Search

Background: In this systematic review, we aim to evaluate the reasons and outcomes behind remnant gastrectomy with or after gastric bypass procedures., Results: A total of 66 studies examining 1918 patients were included in this study with 70% of female predominance. Twenty studies reported RGB on 1751 patients and 46 studies reported remnant gastrectomy after gastric bypass in 167 patients. The most common etiology of RGB was related to the in situ remnant stomach neoplasia in 10 studies on 981 patients; mostly for preventive intentions in high prevalence areas. Remnant gastrectomy after gastric bypass was performed to treat a complication such as GGF, retrograde bile reflux gastritis, cancer mostly adenocarcinoma. Studies revealed that RGB has similar weight loss in comparison to standard Roux-en-Y gastric bypass., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.)

To evaluate the technical feasibility of percutaneous radiologic gastrostomy in patients after partial gastrectomy.This retrospective study included 15 consecutive gastrectomized patients with attempted percutaneous radiologic gastrostomy at our institution between April 2014 and March 2021. When the stomach was sufficiently insufflated to distend below the left anterior subcostal margin, percutaneous radiologic gastrostomy with gastropexy was conventionally performed by the Seldinger technique. When the stomach was still highly positioned and/or overlaid by the other organs, some adjunctive maneuvers, such as hydro-displacement, intragastric balloon support, or cephalad oblique puncture or left intercostal puncture, were employed as modified gastrostomy. Ultrasonography or x-ray or computed tomography fluoroscopy was used for imaging guidance during the gastric puncture. Adequate tube placement was defined as technical success. Technical details, clinical outcomes, and complications were reviewed.One patient underwent percutaneous radiologic jejunostomy instead of gastrostomy because safe gastric access could not be ensured. Seven patients underwent conventional gastrostomy; the other seven underwent modified gastrostomy with no gastropexy. The technical success rate was 100% (7/7) in the conventional group and 85.7% (6/7) in the modified group. The stomach was punctured under x-ray or computed tomography fluoroscopy for conventional gastrostomy. In contrast, the combination of various modalities was used for modified gastrostomy except for one failed case with unintentional transhepatic access. During a median follow-up of 108 days, no major complications occurred.The adequate combination of multimodal imaging guidance and technical modifications could secure radiological creation of gastrostomy for the postsurgical stomach.Level 4, Case Series.

Background As a restrictive procedure, laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) relies primarily on the reduction of gastric volume. It has been suggested that an immediate postoperative gastric remnant volume (GRV) may influence long-term results of LSG; however, there are no consensus in this matter. The aim of this study was to assess the reproducibility of different radiographic methods of GRV calculation and evaluate their correlation with the weight loss (WL) after surgery. Methods This retrospective study evaluated 174 patients who underwent LSG in the period from 2014 to 2017. Using UGI, GRV was measured with 3 different mathematical methods by 2 radiologists. Intraobserver and interobserver calculations were made. Correlation between GRV and WL were estimated with calculations percentage of total weight loss (%TWL) and percentage of excess weight loss (%EWL) after 1, 3, 6, 12, 18, and 24 months postoperatively. Results During analysis of intraobserver similarities, the results of ICC calculation showed that reproducibility was good to excellent for all GRV calculation methods. The intraobserver reproducibility for Reader I was highest for cylinder and truncated cone formula and for Reader II for ellipsoid formula. The interobserver reproducibility was highest for ellipsoid formula. Regarding correlation between GRV and WL, significant negative correlation has been shown on the 12th month after LSG in %TWL and %EWL for every method of GRV calculation, most important for ellipsoid formula (%TWL – r(X,Y) = -0.335, p p Conclusion Radiographic methods of GRV calculation are characterized by good reproducibility and correlate with the postoperative WL. Graphical Abstract

Background Gastric stump cancer, also known as gastric remnant cancer (GRC), is one of the main complications of postgastrectomy syndrome, which usually occurs following Billroth II reconstruction. The predominant histological subtype of GRC is adenocarcinoma, whereas neuroendocrine carcinoma is relatively rare. In particular, there are few recently reported cases of mixed neuroendocrine carcinoma (MNEC) in the English literature. Here, we present an extremely rare case of MNEC of the gastric stump. Case summary A 59-year-old patient presented to our department owing to chronic constipation. He had undergone subtotal gastric resection 35 years prior to admission because of benign peptic ulcer. After admission, the patient underwent several tests, and gastroendoscopy showed evidence of Billroth II gastrectomy and local thickening of the gastric stump mucosa at the gastrojejunostomy site, with bile reflux; pathological biopsy revealed adenocarcinoma. He was then diagnosed with GRC and underwent total gastrectomy, D2 Lymphadenectomy, and esophagojejunal Roux-en-Y reconstruction. Histopathological examination of the specimen identified MNEC comprising MNEC (60%), adenocarcinoma (30%), and squamous cell carcinoma (10%). Postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy was initiated on September 17, 2020. Taxol plus cisplatin was administered for only one cycle because of severe liver function damage, and the regimen was changed to etoposide plus cisplatin on October 10, 2020 for five cycles. The patient recovered, with no recurrence after 6 mo of follow-up. Conclusion Gastric MNECs (GMNECs) is a rare type of GRC. This study presented the unusual occurrence of GMNEC in the gastric stump. This case will contribute to improvements in our understanding of the carcinogenesis, biology, pathology, and behavior of GMNEC and GRC.

Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) is the most common bariatric surgery in the United States. RYGB is a successful and safe procedure that promotes weight loss, improves medical comorbidities and overall quality of life. Following RYGB, endoscopic access to the biliopancreatic limb and the excluded stomach is limited due to altered anatomy. Access to the excluded stomach maybe needed for management of complications following RYGB as gastric remnant decompression duo to biliopancreatic limb obstruction or nutritional support due to postoperative malnutrition. We report three cases of RYGB complications that necessitated percutaneous gastrostomy.

Background Delayed gastric emptying (DGE) is a frequent complication after pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD). The diagnosis of DGE is based on International Study Group for Pancreatic Surgery (ISGPS) clinical criteria and objective assessments of DGE are infrequently used. The present literature review aimed to identify objective measures of DGE following PD and determine whether these measures correlate with the clinical definition of DGE. Methods A systematic search was performed using the MEDLINE Ovid, EMBASE, Google Scholar and CINAHL databases for studies including pancreatic surgery, delayed gastric emptying and gastric motility until June 2022. The primary outcome was modalities undertaken for the objective measurement of DGE following PD and correlation between objective measurements and clinical diagnosis of DGE. Relevant risk of bias analysis was performed. Results The search revealed 4881 records, of which 46 studies were included in the final analysis. There were four objective modalities of DGE assessment including gastric scintigraphy (n = 28), acetaminophen/paracetamol absorption test (n = 10), fluoroscopy (n = 6) and the 13C-acetate breath test (n = 3). Protocols were inconsistent, and reported correlations between clinical and objective measures of DGE were variable; however, amongst these measures, at least one study directly or indirectly inferred a correlation, with the greatest evidence accumulated for gastric scintigraphy. Conclusion Several objective modalities to assess DGE following PD have been identified and evaluated, however are infrequently used. Substantial variability exists in the literature regarding indications and interpretation of these tests, and there is a need for a real-time objective modality which correlates with ISGPS DGE definition after PD.

Background This retrospective study aimed to investigate the short-term surgical outcomes and nutritional status of ileo-colon interposition in patients with esophageal cancer who could not undergo gastric tube reconstruction. Methods Sixty-four patients underwent subtotal esophagectomy with reconstruction using ileo-colon interposition for esophageal cancer at the Wakayama Medical University Hospital between January 2001 and July 2020. Using propensity scores to strictly balance the significant variables, we compared treatment outcomes. Results Before matching, 18 patients had cologastrostomy and 46 patients had colojejunostomy. After matching, we enrolled 34 patients (n = 17 in cologastrostomy group, n = 17 in colojejunostomy group). Median operation time in the cologastrostomy group was significantly shorter than that in the colojejunostomy group (499 min vs. 586 min; P = 0.013). Perforation of the colon graft was observed in three patients (7%) and colon graft necrosis was observed in one patient (2%) in the gastrojejunostomy group. Median body weight change 1 year after surgery in the cologastrostomy group was significantly less than that of the colojejunostomy group (92.9% vs. 88.5%; P = 0.038). Further, median serum total protein level 1 year after surgery in the cologastrostomy group was significantly higher than that of the colojejunostomy group (7.0 g/dL vs. 6.6 g/dL, P = 0.030). Conclusions Subtotal esophagectomy with reconstruction using ileo-colon interposition is a safe and feasible procedure for the patients with esophageal cancer in whom gastric tubes cannot be used. Cologastrostomy with preservation of the remnant stomach had benefits in the surgical outcomes and the postoperative nutritional status.

Background As a restrictive procedure, laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) relies primarily on the reduction of gastric volume. It has been suggested that an immediate postoperative gastric remnant volume (GRV) may influence long-term results of LSG; however, there are no consensus in this matter. The aim of this study was to assess the reproducibility of different radiographic methods of GRV calculation and evaluate their correlation with the weight loss (WL) after surgery. Methods This retrospective study evaluated 174 patients who underwent LSG in the period from 2014 to 2017. Using UGI, GRV was measured with 3 different mathematical methods by 2 radiologists. Intraobserver and interobserver calculations were made. Correlation between GRV and WL were estimated with calculations percentage of total weight loss (%TWL) and percentage of excess weight loss (%EWL) after 1, 3, 6, 12, 18, and 24 months postoperatively. Results During analysis of intraobserver similarities, the results of ICC calculation showed that reproducibility was good to excellent for all GRV calculation methods. The intraobserver reproducibility for Reader I was highest for cylinder and truncated cone formula and for Reader II for ellipsoid formula. The interobserver reproducibility was highest for ellipsoid formula. Regarding correlation between GRV and WL, significant negative correlation has been shown on the 12th month after LSG in %TWL and %EWL for every method of GRV calculation, most important for ellipsoid formula (%TWL – r(X,Y) = -0.335, p

The objective was to retrospectively analyze the dependence of long-term results of laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery according to the size of the formed gastric stumpMethods and materials. We retrospectively analyzed the long-term results of 207 morbidly obese patients who underwent laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery by two different techniques. The median follow-up was 36 months. Two groups of patients were identified according to the method of formation of the gastric stump: using 2 (1st group) or 3 (2nd group) stapler cassettes and performing of computed tomography volumetry to determine thevolume of the created gastric stump.Results. Statistically significant differences in the volume of the formed gastric stump, depending on the method of operation, were as follows: 23.8 ml (8.9–37.3 ml) in the 1st group and 47.7 ml (31.9–72.8 ml) in the 2nd group (pst and 2nd groups, respectively (pConclusion. We revealed that the formation of the gastric stump of a very small volume by 2 stapler cassettes compared to using 3 stapler cassettes contributes to improving the results in the long-term postoperative period and minimizing the frequency of relapse of weight gain and insufficient weight loss. The restrictive component of the surgery with equal malabsorptive is fundamental for the clinical parameters of its effectiveness, that leads to increasing the frequency of relapses of weight gain and insufficient weight loss in the 2nd group in comparison with the 1st and group of patients (p

Robotic subtotal gastrectomy (RsTG) with a small remnant stomach for treatment of gastric cancer (GC) in the upper stomach may have advantages over robotic TG (RTG). These may affect postoperative complications and postoperative nutritional status. This is a single-center retrospective study of 46 consecutive patients with GC who underwent RsTG (n = 10) and RTG (n = 36). The indication for RsTG included tumor located in the upper body of the stomach, in which the distance between the upper edge of the tumor and the junction was 2 cm or more and less than 5 cm, and no clinical evidence of lymph node metastasis. Operation time was significantly longer (384 min) and intraoperative blood loss was significantly larger (38 ml) in the RTG group than in the RsTG group (299.5 min, P = 0.021, and 25 ml P = 0.002). Two patients (5.6%) in the RTG group had complications, while no postoperative complications of higher than grade II were observed in the RsTG group. Serum albumin levels at 3 months after surgery were significantly higher in the RsTG group (3.85 g/dl) than in the RTG group (3.2 g/dl, P = 0.001). Postoperative recovery of bodyweight at 6 months after surgery was significantly better in the RsTG group (91.3%) than in the RTG group (84.25%, P = 0.001). RsTG for treatment of patients with GC in the upper body of the stomach is safe and feasible, and may enable improved postoperative nutritional status compared with RTG.

Introduction Patients with type 2 diabetes experience resolution of hyperglycemia within days after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery. This is attributed, in part, to enhanced secretion of hindgut factors following exclusion of the gastric remnant and proximal intestine during surgery. However, evidence of the mechanisms of remission remain limited due to the challenges of metabolic evaluation during the early postoperative period. The purpose of this investigation was to determine the role of foregut exclusion in the resolution of type 2 diabetes after RYGB. Methods Patients with type 2 diabetes (n = 15) undergoing RYGB had a gastrostomy tube (G-tube) placed in their gastric remnant at time of surgery. Patients were randomized to receive a mixed meal tolerance test via oral or G-tube feeding immediately prior to and 2 weeks after surgery in a repeated measures crossover design. Plasma glucose, insulin, C-peptide, incretin responses, and indices of meal-stimulated insulin secretion and sensitivity were determined. Results Body weight, fat mass, fasting glucose and insulin, and circulating lipids were significantly decreased 2 weeks after surgery. The glycemic response to feeding was reduced as a function of total area under the curve but not after adjustment for the reduction in fasting glucose. Oral feeding significantly enhanced insulin and incretin secretion after RYGB, which was entirely ablated by G-tube feeding. Conclusion Foregut exclusion accounts for the rise in incretin and insulin secretion but may not fully explain the early improvements in glucose metabolism after RYGB surgery.

BACKGROUND Remnant gastric cancer (RGC) is defined as a tumor that develops in the stomach after a previous gastrectomy and is generally associated with a worse prognosis. However, there little information available regarding RGCs and their prognostic factors and survival. AIM To evaluate the clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis of RGC after previous gastrectomy for benign disease. METHODS Patients who underwent curative resection for primary gastric cancer (GC) at our institute between 2009 and 2019 were retrospectively evaluated. All RGC resections with histological diagnosis of gastric adenocarcinoma were enrolled in this study. Primary proximal GC (PGC) who underwent total gastrectomy was selected as the comparison group. Clinical and pathological data were collected from a prospective medical database. RESULTS A total of 41 patients with RGC and 120 PGC were included. Older age (P = 0.001), lower body mass index (P = 0.006), hemoglobin level (P < 0.001), and number of resected lymph nodes resected (LN) (P < 0.001) were associated with the RGC group. Lauren type, pathological tumor-node-metastasis, and perioperative morbimortality were similar between RGC and PGC. There was no difference in disease-free survival (P = 0.592) and overall survival (P = 0.930) between groups. LN status was the only independent factor related to survival. CONCLUSION RGC had similar clinicopathological characteristics to PGC. Despite the lower number of resected LN, RGC had a similar prognosis.

Gastric stump cancer is a carcinoma which forms no earlier than 5years after surgery for benign disease. The incidence ranges from 2.4 to 5% among patients with stomach cancer. Previous operations lead to the emergence of an adhesive process in the abdominal cavity, changes in the anatomy and topography of the abdominal organs, as well as the development of new ways of lymph outflow. These factors lead to the re-surgery becomes technically more complicated and requires high professional training from the surgeon. Of particular surgical interest is the issue of restoration of the digestive tract, which directly depends on the nature and volume of the previous surgery. In this paper, the authors describe cases of surgical treatment of gastric stump cancer in two patients, who had previously undergone pancreaticoduodenectomy.

Background: Bariatric surgery is an effective treatment for obesity and its associated morbidities. They are safe surgeries, their general complication rate is 0%–10%. However, acute gastric dilati...

Gastric stump cancer (GSC) has distinct clinicopathological characteristics from primary gastric cancer. However, the detailed molecular and pathological characteristics of GSC remain to be clarified because of its rarity. In this study, a set of tissue microarrays from 89 GSC patients was analysed by immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridisation. Programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) was expressed in 98.9% of tumour-infiltrating immune cells (TIICs) and 6.7% of tumour cells (TCs). Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) was detected in 18 patients (20.2%). Overexpression of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 and deficiency of mismatch repair (MMR) protein expression were observed in 5.6% and 1.1% of cases, respectively. Moreover, we used next-generation sequencing to determine the gene mutation profiles of a subset of the 50 most recent patients. The most frequently mutated genes were TP53 (42.0%) followed by SMAD4 (18.0%) and PTEN (16.0%), all of which are tumour suppressor genes. A high frequency of PD-L1 expression in TIICs and a high EBV infection rate suggest immune checkpoint inhibitors for treatment of GSC despite a relatively low frequency of deficient MMR gene expression. Other molecular characteristics such as PTEN and SMAD4 mutations might be considered to develop new treatment strategies.

Objective Complete gastrectomy for gastric stump cancer (GSC) can be challenging due to severe adhesions; therefore, advanced techniques are required when being performed by laparoscopic surgery. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical outcomes of laparoscopic completion total gastrectomy (LCTG) for the treatment of GSC. Methods Patient records from January 2010 to October 2018 were retrospectively evaluated. The patients were classified into 2 groups depending on whether they underwent open or laparoscopic gastrectomy. We compared patient characteristics; operative, clinical, and pathological data between the groups. Results Twenty open and 17 LCTGs were performed. Laparoscopic gastrectomy resulted in a significantly longer operation time (230 versus 182.5 min; P = 0.026), lower blood loss (14 versus 105 mL; P < 0.001), and shorter period to the first flatus passage (2 versus 3 days; P < 0.001) than open gastrectomy. No significant differences in the number of retrieved lymph nodes, duration of hospital stay, complication rate, and postoperative analgesic usage between the 2 groups were observed. No patients required conversion to open surgery in the laparoscopic-treatment group. Pathologic findings revealed that the laparoscopic group had a smaller tumor size (not pathologic T category) and fewer metastatic lymph nodes than the open group, leading to an earlier distribution of the pathologic stage in the laparoscopic group. Conclusions LCTG for the treatment of GSC was safely conducted with fewer complications and mortalities than previously reported results. Advanced technologies and sophistication of laparoscopic skills may further yield minimal invasiveness with better short-term outcome.

The incidence and outcomes of GRC remain variable. Minority published researches have paid attention to the characteristics of GRC. This study aimed to make a systematic review and meta-analysis of the prevalence of GRC, with a focus on characteristics and survival rates of GRC. PubMed, EMBASE, and CENTRAL were searched for related clinical studies. Data were pooled using Stata 11.0, and subgroup and sensitivity analyses were performed if necessary and feasible. Moreover, SPSS (version 19.0) was used for comparing the clinical characteristics of GRC. Twenty studies were selected in this meta-analysis. The results indicated that the pooled prevalence of GRC was 2.6% (95% confidence interval (CI), 2.2–3.0%, p = 0.000). European population and American populations have a higher rate of prevalence of GRC than Chinese populations and Japan. There is no significant difference in histology and the TNM stage between the benign group and the malignant group. The five-year survival rate for GRC cases with benign primary gastric diseases is poorer than the primary gastric diseases malignant. Gastric remnant cancer is not a very rare clinical problem, especially for European and American patients. Active treatment and regular follow-up are conductive to increase 5-years survival rate.

With the increasing incidence of upper gastric cancer and early gastric cancer, surgeons have gradually paid attention to the selection of appropriate digestive tract reconstruction methods. At present, the safety of surgery is no longer the main aim pursued by surgeons, and the focus of surgery has gradually changed to postoperative quality of life. Surgical procedures for upper gastric cancer include total gastrectomy (TG) and proximal gastrectomy (PG). Roux-en-Y anastomosis is recommended for digestive tract reconstruction after TG. The classic method of digestive tract reconstruction after PG is distal residual stomach and esophageal anastomosis. However, to prevent esophageal reflux caused by PG, a lot of explorations have been carried out over the years, including tubular gastroesophageal anastomosis, double-flap technique (Kamikawa anastomosis), interposition jejunum, double-tract reconstruction and so on. But the appropriate method of digestive tract reconstruction for upper gastric cancer is still controversial. In this paper, based on literatures and our clinical experience, the selection, surgical difficulties and techniques of digestive tract reconstruction after PG are discussed.随着胃上部癌发病率的上升和早期病例的增加，选择合适的胃切除消化道重建方式逐渐被大家重视。目前，手术的安全性问题已不再是外科医生们担忧的主要问题，手术关注点逐渐转变为患者术后的生活质量。胃上部癌手术方式包括全胃切除术（TG）和近端胃切除术（PG）。TG推荐的消化道重建方式为食管空肠Roux-en-Y吻合；经典PG术后的消化道重建方式是远端残胃与食管吻合，但为了解决其引起的食管反流，多年来进行了大量探索，出现了食管管状胃吻合、双肌瓣吻合（Kamikawa吻合术）、间置空肠以及双通道吻合等重建方式。而目前何为最佳消化道重建方式，仍存在争议。本文结合文献和自身临床经验，就PG术后消化道重建方式的选择、手术难点与技巧等问题进行讨论。.

This article covers the problem of ischemic necrosis of the gastric stump after its distal resection, which is a rare but one of the most formidable complications of surgical treatment.

Background The incidence of metachronous multiple gastric cancer (MMGC) after gastrectomy remains unclear. This study evaluated the incidences of MMGC according to specific gastrectomy types, including pylorus-preserving gastrectomy (PPG), proximal gastrectomy (PG), and function-preserving gastrectomy (FPG), which was categorized as segmental gastrectomy and local resection. Methods We conducted a questionnaire survey of the Japanese Society for Gastro-Surgical Pathophysiology members, who were asked to report their institutional numbers of radical gastrectomy cases for cancer between 2003 and 2012. The cases were categorized according to whether the remnant stomach’s status was followed for > 5 years, confirmation of MMGC, time to diagnosis, and treatment for MMGC. We calculated the “precise incidence” of MMGC by dividing the number of MMGC cases by the number of cases in which the status of remnant stomach was followed up for > 5 years. Results The responses identified 33,731 cases of gastrectomy. The precise incidences of MMGC were 2.35% after distal gastrectomy (DG), 3.01% after PPG, 6.28% after PG (p p p p Conclusions The incidence of MMGC was 2.4% after DG, and higher incidences were observed for larger stomach remnants. However, the proportion of cases in which MMGC could be treated using endoscopic submucosal dissection was significantly higher after PG and FPG than after DG.

Background Proximal gastrectomy (PG) has become an increasingly preferred procedure for early cancer in the upper third of the stomach, owing to reportedly superior quality of life (QOL) after PG when compared with total gastrectomy. However, various methods of reconstruction have currently been proposed. We compared the postoperative QOL among the three different reconstruction methods after PG using the Postgastrectomy Syndrome Assessment Scale-45 (PGSAS-45) questionnaire. Methods Post Gastrectomy Syndrome Assessment Study (PGSAS), a nationwide multi-institutional survey, was conducted to evaluate QOL using the PGSAS-45 among various types of gastrectomy. Of the 2,368 eligible data from the PGSAS survey, data from 193 patients who underwent PG were retrieved and used in the current study. The PGSAS-45 consists of 45 items including 22 original gastrectomy specific items in addition to the SF-8 and GSRS. These were consolidated into 19 main outcome measures pertaining postgastrectomy symptoms, amount of food ingested, quality of ingestion, work, and level of satisfaction for daily work, and the three reconstruction methods (n = 193; 115 esophago-gastrostomy [PGEG], 34 jejunal interposition [PGJI], and 44 jejunal pouch interposition [PGJPI]) were compared using PGSAS-45. Results Size of the remnant stomach was significantly larger in PGEG, and significantly smaller in PGJI and PGJPI (P P = 0.047–0.076). Conclusion PGJPI appears to be the most favorable of the three reconstruction methods after PG especially when the size of remnant stomach is rather small. Trial registration number UMIN-CTR #000002116 entitled as “A study to observe correlation between resection and reconstruction procedures employed for gastric neoplasms and development of postgastrectomy syndrome”

Gastric stump (&ldquo, remnant&rdquo, ) cancer is the development of a malignancy related to previous gastric surgery. Prognosis in gastric stump cancer, compared with that in primary gastric cancer, is still controversial. From January 1988 to December 2012 at a single medical centre in Taiwan, 105 patients with gastric stump cancer, including 85 with previous peptic ulcer disease and 20 with previous gastric cancer, were analyzed for clinicopathologic characteristics and overall survival (os). The 5-year os rates for patients with gastric stump cancer and with primary gastric cancer were 51.2% and 54.5% respectively (p = 0.035). Analysis of clinicopathologic characteristics indicated that, compared with patients having primary gastric cancer, those with gastric stump cancer had more lymph node metastasis (p < 0.001) and had been diagnosed at a more advanced stage (p = 0.047). Multivariate analysis with os as an endpoint showed that age [p = 0.015, hazard ratio (hr): 2.300, 95% confidence interval (ci): 1.173 to 4.509], tumour size (p = 0.037, hr: 1.700, 95% ci: 1.031 to 2.801), stromal reaction (p = 0.021, hr: 1.802, 95% ci: 1.094 to 2.969), and pathologic N category (p = 0.001, hr: 1.449, 95% ci: 1.161 to 1.807) were independent predictors in gastric stump cancer. The os rates for patients with gastric stump cancer who previously had gastric cancer or peptic ulcer disease were 72.9% and 50.0% respectively (p = 0.019). The Borrmann classification was more superficial (p = 0.005), lymph node metastases were fewer (p = 0.004), and staging was less advanced (p = 0.025) in patients with gastric stump cancer who previously had gastric cancer than in their counterparts who previously had peptic ulcer disease. Survival is poorer in patients with gastric stump cancer who previously had peptic ulcer disease than in those who previously had primary gastric cancer. Patients with gastric stump cancer who previously had gastric cancer and could receive curative gastrectomy tended to have a better prognosis because of a more superficial Borrmann classification. Regular follow-up in patients who have undergone gastric surgery is recommended for the early detection of gastric stump cancer.

No guidelines are available for defining the extent of lymph node (LN) dissection in patients with remnant gastric carcinoma (RGC). Hence, this retrospective study aimed to determine the optimal extent of LN dissection in patients with RGC. We retrospectively evaluated the therapeutic outcomes of node dissection for RGC from a nationwide registry. When the metastatic rate or 5-year survival rate exceeded 10%, dissection was recommended. We calculated the dissection index by multiplying the incidence of metastasis at that nodal station by the 5-year survival rate of patients with metastasis at the station. A dissection index of > 1.0 was considered significant. We included 1133 patients with RGC (T2–T4 tumor) who had undergone distal gastrectomy as the primary surgery for the evaluation of the survival benefit of nodal dissection. Any regional node station was considered significant. When the primary surgery was for malignant disease, the index was high for Nos. 3 (10.2), 7 (9.5), 1 (7.1), and 9 (8.0) nodes. For nodes at the splenic hilum, the index value was 4.4, which was higher than that for the perigastric nodes (Nos. 4sa and 4sb). The index for No. 10 nodes was the highest (10.5) when tumors involved a greater curvature. The therapeutic strategy for RGC remains the same, regardless of the histology of the primary disease during the initial surgery. Total gastrectomy and dissection of the perigastric LNs (Nos. 1–4), suprapancreatic LNs (Nos. 7–9 and 11), and LNs at the splenic hilum (No. 10) are justified.

Background. Postsurgical gastroparesis syndrome (PGS) after subtotal gastrectomy imposes significant social and economic burdens. We aimed to investigate the relationship between preoperative blood glucose level and PGS and develop a nomogram for individualized prediction. Patients and Methods. We retrospectively analyzed 633 patients with gastric cancer who underwent subtotal gastrectomy. Preoperative blood glucose levels were evaluated via receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Chi-squared tests and multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to develop a predictive model for PGS, presented as a nomogram, which was assessed for its clinical usefulness. Results. Thirty-eight of 633 patients were diagnosed with PGS. Based on the ROC curve analysis, the preoperative blood glucose cutoff value for PGS was 6.25 mmol/L. The predictors of PGS included preoperative hyperglycemia (odds ratio (OR) 2.3, P=0.03), body mass index (BMI; OR 0.21, P=0.14 for BMI<18.5 and OR 3.0, P=0.004 for BMI>24), and the anastomotic method (OR 7.3, P=0.001 for Billroth II and OR 5.9, P=0.15 for Roux-en-Y). The predictive model showed good discrimination ability, with a C-index of 0.710, and was clinically useful. Conclusions. Preoperative hyperglycemia effectively predicts PGS. We present a nomogram incorporating the preoperative blood glucose level, BMI, anastomotic method, and tumor size, for individualized prediction of PGS.

Background Cancer cells are often found postoperatively at surgical resection margins (RM) in patients with gastric cancer because of submucosal infiltration or hesitation to secure adequate RM. This study was designed to evaluate risk factors for microscopic positive RM and to clarify which patients should undergo intraoperative frozen section diagnosis (IFSD). Methods Patients who underwent R0/1 gastrectomy for gastric adenocarcinoma between 2000 and 2018 in a single cancer center in Japan were studied. We divided the patients into a positive RM group and negative RM group according to the results of definitive histopathological examinations. We performed multivariate analysis to analyze risk factors for positive RM by and used the identified risk factors to risk stratify the patients. Results A total of 2757 patients were studied, including 49 (1.8%) in the positive RM group. The risk factors significantly associated with positive RM were remnant gastric cancer (odds ratio [OR] 4.7), esophageal invasion (OR 6.3), tumor size ≥80 mm (OR 3.9), and a histopathological diagnosis of undifferentiated type (OR 3.6), macroscopic type 4 (OR 3.7), or pT4 disease (OR 4.6). On risk stratification analysis, the incidence of positive RM was 0.1% without any risk factors, increasing to 0.4% with one risk factor, 3.1% with two risk factors, 5.3% with three risk factors, 21.3% with four risk factors, and 85.7% with five risk factors. Conclusions The risk of macroscopically positive RM increased in patients who have risk factors. IFSD should be performed in patients who have four or more risk factors.

Purpose The safety and feasibility of preserving the remnant stomach during distal pancreatectomy (DP) in patients who have undergone distal gastrectomy (DG) remains unclear. Methods A retrospective review of a prospectively maintained database was performed to identify patients who underwent DP. A propensity score-matched analysis was performed to match post-DG patients with control patients. Results Among the 226 patients included in this study, 9 DP patients who had a history of DG were studied (4.0%). These nine patients in the DG group were matched to 45 patients in the control group. There were no significant differences in the incidence of postoperative morbidities, including postoperative pancreatic fistula rate or stomach-related complications. The hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c) levels in the DG group after surgery decreased to the normal range. Conclusion Our study suggested that the remnant stomach may be safely preserved when performing DP in patients with a history of DG with respect to short-term morbidities. However, there are some concerns about the long-term nutritional status in patients with a history of DG.

For McKeown esophagectomy, gastric tube is widely used for constructing esophagogastrotomy. Traditionally, the gastric fundus is preserved for gastric tube formation in order to provide adequate length of the gastric conduit for neck anastomosis. Nevertheless, gastric stump necrosis, anastomotic leakage, and postoperative gastric tube dilatation are the common postoperative complications for McKeown esophagectomy using traditional gastric tube. Here, we report a novel coniform gastric tube shaping technique to maximally avoid conduit dilatation after the McKeown esophagectomy without nasogastric tube placement, while simultaneously maintaining a tension-free and well-perfused anastomosis.

One anastomosis gastric bypass (OAGB) has gained popularity over the recent years; it appears to be an effective bariatric procedure with acceptable weight loss, co-morbidity resolution, and complication rates in the short and medium term. However, it still continues to have concerns in the bariatric community due to a spectrum of potential complications. To our knowledge, there are few published cases of internal hernia, but no published reports of gastric remnant perforation following OAGB. We report a case of a 32-year-old female who developed a perforation of the remnant stomach along the gastric fundus secondary to bowel obstruction 5 years after OAGB. The perforation was managed by stapled resection of the perforated fundus and closure of Peterson’s space for potential hernia as a causative factor, and the patient had a smooth postoperative recovery. Early diagnosis is crucial in post bariatric emergencies with a low threshold of early intervention. Gastric remnant perforation was previously described in some reports following Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) but not after OAGB. Etiology of perforation can be rationalized to primary gastric remnant pathology or secondary to external factors such as back pressure of mechanical/functional bowel obstruction. Peterson’s hernia and gastric remnant perforation are rare, yet serious, complications that need to be kept in mind while dealing with post-OAGB patients presenting with abdominal pain. Early diagnosis and treatment are essential for a better outcome.

Background Distal gastrectomy with lymph node dissection, a standard operative technique for gastric cancer treatment, is safely performed because the stomach has a rich vascular supply. Gastric remnant necrosis caused by cholesterol crystal embolization following distal gastrectomy has not been described previously. We report a case of gastric remnant necrosis in a patient with cholesterol crystal embolization. Case presentation A 70-year-old man with a history of cholesterol crystal embolization presented to our surgery department with complaints of anorexia and dysphasia. He was diagnosed with gastric cancer invading the pyloric antrum and underwent distal gastrectomy with Billroth 2 reconstruction. On postoperative day 11, he developed abdominal pain without fever. Emergency laparotomy revealed that most parts of the remnant stomach were necrosed. Total gastrectomy with Roux-en-Y reconstruction and abscess drainage were performed. After surgery, anastomotic leakage occurred and was treated conservatively. However, the superior pancreaticoduodenal artery aneurysm suddenly ruptured and he expired. Conclusions Gastric remnant necrosis after distal gastrectomy can be a gastrointestinal presentation of cholesterol crystal embolization. Perioperative/intraoperative risk assessments such as preventive total gastrectomy or intraoperative assessment with indocyanine green fluorescence angiography may be desirable to avoid this complication.

Background Total gastrectomy (TG) is a widely accepted procedure for treating gastric stump cancer (GSC). However, subtotal gastrectomy (SG) would benefit elective patients with GSC. The aim of this study was to clarify the safety and long-term prognosis of SG in treating GSC after distal gastrectomy for benign lesions. Methods A total of 53 patients with GSC located at the anastomotic site or gastric body between May 1999 and December 2018 at our hospital were included. In total, 21 patients underwent SG, and the remaining 24 patients underwent TG. Clinicopathological data, operative data, and overall survival (OS) were compared. Results The operative duration, estimated blood loss volume, and length of hospital stay were similar between the SG and TG groups. The postoperative complications were similar between the two groups, but no cases of anastomotic leakage were noted in the SG group. TG was associated with significantly more retrieved lymph nodes than SG (18.5 ± 11.5 vs. 10.7 ± 9.2; p = 0.017), while the number of metastatic lymph nodes did not differ between the groups (2.9 ± 3.5 vs. 1.9 ± 3.6; p = 0.329). The median survival time in the SG group was 81.0 months (95% confidence interval (CI), 68.906 to 93.094 months), which was similar to the 45.0 months (95% CI, 15.920 to 74.080 months) observed in the TG group (p = 0.236). Both univariate and multivariate analyses showed that tumor location and histological type were prognostic factors, while surgery type was not a prognostic factor. Further stratified analyses according to tumor location revealed that OS was not significantly different between the two groups among patients with tumors located at the anastomotic site, while OS in the TG group was significantly better than that in the SG group among patients with tumors located in the gastric body (p = 0.046). Conclusions The results of the current study indicate that SG is a suitable alternative surgical procedure for GSC located at the anastomotic site after distal gastrectomy for benign lesions. The short-term outcomes and long-term prognoses of SG are comparable with those of TG.

The application of laparoscopic subtotal gastrectomy (LsTG) in the management of early gastric cancer located in the upper third of the stomach creates an extremely small remnant stomach (SRS). However, it is unclear whether retaining such an SRS improves patients’ postoperative outcomes in a similar manner to a conventional remnant stomach (CRS). Four hundred and nine of 878 patients undergoing laparoscopic distal gastrectomy (LDG) between 2006 and 2012 underwent Roux-en-Y reconstruction. Among them, we selected 73 patients who underwent LsTG with an SRS (SRS group), and 83 patients with the tumor in the lower third of the stomach who underwent LDG with a CRS (CRS group). The surgical outcomes at 1 and 6 months, 1, 2, and 3 years after gastrectomy were retrospectively analyzed and compared between the two groups. One year after gastrectomy, the postoperative:preoperative bodyweight ratio of the SRS group was 2% lower than that of the CRS group. Both groups had comparable total protein and albumin levels, and incidence of reflux esophagitis; however, hemoglobin was lower in the SRS group. This difference in hemoglobin level between the SRS and CRS groups became larger over time, although the total protein and albumin levels of the two groups remained similar. An SRS slightly decreases bodyweight and hemoglobin level compared with a CRS. Several objective outcomes of the SRS group are almost equal to those of the CRS group, which suggests LsTG is worth performing even though its remnant stomach is very small.