20 results on '"Gaurab Basu"'
Search Results
2. COVID-19 and climate change: Crises of structural racism
- Author
-
James P. Healy, Anpotowin Jensen, Maria Belen Power, Bill McKibben, Gary Cohen, and Gaurab Basu
- Subjects
Climate change ,Structural racism ,COVID-19 ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 ,Meteorology. Climatology ,QC851-999 - Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Preparing Doctors in Training for Health Activist Roles: A Cross-Institutional Community Organizing Workshop for Incoming Medical Residents
- Author
-
Eleanor H. Emery, Jonathan D. Shaffer, Danny McCormick, Jessica Zeidman, Sophia R. Geffen, Predrag Stojicic, Marshall Ganz, and Gaurab Basu
- Subjects
Public Narrative ,Community Organizing ,Physician Advocacy ,Leadership Development/Skills ,Anti-Racism ,Diversity ,Medicine (General) ,R5-920 ,Education - Abstract
Introduction Physicians are increasingly being called on to address inequities created by social and structural determinants of health, yet few receive training in specific leadership skills that allow them to do so effectively. Methods We developed a workshop to introduce incoming medical interns from all specialties at Boston-area residency programs to community organizing as a framework for effective physician advocacy. We utilized didactic sessions, video examples, and small-group practice led by trained coaches to familiarize participants with one community organizing leadership skill—public narrative—as a means of creating the relationships that underlie collective action. We offered this 3-hour, cross-institutional workshop just prior to intern orientation and evaluated it through a postworkshop survey. Results In June 2019, 51 residents from 13 programs at seven academic medical centers attended this workshop. In the postworkshop survey, participants agreed with positive evaluative statements about the workshop's value and impact on their knowledge, with a mean score on all items of over 4 (5-point Likert scale, 1 = strongly disagree, 5 = strongly agree; response rate: 34 of 51). Free-text comments emphasized the workshop's effectiveness in evoking positive feelings of solidarity, community, and professional identity. Discussion The workshop effectively introduced participants to community organizing and public narrative, allowed them to apply the principles of public narrative by developing their own stories of self, and demonstrated how these practices can be utilized in physician advocacy. The workshop also connected participants to their motivations for pursuing medicine and stimulated interest in more community organizing training.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Facility-Based Delivery during the Ebola Virus Disease Epidemic in Rural Liberia: Analysis from a Cross-Sectional, Population-Based Household Survey.
- Author
-
John Ly, Vidiya Sathananthan, Thomas Griffiths, Zahir Kanjee, Avi Kenny, Nicholas Gordon, Gaurab Basu, Dale Battistoli, Lorenzo Dorr, Breeanna Lorenzen, Dana R Thomson, Ami Waters, Uriah G Moore, Ruth Roberts, Wilmot L Smith, Mark J Siedner, and John D Kraemer
- Subjects
Medicine - Abstract
BackgroundThe Ebola virus disease (EVD) epidemic has threatened access to basic health services through facility closures, resource diversion, and decreased demand due to community fear and distrust. While modeling studies have attempted to estimate the impact of these disruptions, no studies have yet utilized population-based survey data.Methods and findingsWe conducted a two-stage, cluster-sample household survey in Rivercess County, Liberia, in March-April 2015, which included a maternal and reproductive health module. We constructed a retrospective cohort of births beginning 4 y before the first day of survey administration (beginning March 24, 2011). We then fit logistic regression models to estimate associations between our primary outcome, facility-based delivery (FBD), and time period, defined as the pre-EVD period (March 24, 2011-June 14, 2014) or EVD period (June 15, 2014-April 13, 2015). We fit both univariable and multivariable models, adjusted for known predictors of facility delivery, accounting for clustering using linearized standard errors. To strengthen causal inference, we also conducted stratified analyses to assess changes in FBD by whether respondents believed that health facility attendance was an EVD risk factor. A total of 1,298 women from 941 households completed the survey. Median age at the time of survey was 29 y, and over 80% had a primary education or less. There were 686 births reported in the pre-EVD period and 212 in the EVD period. The unadjusted odds ratio of facility-based delivery in the EVD period was 0.66 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.48-0.90, p-value = 0.010). Adjustment for potential confounders did not change the observed association, either in the principal model (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 0.70, 95%CI 0.50-0.98, p = 0.037) or a fully adjusted model (AOR = 0.69, 95%CI 0.50-0.97, p = 0.033). The association was robust in sensitivity analyses. The reduction in FBD during the EVD period was observed among those reporting a belief that health facilities are or may be a source of Ebola transmission (AOR = 0.59, 95%CI 0.36-0.97, p = 0.038), but not those without such a belief (AOR = 0.90, 95%CI 0.59-1.37, p = 0.612). Limitations include the possibility of FBD secular trends coincident with the EVD period, recall errors, and social desirability bias.ConclusionsWe detected a 30% decreased odds of FBD after the start of EVD in a rural Liberian county with relatively few cases. Because health facilities never closed in Rivercess County, this estimate may under-approximate the effect seen in the most heavily affected areas. These are the first population-based survey data to show collateral disruptions to facility-based delivery caused by the West African EVD epidemic, and they reinforce the need to consider the full spectrum of implications caused by public health emergencies.
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Remoteness and maternal and child health service utilization in rural Liberia: A population–based survey
- Author
-
Avi Kenny, Gaurab Basu, Madeleine Ballard, Thomas Griffiths, Katherine Kentoffio, Jean Bosco Niyonzima, G. Andrew Sechler, Stephen Selinsky, Rajesh R. Panjabi, Mark J. Siedner, and John D. Kraemer
- Subjects
Maternal ,Child ,Health ,Utilization ,Liberia ,Medicine ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 - Abstract
This study seeks to understand distance from health facilities as a barrier to maternal and child health service uptake within a rural Liberian population. Better understanding the relationship between distance from health facilities and rural health care utilization is important for post–Ebola health systems reconstruction and for general rural health system planning in sub–Saharan Africa.
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. LVD: lean virtual disks.
- Author
-
Gaurab Basu, Shripad Nadgowda, and Akshat Verma
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Joint Author Sentiment Topic Model.
- Author
-
Subhabrata Mukherjee, Gaurab Basu, and Sachindra Joshi
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Association Between High Deductible Health Plans and Cost-Related Non-adherence to Medications Among Americans with Diabetes: an Observational Study
- Author
-
Shirin Karimi, Adam Gaffney, John Gaudet, Gaurab Basu, Drew Bunker, Vikas Gampa, Ariel Majidi, Charlotte Rastas, and Danny McCormick
- Subjects
Adult ,Health plan ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Adolescent ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Insulins ,Deductible ,Young Adult ,Internal medicine ,Diabetes mellitus ,Deductibles and Coinsurance ,Diabetes Mellitus ,Internal Medicine ,Humans ,Medicine ,National Health Interview Survey ,Medical prescription ,Original Research ,business.industry ,Insulin ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,United States ,Non adherence ,Health Planning ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Observational study ,business - Abstract
BACKGROUND: For people with diabetes, adherence to prescribed medications is essential. However, the rising prevalence of high-deductible health plans (HDHPs), and prices of diabetes medications such as insulin, could deter adherence. OBJECTIVE: To assess the impact of HDHP on cost-related medication non-adherence (CRN) among non-elderly adults with diabetes in the US. DESIGN: Repeated cross-sectional survey. SETTING: National Health Interview Survey, 2011–2018. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 7469 privately insured adults ages 18–64 with diabetes who were prescribed medications and enrolled in a HDHP or a traditional commercial health plan (TCP). MAIN MEASURES: Self-reported measures of CRN were compared between enrollees in HDHPs and TCPs overall and among the subset using insulin. Analyses were adjusted for demographic and clinical characteristics using multivariable linear regression models. KEY RESULTS: HDHP enrollees were more likely than TCP enrollees to not fill a prescription (13.4% vs 9.9%; adjusted percentage point difference (AD) 3.4 [95% CI 1.5 to 5.4]); skip medication doses (11.4% vs 8.5%; AD 2.8 [CI 1.0 to 4.7]); take less medication (11.1% vs 8.8%; AD 2.3 [CI 0.5 to 4.0]); delay filling a prescription to save money (14.4% vs 10.8%; AD 3.0 [CI 1.1 to 4.9]); and to have any form of CRN (20.4% vs 15.5%; AD 4.4 [CI 2.2 to 6.7]). Among those taking insulin, HDHP enrollees were more likely to have any CRN (25.1% vs 18.9%; AD 5.9 [CI 1.1 to 10.8]). CONCLUSION: HDHPs are associated with greater CRN among people with diabetes, particularly those prescribed insulin. For people with diabetes, enrollment in non-HDHPs might reduce CRN to prescribed medications. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11606-021-06937-9.
- Published
- 2021
9. States' Performance in Reducing Uninsurance Among Black, Hispanic, and Low-Income Americans Following Implementation of the Affordable Care Act
- Author
-
Danny McCormick, Sonja Grigg, Gaurab Basu, Megan Rose Carr LaPorte, Kira Mengistu, Daniel Novinson, Gregory Lines, Erica Dwyer, Lynn Anderson, Deborah Lee, and Hugo Torres
- Subjects
Low income ,Health (social science) ,Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System ,Affordable Care Act ,business.industry ,Health Policy ,Hispanic ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Quarter (United States coin) ,ACA ,Health Information Management ,Black ,health insurance ,Health insurance ,Medicine ,low-income ,skin and connective tissue diseases ,business ,Original Research ,Demography - Abstract
Purpose: To assess state-level variation in changes in uninsurance among Black, Hispanic, and low-income Americans after implementation of the Affordable Care Act (ACA). Methods: We analyzed data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System from 2012 to 2016, excluding 2014. For Black, Hispanic, and low-income (
- Published
- 2021
10. COVID-19 and climate change: Crises of structural racism
- Author
-
Anpotowin Jensen, Gaurab Basu, Bill McKibben, Maria Belen Power, Gary Cohen, and James P Healy
- Subjects
2019-20 coronavirus outbreak ,Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) ,structural racism ,Climate change ,Racism ,Article ,Meteorology. Climatology ,Political science ,Development economics ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 ,QC851-999 ,Covid-19 ,media_common - Published
- 2021
11. Incorporating author preference in sentiment rating prediction of reviews.
- Author
-
Subhabrata Mukherjee, Gaurab Basu, and Sachindra Joshi
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. Learning to place objects: Organizing a room.
- Author
-
Gaurab Basu, Yun Jiang, and Ashutosh Saxena
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. Lessons from a social medicine and advocacy curriculum
- Author
-
Amy M. Sullivan, Rachel Stark, David H. Bor, Danny McCormick, Gaurab Basu, Richard J. Pels, Eileen M. Dryden, and Priyank Jain
- Subjects
Medical education ,Social medicine ,Social Medicine ,MEDLINE ,Humans ,Internship and Residency ,General Medicine ,Curriculum ,Patient Advocacy ,Psychology ,Education - Published
- 2020
14. Argon annealing induced morphological transformation from nanowire to nanoflake and high photocurrent gain of ZnO:Al films
- Author
-
Priyabrata Banerjee, Subrata Das, Gaurab Basu, Rashmeeta Das, and Biswajit Ghosh
- Subjects
Thermal oxidation ,Photocurrent ,Photoluminescence ,Materials science ,Argon ,Annealing (metallurgy) ,Metals and Alloys ,Nanowire ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Nanotechnology ,02 engineering and technology ,Surfaces and Interfaces ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,01 natural sciences ,Surfaces, Coatings and Films ,Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials ,chemistry ,Chemical engineering ,Aluminium ,0103 physical sciences ,Materials Chemistry ,Thin film ,010306 general physics ,0210 nano-technology - Abstract
Pristine ZnO nanowire grown via thermal oxidation technique has been one of the facile synthetic routes. However, nucleation of Zn thin film over ultra thin metal layer and subsequent heat treatment would open up the possibilities of metal incorporation into ZnO matrix. The present work demonstrates the formation of ZnO:Al nanowires by oxidizing bi-layered Zn/Al film and subsequent investigation of photoresponse phenomenon of as grown and argon annealed samples in comparison to pristine ZnO nanowire. For as grown ZnO:Al, surface localized native defects effectively form complex with aluminium related defects (Al Zn ), (generated in small numbers); thereby restricting the donor capacity of aluminium. However, argon annealing provides additional defect centres (both native and Al Zn ) and at the same time help dissociating the complexes. These phenomena account additional surface charge density and surface reconstruction, causing morphological transformations from nanowire to nanoflake. SIMS depth profile studies reflect that post synthesis argon annealing triggers aluminium surface doping, In this study we have demonstrated high photocurrent gain of ZnO:Al nanowires after argon annealing, attributed to oxygen chemisorption-desorption phenomenon. Photoluminescence spectra revealed that argon annealing has resulted in improvement of near band edge emission and decrease of green luminescence intensity of ZnO:Al sample. In this study violet-blue emission was observed at 3.11 eV after argon annealing of both ZnO and ZnO:Al samples, attributed to emission from the localized defect related complexes of oxygen vacancy and characteristic peak at 3.0 eV may be attributed to interstitial zinc (Zn i ) related complex.
- Published
- 2016
15. Clinicians' Obligations to Use Qualified Medical Interpreters When Caring for Patients with Limited English Proficiency
- Author
-
Gaurab Basu, Vonessa Phillips Costa, and Priyank Jain
- Subjects
Adult ,Moral Obligations ,Health (social science) ,MEDLINE ,Language barrier ,Patient rights ,ComputerApplications_COMPUTERSINOTHERSYSTEMS ,computer.software_genre ,Vulnerable Populations ,Health Services Accessibility ,Physicians ,Pedagogy ,Medicine ,Humans ,Ethics, Medical ,Language ,Quality of Health Care ,Medical education ,Physician-Patient Relations ,business.industry ,Health Policy ,Translating ,Haiti ,United States ,Issues, ethics and legal aspects ,Limited English proficiency ,Female ,business ,computer ,Interpreter - Abstract
Access to language services is a required and foundational component of care for patients with limited English proficiency (LEP). National standards for medical interpreting set by the US Department of Health and Human Services and by the National Council on Interpreting in Health Care establish the role of qualified medical interpreters in the provision of care in the United States. In the vignette, the attending physician infringes upon the patient's right to appropriate language services and renders unethical care. Clinicians are obliged to create systems and a culture that ensure quality care for patients with LEP.
- Published
- 2017
16. Training Internal Medicine Residents in Social Medicine and Research-Based Health Advocacy: A Novel, In-Depth Curriculum
- Author
-
Rachel Stark, David H. Bor, Danny McCormick, Gaurab Basu, Priyank Jain, and Richard J. Pels
- Subjects
Consumer Advocacy ,medicine.medical_specialty ,020205 medical informatics ,Social Determinants of Health ,Social Medicine ,MEDLINE ,02 engineering and technology ,Education ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Social medicine ,Internal medicine ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,medicine ,Internal Medicine ,Humans ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Social determinants of health ,Social Change ,Curriculum ,Medical education ,business.industry ,fungi ,Social change ,Health services research ,food and beverages ,Internship and Residency ,General Medicine ,Health Status Disparities ,Health equity ,Leadership ,Health Services Research ,business - Abstract
Health disparities are pervasive worldwide. Physicians have a unique vantage point from which they can observe the ways social, economic, and political factors impact health outcomes and can be effective advocates for enhanced health outcomes and health equity. However, social medicine and health advocacy curricula are uncommon in postgraduate medical education.In academic year (AY) 2012, the Cambridge Health Alliance internal medicine residency program transformed an elective into a required social medicine and research-based health advocacy curriculum. The course has three major innovations: it has a yearlong longitudinal curriculum, it is required for all residents, and all residents complete a group research-based health advocacy project within the curricular year. The authors describe the structure, content, and goals of this curriculum.Over the last four years (AYs 2012-2015), residents (17/32; 53%) have rated the overall quality of the course highly (mean = 5.2, where 6 = outstanding; standard deviation = 0.64). In each year since the new course has been implemented, all scholarly work from the course has been presented at conferences by 31 resident presenters and/or coauthors. The course seems to enhance the residency program's capacity to recruit high-caliber residents and faculty members.The authors are collecting qualitative and quantitative data on the impact of the course. They will use their findings to advocate for a national health advocacy competency framework. Recommendations about how to initiate or further develop social medicine and health advocacy curricula are offered.
- Published
- 2017
17. Facility-Based Delivery during the Ebola Virus Disease Epidemic in Rural Liberia: Analysis from a Cross-Sectional, Population-Based Household Survey
- Author
-
Mark J. Siedner, Zahir Kanjee, Nicholas Gordon, Wilmot Smith, Breeanna Lorenzen, Gaurab Basu, Vidiya Sathananthan, John Ly, Ruth Roberts, Uriah G. Moore, Dana R. Thomson, Lorenzo Dorr, Ami Waters, John D. Kraemer, Avi Kenny, Thomas Griffiths, and Dale Battistoli
- Subjects
Gerontology ,Viral Diseases ,Maternal Health ,Surveys ,Global Health ,Geographical Locations ,Labor and Delivery ,0302 clinical medicine ,Health facility ,Pregnancy ,Surveys and Questionnaires ,Health care ,Medicine and Health Sciences ,Global health ,Cluster Analysis ,Medicine ,Public and Occupational Health ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Health Systems Strengthening ,Reproductive health ,Family Characteristics ,education.field_of_study ,1. No poverty ,Obstetrics and Gynecology ,General Medicine ,3. Good health ,Infectious Diseases ,Research Design ,Female ,Research Article ,Neglected Tropical Diseases ,Adult ,medicine.medical_specialty ,030231 tropical medicine ,Population ,Research and Analysis Methods ,Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever ,Odds ,Young Adult ,03 medical and health sciences ,Humans ,Maternal Health Services ,Epidemics ,education ,Demography ,Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers ,Health Care Policy ,Survey Research ,business.industry ,Public health ,Odds ratio ,Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola ,Liberia ,Tropical Diseases ,Delivery, Obstetric ,Health Care ,People and Places ,Africa ,Birth ,Women's Health ,Rural Health Services ,business - Abstract
Background The Ebola virus disease (EVD) epidemic has threatened access to basic health services through facility closures, resource diversion, and decreased demand due to community fear and distrust. While modeling studies have attempted to estimate the impact of these disruptions, no studies have yet utilized population-based survey data. Methods and Findings We conducted a two-stage, cluster-sample household survey in Rivercess County, Liberia, in March–April 2015, which included a maternal and reproductive health module. We constructed a retrospective cohort of births beginning 4 y before the first day of survey administration (beginning March 24, 2011). We then fit logistic regression models to estimate associations between our primary outcome, facility-based delivery (FBD), and time period, defined as the pre-EVD period (March 24, 2011–June 14, 2014) or EVD period (June 15, 2014–April 13, 2015). We fit both univariable and multivariable models, adjusted for known predictors of facility delivery, accounting for clustering using linearized standard errors. To strengthen causal inference, we also conducted stratified analyses to assess changes in FBD by whether respondents believed that health facility attendance was an EVD risk factor. A total of 1,298 women from 941 households completed the survey. Median age at the time of survey was 29 y, and over 80% had a primary education or less. There were 686 births reported in the pre-EVD period and 212 in the EVD period. The unadjusted odds ratio of facility-based delivery in the EVD period was 0.66 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.48–0.90, p-value = 0.010). Adjustment for potential confounders did not change the observed association, either in the principal model (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 0.70, 95%CI 0.50–0.98, p = 0.037) or a fully adjusted model (AOR = 0.69, 95%CI 0.50–0.97, p = 0.033). The association was robust in sensitivity analyses. The reduction in FBD during the EVD period was observed among those reporting a belief that health facilities are or may be a source of Ebola transmission (AOR = 0.59, 95%CI 0.36–0.97, p = 0.038), but not those without such a belief (AOR = 0.90, 95%CI 0.59–1.37, p = 0.612). Limitations include the possibility of FBD secular trends coincident with the EVD period, recall errors, and social desirability bias. Conclusions We detected a 30% decreased odds of FBD after the start of EVD in a rural Liberian county with relatively few cases. Because health facilities never closed in Rivercess County, this estimate may under-approximate the effect seen in the most heavily affected areas. These are the first population-based survey data to show collateral disruptions to facility-based delivery caused by the West African EVD epidemic, and they reinforce the need to consider the full spectrum of implications caused by public health emergencies., John Kraemer and colleagues estimate changes in facility-based delivery during the Ebola virus disease epidemic in rural Liberia using cross-sectional data from a population-based household survey., Author Summary Why was this study done? The 2014–2015 West African Ebola virus disease (EVD) epidemic killed approximately 11,300 people directly, but its effects are magnified by collateral health consequences. Mathematical models and facility-based data provide evidence of substantial health service interruptions, but little population-based survey data has been published from the three principally affected countries. Maternal health services, which are dependent on functioning health systems, are likely to be particularly susceptible to external shocks, such as the EVD epidemic. What did the researchers do and find? We used a cluster-sample survey to produce a representative sample of births in Rivercess County, Liberia, a part of the country with relatively limited Ebola transmission. Controlling for potential confounders, we compared the odds of facility-based delivery among 686 births in the period before the EVD epidemic with 212 births during the epidemic. We identified a 30% reduction in the odds of facility-based delivery during the EVD epidemic. The odds of facility-based delivery were 41% lower among women who reported a belief that Ebola was or may be transmitted in health facilities, but not significantly lower among women who reported believing that Ebola was not transmitted in health facilities. What do these findings mean? This study provides further evidence that the 2014–2015 West African EVD epidemic caused serious collateral harm to health services. This study also underscores the need to maintain focus on long-term health system reconstruction after the EVD epidemic.
- Published
- 2016
18. Surgery Clerkship Evaluations Are Insufficient for Clinical Skills Appraisal: The Value of a Medical Student Surgical Objective Structured Clinical Examination
- Author
-
David E. Sloane, Kathryn L. Butler, Gaurab Basu, David Hirsh, D. Dante Yeh, Dana A Stearns, Marc de Moya, Emil Petrusa, Lisa A. Thompson, and Jeffrey A. Linder
- Subjects
Clinical clerkship ,Male ,Educational measurement ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Students, Medical ,020205 medical informatics ,Databases, Factual ,Objective structured clinical examination ,media_common.quotation_subject ,education ,Physical examination ,02 engineering and technology ,Education ,Accreditation ,03 medical and health sciences ,Young Adult ,0302 clinical medicine ,Social skills ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,medicine ,Humans ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Praise ,Medical History Taking ,Physical Examination ,Schools, Medical ,media_common ,Retrospective Studies ,Medical education ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,business.industry ,Clinical Clerkship ,Cognition ,Surgery ,Massachusetts ,General Surgery ,Female ,Clinical Competence ,Educational Measurement ,business ,Education, Medical, Undergraduate - Abstract
Objective Optimal methods for medical student assessment in surgery remain elusive. Faculty- and housestaff-written evaluations constitute the chief means of student assessment in medical education. However, numerous studies show that this approach has poor specificity and a high degree of subjectivity. We hypothesized that an objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) in the surgery clerkship would provide additional data on student performance that would confirm or augment other measures of assessment. Design We retrospectively reviewed data from OSCEs, National Board of Medical Examiners shelf examinations, oral presentations, and written evaluations for 51 third-year Harvard Medical School students rotating in surgery at Massachusetts General Hospital from 2014 to 2015. We expressed correlations between numeric variables in Pearson coefficients, stratified differences between rater groups by one-way analysis of variance, and compared percentages with 2-sample t-tests. We examined commentary from both OSCE and clinical written evaluations through textual analysis and summarized these results in percentages. Results OSCE scores and clinical evaluation scores correlated poorly with each other, as well as with shelf examination scores and oral presentation grades. Textual analysis of clinical evaluation comments revealed a heavy emphasis on motivational factors and praise, whereas OSCE written comments focused on cognitive processes, patient management, and methods to improve performance. Conclusions In this single-center study, an OSCE provided clinical skills data that were not captured elsewhere in the surgery clerkship. Textual analysis of faculty evaluations reflected an emphasis on interpersonal skills, rather than appraisal of clinical acumen. These findings suggest complementary roles of faculty evaluations and OSCEs in medical student assessment.
- Published
- 2016
19. Remoteness and maternal and child health service utilization in rural Liberia: A population–based survey
- Author
-
Rajesh Panjabi, Avi Kenny, Jean Bosco Niyonzima, Mark J. Siedner, Thomas Griffiths, Gaurab Basu, John D. Kraemer, Katherine Kentoffio, Madeleine Ballard, Stephen Selinsky, and G. Andrew Sechler
- Subjects
Population ,lcsh:Medicine ,Maternal ,Health facility ,Environmental health ,Health care ,Medicine ,education ,Child ,Health policy ,education.field_of_study ,business.industry ,Health Policy ,Rural health ,lcsh:Public aspects of medicine ,lcsh:R ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,International health ,lcsh:RA1-1270 ,Articles ,Liberia ,Health equity ,Utilization ,Health ,Health education ,business - Abstract
Background This study seeks to understand distance from health facilities as a barrier to maternal and child health service uptake within a rural Liberian population. Better understanding the relationship between distance from health facilities and rural health care utilization is important for post–Ebola health systems reconstruction and for general rural health system planning in sub–Saharan Africa. Methods Cluster–sample survey data collected in 2012 in a very rural southeastern Liberian population were analyzed to determine associations between quartiles of GPS–measured distance from the nearest health facility and the odds of maternal (ANC, facility–based delivery, and PNC) and child (deworming and care seeking for ARI, diarrhea, and fever) service use. We estimated associations by fitting simple and multiple logistic regression models, with standard errors adjusted for clustered data. Findings Living in the farthest quartile was associated with lower odds of attending 1–or–more ANC checkup (AOR = 0.04, P
- Published
- 2015
20. Random matrix route to image denoising
- Author
-
Q. M. Jonathan Wu, Prasant K. Panigrahi, Gaurab Basu, and Kaushik Ray
- Subjects
symbols.namesake ,Mathematical optimization ,Noise ,Noise measurement ,Covariance matrix ,Gaussian noise ,Gaussian ,Noise reduction ,symbols ,Random matrix ,Algorithm ,Eigenvalues and eigenvectors ,Mathematics - Abstract
We make use of recent results from random matrix theory to identify a derived threshold, for isolating noise from image features. The procedure assumes the existence of a set of noisy images, where denoising can be carried out on individual rows or columns independently. The fact that these are guaranteed to be correlated makes the correlation matrix an ideal tool for isolating noise. The random matrix result provides lowest and highest eigenvalues for the Gaussian random noise for which case, the eigenvalue distribution function is analytically known. This provides an ideal threshold for removing Gaussian random noise and thereby separating the universal noisy features from the non-universal components belonging to the specific image under consideration.
- Published
- 2012
Catalog
Discovery Service for Jio Institute Digital Library
For full access to our library's resources, please sign in.