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27 results on '"Gaur, Garima"'

1. Assessment of pulmonary function tests in carcinoma esophagus patients treated with three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy versus intensity-modulated radiation therapy

Author

Goyal, Navik, Garg, Pardeep, Kaur, Kiranjit, Kang, Manraj, Grover, Romi, Singh, Simrandeep, Kaur, Gurpreet, and Gaur, Garima

Subjects
Complications and side effects, Patient outcomes, Methods, Pulmonary function tests -- Methods, Lung research, Radiotherapy -- Patient outcomes -- Complications and side effects
Abstract

Author(s): Navik Goyal (corresponding author) [1]; Pardeep Garg [1]; Kiranjit Kaur [2]; Manraj Kang [1]; Romi Grover [1]; Simrandeep Singh [1]; Gurpreet Kaur [1]; Garima Gaur [1] INTRODUCTION Esophageal cancer [...], Background: Three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy (3DCRT) provided enhancement in target delineation for the avoidance of normal structures, but considerable doses are still received by normal tissues. Intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) manipulates the photon beams of radiation to conform to the shape of a tumor and deliver precise radiation doses to the tumor, while sparing normal tissues. The distinct dosimetric advantages of IMRT have been proven by various studies. Materials and Methods: Forty histologically proven esophageal carcinoma patients were treated in ARM A (3DCRT) and ARM B (IMRT) and were evaluated for clinical lung toxicity in each arm. Pulmonary function tests and chest radiographs were done preradiotherapy, 6 weeks of radiotherapy, and 6 months of radiotherapy for evaluation and thereafter compared for lung toxicity between both arms. RTOG lung toxicity grading was used to assess clinical lung toxicity. Results: We observed in the present study that lung toxicity was seen in patients of esophageal cancer postradiotherapy in both modalities. It was less in IMRT than 3DCRT but not of significant difference. Various levels of restriction were seen in pulmonary function test or spirometry that is mild, moderate, or severe. At 6 weeks of radiotherapy, in ARM A, five patients (25) and in ARM B, and four patients (20) had moderate restriction (P value = 0.295). At 6 months of radiotherapy, in ARM A, seven patients (35) and, in ARM B, five patients (25) had severe restriction (P value = 0.681). Conclusion: We observed that 3DCRT is comparable to IMRT in terms of lung toxicity in esophageal cancer patients as proven from clinical toxicity data. More follow-up is required to see the chronic changes and overall survival. Keywords: Carcinoma, esophagus, pulmonary

Published
2024
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2. Tumor Control and Normal Tissue Complications in High-dose-rate Brachytherapy for Cervical Cancer Patients Using Ir-192 Radioactive Source

Author

Kaur, Gurpreet, Garg, Pardeep, Dangwal, Vinod Kumar, Singh, Baltej, Gaur, Garima, Grover, Romikant, Singh, Simrandeep, and Sharma, Rachana

Subjects
Diseases, Care and treatment, Complications and side effects, TCP/IP, TCP/IP (Network protocols), Cervical cancer -- Care and treatment -- Complications and side effects, Brachytherapy, Chemotherapy, Tumors -- Care and treatment -- Complications and side effects, Medical research, Cancer patients -- Care and treatment, Medicine, Experimental, Cancer -- Chemotherapy, Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (Computer network protocol), Radioisotope brachytherapy
Abstract

Author(s): Gurpreet Kaur [1]; Pardeep Garg [1]; Vinod Kumar Dangwal (corresponding author) [2]; Baltej Singh [3]; Garima Gaur [1]; Romikant Grover [1]; Simrandeep Singh [1]; Rachana Sharma [4] INTRODUCTION In [...], Introduction: The purpose of the study was to calculate, tumor control probability (TCP) and normal tissue complication probability (NTCP) in cervical cancer patients and to clinically correlate the outcomes with a follow-up period of 24 months. Materials and Methods: One hundred and fifty patients were included in the present study who received 46 Gy/23 fractions/4½ weeks of external beam radiotherapy with concurrent cisplatin chemotherapy, followed by intracavitary brachytherapy of 3 different fractionations regimens, i.e., 9.5 Gy per fraction of two fractions (50 patients in Arm1), 7.5 Gy per fraction of three fractions (50 patients in Arm2), and 6.0 Gy per fraction of four fractions (50 patients in Arm3). Results: The median TCP value for Arm1, Arm2, and Arm3 was 99.6%, 94%, and 98.1%, respectively, (P < 0.01). The median NTCP value for bladder in Arm1, Arm2, and Arm3 was 0.17%, 0.04%, and 0.07%, respectively, (P = 0.05). The median NTCP value for rectum in Arm1, Arm2, and Arm3 was 4.73%, 4.35%, and 3.17%, respectively, (P = 0.052). The overall survival (OS) of 90%, 86%, and 84% was found for Arm1, Arm2, and Arm3, respectively, at 24 months of follow-up. Conclusion: TCP, NTCP, and OS rates were found higher in Arm1 as compared to the other two arms. The complications found in all arms were less, low grade, and manageable. Hence, Arm1, i.e., 9.5 Gy per fraction of two fractions can be concluded as the optimum fractionation regime in terms of radiobiological parameters as well as overall patient comfort. Keywords: Brachytherapy, carcinoma uterine cervix, normal tissue complication probability, radiotherapy, tumor control probability

Published
2024
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3. NeuSTIP: A Novel Neuro-Symbolic Model for Link and Time Prediction in Temporal Knowledge Graphs

Author

Singh, Ishaan, Kaur, Navdeep, Gaur, Garima, and Mausam

Subjects
Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence
Abstract

While Knowledge Graph Completion (KGC) on static facts is a matured field, Temporal Knowledge Graph Completion (TKGC), that incorporates validity time into static facts is still in its nascent stage. The KGC methods fall into multiple categories including embedding-based, rule-based, GNN-based, pretrained Language Model based approaches. However, such dimensions have not been explored in TKG. To that end, we propose a novel temporal neuro-symbolic model, NeuSTIP, that performs link prediction and time interval prediction in a TKG. NeuSTIP learns temporal rules in the presence of the Allen predicates that ensure the temporal consistency between neighboring predicates in a given rule. We further design a unique scoring function that evaluates the confidence of the candidate answers while performing link prediction and time interval prediction by utilizing the learned rules. Our empirical evaluation on two time interval based TKGC datasets suggests that our model outperforms state-of-the-art models for both link prediction and the time interval prediction task., Comment: 13 pages, 2 Figures

Published
2023

5. Computing and Maintaining Provenance of Query Result Probabilities in Uncertain Knowledge Graphs

Author

Gaur, Garima, Dang, Abhishek, Bhattacharya, Arnab, and Bedathur, Srikanta

Subjects
Computer Science - Databases
Abstract

Knowledge graphs (KG) that model the relationships between entities as labeled edges (or facts) in a graph are mostly constructed using a suite of automated extractors, thereby inherently leading to uncertainty in the extracted facts. Modeling the uncertainty as probabilistic confidence scores results in a probabilistic knowledge graph. Graph queries over such probabilistic KGs require answer computation along with the computation of those result probabilities, aka, probabilistic inference. We propose a system, HAPPI (How Provenance of Probabilistic Inference), to handle such query processing. Complying with the standard provenance semiring model, we propose a novel commutative semiring to symbolically compute the probability of the result of a query. These provenance-polynomiallike symbolic expressions encode fine-grained information about the probability computation process. We leverage this encoding to efficiently compute as well as maintain the probability of results as the underlying KG changes. Focusing on a popular class of conjunctive basic graph pattern queries on the KG, we compare the performance of HAPPI against a possible-world model of computation and a knowledge compilation tool over two large datasets. We also propose an adaptive system that leverages the strengths of both HAPPI and compilation based techniques. Since existing systems for probabilistic databases mostly focus on query computation, they default to re-computation when facts in the KG are updated. HAPPI, on the other hand, does not just perform probabilistic inference and maintain their provenance, but also provides a mechanism to incrementally maintain them as the KG changes. We extend this maintainability as part of our proposed adaptive system.

Published
2021

6. BERT Meets Relational DB: Contextual Representations of Relational Databases

Author

Arora, Siddhant, Gupta, Vinayak, Gaur, Garima, and Bedathur, Srikanta

Subjects
Computer Science - Computation and Language, Computer Science - Databases, Computer Science - Machine Learning
Abstract

In this paper, we address the problem of learning low dimension representation of entities on relational databases consisting of multiple tables. Embeddings help to capture semantics encoded in the database and can be used in a variety of settings like auto-completion of tables, fully-neural query processing of relational joins queries, seamlessly handling missing values, and more. Current work is restricted to working with just single table, or using pretrained embeddings over an external corpus making them unsuitable for use in real-world databases. In this work, we look into ways of using these attention-based model to learn embeddings for entities in the relational database. We are inspired by BERT style pretraining methods and are interested in observing how they can be extended for representation learning on structured databases. We evaluate our approach of the autocompletion of relational databases and achieve improvement over standard baselines.

Published
2021

7. Tracking entities in technical procedures -- a new dataset and baselines

Author

Goyal, Saransh, Pandey, Pratyush, Gaur, Garima, D, Subhalingam, Bedathur, Srikanta, and Ramanath, Maya

Subjects
Computer Science - Computation and Language, Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence, Computer Science - Information Retrieval
Abstract

We introduce TechTrack, a new dataset for tracking entities in technical procedures. The dataset, prepared by annotating open domain articles from WikiHow, consists of 1351 procedures, e.g., "How to connect a printer", identifies more than 1200 unique entities with an average of 4.7 entities per procedure. We evaluate the performance of state-of-the-art models on the entity-tracking task and find that they are well below the human annotation performance. We describe how TechTrack can be used to take forward the research on understanding procedures from temporal texts.

Published
2021

8. How and Why is An Answer (Still) Correct? Maintaining Provenance in Dynamic Knowledge Graphs

Author

Gaur, Garima, Bhattacharya, Arnab, and Bedathur, Srikanta

Subjects
Computer Science - Databases
Abstract

Knowledge graphs (KGs) have increasingly become the backbone of many critical knowledge-centric applications. Most large-scale KGs used in practice are automatically constructed based on an ensemble of extraction techniques applied over diverse data sources. Therefore, it is important to establish the provenance of results for a query to determine how these were computed. Provenance is shown to be useful for assigning confidence scores to the results, for debugging the KG generation itself, and for providing answer explanations. In many such applications, certain queries are registered as standing queries since their answers are needed often. However, KGs keep continuously changing due to reasons such as changes in the source data, improvements to the extraction techniques, refinement/enrichment of information, and so on. This brings us to the issue of efficiently maintaining the provenance polynomials of complex graph pattern queries for dynamic and large KGs instead of having to recompute them from scratch each time the KG is updated. Addressing these issues, we present HUKA which uses provenance polynomials for tracking the derivation of query results over knowledge graphs by encoding the edges involved in generating the answer. More importantly, HUKA also maintains these provenance polynomials in the face of updates---insertions as well as deletions of facts---to the underlying KG. Experimental results over large real-world KGs such as YAGO and DBpedia with various benchmark SPARQL query workloads reveals that HUKA can be almost 50 times faster than existing systems for provenance computation on dynamic KGs.

Published
2020

10. Dose agreement analysis of treatment planning system-calculated doses and markus chamber-measured doses in the near-surface region for breast cancer patients' conformal treatment plans

Author

Gaur, Garima, Banipal, Raja, Garg, Pardeep, Gurjar, Om, Kaur, Gurpreet, Sachdeva, Sheetal, Grover, Romikant, Kang, Manraj, and Dangwal, Vinod

Subjects
International Atomic Energy Agency, Care and treatment, International economic relations, Measurement, Cancer treatment -- Measurement, Breast cancer -- Care and treatment, Cancer -- Care and treatment
Published
2022

12. "TO EVALUATE CARDIAC TOXICITY IN ESOPHAGEAL CANCER PATIENTS TREATED WITH THREE DIMENSIONAL CONFORMAL RADIATION THERAPY VERSUS INTENSITY MODULATED RADIATION THERAPY''.

Author

Priya, Sheenu, Singh, Raja Paramjeet, Kaur, Shaminder, Garg, Pardeep, Kang, Manraj, Grover, Romi, Singh, Simrandeep, Kaur, Gurpreet, and Gaur, Garima

Subjects
CARDIOTOXICITY, RADIOTHERAPY, ESOPHAGEAL cancer, CANCER patients, HEART failure, LEFT heart atrium, CARDIOLOGICAL manifestations of general diseases
Abstract

BACKGROUND- Chemoradiation play crucial role in the treatment of esophageal cancer.3DCRT and IMRT are two widely used techniques in radiotherapy .Heart, lung and spinal cord are major organs at risk in radiotherapy of esophageal cancer. RIHD (Radiation induced heart disease) includes a spectrum of cardiovascular complications ranging from subclinical asymptomatic microscopic changes in heart to overt heart failure. The present study is aimed to evaluate acute cardiac toxicity in patients treated with 3DCRT versus IMRT. MATERIALS AND METHODS-Histologically proven forty esophageal cancer patients of mid and lower one third region were randomised equally in ARM A (3DCRT) and ARM B (IMRT).50-56 Gy in 28-30 fractions were given in 5-6 weeks along with concurrent CDDP weekly. Cardiac toxicity was observed via ECG and 2D - ECHO. Dosimetric parameters were noted and compared in both arms. RESULTS - Data were described in terms of range; mean ±standard deviation (± SD), frequencies (number of cases) and relative frequencies (percentages) as appropriate. quantitative variables between the study groups was done .In the present study We determined that mean dose to the all the chambers is comparable in both the arms but maximum dose of left atrium is significantly more in 3DCRT (50.57) as compared to IMRT(45.53).Also maximum dose of left ventricle is significantly more in 3DCRT (41.12) as compared to IMRT(32.19).The maximum dose of Right ventricle is significantly more in 3DCRT (25.58) as compared to IMRT(18.62). CONCLUSION-The observation we made in our study helped us arrive at a conclusion that 3DCRT is comparable to IMRT in terms of cardiac toxicity, mean dose to heart and its respective chambers. Only the maximum Dose to left atrium, and both the ventricles was significantly more in cases of 3DCRT as compared to IMRT. We conclude that 3DCRT is non inferor to IMRT in terms of acute cardiac toxicity. More follow up and similar studies are required to study chronic cardiac toxicity and effect on overall survival. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023

14. Dosimetric Comparison of Different Dose Calculation Algorithms in Postmastectomy Breast Cancer Patients Using Conformal Planning Techniques.

Author

Gaur, Garima, Dangwal, Vinod Kumar, Singh Banipal, Raja Paramjeet, Singh, Ranjit, Kaur, Gurpreet, Grover, Romikant, Sachdeva, Sheetal, Kang, Manraj Singh, Singh, Simrandeep, Garg, Pardeep, and Singh, Baltej

Subjects
*MEDICAL dosimetry, *BREAST, *BREAST cancer, *CANCER patients, *INTENSITY modulated radiotherapy, PLANNING techniques
Abstract

Background: The aim of the current study was to compare three different dose‑calculating algorithms, i.e., superposition (SP), fast SP (FSP), and convolution (CV), for breast cancer patients treated with intensity‑modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) and field‑in‑Field forward plan IMRT (FiF‑FP‑IMRT). Materials and Methods: The current retrospective study involved 100 postmastectomy breast cancer patients who were given radiotherapy using IMRT and FiF‑FP‑IMRT planning techniques. All the initially SP‑calculated plans were recalculated with the same monitor units for FSP and CV algorithm without change in any of the other planning parameters. The isodose distribution and various plan evaluating parameters, for example, conformity index (CI), homogeneity index, and uniformity index target volume and normal structure doses were compared and analyzed for all the different algorithm calculated plans. Results: In the IMRT plans, all the target and normal structure dose‑volume parameters showed a significant difference between all the three different algorithms with P < 0.05. In the FiF‑FP‑IMRT plans, CV algorithm showed a significant difference in most of the target and normal structure dose‑volume parameters. Among quality indexes, only CI showed a significant difference between all the algorithms in both the planning techniques. R50 showed a significant difference with the CV algorithm in both the planning techniques. Conclusion: The change in the dose calculation algorithm resulted in dosimetric changes which must be evaluated by the medical physicists and oncologists while evaluating treatment plans. In the current study with breast patients, the results obtained for target and normal structure doses using the CV algorithm are overestimated as compared to SP and FSP algorithms, producing variable results in air and bony normal structures. However, the ipsilateral lung V5 parameter and the ipsilateral humeral head mean dose were found to be underestimated by the CV algorithm as compared to the SP and FSP algorithm in both the planning techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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15. Dose agreement analysis of treatment planning system-calculated doses and markus chamber-measured doses in the near-surface region for breast cancer patients' conformal treatment planss

Author

Dangwal, VinodKumar, primary, Gaur, Garima, additional, Banipal, RajaParamjeet Singh, additional, Garg, Pardeep, additional, Gurjar, OmPrakash, additional, Kaur, Gurpreet, additional, Sachdeva, Sheetal, additional, Grover, Romikant, additional, and Kang, ManrajSingh, additional

Published
2022
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20. Radiotherapy Treatment Plan Quality Metrics for Postmastectomy Breast Cancer Patients Using Conformal Planning Techniques.

Author

Gaur, Garima, Singh, Raja Paramjeet, Gurjar, Om Prakash, Garg, Pardeep, Grover, Romikant, Kang, Manraj Singh, Kaur, Gurpreet, Sheetal, and Dangwa, Vinod Kumar

Subjects
*RADIOTHERAPY treatment planning, *BREAST cancer, *CANCER patients, *DRUG dosage, PLANNING techniques
Abstract

Introduction: The purpose of this study is to evaluate and compare treatment plan quality metrics for postmastectomy breast cancer patients using 3-Dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3DCRT) and intensitymodulated radiotherapy (IMRT) planning techniques. Material and Methods: The current study included 50 postmastectomy breast cancer patients out of which 24 were planned with 3DCRT and 26 with IMRT technique. Treatment plan quality metrics, namely homogeneity index (HI), conformity index (CI), conformation number (CN), uniformity index (UI) and spillage index (R50), volume receiving 110% and 95% of the prescribed dose (V110% and V95%) were calculated and compared for the two planning techniques. Results: IMRT plans have better conformity, homogeneity indices, and lower V110% than 3DCRT plans with an almost similar R50% and V95%. Conclusion: Quantitative values of radiotherapy treatment plan quality metrics for the target are found in favour of the IMRT technique rather than 3DCRT. Implementation of these five parameters is helpful for evaluating treatment plans along with slice by slice and DVH analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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21. A Comparative Analysis of Different Prescription Points in High Dose Rate Brachytherapy of Cervical Cancer.

Author

Kaur, Gurpreet, Srivastava, Anoop Kumar, Garg, Pardeep, Kang, Manraj Singh, Grover, Romikant, Gaur, Garima, Sheeta, Sheetal, and Dangwal, Vinod Kumar

Subjects
RADIOISOTOPE brachytherapy, HIGH dose rate brachytherapy, RECTUM, MEDICAL prescriptions, CERVICAL cancer, DRUG dosage
Abstract

Introduction: The dose prescription point in high dose rate (HDR) intracavitory brachytherapy (ICBT) of cervical cancer is Manchester point A but the localization of this point has a wider variation. To minimize these variations, the American Brachytherapy Society (ABS) introduced a new definition of point A and named it as point H. In this study, these two points have been compared in terms of dosimetric parameters. Material and Methods: Twenty HDR ICBT of cervical cancer patients were retrospectively evaluated with Manchester point A and ABS point H. Target volume covered by prescribed dose (TV), dose to 2cc (D2cc) of the bladder and rectum were noted for both points. Statistical analysis using a two-tailed paired t-test was performed to compare dosimetric parameters of both the points of prescription. The maximum value, minimum value, and mean ± standard deviation along with the p value have been noted. Results: On average, point H was 4.0mm ± 6.4mm shifted (superior/inferior) from point A, along the tandem direction. The average TV when the prescription was done at point H (TVH) was 33.7cc ± 10.1cc which was higher than the average TV when the prescription was done at point A (TVA) of 33.3cc ± 9.4 cc.D2cc increased from 63% ± 23% to 68% ± 24% for the rectum and 52% ± 18% to 56% ± 20% for the bladder when the prescription point changed from A to H. Conclusion: As observed, average TV, D2cc of the bladder, and rectum were higher in the case of point H prescription plan (PH) as compared with point A prescription plan (PA). The dose difference between PH and PA was found to be statistically significant, so careful consideration is needed to implementation of new point H in clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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