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Background: Premature rupture of membranes is the rupture of the fetal membranes in the absence of uterine contraction or before the onset of labor. When this occurs before 37 weeks of gestation, it is termed as preterm premature rupture of membranes. Management depends upon gestational age and the presence of complicating factors. An accurate assessment of gestational age and knowledge of the maternal, fetal and neonatal risks are essential to appropriate evaluation, counselling, and care of patients with PROM. The purpose of the study is timely diagnosis and appropriate management of the cases of PROM and PPROM to improve maternal and neonatal outcomes. Methods: A Prospective study was performed at the department of obstetrics and gynecology, at a tertiary care center from August 2020 to December 2021. A clinical data sheet was made for recording all information about the pregnant women after taking their consent. And their maternal and neonatal outcomes were recorded. Results: a total of 150 cases of PROM and PPROM were taken during our study out of which 53.33% belong to the younger age group, 43.33% were primi gravida, 66.66% belonged to the lower socioeconomic class, 25.33% had a previous history of abortion followed by dilatation and evacuation, rate of cesarean delivery was 34.66% and rate of NICU admission of neonates was 15.78% and 57.87% babies had low birth weight and rate of stillbirth was 1.97%. whereas 34.66% of cases had various complications related to PROM. Conclusions: Individualized management of PROM cases depending on the gestational age and risk of complications and antibiotic coverage is the best way to achieve a good fetomaternal outcome.

Hemidesmus indicus (L.) R. Br. ex Schult. and Tylophora indica (Burm. F.) Merrill shoot cultures were treated with different concentrations of yeast extract (YE; 25–200 mg/L) and salicylic acid (SA; 50–200 µM), and their effect on lupeol production was assessed. The maximum dry weight (DW) biomass was recorded when H. indicus shoots were treated with SA (50 µM) and T. indica shoots with YE (200 mg/L). Highest lupeol yield (335.40 ± 0.04 µg/g DW) was obtained in H. indicus shoots after treatment with 50 µM of SA for 3 weeks. Whereas in T. indica, maximum lupeol content (584.26 ± 8.14 µg/g DW) was recorded by giving treatment with 25 μM of SA for 6 weeks.

Thiram (tetramethylthiuramdisulfide) or thiram sulphide is a dithiocarbamate group of non-systemic group of fungicide which are applied for seed treatment, control of the crop pests, to repel animals, etc. Moreover, thiram has also been responsible to cause moderate skin sensitivity and eye irritation. Higher exposure to thiram might also lead to developmental damages to newborn and neurotoxic effects to non-target organisms. Advancing to prevent such toxic effects and prevention of soil fertility from thiram and thiram-like chemicals is indispensable. The analytical High-Performance Thin-Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) is a simple, quick and a reliable method was proposed and validated for the detection and quantification of various small molecules for many years. This manuscript represents the solution to use microbes to degrade the thiram present in the soil and for that, HPTLC based method to study thiram degradation by Pseudomonas has been designed. Herein, a HPTLC protocol formalised to reveal the detection and quantification of thiram within the range of 100 to 700 ng/spot on TLC plate. The same concentration was then used for calculating percent microbial degradation of thiram from the culture broth. To perform the microbial degradation of thiram, Pseudomonas otitidis strain TD-8 and Pseudomonas stutzeri strain TD-18 were taken as thiram degrader microbial strain. The efficacy of TD-8 to degrade thiram was identified to be 81 and 99% when grown in presence of thiram for 4 days and 8 days, respectively, while TD-18 strain's efficacy to degrade thiram was found to be 57% and 99% when grown in presence of thiram for 4 days and 8 days, respectively.

One of the natural antioxidant flavonols -Quercetin is found in various food products and plants. Its anticancer properties have been proved by in vivo and in vitro experiments; it shows an attempt to examine toxic effects of Bisphenol A in the liver of mice and its alleviation by quercetin. For this inbred Swiss strain male albino mice were orally administered with quercetin (30, 60 and 90 mg/kg body weight/day) along with BPA (240 mg/kg body weight/day) for 45 days. On the completion of the treatment period, animals were sacrificed; organs were isolated and used for biochemical analysis. All these effects were dose-dependent. Co-treatment with quercetin (30, 60 and 90 mg/kg body weight) and BPA (240 mg/kg body weight) alleviates the changes in body weight, absolute and relative organ weights of mice. Biochemical analysis revealed significant (p < 0.05) and dose-dependent reduction in enzymatic antioxidants such as superoxide dismutase, Catalase and glutathione peroxidase and non-enzymatic antioxidants such as Glutathione and Total ascorbic acid content were also observed in Bisphenol A -treated groups as compared to control. The present results revealed that graded doses of BPA caused oxidative damage in the liver of mice, which is mitigated by quercetin.

The presence of Cu(II) at excessive levels can cause several undesirable issues to human health and to the environment as well. Hence, a simple, fast and selective method is needed to develop for monitoring the occurrence of Cu(II). In the present study, we report a novel fluorescent sensor for the selective and sensitive detection of Cu(II) using calix[4]pyrrole fabricated nano-Ag particles (CPTH-AgNPs). The selectivity of the method has been evaluated under optimal conditions of pH and temperature. Molecular Dynamics has been performed to understand the coating of calix[4]pyrrole tetrahydrazide around nano-Ag particles. The computational modeling predicts the grafting of CPTH on the surface of AgNPs and unveils the role of non-covalent pi-pi intermolecular and H-bonding interactions. The conjugated features of calix[4]pyrrole and nanoparticles provide deep insights into the ion sensing phenomenon. The non-covalent interaction of Cu(II) with CPTH-AgNPs disturbs the intramolecular hydrogen bonding networks and causes aggregation of the nanoparticles as demonstrated by FT-IR, DLS and TEM analysis. The present work has also been extended for some bio-analytical applications such as antibacterial, and DNA (CT-DNA) binding studies, which indicate the importance of CPTH-AgNPs for designing an efficient drug-target carrier system. Moreover, the in vitro HeLa cell imaging based on fluorescence microscopy predicts the potential application of CPTH-AgNPs for targeted cancer treatment in living systems.

Newly synthesized Au nanoparticles (AuNPs) capped by calix[4]pyrrole tetrahydrazide (CPTH) has been explored for the colorimetric and fluorimetric detection of Pb(II) ions. The molecular modeling studies reveal the surface mediated properties of CPTH around AuNPs. It is observed that reduction of Au(III) to Au(0) occurs due to the presence of hydrazide groups of CPTH and charge transfer preferably through N atoms and carbonyl group. These interactions further govern the stability of the CPTH-AuNPs. The optical sensing of Pb(II) was carried out in water and the linear range of detection falls between 10 nM and 1 μM concentration range. Moreover, a concomitant pink-to-violet color change is observed providing a useful optical method of detecting Pb(II) in water. The mechanistic insights for the sensing of Pb(II) is based on the overarching hypothesis that Pb(II)ions disturbs the non-covalent interactions of the capping CPTH ligand around the Au° particles causing aggregation of CPTH-AuNPs. The aggregation of CPTH-AuNPs has been elucidated by TEM and DLS experiments. Also, the plausible binding behavior of CPTH-AuNPs with Pb(II) due to hydrogen bonding interactions through –NH groups is discussed. CPTH-AuNPs have also shown their utility for analysis of Pb(II) in industrial waste water and human serum samples. The ability of CPTH-AuNPs for its in vitro anti-oxidant activity and radical scavenging efficiencies has been studied. Thus, the present study suggests notable potential of supramolecular functionalized nanoparticles as a promising chemosensor for toxic ions and a beneficial tool for biomedical applications.

In the present study, the interaction of the calix[4]resorcinarene polyhydrazide (CPH) capped nanoparticles (CPH-AuNps) and (CPH-AgNps) with different amino acids like arginine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, glycine, leucine, methionine, histidine, tryptophan and cysteine has been studied by using UV–vis and fluorescence spectroscopy. CPH-AuNps and CPH-AgNps were found to be the selective and sensitive fluorescent probe for l -DOPA and histidine, respectively. The minimum detectable limit for both l -DOPA and histidine was found at 10 nM by a facile way of fluorescence quenching i.e. by a turn off mechanism. CPH-AuNps and CPH-AgNps have also been studied for their antioxidant activity and interaction with DNA by UV–vis spectrophotometry. Furthermore, electrophoresis technique confirmed the interaction of ethidium bromide (EtBr) intercalated CT-DNA and S-DNA with CPH-AuNps and CPH-AgNps, respectively. The simplicity, sensitivity and specificity for the detection of amino acids by the CPH-AuNps and CPH-AgNps, indicates that the synthesized nanoparticles can be used as nano biosensor, with a potential prospect in the biomedical analysis.

International Journal of Medical Science and Public Health | 2015 | Vol 4 | Issue 7 1027 International Journal of Medical Science and Public Health Online 2015. © 2015 Mandava V Rao. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), allowing third parties to copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format and to remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially, provided the original work is properly cited and states its license. Case Report

Objective: In India, various groups have studied different regions to find out deletion pattern of dystrophin gene. We have investigated its deletion pattern among Duchenne/Becker muscular dystrophy (D/BMD) patients across Gujarat. Moreover, in this study we also correlate the same with reading frame rule. However, we too consider various clinicopathological features to establish as adjunct indices when deletion detection fails. Materials and Methods: In this pilot study, a total of 88 D/BMD patients consulting at our centers in Gujarat, India were included. All patients were reviewed on basis of their clinical characteristics, tested by three primer sets of 10-plex, 9-plex, and 7-plex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for genetic analysis; whereas, biochemical indices were measured using automated biochemical analyzers. Results: The diagnosis of D/BMD was confirmed by multiplex-PCR (M-PCR) in D/BMD patients. A number of 65 (73.86%) out of 88 patients showed deletion in dystrophin gene. The exon 50 (58.46%) was the most frequent deletion found in our study. The mean age of onset of DMD and BMD was 4.09 ΁ 0.15 and 7.14 ΁ 0.55 years, respectively. In patients, mean creatine phosphokinase (CPK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and myoglobin levels were elevated significantly (P < 0.05) in comparison to controls. Addition to CPK, LDH and myoglobin are good adjunct when deletion detection failed. These data are further in accordance with world literature when correlated with frame rule. Conclusion: The analysis has been carried out for the first time for a total of 88 D/BMD patients particularly from Gujarat, India. More research is essential to elucidate specific mutation pattern in association with management and therapies of proband.