean

Abstract

The dataset '2019_burnedarea_indonesia' contains an Indonesia-wide map of burned areas for 2019 derived based on an analysis of time-series Sentinel-2 imagery at spatial resolution: 20 m x 20 m. The reference dataset 'Reference_dataset' contains 1298 randomly-distributed reference sites used to validate the burned area dataset (SENTINEL) and two other burned area products: 1) the 2019 Landsat-8 Official estimate from the Indonesian Ministry of Environment and Forestry, and 2) the 2019 MODIS burned area product (MCD64A1). Each reference site includes attribute ‘REFERENCE’ to describe the values obtained by visual interpretation: either ‘NO’ unburned or ‘YES’ burned. Each reference point has three attributes: ‘C_SENTINEL’, ‘C_OFFICIAL’ and ‘C_MCD64A1’ to describe the values of the classification of each burned area product: either ‘NO’ unburned or ‘YES’ burned. Finally, each reference point has three additional attributes: ‘SENTINEL’, ‘OFFICIAL’, and MCD64A1’ to describe which burned area product this reference point validates. The values are either 0: not validate or 1: validate., The dataset '2019_burnedarea_indonesia' contains an Indonesia-wide map of burned areas for 2019 derived based on an analysis of time-series Sentinel-2 imagery at spatial resolution: 20 m x 20 m. The reference dataset 'Reference_dataset' contains 1298 randomly-distributed reference sites used to validate the burned area dataset (SENTINEL) and two other burned area products: 1) the 2019 Landsat-8 Official estimate from the Indonesian Ministry of Environment and Forestry, and 2) the 2019 MODIS burned area product (MCD64A1). Each reference site includes attribute ‘REFERENCE’ to describe the values obtained by visual interpretation: either ‘NO’ unburned or ‘YES’ burned. Each reference point has three attributes: ‘C_SENTINEL’, ‘C_OFFICIAL’ and ‘C_MCD64A1’ to describe the values of the classification of each burned area product: either ‘NO’ unburned or ‘YES’ burned. Finally, each reference point has three additional attributes: ‘SENTINEL’, ‘OFFICIAL’, and MCD64A1’ to describe which burned area product this reference point validates. The values are either 0: not validate or 1: validate.

Published
2021

8. Refined burned-area mapping protocol using Sentinel-2 data increases estimate of 2019 Indonesian burning

Author

Gaveau, David L.A., Descals, Adrià, Salim, Mohammad A., Sheil, D., Sloan, Sean, Gaveau, David L.A., Descals, Adrià, Salim, Mohammad A., Sheil, D., and Sloan, Sean

Abstract

Many nations are challenged by landscape fires. A confident knowledge of the area and distribution of burning is crucial to monitor these fires and to assess how they might best be reduced. Given the differences that arise using different detection approaches, and the uncertainties surrounding burned-area estimates, their relative merits require evaluation. Here we propose, illustrate, and examine one promising approach for Indonesia where recurring forest and peatland fires have become an international crisis. Drawing on Sentinel-2 satellite time-series analysis, we present and validate new 2019 burned-area estimates for Indonesia. The corresponding burned-area map is available at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4551243 (Gaveau et al., 2021a). We show that >3.11 million hectares (Mha) burned in 2019. This burned-area extent is double the Landsat-derived official estimate of 1.64 Mha from the Indonesian Ministry of Environment and Forestry and 50 % more that the MODIS MCD64A1 burned-area estimate of 2.03 Mha. Though we observed proportionally less peatland burning (31 % vs. 39 % and 40 % for the official and MCD64A1 products, respectively), in absolute terms we still observed a greater area of peatland affected (0.96 Mha) than the official estimate (0.64 Mha). This new burned-area dataset has greater reliability than these alternatives, attaining a user accuracy of 97.9 % (CI: 97.1 %–98.8 %) compared to 95.1 % (CI: 93.5 %–96.7 %) and 76 % (CI: 73.3 %–78.7 %), respectively. It omits fewer burned areas, particularly smaller- (<100 ha) to intermediate-sized (100–1000 ha) burns, attaining a producer accuracy of 75.6 % (CI: 68.3 %–83.0 %) compared to 49.5 % (CI: 42.5 %–56.6 %) and 53.1 % (CI: 45.8 %–60.5 %), respectively. The frequency–area distribution of the Sentinel-2 burn scars follows the apparent fractal-like power law or Pareto pattern often reported in other fire studies, suggesting good detection over several magnitudes of scale. Our relatively accurate estimates

Published
2021

10. Rise and fall of forest loss and industrial plantations in Borneo (2000–2017)

Author

Gaveau, David L.A., Locatelli, Bruno, Salim, Mohammad A., Yaen, Husna, Pacheco, Pablo, Sheil, Douglas, Gaveau, David L.A., Locatelli, Bruno, Salim, Mohammad A., Yaen, Husna, Pacheco, Pablo, and Sheil, Douglas

Abstract

The links between plantation expansion and deforestation in Borneo are debated. We used satellite imagery to map annual loss of old‐growth forests, expansion of industrial plantations (oil palm and pulpwood), and their overlap in Borneo from 2001 to 2017. In 17 years, forest area declined by 14% (6.04 Mha), including 3.06 Mha of forest ultimately converted into industrial plantations. Plantations expanded by 170% (6.20 Mha: 88% oil palm; 12% pulpwood). Most forests converted to plantations were cleared and planted in the same year (92%; 2.83 Mha). Annual forest loss generally increased before peaking in 2016 (0.61 Mha) and declining sharply in 2017 (0.25 Mha). After peaks in 2009 and 2012, plantation expansion and associated forest conversion have been declining in Indonesia and Malaysia. Annual plantation expansion is positively correlated with annual forest loss in both countries. The correlation vanishes when we consider plantation expansion versus forests that are cleared but not converted to plantations. The price of crude palm oil is positively correlated with plantation expansion in the following year in Indonesian (not Malaysian) Borneo. Low palm oil prices, wet conditions, and improved fire prevention all likely contributed to reduced 2017 deforestation. Oversight of company conduct requires transparent concession ownership.

Published
2019

11. Independent Monitoring: Building trust and consensus around GHG data for increased accountability of mitigation in the land use sector

Author

Böttcher, Hannes, Herrmann, I., Herold, M., Romijn, J.E., Roman Cuesta, R.M., Avitabile, V., de Sy, V., Martius, Christopher, Gaveau, David L.A., Fritz, Steffen, Schepaschenko, Dmitry, and Dunwoody, A.

Subjects
Laboratory of Geo-information Science and Remote Sensing, Life Science, Laboratorium voor Geo-informatiekunde en Remote Sensing, PE&RC
Abstract

The Paris Agreement stresses the importance of the land use sector and many countries have included land use sector targets in their nationally determined contributions (NDCs). They will need to account for emissions and removals from the sector in a manner that promotes transparency, accuracy, completeness, comparability and consistency. Stakeholders involved have therefore called for "independent monitoring” (IM) approaches, i.e. authoritative, unbiased sources of information that they could rely on for their specific needs. More and more datasets and portals that serve these needs have recently emerged (e.g. Global Forest Watch, OpenForis). A stakeholder survey was carried out to identify the level of satisfaction with existing datasets and portals. These were also assessed in a SWORG analysis. We identified common misunderstandings and challenges, such as technical data issues, difficulties regarding data use and interpretation and issues of access and capacities. There is also a lack of awareness and capacities to use IM approaches. In four case studies we illustrate possible pathways to overcome these challenges. We present key elements that are considered to be essential for effective use of IM approaches for land use sector MRV. Bringing the assessment of user needs, opportunities for existing approaches and identification of gaps together, we formulate concrete recommendations for specific stakeholder groups, including data providers and users.

Published
2018

13. Role of the Madden-Julian oscillation in the transport of smoke from Sumatra to the malay peninsula during severe Non-El Niño Haze events

Author

Koplitz, S.N., Mickley, L.J., Jacob, D.J., Marlier, Miriam E., Defries, Ruth, Gaveau, David L.A., Locatelli, Bruno, Reid, J.S., Xian, P., Myers, S.S., Koplitz, S.N., Mickley, L.J., Jacob, D.J., Marlier, Miriam E., Defries, Ruth, Gaveau, David L.A., Locatelli, Bruno, Reid, J.S., Xian, P., and Myers, S.S.

Abstract

In June 2013, the Malay Peninsula experienced severe smoke pollution, with daily surface particulate matter (PM) concentrations in Singapore greater than 350 μg/m3, over 2 times the air quality standard for daily mean PM10 set by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Unlike most haze episodes in the Malay Peninsula in recent decades (e.g., the September 2015 event), the June 2013 haze occurred in the absence of an El Niño, during negative Indian Ocean Dipole conditions, with smoke carried eastward to the Peninsula from fires in the Riau province of central Sumatra. We show that June 2013 was not an exceptional event; inspection of visibility data during 2005–2015 reveals two other severe haze events in the Malay Peninsula (August 2005 and October 2010) occurring under similar conditions. Common to all three events was a combination of anomalously strong westerly winds over Riau province concurrent with late phases of the Real‐Time Multivariate Madden‐Julian Oscillation Index, during negative phases of the Indian Ocean Dipole. Our work suggests that identifying the meteorological mechanism driving these westerly wind anomalies could help stakeholders prepare for future non‐El Niño haze events in Singapore and the Malay Peninsula.

Published
2018

15. Trees, forests and water: cool insights for a hot world

Author

Ellison, David, Morris, Cindy E., Locatelli, Bruno, Sheil, Douglas, Cohen, Jane, Murdiyarso, Daniel, Gutierrez, Victoria, Van Noordwijk, Meine, Creed, Irena F., Pokorny, Jan, Gaveau, David L.A., Spracklen, Dominick V., Bargués Tobella, Aida, Ilstedt, Ulrik, Teuling, Adriaan, Gebreyohannis Gebrehiwot, Solomon, Sands, David C., Muys, Bart, Verbist, Bruno, Springgay, Elaine, Sugandi, Yulia, Sullivan, Caroline A., Ellison, David, Morris, Cindy E., Locatelli, Bruno, Sheil, Douglas, Cohen, Jane, Murdiyarso, Daniel, Gutierrez, Victoria, Van Noordwijk, Meine, Creed, Irena F., Pokorny, Jan, Gaveau, David L.A., Spracklen, Dominick V., Bargués Tobella, Aida, Ilstedt, Ulrik, Teuling, Adriaan, Gebreyohannis Gebrehiwot, Solomon, Sands, David C., Muys, Bart, Verbist, Bruno, Springgay, Elaine, Sugandi, Yulia, and Sullivan, Caroline A.

Abstract

Forest-driven water and energy cycles are poorly integrated into regional, national, continental and global decision-making on climate change adaptation, mitigation, land use and water management. This constrains humanity's ability to protect our planet's climate and life-sustaining functions. The substantial body of research we review reveals that forest, water and energy interactions provide the foundations for carbon storage, for cooling terrestrial surfaces and for distributing water resources. Forests and trees must be recognized as prime regulators within the water, energy and carbon cycles. If these functions are ignored, planners will be unable to assess, adapt to or mitigate the impacts of changing land cover and climate. Our call to action targets a reversal of paradigms, from a carbon-centric model to one that treats the hydrologic and climate-cooling effects of trees and forests as the first order of priority. For reasons of sustainability, carbon storage must remain a secondary, though valuable, by-product. The effects of tree cover on climate at local, regional and continental scales offer benefits that demand wider recognition. The forest- and tree-centered research insights we review and analyze provide a knowledge-base for improving plans, policies and actions. Our understanding of how trees and forests influence water, energy and carbon cycles has important implications, both for the structure of planning, management and governance institutions, as well as for how trees and forests might be used to improve sustainability, adaptation and mitigation efforts.

Published
2017

16. Denial of long-term issues with agriculture on tropical peatlands will have devastating consequences

Author

Wijedasa, Lahiru S., Jauhiainen, Jyrki, Önönen, Mari K., Lampela, Maija, Vasander, Harri, LeBlanc, Marie-Claire, Evers, Stephanie, Smith, Thomas E.L., Yule, Catherine M., Varkkey, Helena, Lupascu, Massimo, Parish, Faizal, Singleton, Ian, Clements, Gopalasamy R., Aziz, Sheema Abdul, Harrison, Mark E., Cheyne, Susan, Anshari, Gusti Z., Meijaard, Erik, Goldstein, Jenny E., Waldron, Susan, Hergoualc'h, Kristell, Dommain, Rene, Frolking, Steve, Evans, Christopher D., Posa, Mary Rose C., Glaser, Paul H., Suryadiputra, Nyoman, Lubis, Reza, Santika, Truly, Padfield, Rory, Kurnianto, Sofyan, Hadisiswoyo, Panut, Lim, Teck Wyn, Page, Susan E., Gauci, Vincent, van der Meer, Peter J., Buckland, Helen, Garnier, Fabien, Samuel, Marshall K., Choo, Liza Nuriati Lim Kim, O'Reilly, Patrick, Warren, Matthew, Suksuwan, Surin, Sumarga, Elham, Jain, Anuj, Laurance, William F., Couwenberg, John, Joosten, Hans, Vernimmen, Ronald, Hooijer, Aljosja, Malins, Chris, Cochrane, Mark A., Perumal, Balu, Siegert, Florian, Peh, Kelvin S.-H., Comeau, Louis-Pierre, Verchot, Louis, Harvey, Charles F., Cobb, Alex, Jaafar, Zeehan, Wösten, Henk, Manuri, Solichin, Müller, Moritz, Giesen, Wim, Phelps, Jacob, Yong, Ding Li, Silvius, Marcel, Wedeux, Béatrice M.M., Hoyt, Alison, Osaki, Mitsuru, Takashi, Hirano, Takahashi, Hidenori, Kohyama, Takashi S., Haraguchi, Akira, Nugroho, Nunung P., Coomes, David A., Quoi, Le Phat, Dohong, Alue, Gunawan, Haris, Gaveau, David L.A., Langner, Andreas, Lim, Felix K.S., Edwards, David P., Giam, Xingli, van der Werf, Guido, Carmenta, Rachel, Verwer, Caspar C., Gibson, Luke, Grandois, Laure, Graham, Laura Linda Bozena, Regalino, Jhanson, Wich, Serge A., Rieley, Jack, Kettridge, Nicholas, Brown, Chloe, Pirard, Romain, Moore, Sam, Capilla, B. Ripoll, Ballhorn, Uwe, Ho, Hua Chew, Hoscilo, Agata, Lohberger, Sandra, Evans, Theodore A., Yulianti, Nina, Blackham, Grace, Onrizal, Husson, Simon, Murdiyarso, Daniel, Pangala, Sunita, Cole, Lydia E.S., Tacconi, Luca, Segah, Hendrik, Tonoto, Prayoto, Lee, Janice S.H., Schmilewski, Gerald, Wulffraat, Stephan, Putra, Erianto Indra, Cattau, Megan E., Clymo, R.S., Morrison, Ross, Mujahid, Aazani, Miettinen, Jukka, Liew, Soo Chin, Valpola, Samu, Wilson, David, D'Arcy, Laura, Gerding, Michiel, Sundari, Siti, Thornton, Sara A., Kalisz, Barbara, Chapman, Stephen J., Su, Ahmad Suhaizi Mat, Basuki, Imam, Itoh, Masayuki, Traeholt, Carl, Sloan, Sean, Sayok, Alexander K., Andersen, Roxane, Wijedasa, Lahiru S., Jauhiainen, Jyrki, Önönen, Mari K., Lampela, Maija, Vasander, Harri, LeBlanc, Marie-Claire, Evers, Stephanie, Smith, Thomas E.L., Yule, Catherine M., Varkkey, Helena, Lupascu, Massimo, Parish, Faizal, Singleton, Ian, Clements, Gopalasamy R., Aziz, Sheema Abdul, Harrison, Mark E., Cheyne, Susan, Anshari, Gusti Z., Meijaard, Erik, Goldstein, Jenny E., Waldron, Susan, Hergoualc'h, Kristell, Dommain, Rene, Frolking, Steve, Evans, Christopher D., Posa, Mary Rose C., Glaser, Paul H., Suryadiputra, Nyoman, Lubis, Reza, Santika, Truly, Padfield, Rory, Kurnianto, Sofyan, Hadisiswoyo, Panut, Lim, Teck Wyn, Page, Susan E., Gauci, Vincent, van der Meer, Peter J., Buckland, Helen, Garnier, Fabien, Samuel, Marshall K., Choo, Liza Nuriati Lim Kim, O'Reilly, Patrick, Warren, Matthew, Suksuwan, Surin, Sumarga, Elham, Jain, Anuj, Laurance, William F., Couwenberg, John, Joosten, Hans, Vernimmen, Ronald, Hooijer, Aljosja, Malins, Chris, Cochrane, Mark A., Perumal, Balu, Siegert, Florian, Peh, Kelvin S.-H., Comeau, Louis-Pierre, Verchot, Louis, Harvey, Charles F., Cobb, Alex, Jaafar, Zeehan, Wösten, Henk, Manuri, Solichin, Müller, Moritz, Giesen, Wim, Phelps, Jacob, Yong, Ding Li, Silvius, Marcel, Wedeux, Béatrice M.M., Hoyt, Alison, Osaki, Mitsuru, Takashi, Hirano, Takahashi, Hidenori, Kohyama, Takashi S., Haraguchi, Akira, Nugroho, Nunung P., Coomes, David A., Quoi, Le Phat, Dohong, Alue, Gunawan, Haris, Gaveau, David L.A., Langner, Andreas, Lim, Felix K.S., Edwards, David P., Giam, Xingli, van der Werf, Guido, Carmenta, Rachel, Verwer, Caspar C., Gibson, Luke, Grandois, Laure, Graham, Laura Linda Bozena, Regalino, Jhanson, Wich, Serge A., Rieley, Jack, Kettridge, Nicholas, Brown, Chloe, Pirard, Romain, Moore, Sam, Capilla, B. Ripoll, Ballhorn, Uwe, Ho, Hua Chew, Hoscilo, Agata, Lohberger, Sandra, Evans, Theodore A., Yulianti, Nina, Blackham, Grace, Onrizal, Husson, Simon, Murdiyarso, Daniel, Pangala, Sunita, Cole, Lydia E.S., Tacconi, Luca, Segah, Hendrik, Tonoto, Prayoto, Lee, Janice S.H., Schmilewski, Gerald, Wulffraat, Stephan, Putra, Erianto Indra, Cattau, Megan E., Clymo, R.S., Morrison, Ross, Mujahid, Aazani, Miettinen, Jukka, Liew, Soo Chin, Valpola, Samu, Wilson, David, D'Arcy, Laura, Gerding, Michiel, Sundari, Siti, Thornton, Sara A., Kalisz, Barbara, Chapman, Stephen J., Su, Ahmad Suhaizi Mat, Basuki, Imam, Itoh, Masayuki, Traeholt, Carl, Sloan, Sean, Sayok, Alexander K., and Andersen, Roxane

Abstract

Letter to the Editor.

Published
2017

18. Comparison of visual and automated oil palm mapping in Borneo.

Author

Miettinen, Jukka, Gaveau, David L.A., and Liew, Soo Chin

Subjects
*OIL palm, *LAND use, *LAND cover, *REMOTE sensing, *PLANTATIONS
Abstract

Around 16 Mha of land is estimated to be under oil palm agriculture in insular Southeast Asia. There is a growing need to verify that palm oil is produced without causing negative environmental effects. Monitoring changes in the extent and condition of oil palm plantations by remote sensing is the first necessary step. The changing appearance of oil palm plantations as they age and the varying types (industrial and small-holder) of oil palm cultivation renders this monitoring task difficult. In this study we assess the potential of visual and automated mapping methods for regional-level oil palm monitoring by comparing the results of two recent large-scale mapping efforts in Borneo Island, shared by Indonesia and Malaysia. Large differences were found between visual and automated methods, mainly related to the concept of land use versus land cover. Automated oil palm mapping produced 35% smaller oil palm extent than visual mapping for plantation areas established before 2005 and was not able to detect young or newly established plantations. In total, the visual method detected 8.0 Mha of industrial oil palm plantation area, within which the automated method detected merely 3.8 Mha of closed canopy oil palm, highlighting the crucial importance of visual mapping approaches for outlining boundaries of industrial oil palm plantations. However, the automated approach enabled estimation of the extent of (1) productive closed canopy oil palm area and other land-cover types within known industrial plantations and (2) closed canopy oil palm stands outside of known industrial plantations (0.6 Mha). These results advocate the combined use of visual and optical oil palm mapping approaches for comprehensive regional-level monitoring of oil palm plantations in insular Southeast Asia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2019
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21. Targeted Conservation to Safeguard a Biodiversity Hotspot from Climate and Land-Cover Change

Author

Struebig, Matthew J., Wilting, Andreas, Gaveau, David L.A., Meijaard, Erik, Smith, Robert J., Fischer, Manuela, Metcalfe, Kristian, Kramer-Schadt, Stephanie, Struebig, Matthew J., Wilting, Andreas, Gaveau, David L.A., Meijaard, Erik, Smith, Robert J., Fischer, Manuela, Metcalfe, Kristian, and Kramer-Schadt, Stephanie

Abstract

Responses of biodiversity to changes in both land cover and climate are recognized [1] but still poorly understood [2]. This poses significant challenges for spatial planning as species could shift, contract, expand, or maintain their range inside or outside protected areas [2, 3 and 4]. We examine this problem in Borneo, a global biodiversity hotspot [5], using spatial prioritization analyses that maximize species conservation under multiple environmental-change forecasts. Climate projections indicate that 11%–36% of Bornean mammal species will lose ?30% of their habitat by 2080, and suitable ecological conditions will shift upslope for 23%–46%. Deforestation exacerbates this process, increasing the proportion of species facing comparable habitat loss to 30%–49%, a 2-fold increase on historical trends. Accommodating these distributional changes will require conserving land outside existing protected areas, but this may be less than anticipated from models incorporating deforestation alone because some species will colonize high-elevation reserves. Our results demonstrate the increasing importance of upland reserves and that relatively small additions (16,000–28,000 km2) to the current conservation estate could provide substantial benefits to biodiversity facing changes to land cover and climate. On Borneo, much of this land is under forestry jurisdiction, warranting targeted conservation partnerships to safeguard biodiversity in an era of global change.

Published
2015

22. Alternative futures for Borneo show the value of integrating economic and conservation targets across borders

Author

Runting, Rebecca K., primary, Meijaard, Erik, additional, Abram, Nicola K., additional, Wells, Jessie A., additional, Gaveau, David L.A., additional, Ancrenaz, Marc, additional, Possingham, Hugh P., additional, Wich, Serge A., additional, Ardiansyah, Fitrian, additional, Gumal, Melvin T., additional, Ambu, Laurentius N., additional, and Wilson, Kerrie A., additional

Published
2015
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24. Major atmospheric emissions from peat fires in Southeast Asia during non-drought years: Evidence from the 2013 Sumatran fires

Author

Gaveau, David L.A., Salim, Mohammad A., Hergoualc'h, Kristell, Locatelli, Bruno, Sloan, Sean, Wooster, Martin, Marlier, Miriam E., Molidena, Elis, Yaen, Husna, Defries, Ruth, Verchot, Louis, Murdiyarso, Daniel, Nasi, Robert, Holmgren, Peter, Sheil, Douglas, Gaveau, David L.A., Salim, Mohammad A., Hergoualc'h, Kristell, Locatelli, Bruno, Sloan, Sean, Wooster, Martin, Marlier, Miriam E., Molidena, Elis, Yaen, Husna, Defries, Ruth, Verchot, Louis, Murdiyarso, Daniel, Nasi, Robert, Holmgren, Peter, and Sheil, Douglas

Abstract

Trans-boundary haze events in Southeast Asia are associated with large forest and peatland fires in Indonesia. These episodes of extreme air pollution usually occur during drought years induced by climate anomalies from the Pacific (El Nin¿o Southern Oscillation) and Indian Oceans (Indian Ocean Dipole). However, in June 2013 - a non-drought year - Singapore's 24-hr Pollutants Standards Index reached an all-time record 246 (rated ''very unhealthy''). Here, we show using remote sensing, rainfall records and other data, that the Indonesian fires behind the 2013 haze followed a two-month dry spell in a wetter-than-average year. These fires were short-lived (one week) and limited to a localized area in Central Sumatra (1.6% of Indonesia): burning an estimated 163,336 ha, including 137,044 ha (84%) on peat. Most burning was confined to deforested lands (82%; 133,216 ha). The greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions during this brief, localized event were considerable: 172 6 59 Tg CO2-eq (or 31 6 12 Tg C), representing 5-10% of Indonesia's mean annual GHG emissions for 2000-2005. Our observations show that extreme air pollution episodes in Southeast Asia are no longer restricted to drought years. We expect major haze events to be increasingly frequent because of ongoing deforestation of Indonesian peatlands.

Published
2014

25. Synergies across a REDD+ landscape: Non-carbon benefits, joint mitigation and adaptation, and an analysis of submissions to the SBSTA

Author

Elias, Pipa, Leonard, Stephen, Cando, Lee, Fedele, Giacomo, Gaveau, David L.A., Locatelli, Bruno, Martius, Christopher, Murdiyarso, Daniel, Sunderlin, William D., Verchot, Louis, Elias, Pipa, Leonard, Stephen, Cando, Lee, Fedele, Giacomo, Gaveau, David L.A., Locatelli, Bruno, Martius, Christopher, Murdiyarso, Daniel, Sunderlin, William D., and Verchot, Louis

Abstract

International policy makers are currently exploring methodological matters associated with non-carbon benefits and joint mitigation and adaptation approaches as they relate to REDD+. Although few pilot projects are exploring these issues, emerging evidence shows how these approaches can be implemented on the ground. This analysis draws from the scientific literature on non-carbon benefits and joint mitigation and adaptation, evaluates recent submissions to the SBSTA on these issues, and intends to inform the negotiations on these approaches.

Published
2014

26. Overlapping Land Claims Limit the Use of Satellites to Monitor No-Deforestation Commitments and No-Burning Compliance.

Author

Gaveau, David L.A., Pirard, Romain, Salim, Mohammad A., Tonoto, Prayoto, Yaen, Husna, Parks, Sean A., and Carmenta, Rachel

Subjects
*PRODUCE trade, *SUPPLY chains, *PLANTATIONS, *LAND tenure, *DEFORESTATION
Abstract

Worldwide many businesses have recently pledged to sourcing agricultural and timber products exclusively from deforestation and fire-free supply chains. Geoinvestigations-monitoring the activities of plantation companies using satellites and concession maps-are now applied to identify which companies breach their commitments and regulations. We investigate the limitations of geoinvestigations by analyzing land-use and fire in and around 163 Indonesian concessions of oil-palm and pulpwood, where recurring forest and peatland fires are a national and international concern. We reveal a mismatch between de jure and de facto land occupancy inside and outside concessions. Independent farmers are present in concessions while some companies expand outside concessions. Thus, both actors may be responsible for deforestation and fire inside and outside concessions. On peatland, fire can start outside and spread into concessions, while draining in concessions may promote fire outside. These dynamics make attribution of fire and deforestation in Indonesian concessions impossible without detailed field investigations. This study highlights the need to combine very high-resolution satellite data with extensive field investigations of de facto land ownership, claims and disputes inside and outside concessions. In Indonesia, such activities could fall under the One Map Policy, whose remit is to identify and resolve overlapping land claims. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2017
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31. Three decades of deforestation in southwest Sumatra: Effects of coffee prices, law enforcement and rural poverty

Author

Gaveau, David L.A., Linkie, Matthew, Suyadi, Levang, Patrice, and Leader-Williams, Nigel

Subjects
*DEFORESTATION, *COFFEE, *LAW enforcement, *RURAL poor, *CONSERVATIONISTS, *BIODIVERSITY research, *EMPIRICAL research, *ECONOMICS
Abstract

In situ conservation of tropical forests often requires restricting human use and occupancy within protected areas by enforcing regulations. However, law enforcement interventions that seek to prevent deforestation rarely have been evaluated. Conservationists increasingly recognize the need to measure the effectiveness of their interventions, using an indicator of biodiversity change, such as rate of deforestation, and a counterfactual approach that addresses a fundamental question: what would have happened had there been no intervention? This study examines how law enforcement can mitigate habitat loss from small-holder coffee growing by comparing 34 years of empirical data on deforestation rates and coffee prices across a zone of high law enforcement and a zone of low law enforcement using satellite imagery, ecological data, interviews, and GIS modeling. In the early 1980s strong law enforcement efforts were found to reduce deforestation inside Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park (BBSNP), southwest Sumatra. However, law enforcement efforts were weak in remote areas of BBSNP, where high coffee prices spurred rapid deforestation. Furthermore, law enforcement efforts were reversed by the 1997–1998 Asian economic crisis, the fall of the national president, and by new regulations surrounding regional autonomy. These findings indicate that law enforcement is critical but insufficient alone. They also highlight that rising costs of agricultural commodities can be detrimental to tropical forests and their associated biodiversity. In the long run one must act to decrease the incentives for coffee cultivation. A multi-faceted strategy that includes law enforcement and incentives to reduce poverty around PAs is proposed. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Published
2009
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32. Forest woody biomass classification with satellite-based radar coherence over 900 000 km2 in Central Siberia.

Author

Gaveau, David L.A., Balzter, Heiko, and Plummer, Stephen

Subjects
BIOMASS, FORESTS & forestry, INTERFEROMETRY
Abstract

In the current context of global deforestation and global warming, a wide range of organisations, with local to international remits, need estimates of forest biomass to assess the state of the World’s forests and their rate of change. The task would be impossible without space-based Earth observation, which allows the rapid generation of extensive data sets describing land surface properties. It is the task of remote sensing scientists to interpret these data into a meaningful source of forest information. Here, a fast and easily automated method for classifying boreal forests in terms of growing stock volume is presented. The work was conducted as part of the SIBERIA project, which has resulted in the recent publication of a map of forest growing stock volume covering 900 000 km2 in Central Siberia. The paper describes the use of satellite-based radar coherence to differentiate categories of forest growing stock volume, the application of this method to classify and map Central Siberian forests, and the characterisation of the forest classes to help in the interpretation. A list of acronyms and abbreviations used in the text is provided in . [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Published
2003
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33. Denial of long-term issues with agriculture on tropical peatlands will have devastating consequences

Author

Wijedasa, Lahiru S., Jauhiainen, Jyrki, Könönen, Mari, Lampela, Maija, Vasander, Harri, LeBlanc, Marie-Claire, Evers, Stephanie, Smith, Thomas E.L., Yule, Catherine M., Varkkey, Helena, Lupascu, Massimo, Parish, Faizal, Singleton, Ian, Clements, Gopalasamy R., Aziz, Sheema Abdul, Harrison, Mark E., Cheyne, Susan, Anshari, Gusti Z., Meijaard, Erik, Goldstein, Jenny E., Waldron, Susan, Hergoualc'h, Kristell, Dommain, René, Frolking, Steve, Evans, Christopher D., Posa, Mary Rose C., Glaser, Paul H., Suryadiputra, Nyoman, Lubis, Reza, Santika, Truly, Padfield, Rory, Kurnianto, Sofyan, Hadisiswoyo, Panut, Lim, Teck Wyn, Page, Susan E., Gauci, Vincent, van der Meer, Peter J, Buckland, Helen, Garnier, Fabien, Samuel, Marshall K., Choo, Liza Nuriati Lim Kim, O'Reilly, Patrick, Warren, Matthew, Suksuwan, Surin, Sumarga, Elham, Jain, Anuj, Laurance, William F., Couwenberg, John, Joosten, Hans, Vernimmen, Ronald, Hooijer, Aljosja, Malins, Chris, Cochrane, Mark A., Perumal, Balu, Siegert, Florian, Peh, Kelvin S.-H., Comeau, Louis-Pierre, Verchot, Louis, Harvey, Charles F., Cobb, Alex, Jaafar, Zeehan, Wösten, Henk, Manuri, Solichin, Müller, Moritz, Giesen, Wim, Phelps, Jacob, Yong, Ding Li, Silvius, Marcel, Wedeux, Béatrice M. M., Hoyt, Alison, Osaki, Mitsuru, Takashi, Hirano, Takahashi, Hidenori, Kohyama, Takashi S., Haraguchi, Akira, Nugroho, Nunung P., Coomes, David A., Quoi, Le Phat, Dohong, Alue, Gunawan, Haris, Gaveau, David L.A., Langner, Andreas, Lim, Felix K. S., Edwards, David P., Giam, Xingli, van der Werf, Guido, Carmenta, Rachel, Verwer, Caspar C., Gibson, Luke, Grandois, Laure, Graham, Laura Linda Bozena, Regalino, Jhanson, Wich, Serge A., Rieley, Jack, Kettridge, Nicholas, Brown, Chloe, Pirard, Romain, Moore, Sam, Ripoll Capilla, B., Ballhorn, Uwe, Ho, Hua Chew, Hoscilo, Agata, Lohberger, Sandra, Evans, Theodore A., Yulianti, Nina, Blackham, Grace, Onrizal, Husson, Simon, Murdiyarso, Daniel, Pangala, Sunita, Cole, Lydia E.S., Tacconi, Luca, Segah, Hendrik, Tonoto, Prayoto, Lee, Janice S.H., Schmilewski, Gerald, Wulffraat, Stephan, Putra, Erianto Indra, Cattau, Megan E., Clymo, R.S., Morrison, Ross, Mujahid, Aazani, Miettinen, Jukka, Liew, Soo Chin, Valpola, Samu, Wilson, David, D'Arcy, Laura, Gerding, Michiel, Sundari, Siti, Thornton, Sara A., Kalisz, Barbara, Chapman, Stephen J., Su, Ahmad Suhaizi Mat, Basuki, Imam, Itoh, Masayuki, Traeholt, Carl, Sloan, Sean, Sayok, Alexander K., Andersen, Roxane, Wijedasa, Lahiru S., Jauhiainen, Jyrki, Könönen, Mari, Lampela, Maija, Vasander, Harri, LeBlanc, Marie-Claire, Evers, Stephanie, Smith, Thomas E.L., Yule, Catherine M., Varkkey, Helena, Lupascu, Massimo, Parish, Faizal, Singleton, Ian, Clements, Gopalasamy R., Aziz, Sheema Abdul, Harrison, Mark E., Cheyne, Susan, Anshari, Gusti Z., Meijaard, Erik, Goldstein, Jenny E., Waldron, Susan, Hergoualc'h, Kristell, Dommain, René, Frolking, Steve, Evans, Christopher D., Posa, Mary Rose C., Glaser, Paul H., Suryadiputra, Nyoman, Lubis, Reza, Santika, Truly, Padfield, Rory, Kurnianto, Sofyan, Hadisiswoyo, Panut, Lim, Teck Wyn, Page, Susan E., Gauci, Vincent, van der Meer, Peter J, Buckland, Helen, Garnier, Fabien, Samuel, Marshall K., Choo, Liza Nuriati Lim Kim, O'Reilly, Patrick, Warren, Matthew, Suksuwan, Surin, Sumarga, Elham, Jain, Anuj, Laurance, William F., Couwenberg, John, Joosten, Hans, Vernimmen, Ronald, Hooijer, Aljosja, Malins, Chris, Cochrane, Mark A., Perumal, Balu, Siegert, Florian, Peh, Kelvin S.-H., Comeau, Louis-Pierre, Verchot, Louis, Harvey, Charles F., Cobb, Alex, Jaafar, Zeehan, Wösten, Henk, Manuri, Solichin, Müller, Moritz, Giesen, Wim, Phelps, Jacob, Yong, Ding Li, Silvius, Marcel, Wedeux, Béatrice M. M., Hoyt, Alison, Osaki, Mitsuru, Takashi, Hirano, Takahashi, Hidenori, Kohyama, Takashi S., Haraguchi, Akira, Nugroho, Nunung P., Coomes, David A., Quoi, Le Phat, Dohong, Alue, Gunawan, Haris, Gaveau, David L.A., Langner, Andreas, Lim, Felix K. S., Edwards, David P., Giam, Xingli, van der Werf, Guido, Carmenta, Rachel, Verwer, Caspar C., Gibson, Luke, Grandois, Laure, Graham, Laura Linda Bozena, Regalino, Jhanson, Wich, Serge A., Rieley, Jack, Kettridge, Nicholas, Brown, Chloe, Pirard, Romain, Moore, Sam, Ripoll Capilla, B., Ballhorn, Uwe, Ho, Hua Chew, Hoscilo, Agata, Lohberger, Sandra, Evans, Theodore A., Yulianti, Nina, Blackham, Grace, Onrizal, Husson, Simon, Murdiyarso, Daniel, Pangala, Sunita, Cole, Lydia E.S., Tacconi, Luca, Segah, Hendrik, Tonoto, Prayoto, Lee, Janice S.H., Schmilewski, Gerald, Wulffraat, Stephan, Putra, Erianto Indra, Cattau, Megan E., Clymo, R.S., Morrison, Ross, Mujahid, Aazani, Miettinen, Jukka, Liew, Soo Chin, Valpola, Samu, Wilson, David, D'Arcy, Laura, Gerding, Michiel, Sundari, Siti, Thornton, Sara A., Kalisz, Barbara, Chapman, Stephen J., Su, Ahmad Suhaizi Mat, Basuki, Imam, Itoh, Masayuki, Traeholt, Carl, Sloan, Sean, Sayok, Alexander K., and Andersen, Roxane

Abstract

The first International Peat Congress (IPC) held in the tropics - in Kuching (Malaysia) - brought together over 1000 international peatland scientists and industrial partners from across the world (“International Peat Congress with over 1000 participants!,” 2016). The congress covered all aspects of peatland ecosystems and their management, with a strong focus on the environmental, societal and economic challenges associated with contemporary large-scale agricultural conversion of tropical peat.

34. Denial of long-term issues with agriculture on tropical peatlands will have devastating consequences

Author

Wijedasa, Lahiru S., Jauhiainen, Jyrki, Könönen, Mari, Lampela, Maija, Vasander, Harri, LeBlanc, Marie-Claire, Evers, Stephanie, Smith, Thomas E.L., Yule, Catherine M., Varkkey, Helena, Lupascu, Massimo, Parish, Faizal, Singleton, Ian, Clements, Gopalasamy R., Aziz, Sheema Abdul, Harrison, Mark E., Cheyne, Susan, Anshari, Gusti Z., Meijaard, Erik, Goldstein, Jenny E., Waldron, Susan, Hergoualc'h, Kristell, Dommain, René, Frolking, Steve, Evans, Christopher D., Posa, Mary Rose C., Glaser, Paul H., Suryadiputra, Nyoman, Lubis, Reza, Santika, Truly, Padfield, Rory, Kurnianto, Sofyan, Hadisiswoyo, Panut, Lim, Teck Wyn, Page, Susan E., Gauci, Vincent, van der Meer, Peter J, Buckland, Helen, Garnier, Fabien, Samuel, Marshall K., Choo, Liza Nuriati Lim Kim, O'Reilly, Patrick, Warren, Matthew, Suksuwan, Surin, Sumarga, Elham, Jain, Anuj, Laurance, William F., Couwenberg, John, Joosten, Hans, Vernimmen, Ronald, Hooijer, Aljosja, Malins, Chris, Cochrane, Mark A., Perumal, Balu, Siegert, Florian, Peh, Kelvin S.-H., Comeau, Louis-Pierre, Verchot, Louis, Harvey, Charles F., Cobb, Alex, Jaafar, Zeehan, Wösten, Henk, Manuri, Solichin, Müller, Moritz, Giesen, Wim, Phelps, Jacob, Yong, Ding Li, Silvius, Marcel, Wedeux, Béatrice M. M., Hoyt, Alison, Osaki, Mitsuru, Takashi, Hirano, Takahashi, Hidenori, Kohyama, Takashi S., Haraguchi, Akira, Nugroho, Nunung P., Coomes, David A., Quoi, Le Phat, Dohong, Alue, Gunawan, Haris, Gaveau, David L.A., Langner, Andreas, Lim, Felix K. S., Edwards, David P., Giam, Xingli, van der Werf, Guido, Carmenta, Rachel, Verwer, Caspar C., Gibson, Luke, Grandois, Laure, Graham, Laura Linda Bozena, Regalino, Jhanson, Wich, Serge A., Rieley, Jack, Kettridge, Nicholas, Brown, Chloe, Pirard, Romain, Moore, Sam, Ripoll Capilla, B., Ballhorn, Uwe, Ho, Hua Chew, Hoscilo, Agata, Lohberger, Sandra, Evans, Theodore A., Yulianti, Nina, Blackham, Grace, Onrizal, Husson, Simon, Murdiyarso, Daniel, Pangala, Sunita, Cole, Lydia E.S., Tacconi, Luca, Segah, Hendrik, Tonoto, Prayoto, Lee, Janice S.H., Schmilewski, Gerald, Wulffraat, Stephan, Putra, Erianto Indra, Cattau, Megan E., Clymo, R.S., Morrison, Ross, Mujahid, Aazani, Miettinen, Jukka, Liew, Soo Chin, Valpola, Samu, Wilson, David, D'Arcy, Laura, Gerding, Michiel, Sundari, Siti, Thornton, Sara A., Kalisz, Barbara, Chapman, Stephen J., Su, Ahmad Suhaizi Mat, Basuki, Imam, Itoh, Masayuki, Traeholt, Carl, Sloan, Sean, Sayok, Alexander K., Andersen, Roxane, Wijedasa, Lahiru S., Jauhiainen, Jyrki, Könönen, Mari, Lampela, Maija, Vasander, Harri, LeBlanc, Marie-Claire, Evers, Stephanie, Smith, Thomas E.L., Yule, Catherine M., Varkkey, Helena, Lupascu, Massimo, Parish, Faizal, Singleton, Ian, Clements, Gopalasamy R., Aziz, Sheema Abdul, Harrison, Mark E., Cheyne, Susan, Anshari, Gusti Z., Meijaard, Erik, Goldstein, Jenny E., Waldron, Susan, Hergoualc'h, Kristell, Dommain, René, Frolking, Steve, Evans, Christopher D., Posa, Mary Rose C., Glaser, Paul H., Suryadiputra, Nyoman, Lubis, Reza, Santika, Truly, Padfield, Rory, Kurnianto, Sofyan, Hadisiswoyo, Panut, Lim, Teck Wyn, Page, Susan E., Gauci, Vincent, van der Meer, Peter J, Buckland, Helen, Garnier, Fabien, Samuel, Marshall K., Choo, Liza Nuriati Lim Kim, O'Reilly, Patrick, Warren, Matthew, Suksuwan, Surin, Sumarga, Elham, Jain, Anuj, Laurance, William F., Couwenberg, John, Joosten, Hans, Vernimmen, Ronald, Hooijer, Aljosja, Malins, Chris, Cochrane, Mark A., Perumal, Balu, Siegert, Florian, Peh, Kelvin S.-H., Comeau, Louis-Pierre, Verchot, Louis, Harvey, Charles F., Cobb, Alex, Jaafar, Zeehan, Wösten, Henk, Manuri, Solichin, Müller, Moritz, Giesen, Wim, Phelps, Jacob, Yong, Ding Li, Silvius, Marcel, Wedeux, Béatrice M. M., Hoyt, Alison, Osaki, Mitsuru, Takashi, Hirano, Takahashi, Hidenori, Kohyama, Takashi S., Haraguchi, Akira, Nugroho, Nunung P., Coomes, David A., Quoi, Le Phat, Dohong, Alue, Gunawan, Haris, Gaveau, David L.A., Langner, Andreas, Lim, Felix K. S., Edwards, David P., Giam, Xingli, van der Werf, Guido, Carmenta, Rachel, Verwer, Caspar C., Gibson, Luke, Grandois, Laure, Graham, Laura Linda Bozena, Regalino, Jhanson, Wich, Serge A., Rieley, Jack, Kettridge, Nicholas, Brown, Chloe, Pirard, Romain, Moore, Sam, Ripoll Capilla, B., Ballhorn, Uwe, Ho, Hua Chew, Hoscilo, Agata, Lohberger, Sandra, Evans, Theodore A., Yulianti, Nina, Blackham, Grace, Onrizal, Husson, Simon, Murdiyarso, Daniel, Pangala, Sunita, Cole, Lydia E.S., Tacconi, Luca, Segah, Hendrik, Tonoto, Prayoto, Lee, Janice S.H., Schmilewski, Gerald, Wulffraat, Stephan, Putra, Erianto Indra, Cattau, Megan E., Clymo, R.S., Morrison, Ross, Mujahid, Aazani, Miettinen, Jukka, Liew, Soo Chin, Valpola, Samu, Wilson, David, D'Arcy, Laura, Gerding, Michiel, Sundari, Siti, Thornton, Sara A., Kalisz, Barbara, Chapman, Stephen J., Su, Ahmad Suhaizi Mat, Basuki, Imam, Itoh, Masayuki, Traeholt, Carl, Sloan, Sean, Sayok, Alexander K., and Andersen, Roxane

Abstract

The first International Peat Congress (IPC) held in the tropics - in Kuching (Malaysia) - brought together over 1000 international peatland scientists and industrial partners from across the world (“International Peat Congress with over 1000 participants!,” 2016). The congress covered all aspects of peatland ecosystems and their management, with a strong focus on the environmental, societal and economic challenges associated with contemporary large-scale agricultural conversion of tropical peat.

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