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The lipid composition, presence of the biologically active substances and ability of lipids to the spontaneous aggregation in the water medium of the winter garlic (Allium sativum L.) was studied by TLC, UV-spectrometry with the Gauss mathematic analysis of spectra and dynamic light scattering methods It is shown that share of the more easily oxidizable fractions in the garlic phospholipids is 2.45 times greater than that for the more poorly oxidizable fractions. Mathematic analysis of the UV-spectra of the lipids solution in chloroform revealed the presence of compounds with a conjugated couple bonds and ketodienes and confirmed the literature data about absence of flavonoids. The hydrophilic biologically active compounds are found in a polar phase during extraction of lipids. Analysis of UV-spectrum of 20-hydroxyekdizone in chloroform which is detected in the garlic lipids was done. It was determined the substantial maximum absorption band shift of sterols in UV-spectra of the garlic lipids testifies to their participation with sphigolipids in the raft formation that is due to form of particles with the average diameters 160 nm and the low absolute value of ξ-potential from the garlic lipids in the water medium., Изучены состав липидов, наличие биологически активных веществ и способность липидов к спонтанной агрегации в водной среде озимого чеснока (Allium sativum L.), используя методы ТСХ, УФ-спектрометрии с математической обработкой спектров по Гауссу и динамическое рассеяние света. Показано, что в составе фосфолипидов чеснока суммарная доля более легкоокисляемых фракций в 2.45 раза выше, чем более трудноокисляемых фракций. Математическая обработка УФ-спектров раствора липидов в хлороформе выявила наличие соединений с сопряженными двойными связями и кетодиенов и подтвердила данные литературы об отсутствии флавоноидов. Гидрофильные биологически активные соединения в процессе выделения липидов остаются в полярной фазе. Проанализирован УФ-спектр в хлороформе присутствующего в липидах чеснока 20-гидроксиэкдизона. Обнаружен существенный сдвиг максимума его полосы поглощения в УФ-спектре липидов чеснока, что свидетельствует об участии растительных стеринов в образовании рафтов и обусловливает формирование липидами чеснока в водной среде частиц со средним диаметром 160 нм и низкой абсолютной величиной ξ-потенциала.

The objective of this project is to propose a passive method for orbit determination (OD) of GEO objects using observational data as position measurements. The proposed method use position measurements expressed as right ascension and declination angles, therefore no need of on-board sensors within a satellite are need it to track them using the methodology to be presented in this thesis. The OD method was split in 3 main parts. The perturbed model for the orbit propagator, the initial orbit determination (IOD) methodology to compute initial conditions and a filter algorithm for orbit estimation. We selected an orbit propagator based on state vector and a force model solved by a Runge-Kutta 7-8 numerical integrator. The acting forces considered in the perturbed model were the earth gravitational potential model EGM96 (n=m=70), the third body perturbation due to the moon and sun gravitational forces and the exerted force due to the solar radiation pressure. Since the case study of this project is focused on GEO objects, the perturbation because of atmospheric drag was neglected. Based on the constraints of our observational data, an angles-only method was necessary for the for initial orbit determination implementation. The Gauss method and the Gibbs-Herrick method are the best fit for the position and velocity vector respectively, when short separated observations are used. To achieve precise orbit determination, a estimation algorithm using a Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) method was implemented. The observational data was used as the sensing measurements and the orbit propagator as the state predictor. The results suggested that the EKF can be used to the reduced the uncertainty associated with the orbit propagator error and to avoid this uncertainty to accumulate over the time (up to 3km per day for GEO objects). Nevertheless, future works should discuss and study how to improve the estimation implementations when observations that are closely separated are used as the measurements (separated by less than 1 minute).

В данной статье были рассмотрены задачи, связанные с принятием решения при выборе альтернатив, где были применены математические методы из теории матриц на нахождение собственного значению и собственного вектора. После чего решается линейное алгебраическое уравнение с применением метода Гаусса. Нормируем полученное решение. Где полученные решения в виде главного собственного вектора ранжируют альтернативы и назначают им веса. Таким образом, какая альтернатива получит наибольший вес, он и будет первым избранным кандидатом. Для оценки суждений эксперта используется индекс однородности (ИО) или отношение однородности (ОО). Если ОО≤0,10, то логика суждений верна, в обратном случае экспертом допущена ошибка в логике суждений при заполнении матрицы.

There is a large number of underground tunnels of various shapes located in seismic zones that need to be protected from seismic impacts. The paper considers the effect of harmonic surface waves on a cylindrical inclusion of various shapes located in a viscoelastic half-plane. The main purpose of the study is to determine the stress-strain state of the obstacle when exposed to harmonic waves. The problem is solved by the finite element method. It was found that the maximum stress concentration is allowed at long waves, and the stress concentration with increasing depth and wavelength approaches the static value of stress. The reliability of the obtained research results is confirmed by good agreement with theoretical and experimental results obtained by other authors.

The Braziliam Judiciary has been determining that the popular system of constant payments, known as Tabela Price, based on compound interest, be substituted by an amortizacion scheme, named as “Method of Gauss”, with constant payments based on simple interest. Moreover, the substitution being done while maintaining the numerical value of the contractual interest rate. Taking into account that a possible defensive strategy which may be used by the financial institutions, is not always feasible, it is also shown that the use of the so called “Method of Gauss” will introduce unsurmountable difficulties concerning the determination of outstanding debts. Since the methodology that has been proposed for the determination of outstanding debts, does not agree with procedures that are well known in the pertinent literature.

In agrometeorology, reference surface consists of those traditional grass cover on weather stations. Net radiation (Rn) of this surface is an important information that has many applicability, but its measurement is rare due to the high cost of the sensor and the complexity involved on the measurement. Therefore, estimate Rn from another variable is desirable, as from solar radiation (Rs); however, standard methods used are complex, making interesting the use of simplified methodologies. Considering these aspects, the present study aimed to set two empirical methods to estimate Rn from Rs for Dourados region, located in the Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brazil. One method was set with a scientific purpose (Gauss Method) and it comprised a mathematical modeling. The other one was set with a practical purpose (Practical Method) and comprised the determination of fixed monthly conversion factors. It was used daily Rs data of a 12-years database. With these, there were estimated Rn values by the standard method recommended by FAO. Gauss Method was set using Table Curve 2D 5.01 software. Modeling consisted in defining the values of the equation parameters. On Practical Method we developed monthly coefficients of the ratio Rn/Rs. In order to validate both methods it was measured Rs and Rn during two years using high precision sensors. In addition, Rn values were estimated by both methods and then compared with those measured. Both estimating methods showed satisfactory results, with low error and low advantage for the Gauss Method.

Prvi dio se odnosi na teorijski opis u kojem se nalazi opći prikaz elektroenergetskog sustava i opća svrha proračuna tokova snaga. Postavljene su jednadžbe za snage u mreži, te klasifikacija čvorova. Numeričke metode za proračun tokova snaga; Gaussova metoda, Gauss – Seidelova metoda, Newton – Raphsonova metoda koje se temelje na iterativnom postupku. Matematički model mreže koji ima svrhu opisivanja odnosa napona i snaga u sustavu. U zadnjem poglavlju teorijskog dijela opisan je programski paket EASYPOWER® u kojem je provedena simulacija. Drugi dio rada je simulacija mreže, u tablicama (1-6) prikazani su parametri mreže. Za svaku simulaciju prikazani su rezultati napona na sabirnicama i ukupni gubitci u mreži. Svaka provedena simulacija opisana je s prikazom mreže i komentarom na rezultate. Iz prikaza mreže za svaku simulaciju može se vidjeti ponašanje elemenata mreže First part is theoretical description in which you can find general description of power system and general purpose for the calcualtion of power flows. Equations have been set for the power in the network and node classification. Numerical methods for calculation of power flow: Gauss method, Gauss – Seidel method, Newton – Raphson method which are all based on Iterative procedure. Mathematical model of network which has the purpose of describing the relationship between the voltage and the power in the system. In the last chapter of theoretical part of this paper is described programme package EASYPOWER in which simulation has been run. The second part of this paper is simulation of the network, in tables (1 – 6) are shown the parameters of the network. For every simulations results of voltage in the collectors are shown, but there are also shown overall loss in the network. Every simulation is described with Schematic desplay and comments on the results. From the network display you can see for every simulation the way that elements of the newtwork behave.

Gauss and Laplace methods for initial orbit determination (IOD) are classical orbit determination tools and have been used very efficiently in optical satellite surveillance system. Several studies related to these two methods have been released until now. In this study, we found that the trends of IOD accuracy for different time interval between three pairs of measurement datas show unexpected results. Therefore, we checked the possible cause of these differences. In order to check various orbit types, we used most of satellite data which is able to obtain. To check the characteristics of methodology-only, we used simulated observation data. And we used real observation data for specific satellites to check the characteristics appeared when we applyed these methods to optical satellite surveillance system. As a result, we found that trends of IOD accuracy for time interval could be different because of satellite position observed.

Gauss method for the initial orbit determination was tested using angle-only data obtained by orbit propagation using TLB and SGP4/SDP4 orbit propagation model.. As the analysis of this simulation, a feasible time span between observation time of satellite resulting the minimum error to the true orbit was found. Initial orbit determination is performed using observational data of GPS 26 and Koreasat 2 from 0.6m telescope of KAO(Korea Astronomy Observatory) and precise orbit determination is also performed using simulated data. The result of precise orbit determination shows that the accuracy of resulting orbit is related to the accuracy of the observations and the number of data.

In recent years, high-order methods have shown to be very useful in many practical applications, in which nonlinear systems arise. In this case, a classical method of positional astronomy have been modified in order to hold a nonlinear system in its establishments (that in the classical method is reduced to a single equation). At this point, high-order methods have been introduced in order to estimate the solutions of this system and, then, determine the orbit of the celestial body. We also have implemented a user friendly application, which will allow us to make a numerical and graphical comparison of the different methods with reference orbits, or user defined orbits., The authors would like to thank the referees for their valuable comments and suggestions that have improved the content of the paper. This research was supported by Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnologia MTM2010-18539.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:26:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-11-30Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:15:02Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 goncalves_ms_me_bauru.pdf: 405367 bytes, checksum: 8db5acf933edafe2a5eee99467b1ab77 (MD5) Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) A evolução econômica brasileira, impulsionada pelo aumento da oferta de crédito no varejo, tem trazido algumas divergências entre o agente concessor e o tomador de empréstimos. Observa-se, atualmente, um movimento engajado por mutuários de financiamentos imobiliários, que questionaram, entre outras coisas, a cobrança de juros sob juros ou anatocismo, quando dos questionamentos legais sobre a liquidação de empréstimos por meio de parcelas periódicas. No julgamento da questão, alguns magistrados têm sentenciado a incorreção na utilização de métodos de amortização com evolução a juros compostos e sua substituição por sistemas de amortização, com evolução a juros simples, notadamente o método de Gauss. A partir destas constatações, o objetivo geral da presente contribuição acadêmica é avaliar o método linear ponderado, conhecido por método de Gauss, como sistema de amortização de dívidas, sua viabilidade econômica e seus impactos ao mercado financeiro, constituindo este documento instrumento de consulta para a sociedade. para tanto, utiliza-se o gênero de pesquisa metodológica, quantitativa, não experimental, envolvendo a investigação de aspectos teóricos e aplicados, por simulação matemática, tratando de interesses locais. A insegurança jurídica instaurada pela falta de literatura específica à questão, fomentando decisões divergentes pelos magistrados, justifica o estudo, que busca uma contribuição original. O esforço acadêmico resultou em um instrumento que possibilite esclarecimentos dos principais questionamentos observados e discute a adoção de modelos a juros simples na economia brasileira The evalution of the Brazilian Economy, powered by the increased ofter of retail credit has brought some divergence betweeen lenders and borrowers. Nowadays, a movement of real state loan barrowers is oberseved, where the legally question, among other things, the practice of charging interest on interest, or anatocism, concerning loan liquidations by means of periodic payments. When judging the matter, magistrates have sentenced the substitution of the amortization method of compound interest for systems where amortization happens by simple interest evolution, namely the Gauss Method. Thus, the main objective of this academic work is to assess the weighed linear method, known as Gauss Method, as debt amortization system, its economic viability and impacts on the financial market, providing an instrument of research for society. Therefore, the methodological research was quantitative, non-experimental, involving the investigation of theoretical and applied aspects, by mathematical simulation, dealing with local interests. The legal uncertainty installed by the lack of specific literature concerning the matter simulates diverging decisions by magistrates, thus justifying this study, which for an original contribution. The academic effort resulted in an instrument that aims to clarify the main observed questionings and discusses the adoption of simple interest systems in the Brazilian economy

In the framework of the orbital determination methods, we study some properties related to the algorithms developed by Gauss, Laplace and Mossotti. In particular, we investigate the dependence of such methods upon the size of the intervals between successive observations, encompassing also the case of two nearby observations performed within the same night. Moreover we study the convergence of Gauss algorithm by computing the maximal eigenvalue of the jacobian matrix associated to the Gauss map. Applications to asteroids and Kuiper belt objects are considered.