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Your search keyword '"Gastrointestinal Tract/metabolism"' showing total 4 results
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4 results on '"Gastrointestinal Tract/metabolism"'

1. Effect of protein composition of a model dairy matrix containing various levels of beta-casein on the structure and anti-inflammatory activity ofin vitrodigestates

Author

Milena Corredig, Elena Arranz, and N. Rafiee Tari

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Whey protein, Interleukin-6/metabolism, Interleukin-1beta, Anti-Inflammatory Agents, DIGESTION METHOD, INFANT FORMULA, Whey Proteins/metabolism, Casein, Gastrointestinal Tract/metabolism, Food science, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/metabolism, CELL-LINE, medicine.diagnostic_test, Chemistry, Dairy Products/analysis, Caseins, General Medicine, HYDROLYSIS, WHEY, Digestion, Proteolysis, Models, Biological, Proinflammatory cytokine, 03 medical and health sciences, FOOD, Macrophages/metabolism, medicine, Humans, Secretion, RELEASE, 030109 nutrition & dietetics, Interleukin-6, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha, Macrophages, BIOACTIVE PEPTIDES, Anti-Inflammatory Agents/metabolism, In vitro, DIETARY PROTEINS, Gastrointestinal Tract, Whey Proteins, 030104 developmental biology, Caco-2, MILK-PROTEINS, Interleukin-1beta/metabolism, Dairy Products, Caco-2 Cells, Caseins/metabolism, Food Science
Abstract

An increasing body of evidence demonstrates that differences in protein composition in the food matrix can significantly affect its biological functionality. The present research hypothesized that a matrix containing the same level of dairy protein, but with different composition, even when showing similar properties during digestion, may have a different biological functionality. To test this hypothesis, three matrices, containing 2.8% protein and similar amounts of fat and solid were prepared, either with 100% whey proteins, or with a ratio of caseins to whey protein of 40:60, but differing in β-casein ratio. The mixtures were subjected to in vitro digestion, and the digestates were used in uptake experiments using Caco-2 cell monolayers. The basolateral fraction metabolized by the cells was used to stimulate human LPS-stimulated THP-1 macrophages and the concentration of selected cytokines were measured, as an indication of potential differences in biological functionality between the different dairy matrices. All three digestates induced a significant reduction in IL-1β cytokines, with the casein-containing treatments inducing a greater decrease compared to that containing only whey proteins. The matrix containing the highest ratio of β-casein induced the lowest secretion of proinflammatory cytokines TNF- A and IL-6. This study demonstrated that milk protein composition does not only affect the rate of gastric proteolysis and structure of the gastric digestate, but will cause differences in physiological effects. This research stressed the role of milk protein components during digestion, and of β-casein in particular, and their potential to modulate biological functions in the gastrointestinal tract.

Published
2019

2. A BOILED‐Egg To Predict Gastrointestinal Absorption and Brain Penetration of Small Molecules

Author

Vincent Zoete and Antoine Daina

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Drug, media_common.quotation_subject, Biological Availability, physicochemical properties, Pharmacology, blood–brain barrier, 01 natural sciences, Biochemistry, chemoinformatics, Small Molecule Libraries, 03 medical and health sciences, food, Pharmacokinetics, medicinal chemistry, Drug Discovery, Humans, General Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics, Blood-Testis Barrier, media_common, drug absorption, 010405 organic chemistry, Chemistry, Drug discovery, Communication, Organic Chemistry, Blood-Testis Barrier/metabolism, Brain/metabolism, Drug Design, Gastrointestinal Tract/metabolism, Models, Theoretical, Pharmaceutical Preparations/metabolism, Small Molecule Libraries/chemistry, Small Molecule Libraries/metabolism, blood-brain barrier, Brain, food.food, Communications, 0104 chemical sciences, Bioavailability, Gastrointestinal Tract, 030104 developmental biology, Drug development, Pharmaceutical Preparations, Boiled egg, Cheminformatics, Molecular Medicine, Biological system
Abstract

Apart from efficacy and toxicity, many drug development failures are imputable to poor pharmacokinetics and bioavailability. Gastrointestinal absorption and brain access are two pharmacokinetic behaviors crucial to estimate at various stages of the drug discovery processes. To this end, the Brain Or IntestinaL EstimateD permeation method (BOILED‐Egg) is proposed as an accurate predictive model that works by computing the lipophilicity and polarity of small molecules. Concomitant predictions for both brain and intestinal permeation are obtained from the same two physicochemical descriptors and straightforwardly translated into molecular design, owing to the speed, accuracy, conceptual simplicity and clear graphical output of the model. The BOILED‐Egg can be applied in a variety of settings, from the filtering of chemical libraries at the early steps of drug discovery, to the evaluation of drug candidates for development.

Published
2016

3. The impact of gut hormones on the neural circuit of appetite and satiety: A systematic review

Author

Laura Egloff, Laura Mählmann, Christoph Beglinger, Sven Haller, André Schmidt, Davide Zanchi, Jürgen Drewe, Antoinette Depoorter, Stefan Borgwardt, and Undine E. Lang

Subjects
Leptin, medicine.medical_specialty, Neurologi, Cognitive Neuroscience, medicine.medical_treatment, media_common.quotation_subject, Appetite, 030209 endocrinology & metabolism, Satiation/physiology, Satiation, ddc:616.0757, 03 medical and health sciences, Behavioral Neuroscience, 0302 clinical medicine, Neurochemical, Internal medicine, medicine, Insulin, Brain/metabolism, Gastrointestinal Tract/metabolism, Humans, Gut, Cholecystokinin, media_common, PYY, fMRI, digestive, oral, and skin physiology, Appetite/physiology, Brain, Hormones/metabolism, Hormones, Ghrelin, Gastrointestinal Tract, Glucose, Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology, Endocrinology, Neurology, Hypothalamus, GLP-1, Psychology, Neuroscience, hormones, hormone substitutes, and hormone antagonists, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Hormone
Abstract

The brain-gut-axis is an interdependent system affecting neural functions and controlling our eating behaviour. In recent decades, neuroimaging techniques have facilitated its investigation. We systematically looked into functional and neurochemical brain imaging studies investigating how key molecules such as ghrelin, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), peptide tyrosine-tyrosine (PYY), cholecystokinin (CCK), leptin, glucose and insulin influence the function of brain regions regulating appetite and satiety. Of the 349 studies published before July 2016 identified in the database search, 40 were included (27 on healthy and 13 on obese subjects). Our systematic review suggests that the plasma level of ghrelin, the gut hormone promoting appetite, is positively correlated with activation in the pre-frontal cortex (PFC), amygdala and insula and negatively correlated with activation in subcortical areas such as the hypothalamus. In contrast, the plasma levels of glucose, insulin, leptin, PYY, GLP-1 affect the same brain regions conversely. Our study integrates previous investigations of the gut-brain matrix during food-intake and homeostatic regulation and may be of use for future meta-analyses of brain-gut interactions.

Published
2017
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4. Hepatic circadian clock oscillators and nuclear receptors integrate microbiome-derived signals

Author

Yi-Chun Yen, Arnaud Polizzi, Yuna Blum, Hervé Guillou, Marie Tremblay-Franco, Gilles Mithieux, Alexandra Montagner, Agata Korecka, Rémy Burcelin, Amandine Gautier-Stein, Sven Pettersson, Walter Wahli, Maha Al-Asmakh, Cécile Canlet, Hyunsoo Shawn Je, Sandrine Lagarrigue, Velmurugesan Arulampalam, Yannick Lippi, ToxAlim (ToxAlim), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Ecole d'Ingénieurs de Purpan (INPT - EI Purpan), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology (MTC), Stockholm University, Toxicologie Intégrative & Métabolisme (ToxAlim-TIM), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Transcriptomic impact of Xenobiotics (E23 TRiX), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Plateforme Génome & Transcriptome (GET), Génopole Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées [Auzeville] (GENOTOUL), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Génopole Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées [Auzeville] (GENOTOUL), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of California [Los Angeles] (UCLA), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), Analyse de Xénobiotiques, Identification, Métabolisme (E20 Metatoul-AXIOM), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-MetaboHUB-MetaToul, U855, Nutrition et cerveau, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (NUS), Molecular Neurophysiology Laboratory, Signature Program in Neuroscience and Behavioral Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School [Singapore], Karolinska Institute, Department of Health Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Physiologie, Environnement et Génétique pour l'Animal et les Systèmes d'Elevage [Rennes] (PEGASE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Université Européenne de Bretagne (UEB), Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University [Singapour], SCELSE microbiome centre, Center for Integrative Genomics - Institute of Bioinformatics, Génopode (CIG), Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics [Lausanne] (SIB), Université de Lausanne = University of Lausanne (UNIL)-Université de Lausanne = University of Lausanne (UNIL), Region Midi-Pyrenees, Swiss National Science Foundation, Bonizzi-Theler-Stiftung, 7th EU program TORNADO, Etat de Vaud, Nanyang Technological University Start-Up Grants, Merieux Foundation, Swedish Medical Research Council, SCELCE Microbiome Centre at NTU, Singapore, CIFAR Institute, Canada, ProdInra, Archive Ouverte, Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine (LKCMedicine), Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, University of California-University of California, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, AGROCAMPUS OUEST-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Center for Integrative Genomics, Université de Lausanne, Guillou, Hervé, Pettersson, Sven, Wahli, Walter, Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-MetaToul-MetaboHUB, Université de Lausanne (UNIL)-Université de Lausanne (UNIL), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Ecole d'Ingénieurs de Purpan (INPT - EI Purpan), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Génopole Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées [Auzeville] (GENOTOUL), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), and Nanyang Technological University (NTU)

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Male, Gut microbiota, Intestinal, microbiota, Liver-disease, Ppar-alpha, Metabolism, Homeostasis, Modulation, Components, Expression, Health, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Circadian clock, Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear, Mice, 0302 clinical medicine, 2. Zero hunger, Regulation of gene expression, Multidisciplinary, Gastrointestinal Microbiome, 3. Good health, CLOCK, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], Liver, Organ Specificity, Inactivation, Metabolic, Medicine, Female, Signal transduction, Erratum, Signal Transduction, medicine.medical_specialty, Cell biology, Animals, Biomarkers, Circadian Clocks/genetics, Gastrointestinal Tract/metabolism, Gastrointestinal Tract/microbiology, Gene Expression Profiling, Gene Expression Regulation, Gluconeogenesis/genetics, Inactivation, Metabolic/genetics, Liver/metabolism, Microbiota, Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/genetics, Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/metabolism, Transcriptome, Biology, Microbiology, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, Internal medicine, Circadian Clocks, medicine, Genetics, Microbiome, Gluconeogenesis, Gene expression profiling, Gastrointestinal Tract, 030104 developmental biology, Endocrinology, Liver function, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

The liver is a key organ of metabolic homeostasis with functions that oscillate in response to food intake. Although liver and gut microbiome crosstalk has been reported, microbiome-mediated effects on peripheral circadian clocks and their output genes are less well known. Here, we report that germ-free (GF) mice display altered daily oscillation of clock gene expression with a concomitant change in the expression of clock output regulators. Mice exposed to microbes typically exhibit characterized activities of nuclear receptors, some of which (PPARα, LXRβ) regulate specific liver gene expression networks, but these activities are profoundly changed in GF mice. These alterations in microbiome-sensitive gene expression patterns are associated with daily alterations in lipid, glucose, and xenobiotic metabolism, protein turnover, and redox balance, as revealed by hepatic metabolome analyses. Moreover, at the systemic level, daily changes in the abundance of biomarkers such as HDL cholesterol, free fatty acids, FGF21, bilirubin, and lactate depend on the microbiome. Altogether, our results indicate that the microbiome is required for integration of liver clock oscillations that tune output activators and their effectors, thereby regulating metabolic gene expression for optimal liver function. Région Midi-Pyrénées to HG (Mathusalem) and to WW (Chaire d’Excellence Pierre de Fermat). This work was also supported by grants from the Swiss National Science Foundation (individual grants to WW), the Bonizzi-Theler-Stiftung (WW), the 7th EU program TORNADO (WW, SP), and by the Etat de Vaud and the Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Start-Up Grants. SP is also supported by grants from the Merieux Foundation, Swedish Medical Research Council, the SCELCE Microbiome Centre at NTU, Singapore, and CIFAR Institute, Canada.

Published
2016

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