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High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography (UPLC) are widely used techniques in separation science. HPLC employs a liquid mobile phase to separate components based on their interactions with a stationary phase, making it versatile and applicable to various sample types. It offers different modes of separation and is known for its robustness. On the other hand, UPLC is an advanced version of HPLC that utilizes smaller particle sizes and higher pressures, resulting in improved resolution, sensitivity, and speed. UPLC is particularly useful in fields requiring rapid separations and high sensitivity. Both techniques offer various detection methods and can be combined with sample preparation techniques to enhance analysis. HPLC and UPLC find applications in pharmaceutical analysis, environmental analysis, food and beverage industries, forensic analysis, clinical diagnostics, and more. They provide high-resolution separations, rapid analysis, and versatile detection capabilities. The choice between the two techniques depends on specific analytical requirements and constraints. Overall, HPLC and UPLC continue to contribute significantly to scientific research, quality control, and industrial processes [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper will mainly focus on Foucault's discussion on his notion of 'discourse' and his dynamic conceptualization of knowledge, which has such an enormous influence in cultural analysis. He refutes the 'fons et origo' of discourse and calls for treating it as and when it occurs. He says that forms of continuity and unity are just the result of a construction following the rules with its own justification. He suggests that there is no 'human essence' but what a given society understands human beings to be at any given point is a product of the kind of discourses that it produces about itself. This can be seen as an anti-essentialist claim. This notion of man is also not in the line with humanism. It marks a break with humanism inasmuch as it de-centres the individual as the prior agent in creating the social world, rejecting subjectivity as something essential, and prior to discourse, which power acts against. What will be further discussed is his dynamic conceptualization of knowledge and his attention to thresholds of knowledge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper will largely focus on Foucault's discussion on his notion of 'discourse' which has such an enormous influence on cultural analysis. His denunciation of 'fons et origo' of discourse and call for treating it as and when it occurs will also be discussed. He says that forms of continuity and unity are just the result of a construction following the rules with its own justification. What will also be discussed is his theorizing of relationship between knowledge, truth, and power. He shows that truth is produced through multiple forms of constrain and induces effects of power. His definition of the regime of powerknowledge-pleasure that sustains the will to knowledge will also be examined. His antiessentialist claim that man is a new wrinkle in our knowledge, his genealogical approach, and his denial that power is something which is merely coercive in a traditional Marxism or Weberian perspective associate him to both poststructuralist and postmodernism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Accurate and efficient RNA secondary structure prediction remains an important open problem in computational molecular biology. Historically, advances in computing technology have enabled faster and more accurate RNA secondary structure predictions. Previous parallelized prediction programs achieved significant improvements in runtime, but their implementations were not portable from niche high-performance computers or easily accessible to most RNA researchers. With the increasing prevalence of multi-core desktop machines, a new parallel prediction program is needed to take full advantage of today's computing technology. Findings: We present here the first implementation of RNA secondary structure prediction by thermodynamic optimization for modern multi-core computers. We show that GTfold predicts secondary structure in less time than UNAfold and RNAfold, without sacrificing accuracy, on machines with four or more cores. Conclusions: GTfold supports advances in RNA structural biology by reducing the timescales for secondary structure prediction. The difference will be particularly valuable to researchers working with lengthy RNA sequences, such as RNA viral genomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]