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Byline: Manjyot. Gautam, Sharmila. Patil, Nitin. Nadkarni, Manjit. Sandhu, Kiran. Godse, Maninder. Setia Background: Melasma is a common acquired hyperpigmentary disorder of the sun exposed skin, especially the face. The [...]

Byline: Sharmila. Patil, Astuty. Apurwa, Nitin. Nadkarni, Shweta. Agarwal, Parag. Chaudhari, Manjyot. Gautam Hidradenitis suppurativa is a chronic, disabling, suppurative disease characterized by deep tender subcutaneous nodules; complicated by fibrosis [...]

Genital wart is one of the most commonly found human mucosal viral infection caused by the Human Papillomavirus (HPV). Genital warts can present as papules, plaques or blisters that look like a pink, brown cauliflower, or flesh-coloured mass. The treatment modalities for genital warts that are currently available are focused on eliminating the genital warts growth instead of addressing and controlling the underlying HPV infection. A little evidence has been provided regarding the existing treatment modalities in terms of their effectiveness in eliminating genital warts in the long term or that they have a key role in the prevention and development of malignant genital warts. Moreover, the treatment modalities that are currently used are different in terms of price, side effects, dosing regimen, treatment duration, and efficiency for managing genital warts. However, it is important to consider that the treatment modalities are often tailored to each patient depending on the level of HPV spread, areas that have been infected, and other comorbid chronic diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Syphilis is caused by a spirochete, Treponema pallidum. Diagnosis of syphilis is made with a venereal disease research laboratory test. Treatment of choice is intramuscular injection benzathine Penicillin. The Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction (JHR) is a transient immunological phenomenon that can occur in patients during treatment for syphilis with penicillin. It is a rare phenomenon but can be a potentially severe one. It manifests clinically with short-term constitutional symptoms such as fever, chills, headache, and myalgia, besides exacerbation of existing cutaneous lesions. We report the case of a 24-year-old man presenting with JHR posttreatment with benzathine penicillin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Byline: Aayushi. Mehta, Nitin. Nadkarni, Sharmila. Patil, Kiran. Godse, Manjyot. Gautam, Shweta. Agarwal Since their introduction, topical corticosteroids have become indispensable in the treatment of various dermatoses. Hydrocortisone was the [...]

Byline: Kiran. Godse, Prachi. Bhattar, Sharmila. Patil, Nitin. Nadkarni, Manjyot. Gautam Chronic urticaria (CU) is a persistent, debiliating condition that causes severe impairment on the quality of life (QoL) of [...]

5 De Schrijver S, Theate I, Vanhooteghem O. Halo nevi are not trivial: About 2 young patients of regressed primary melanoma that simulates halo nevi. Halo nevi may be solitary or multiple (20%-50%).[[5]] An increased incidence of halo nevi has been reported in patients with Turner syndrome.[[6]] What Are the Stages in the Evolution of a Halo Nevus? Leukoderma acquisitum centrifugum, nevus depigmentosa centrifugum, leukopigmentary nevus, perinevoid vitiligo, perinevoid leukoderma, and Grunewald nevus are the synonyms of halo nevus. [Extracted from the article]

Prenatal diagnosis (PND) of inherited skin disorders comprises all the diagnostic modalities carried out in utero for couples who are at high risk of producing a child with congenital abnormalities. With the constant research being carried out in the field of molecular diagnosis and genetics, it is of utmost importance for dermatologists to be abreast about all the available means of genetic testing in utero. This will enable us to provide the best of options to the couples who are at risk of having children with inheritable skin disorders so that they can get the tests done at the appropriate time during gestation and the pregnancy can be continued safely till term. This article talks about all the invasive and noninvasive methods of PND practised at present and the ones that may gain popularity in the near future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Byline: Prachi. Bhattar, Vijay. Zawar, Kiran. Godse, Sharmila. Patil, Nitin. Nadkarni, Manjyot. Gautam Exogenous ochronosis (EO) is a cutaneous disorder characterized by blue-black pigmentation resulting as a complication of long-term [...]

Byline: Kiran. Godse, Aayushi. Mehta, Sharmila. Patil, Manjyot. Gautam, Nitin. Nadkarni Omalizumab is a recombinant, humanized, monoclonal antibody against human immunoglobulin E (IgE). The US FDA has approved this molecule [...]

Byline: Aayushi. Mehta, Kiran. Godse, Sharmila. Patil, Nitin. Nadkarni, Manjyot. Gautam Chronic spontaneous urticaria is a distressing disease encountered frequently in clinical practice. The current mainstay of therapy is the [...]

Biologics are the molecules of protein, produced by recombinant DNA technology that are used in various diseases to target the specific points in the immunopathogenesis of the diseases without interfering with rest of the pathogenetic pathways and thereby expected to have a lesser side effects profile when compared to conventional immunosuppressant. With the advent of biologic therapy, the treatment of various systemic and cutaneous diseases, especially autoimmune diseases, has been revolutionized; biologicals are goal-directed lethal weapons in treatment armamentarium of a dermatologist; they are a major breakthrough and game changer in the field of dermatology therapeutics or you can say in general as a therapeutic option. While adults have been enjoying the benefits of biologics in treating skin conditions such as psoriasis, eczema, and hidradenitis suppurativa for last few years, but the use of biologics in the pediatric population is still limited because of unknown long-term safety profile and absence of large-scale studies. Thankfully, times are changing, and Biologics are slowly being approved for pediatric use too, in coming future dermatologists will be able to assess which pathways, in particular, are overactive and then prescribing the exact biological as per the need of the patient. In this review, a brief description is given of different biologic agents that are known currently. An extensive literature search was done; all clinical trials, randomized double-blind or single-blind controlled trials, open-label studies, retrospective studies, reviews, case series, and case reports concerned with the use of biologics in various pediatrics dermatoses were screened. The selected articles were retrieved; the final manuscript was prepared, analyzed, and presented in a narrative fashion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Byline: Kiran. Godse, Aayushi. Bagadia, Sharmila. Patil, Nitin. Nadkarni, Manjyot. Gautam Sir, Urticaria is a disease characterized by development of wheals (hives), angioedema, or both. This needs to be differentiated [...]

Context: Onychomycosis (OM) is a commonly encountered problem in clinical practice, which needs to be differentiated from other causes of dystrophic nails as its treatment is long-term and may have potential side effects. Routinely used laboratory tests like direct microscopy with potassium hydroxide (KOH) and fungal culture (FC) show inconsistent sensitivity. Hence, newer methods of diagnosis are required. Aim: This study aims to compare the efficacy of KOH mount, fungal culture, and histopathology of nail clippings with periodic acid-Schiff stain for the diagnosis of onychomycosis. Settings and Design: This was a cross-sectional study conducted in the Dermatology Outpatient Department of a tertiary care center in Navi Mumbai from September 2013 to September 2014. Subjects and Methods: A total of 102 patients with clinically suspected OM were included in the study and evaluated for the following three methods: KOH mount, FC, and HP/PAS stain. To determine the efficacy and performance characteristics of each test, FC was chosen as the gold standard for statistical analysis. Statistical Analysis Used: Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) were calculated for each test. Association among the study group was assessed with the help of Chi-square test. Results: Of the 102 patients, direct microscopy with KOH mount was positive in 47, FC in 30, and HP/PAS in 71 patients. Ninety-one out of the 102 patients had at least one of the three diagnostic tests positive. Using this as the denominator, KOH mount, culture, and HP/PAS had sensitivities of 51.64%, 32.96%, and 78.02%, respectively. Diagnostic sensitivity increased to 89.38% when both KOH and HP/PAS were combined. For calculation of specificity of KOH and HP/PAS, we used FC as the gold standard because it gives precise identification of the pathogen. Specificity for KOH and HP/PAS was 59.7% and 34.7%, respectively. It increased to 73.7% if both KOH and HP/PAS were positive. Conclusion: Using PAS on nail scraping can yield higher diagnostic sensitivity with no loss of specificity and hence can be considered as the method of choice for the diagnosis of OM. Accuracy of diagnosis can be increased by combining the two tests (KOH and HP/PAS) instead of one test (HP/PAS). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Byline: Kiran. Godse, Sharmila. Patil, Manjyot. Gautam, Ameya. Kalambe Sir, Road traffic accident (RTA) remains a dreadful plague the world over. The trend has been on a decline in most [...]

Byline: Manjot. Marwah, Manjyot. Gautam, Sharmila. Patil, Nitin. Nadkarni, Kiran. Godse Sir, Pediculosis pubis (PP) is infestation with pubic lice of the species Phthirus pubis . Direct contact is the [...]

Byline: Manjyot. Gautam, Sharmila. Patil, Pritam. Munde A 52-year-old female presented to our out patient department with asymptomatic, hypopigmented lesions on the neck and back since 2 months. There was [...]

Topical therapy as monotherapy is useful in psoriasis patients with mild disease. Topical agents are also used as adjuvant for moderate-to-severe disease who are being concurrently treated with either ultraviolet light or systemic medications. Emollients are useful adjuncts to the treatment of psoriasis. Use of older topical agents such as anthralin and coal tar has declined over the years. However, they are cheaper and can still be used for the treatment of difficult psoriasis refractory to conventional treatment. Salicylic acid can be used in combination with other topical therapies such as topical corticosteroids (TCS) and calcineurin inhibitors for the treatment of thick limited plaques to increase the absorption of the latter into the psoriatic plaques. Low- to mid-potent TCS are used in facial/flexural psoriasis and high potent over palmoplantar/thick psoriasis lesions. The addition of noncorticosteroid treatment can also facilitate the avoidance of long-term daily TCS. Tacrolimus and pimecrolimus can be used for the treatment of facial and intertriginous psoriasis. Tazarotene is indicated for stable plaque psoriasis usually in combination with other therapies such as TCS. Vitamin D analogs alone in combination with TCS are useful in stable plaques over limbs and palmoplantar psoriasis. Topical therapies for scalp psoriasis include TCS, Vitamin D analogs, salicylic acid, coal tar, and anthralin in various formulations such as solutions, foams, and shampoos. TCS, vitamin D analogs, and tazarotene can be used in the treatment of nail psoriasis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]