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894 results on '"Gaskell, D"'

1. High precision measurements of the proton elastic electromagnetic form factors and their ratio at $Q^2$ = 0.50, 2.64, 3.20, and 4.10 GeV$^2$

Author

Qattan, I. A., Arrington, J., Aniol, K., Baker, O. K., Beams, R., Brash, E. J., Camsonne, A., Chen, J. -P., Christy, M. E., Dutta, D., Ent, R., Gaskell, D., Gayou, O., Gilman, R., Hansen, J. -O., Higinbotham, D. W., Holt, R. J., Huber, G. M., Ibrahim, H., Jisonna, L., Jones, M. K., Keppel, C. E., Kinney, E., Kumbartzki, G. J., Lung, A., McCormick, K., Meekins, D., Michaels, R., Monaghan, P., Pentchev, L., Ransome, R., Reinhold, J., Reitz, B., Sarty, A., Schulte, E. C., Slifer, K., Segel, R. E., Sulkosky, V., Yurov, M., and Zheng, X.

Subjects
Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

The advent of high-intensity, high-polarization electron beams led to significantly improved measurements of the ratio of the proton's charge to electric form factors, GEp/GMp. However, high-$Q^2$ measurements yielded significant disagreement with extractions based on unpolarized scattering, raising questions about the reliability of the measurements and consistency of the techniques. Jefferson Lab experiment E01-001 was designed to provide a high-precision extraction of GEp/GMp from unpolarized cross section measurements using a modified version of the Rosenbluth technique to allow for a more precise comparison with polarization data. Conventional Rosenbluth separations detect the scattered electron which requires comparisons of measurements with very different detected electron energy and rate for electrons at different angles. Our Super-Rosenbluth measurement detected the struck proton, rather than the scattered electron, to extract the cross section. This yielded a fixed momentum for the detected particle and dramatically reduced cross section variation, reducing rate- and momentum-dependent corrections and uncertainties. We measure the cross section vs angle with high relative precision, allowing for extremely precise extractions of GEp/GMp at $Q^2$ = 2.64, 3.20, and 4.10 GeV$^2$. Our results are consistent with traditional extractions but with much smaller corrections and systematic uncertainties, comparable to the uncertainties from polarization measurements. Our data confirm the discrepancy between Rosenbluth and polarization extractions of the proton form factor ratio using an improved Rosenbluth extraction that yields smaller and less-correlated uncertainties than typical of previous Rosenbluth extractions. We compare our results to calculations of two-photon exchange effects and find that the observed discrepancy can be relatively well explained by such effects., Comment: 32 pages, 21 figures. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:nucl-ex/0610006

Published
2024

2. Quasielastic $\overrightarrow{^{3}\mathrm{He}}(\overrightarrow{e},{e'})$ Asymmetry in the Threshold Region

Author

Nycz, M., Armstrong, W., Averett, T., Gayoso, C. Ayerbe, Bai, X., Bane, J., Barcus, S., Benesch, J., Bhatt, H., Bhetuwal, D., Biswas, D., Camsonne, A., Cates, G., Chen, J-P., Chen, J., Chen, M., Cotton, C., Dalton, M-M., Deltuva, A., Deur, A., Dhital, B., Duran, B., Dusa, S. C., Fernando, I., Fuchey, E., Gamage, B., Gao, H., Gaskell, D., Gautam, T., Gauthier, N., Golak, J., Hansen, J. -O., Hauenstein, F., Henry, W., Higinbotham, D. W., Huber, G., Jantzi, C., Jia, S., Jin, K., Jones, M., Joosten, S., Karki, A., Karki, B., Katugampola, S., Kay, S., Keppel, C., King, E., King, P., Korsch, W., Kumar, V., Li, R., Li, S., Li, W., Mack, D., Malace, S., Markowitz, P., Matter, J., McCaughan, M., Meziani, Z-E., Michaels, R., Mkrtchyan, A., Mkrtchyan, H., Morean, C., Nelyubin, V., Niculescu, G., Niculescu, M., Peng, C., Premathilake, S., Puckett, A., Rathnayake, A., Rehfuss, M., Reimer, P., Riley, G., Roblin, Y., Roche, J., Roy, M., Sauer, P. U., Scopeta, S., Satnik, M., Sawatzky, B., Seeds, S., Širca, S. S., Skibiński, R., Smith, G., Sparveris, N., Szumila-Vance, H., Tadepalli, A., Tadevosyan, V., Tian, Y., Usman, A., Voskanyan, H., Witala, H., Wood, S., Yale, B., Yero, C., Yoon, A., Zhang, J., Zhao, Z., Zheng, X., and Zhou, J.

Subjects
Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

A measurement of the double-spin asymmetry from electron-$^{3}$He scattering in the threshold region of two- and three-body breakup of $^{3}$He was performed at Jefferson Lab, for Q$^{2}$ values of 0.1 and 0.2 (GeV/$c$)$^{2}$. The results of this measurement serve as a stringent test of our understanding of few-body systems. When compared with calculations from plane wave impulse approximation and Faddeev theory, we found that the Faddeev calculations, which use modern nuclear potentials and prescriptions for meson-exchange currents, demonstrate an overall good agreement with data.

Published
2024

3. Pion electroproduction measurements in the nucleon resonance region

Author

Li, R., Sparveris, N., Atac, H., Jones, M. K., Paolone, M., Akbar, Z., Ali, M., Gayoso, C. Ayerbe, Berdnikov, V., Biswas, D., Boer, M., Camsonne, A., Chen, J. -P., Diefenthaler, M., Duran, B., Dutta, D., Gaskell, D., Hansen, O., Hauenstein, F., Heinrich, N., Henry, W., Horn, T., Huber, G. M., Jia, S., Joosten, S., Karki, A., Kay, S. J. D., Kumar, V., Li, X., Li, W. B., Liyanage, A. H., Mack, D., Malace, S., Markowitz, P., McCaughan, M., Meziani, Z. -E., Mkrtchyan, H., Morean, C., Muhoza, M., Narayan, A., Pasquini, B., Rehfuss, M., Sawatzky, B., Smith, G. R., Smith, A., Trotta, R., Yero, C., Zheng, X., and Zhou, J.

Subjects
Nuclear Experiment, Nuclear Theory
Abstract

We report new pion electroproduction measurements in the $\Delta(1232)$ resonance, utilizing the SHMS - HMS magnetic spectrometers of Hall C at Jefferson Lab. The data focus on a region that exhibits a strong and rapidly changing interplay of the mesonic cloud and quark-gluon dynamics in the nucleon. The results are in reasonable agreement with models that employ pion cloud effects and chiral effective field theory calculations, but at the same time they suggest that an improvement is required to the theoretical calculations and provide valuable input that will allow their refinements. The data illustrate the potential of the magnetic spectrometers setup in Hall C towards the study the $\Delta(1232)$ resonance. These first reported results will be followed by a series of measurements in Hall C, that will expand the studies of the $\Delta(1232)$ resonance offering a high precision insight within a wide kinematic range from low to high momentum transfers.

Published
2024
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4. Flavor Dependence of Charged Pion Fragmentation Functions

Author

Bhatt, H., Bosted, P., Jia, S., Armstrong, W., Dutta, D., Ent, R., Gaskell, D., Kinney, E., Mkrtchyan, H., Ali, S., Ambrose, R., Androic, D., Gayoso, C. Ayerbe, Bandari, A., Berdnikov, V., Bhetuwal, D., Biswas, D., Boer, M., Brash, E., Camsonne, A., Chen, J. P., Chen, J., Chen, M., Christy, E. M., Covrig, S., Danagoulian, S., Diefenthaler, M., Duran, B., Elaasar, M., Elliot, C., Fenker, H., Fuchey, E., Hansen, J. O., Hauenstein, F., Horn, T., Huber, G. M., Jones, M. K., Kabir, M. L., Karki, A., Karki, B., Kay, S. J. D., Keppel, C., Kumar, V., Lashley-Colthirst, N., Li, W. B., Mack, D., Malace, S., Markowitz, P., McCaughan, M., McClellan, E., Meekins, D., Michaels, R., Mkrtchyan, A., Niculescu, G., Niculescu, I., Pandey, B., Park, S., Pooser, E., Rehfuss, M., Sawatzky, B., Smith, G. R., Szumila-Vance, H., Tadepalli, A. S., Tadevosyan, V., Trotta, R., Voskanyan, H., Wood, S. A., Ye, Z., Yero, C., and Zheng, X.

Subjects
Nuclear Experiment, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, Nuclear Theory
Abstract

We have measured the flavor dependence of multiplicities for pi^+ and pi^- production in semi-inclusive deep-inelastic scattering (SIDIS) on proton and deuteron targets to explore a possible charge symmetry violation in fragmentation functions. The experiment used an electron beam with energies of 10.2 and 10.6 GeV at Jefferson Lab and the Hall-C spectrometers. The electron kinematics spanned the range 0.3

Published
2024

5. On the significance of radiative corrections on measurements of the EMC effect

Author

Moran, S., Arratia, M., Arrington, J., Gaskell, D., and Schmookler, B.

Subjects
Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

Analyzing global data on the EMC effect, which denotes differences in parton distribution functions in nuclei compared to unbound nucleons, reveals tensions. Precise measurements at Jefferson Lab, studying both x and A dependence, show systematic discrepancies among experiments, making the extraction of the A dependence of the EMC effect sensitive to the selection of datasets. By comparing various methods and assumptions used to calculate radiative corrections, we have identified differences that, while not large, significantly impact the EMC ratios and show that using a consistent radiative correction procedure resolves this discrepancy, leading to a more coherent global picture, and allowing for a more robust extraction of the EMC effect for infinite nuclear matter., Comment: 9 pages, 12 figures

Published
2024

6. Ultra-High precision Compton polarimetry at 2 GeV

Author

Zec, A., Premathilake, S., Cornejo, J. C., Dalton, M. M., Gal, C., Gaskell, D., Gericke, M., Halilovic, I., Liu, H., Mammei, J., Michaels, R., Palatchi, C., Pan, J., Paschke, K. D., Quinn, B., and Zhang, J.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

We report a high precision measurement of electron beam polarization using Compton polarimetry. The measurement was made in experimental Hall A at Jefferson Lab during the CREX experiment in 2020. A total uncertainty of dP/P=0.36% was achieved detecting the back-scattered photons from the Compton scattering process. This is the highest accuracy in a measurement of electron beam polarization using Compton scattering ever reported, surpassing the ground-breaking measurement from the SLAC Large Detector (SLD) Compton polarimeter. Such uncertainty reaches the level required for the future flagship measurements to be made by the MOLLER and SoLID experiments.

Published
2024
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7. Strong interaction physics at the luminosity frontier with 22 GeV electrons at Jefferson Lab

Author

Accardi, A., Achenbach, P., Adhikari, D., Afanasev, A., Akondi, C. S., Akopov, N., Albaladejo, M., Albataineh, H., Albrecht, M., Almeida-Zamora, B., Amaryan, M., Androić, D., Armstrong, W., Armstrong, D. S., Arratia, M., Arrington, J., Asaturyan, A., Austregesilo, A., Avakian, H., Averett, T., Gayoso, C. Ayerbe, Bacchetta, A., Balantekin, A. B., Baltzell, N., Barion, L., Barry, P. C., Bashir, A., Battaglieri, M., Bellini, V., Belov, I., Benhar, O., Benkel, B., Benmokhtar, F., Bentz, W., Bertone, V., Bhatt, H., Bianconi, A., Bibrzycki, L., Bijker, R., Binosi, D., Biswas, D., Boër, M., Boeglin, W., Bogacz, S. A., Boglione, M., Bondí, M., Boos, E. E., Bosted, P., Bozzi, G., Brash, E. J., Briceño, R. A., Brindza, P. D., Briscoe, W. J., Brodsky, S. J., Brooks, W. K., Burkert, V. D., Camsonne, A., Cao, T., Cardman, L. S., Carman, D. S., Carpinelli, M., Cates, G. D., Caylor, J., Celentano, A., Celiberto, F. G., Cerutti, M., Chang, L., Chatagnon, P., Chen, C., Chen, J.-P., Chetry, T., Christopher, A., Christy, E., Chudakov, E., Cisbani, E., Cloët, I. C., Cobos-Martinez, J. J., Cohen, E. O., Colangelo, P., Cole, P. L., Constantinou, M., Contalbrigo, M., Costantini, G., Cosyn, W., Cotton, C., Courtoy, A., Dusa, S. Covrig, Crede, V., Cui, Z.-F., D’Angelo, A., Döring, M., Dalton, M. M., Danilkin, I., Davydov, M., Day, D., De Fazio, F., De Napoli, M., De Vita, R., Dean, D. J., Defurne, M., de Paula, W., de Téramond, G. F., Deur, A., Devkota, B., Dhital, S., Di Nezza, P., Diefenthaler, M., Diehl, S., Dilks, C., Ding, M., Djalali, C., Dobbs, S., Dupré, R., Dutta, D., Edwards, R. G., Egiyan, H., Ehinger, L., Eichmann, G., Elaasar, M., Elouadrhiri, L., Alaoui, A. El, Fassi, L. El, Emmert, A., Engelhardt, M., Ent, R., Ernst, D. J., Eugenio, P., Evans, G., Fanelli, C., Fegan, S., Fernández-Ramírez, C., Fernandez, L. A., Fernando, I. P., Filippi, A., Fischer, C. S., Fogler, C., Fomin, N., Frankfurt, L., Frederico, T., Freese, A., Fu, Y., Gamberg, L., Gan, L., Gao, F., Garcia-Tecocoatzi, H., Gaskell, D., Gasparian, A., Gates, K., Gavalian, G., Ghoshal, P. K., Giachino, A., Giacosa, F., Giannuzzi, F., Gilfoyle, G.-P., Girod, F.-X., Glazier, D. I., Gleason, C., Godfrey, S., Goity, J. L., Golubenko, A. A., Gonzàlez-Solís, S., Gothe, R. W., Gotra, Y., Griffioen, K., Grocholski, O., Grube, B., Guèye, P., Guo, F.-K., Guo, Y., Guo, L., Hague, T. J., Hammoud, N., Hansen, J.-O., Hattawy, M., Hauenstein, F., Hayward, T., Heddle, D., Heinrich, N., Hen, O., Higinbotham, D. W., Higuera-Angulo, I. M., Hiller Blin, A. N., Hobart, A., Hobbs, T., Holmberg, D. E., Horn, T., Hoyer, P., Huber, G. M., Hurck, P., Hutauruk, P. T. P., Ilieva, Y., Illari, I., Ireland, D. G., Isupov, E. L., Italiano, A., Jaegle, I., Jarvis, N. S., Jenkins, D. J., Jeschonnek, S., Ji, C.-R., Jo, H. S., Jones, M., Jones, R. T., Jones, D. C., Joo, K., Junaid, M., Kageya, T., Kalantarians, N., Karki, A., Karyan, G., Katramatou, A. T., Kay, S. J. D., Kazimi, R., Keith, C. D., Keppel, C., Kerbizi, A., Khachatryan, V., Khanal, A., Khandaker, M., Kim, A., Kinney, E. R., Kohl, M., Kotzinian, A., Kriesten, B. T., Kubarovsky, V., Kubis, B., Kuhn, S. E., Kumar, V., Kutz, T., Leali, M., Lebed, R. F., Lenisa, P., Leskovec, L., Li, S., Li, X., Liao, J., Lin, H.-W., Liu, L., Liuti, S., Liyanage, N., Lu, Y., MacGregor, I. J. D., Mack, D. J., Maiani, L., Mamo, K. A., Mandaglio, G., Mariani, C., Markowitz, P., Marukyan, H., Mascagna, V., Mathieu, V., Maxwell, J., Mazouz, M., McCaughan, M., McKeown, R. D., McKinnon, B., Meekins, D., Melnitchouk, W., Metz, A., Meyer, C. A., Meziani, Z.-E., Mezrag, C., Michaels, R., Miller, G. A., Mineeva, T., Miramontes, A. S., Mirazita, M., Mizutani, K., Mkrtchyan, A., Mkrtchyan, H., Moffit, B., Mohanmurthy, P., Mokeev, V. I., Monaghan, P., Montaña, G., Montgomery, R., Moretti, A., Chàvez, J. M. Morgado, Mosel, U., Movsisyan, A., Musico, P., Nadeeshani, S. A., Nadolsky, P. M., Nakamura, S. X., Nazeer, J., Nefediev, A. V., Neupane, K., Nguyen, D., Niccolai, S., Niculescu, I., Niculescu, G., Nocera, E. R., Nycz, M., Olness, F. I., Ortega, P. G., Osipenko, M., Pace, E., Pandey, B., Pandey, P., Papandreou, Z., Papavassiliou, J., Pappalardo, L. L., Paredes-Torres, G., Paremuzyan, R., Park, S., Parsamyan, B., Paschke, K. D., Pasquini, B., Passemar, E., Pasyuk, E., Patel, T., Paudel, C., Paul, S. J., Peng, J.-C., Pentchev, L., Perrino, R., Perry, R. J., Peters, K., Petratos, G. G., Phelps, W., Piasetzky, E., Pilloni, A., Pire, B., Pitonyak, D., Pitt, M. L., Polosa, A. D., Pospelov, M., Postuma, A. C., Poudel, J., Preet, L., Prelovsek, S., Price, J. W., Prokudin, A., Puckett, A. J. R., Pybus, J. R., Qin, S.-X., Qiu, J.-W., Radici, M., Rashidi, H., Rathnayake, A. D., Raue, B. A., Reed, T., Reimer, P. E., Reinhold, J., Richard, J.-M., Rinaldi, M., Ringer, F., Ripani, M., Ritman, J., West, J. Rittenhouse, Rivero-Acosta, A., Roberts, C. D., Rodas, A., Rodini, S., Rodríguez-Quintero, J., Rogers, T. C., Rojo, J., Rossi, P., Rossi, G. C., Salmè, G., Santiesteban, S. N., Santopinto, E., Sargsian, M., Sato, N., Schadmand, S., Schmidt, A., Schmidt, S. M., Schnell, G., Schumacher, R. A., Schweitzer, P., Scimemi, I., Scott, K. C., Seay, D. A., Segovia, J., Semenov-Tian-Shansky, K., Seryi, A., Sharda, A. S., Shepherd, M. R., Shirokov, E. V., Shrestha, S., Shrestha, U., Shvedunov, V. I., Signori, A., Slifer, K. J., Smith, W. A., Somov, A., Souder, P., Sparveris, N., Spizzo, F., Spreafico, M., Stepanyan, S., Stevens, J. R., Strakovsky, I. I., Strauch, S., Strikman, M., Su, S., Sumner, B. C. L., Sun, E., Suresh, M., Sutera, C., Swanson, E. S., Szczepaniak, A. P., Sznajder, P., Szumila-Vance, H., Szymanowski, L., Tadepalli, A.-S., Tadevosyan, V., Tamang, B., Tarasov, V. V., Thiel, A., Tong, X.-B., Tyson, R., Ungaro, M., Urciuoli, G. M., Usman, A., Valcarce, A., Vallarino, S., Vaquera-Araujo, C. A., Venturelli, L., Vera, F., Vladimirov, A., Vossen, A., Wagner, J., Wei, X., Weinstein, L. B., Weiss, C., Williams, R., Winney, D., Wojtsekhowski, B., Wood, M. H., Xiao, T., Xu, S.-S., Ye, Z., Yero, C., Yuan, C.-P., Yurov, M., Zachariou, N., Zhang, Z., Zhao, Y., Zhao, Z. W., Zheng, X., Zhou, X., Ziegler, V., and Zihlmann, B.

Published
2024
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8. Strong Interaction Physics at the Luminosity Frontier with 22 GeV Electrons at Jefferson Lab

Author

Accardi, A., Achenbach, P., Adhikari, D., Afanasev, A., Akondi, C. S., Akopov, N., Albaladejo, M., Albataineh, H., Albrecht, M., Almeida-Zamora, B., Amaryan, M., Androić, D., Armstrong, W., Armstrong, D. S., Arratia, M., Arrington, J., Asaturyan, A., Austregesilo, A., Avagyan, H., Averett, T., Gayoso, C. Ayerbe, Bacchetta, A., Balantekin, A. B., Baltzell, N., Barion, L., Barry, P. C., Bashir, A., Battaglieri, M., Bellini, V., Belov, I., Benhar, O., Benkel, B., Benmokhtar, F, Bentz, W., Bertone, V., Bhatt, H., Bianconi, A., Bibrzycki, L., Bijker, R., Binosi, D., Biswas, D., Boër, M., Boeglin, W., Bogacz, S. A., Boglione, M., Bondí, M., Boos, E. E., Bosted, P., Bozzi, G., Brash, E. J., Briceño, R. A., Brindza, P. D., Briscoe, W. J., Brodsky, S. J, Brooks, W. K., Burkert, V. D., Camsonne, A., Cao, T., Cardman, L. S., Carman, D. S., Carpinelli, M, Cates, G. D., Caylor, J., Celentano, A., Celiberto, F. G., Cerutti, M., Chang, Lei, Chatagnon, P., Chen, C., Chen, J-P, Chetry, T., Christopher, A., Christy, E., Chudakov, E., Cisbani, E., Cloët, I. C., Cobos-Martinez, J. J., Cohen, E. O., Colangelo, P., Cole, P. L., Constantinou, M., Contalbrigo, M., Costantini, G., Cosyn, W., Cotton, C., Courtoy, A., Dusa, S. Covrig, Crede, V., Cui, Z. -F., D'Angelo, A., Döring, M., Dalton, M. M., Danilkin, I., Davydov, M., Day, D., De Fazio, F., De Napoli, M., De Vita, R., Dean, D. J., Defurne, M., Deur, A., Devkota, B., Dhital, S., Di Nezza, P., Diefenthaler, M., Diehl, S., Dilks, C., Ding, M., Djalali, C., Dobbs, S., Dupré, R., Dutta, D., Edwards, R. G., Egiyan, H., Ehinger, L., Eichmann, G., Elaasar, M., Elouadrhiri, L., Alaoui, A. El, Fassi, L. El, Emmert, A., Engelhardt, M., Ent, R., Ernst, D. J, Eugenio, P., Evans, G., Fanelli, C., Fegan, S., Fernández-Ramírez, C., Fernandez, L. A., Fernando, I. P., Filippi, A., Fischer, C. S., Fogler, C., Fomin, N., Frankfurt, L., Frederico, T., Freese, A., Fu, Y., Gamberg, L., Gan, L., Gao, F., Garcia-Tecocoatzi, H., Gaskell, D., Gasparian, A., Gates, K, Gavalian, G., Ghoshal, P. K., Giachino, A., Giacosa, F., Giannuzzi, F., Gilfoyle, G. -P., Girod, F-X, Glazier, D. I., Gleason, C., Godfrey, S., Goity, J. L., Golubenko, A. A., Gonzàlez-Solís, S., Gothe, R. W., Gotra, Y., Griffioen, K., Grocholski, O., Grube, B., Guèye, P., Guo, F. -K., Guo, Y., Guo, L., Hague, T. J., Hammoud, N., Hansen, J. -O., Hattawy, M., Hauenstein, F., Hayward, T., Heddle, D., Heinrich, N., Hen, O., Higinbotham, D. W., Higuera-Angulo, I. M., Blin, A. N. Hiller, Hobart, A., Hobbs, T., Holmberg, D. E, Horn, T., Hoyer, P., Huber, G. M., Hurck, P., Hutauruk, P. T. P., Ilieva, Y., Illari, I., Ireland, D. G, Isupov, E. L., Italiano, A., Jaegle, I., Jarvis, N. S., Jenkins, DJ, Jeschonnek, S., Ji, C-R., Jo, H. S., Jones, M., Jones, R. T., Jones, D. C., Joo, K., Junaid, M., Kageya, T., Kalantarians, N., Karki, A., Karyan, G., Katramatou, A. T., Kay, S. J. D, Kazimi, R., Keith, C. D., Keppel, C., Kerbizi, A., Khachatryan, V., Khanal, A., Khandaker, M., Kim, A., Kinney, E. R., Kohl, M., Kotzinian, A., Kriesten, B. T., Kubarovsky, V., Kubis, B., Kuhn, S. E., Kumar, V., Kutz, T., Leali, M., Lebed, R. F., Lenisa, P., Leskovec, L., Li, S., Li, X., Liao, J., Lin, H. -W., Liu, L., Liuti, S., Liyanage, N., Lu, Y., MacGregor, I. J. D., Mack, D. J., Maiani, L, Mamo, K. A., Mandaglio, G., Mariani, C., Markowitz, P., Marukyan, H., Mascagna, V., Mathieu, V., Maxwell, J., Mazouz, M., McCaughan, M., McKeown, R. D., McKinnon, B., Meekins, D., Melnitchouk, W., Metz, A., Meyer, C. A., Meziani, Z. -E., Mezrag, C., Michaels, R., Miller, G. A., Mineeva, T., Miramontes, A. S., Mirazita, M., Mizutani, K., Mkrtchyan, H., Mkrtchyan, A., Moffit, B., Mohanmurthy, P., Mokeev, V. I., Monaghan, P., Montaña, G., Montgomery, R., Moretti, A., Chàvez, J. M. Morgado, Mosel, U., Movsisyan, A., Musico, P., Nadeeshani, S. A, Nadolsky, P. M., Nakamura, S. X., Nazeer, J., Nefediev, A. V., Neupane, K., Nguyen, D., Niccolai, S., Niculescu, I., Niculescu, G., Nocera, E. R., Nycz, M., Olness, F. I., Ortega, P. G., Osipenko, M., Pace, E., Pandey, B, Pandey, P., Papandreou, Z., Papavassiliou, J., Pappalardo, L. L., Paredes-Torres, G., Paremuzyan, R., Park, S., Parsamyan, B., Paschke, K. D., Pasquini, B., Passemar, E., Pasyuk, E., Patel, T., Paudel, C., Paul, S. J., Peng, J-C., Pentchev, L., Perrino, R., Perry, R. J., Peters, K., Petratos, G. G., Phelps, W., Piasetzky, E., Pilloni, A., Pire, B., Pitonyak, D., Pitt, M. L., Polosa, A. D., Pospelov, M., Postuma, A. C., Poudel, J., Preet, L., Prelovsek, S., Price, J. W., Prokudin, A., Puckett, A. J. R., Pybus, J. R., Qin, S. -X., Qiu, J. -W., Radici, M., Rashidi, H., Rathnayake, A. D, Raue, B. A., Reed, T., Reimer, P. E., Reinhold, J., Richard, J. -M., Rinaldi, M., Ringer, F., Ripani, M., Ritman, J., West, J. Rittenhouse, Rivero-Acosta, A., Roberts, C. D., Rodas, A., Rodini, S., Rodríguez-Quintero, J., Rogers, T. C., Rojo, J., Rossi, P., Rossi, G. C., Salmè, G., Santiesteban, S. N., Santopinto, E., Sargsian, M., Sato, N., Schadmand, S., Schmidt, A., Schmidt, S. M, Schnell, G., Schumacher, R. A., Schweitzer, P., Scimemi, I., Scott, K. C, Seay, D. A, Segovia, J., Semenov-Tian-Shansky, K., Seryi, A., Sharda, A. S, Shepherd, M. R., Shirokov, E. V., Shrestha, S., Shrestha, U., Shvedunov, V. I., Signori, A., Slifer, K. J., Smith, W. A., Somov, A., Souder, P., Sparveris, N., Spizzo, F., Spreafico, M., Stepanyan, S., Stevens, J. R., Strakovsky, I. I., Strauch, S., Strikman, M., Su, S., Sumner, B. C. L., Sun, E., Suresh, M., Sutera, C., Swanson, E. S., Szczepaniak, A. P, Sznajder, P., Szumila-Vance, H., Szymanowski, L., Tadepalli, A. -S., Tadevosyan, V., Tamang, B., Tarasov, V. V., Thiel, A., Tong, X. -B., Tyson, R., Ungaro, M., Urciuoli, G. M., Usman, A., Valcarce, A., Vallarino, S., Vaquera-Araujo, C. A., Venturelli, L., Vera, F., Vladimirov, A., Vossen, A., Wagner, J., Wei, X., Weinstein, L. B., Weiss, C., Williams, R., Winney, D., Wojtsekhowski, B., Wood, M. H., Xiao, T., Xu, S. -S., Ye, Z., Yero, C., Yuan, C. -P., Yurov, M., Zachariou, N., Zhang, Z., Zhao, Z. W., Zhao, Y., Zheng, X., Zhou, X., Ziegler, V., Zihlmann, B., de Paula, W, and de Téramond, G. F.

Subjects
Nuclear Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, Nuclear Theory
Abstract

This document presents the initial scientific case for upgrading the Continuous Electron Beam Accelerator Facility (CEBAF) at Jefferson Lab (JLab) to 22 GeV. It is the result of a community effort, incorporating insights from a series of workshops conducted between March 2022 and April 2023. With a track record of over 25 years in delivering the world's most intense and precise multi-GeV electron beams, CEBAF's potential for a higher energy upgrade presents a unique opportunity for an innovative nuclear physics program, which seamlessly integrates a rich historical background with a promising future. The proposed physics program encompass a diverse range of investigations centered around the nonperturbative dynamics inherent in hadron structure and the exploration of strongly interacting systems. It builds upon the exceptional capabilities of CEBAF in high-luminosity operations, the availability of existing or planned Hall equipment, and recent advancements in accelerator technology. The proposed program cover various scientific topics, including Hadron Spectroscopy, Partonic Structure and Spin, Hadronization and Transverse Momentum, Spatial Structure, Mechanical Properties, Form Factors and Emergent Hadron Mass, Hadron-Quark Transition, and Nuclear Dynamics at Extreme Conditions, as well as QCD Confinement and Fundamental Symmetries. Each topic highlights the key measurements achievable at a 22 GeV CEBAF accelerator. Furthermore, this document outlines the significant physics outcomes and unique aspects of these programs that distinguish them from other existing or planned facilities. In summary, this document provides an exciting rationale for the energy upgrade of CEBAF to 22 GeV, outlining the transformative scientific potential that lies within reach, and the remarkable opportunities it offers for advancing our understanding of hadron physics and related fundamental phenomena., Comment: Updates to the list of authors; Preprint number changed from theory to experiment; Updates to sections 4 and 6, including additional figures

Published
2023

9. First Measurement of the EMC effect in B10 and B11

Author

Karki, A, Biswas, D, Gonzalez, FA, Henry, W, Morean, C, Nadeeshani, A, Sun, A, Abrams, D, Ahmed, Z, Aljawrneh, B, Alsalmi, S, Ambrose, R, Androic, D, Armstrong, W, Arrington, J, Asaturyan, A, Assumin-Gyimah, K, Gayoso, C Ayerbe, Bandari, A, Bane, J, Barrow, J, Basnet, S, Berdnikov, V, Bhatt, H, Bhetuwal, D, Boeglin, WU, Bosted, P, Brash, E, Bukhari, MHS, Chen, H, Chen, JP, Chen, M, Christy, ME, Covrig, S, Craycraft, K, Danagoulian, S, Day, D, Diefenthaler, M, Dlamini, M, Dunne, J, Duran, B, Dutta, D, Elliott, C, Ent, R, Fenker, H, Fomin, N, Fuchey, E, Gaskell, D, Gautam, TN, Hansen, JO, Hauenstein, F, Hernandez, AV, Horn, T, Huber, GM, Jones, MK, Joosten, S, Kabir, ML, Kalantarians, N, Keppel, C, Khanal, A, King, PM, Kinney, E, Ko, HS, Kohl, M, Lashley-Colthirst, N, Li, S, Li, WB, Liyanage, AH, Mack, D, Malace, S, Markowitz, P, Matter, J, Meekins, D, Michaels, R, Mkrtchyan, A, Mkrtchyan, H, Nanda, S, Nguyen, D, Niculescu, G, Niculescu, I, Nuruzzaman, Pandey, B, Park, S, Pooser, E, Puckett, AJR, Rehfuss, M, Reinhold, J, Santiesteban, N, Sawatzky, B, Smith, GR, Szumila-Vance, H, Tadepalli, AS, Tadevosyan, V, Trotta, R, Wood, SA, Yero, C, and Zhang, J

Subjects
Nuclear and Plasma Physics, Synchrotrons and Accelerators, Physical Sciences, Nuclear and plasma physics
Abstract

The nuclear dependence of the inclusive inelastic electron scattering cross section (the EMC effect) has been measured for the first time in B10 and B11. Previous measurements of the EMC effect in A≤12 nuclei showed an unexpected nuclear dependence; B10 and B11 were measured to explore the EMC effect in this region in more detail. Results are presented for Be9, B10, B11, and C12 at an incident beam energy of 10.6 GeV. The EMC effect in the boron isotopes was found to be similar to that for Be9 and C12, yielding almost no nuclear dependence in the EMC effect in the range A=4-12. This represents important new data supporting the hypothesis that the EMC effect depends primarily on the local nuclear environment due to the cluster structure of these nuclei.

Published
2023

10. The Present and Future of QCD

Author

Achenbach, P., Adhikari, D., Afanasev, A., Afzal, F., Aidala, C. A., Al-bataineh, A., Almaalol, D. K., Amaryan, M., Androić, D., Armstrong, W. R., Arratia, M., Arrington, J., Asaturyan, A., Aschenauer, E. C., Atac, H., Avakian, H., Averett, T., Gayoso, C. Ayerbe, Bai, X., Barish, K. N., Barnea, N., Basar, G., Battaglieri, M., Baty, A. A., Bautista, I., Bazilevsky, A., Beattie, C., Behera, S. C., Bellini, V., Bellwied, R., Benesch, J. F., Benmokhtar, F., Bernardes, C. A., Bernauer, J. C., Bhatt, H., Bhatta, S., Boer, M., Boettcher, T. J., Bogacz, S. A., Bossi, H. J., Brandenburg, J. D., Brash, E. J., Briceño, R. A., Briscoe, W. J., Brodsky, S. J., Brown, D. A., Burkert, V. D., Caines, H., Cali, I. A., Camsonne, A., Carman, D. S., Caylor, J., Cerci, S., Llatas, M. Chamizo, Chatterjee, S., Chen, J. P., Chen, Y., Chen, Y. -C., Chien, Y. -T., Chou, P. -C., Chu, X., Chudakov, E., Cline, E., Cloët, I. C., Cole, P. L., Connors, M. E., Constantinou, M., Cosyn, W., Dusa, S. Covrig, Cruz-Torres, R., D'Alesio, U., da Silva, C., Davoudi, Z., Dean, C. T., Dean, D. J., Demarteau, M., Deshpande, A., Detmold, W., Deur, A., Devkota, B. R., Dhital, S., Diefenthaler, M., Dobbs, S., Döring, M., Dong, X., Dotel, R., Dow, K. A., Downie, E. J., Drachenberg, J. L., Dumitru, A., Dunlop, J. C., Dupre, R., Durham, J. M., Dutta, D., Edwards, R. G., Ehlers, R. J., Fassi, L. El, Elaasar, M., Elouadrhiri, L., Engelhardt, M., Ent, R., Esumi, S., Evdokimov, O., Eyser, O., Fanelli, C., Fatemi, R., Fernando, I. P., Flor, F. A., Fomin, N., Frawley, A. D., Frederico, T., Fries, R. J., Gal, C., Gamage, B. R., Gamberg, L., Gao, H., Gaskell, D., Geurts, F., Ghandilyan, Y., Ghimire, N., Gilman, R., Gleason, C., Gnanvo, K., Gothe, R. W., Greene, S. V., Grießhammer, H. W., Grossberndt, S. K., Grube, B., Hackett, D. C., Hague, T. J., Hakobyan, H., Hansen, J. -O., Hatta, Y., Hattawy, M., Havener, L. B., Hen, O., Henry, W., Higinbotham, D. W., Hobbs, T. J., Hodges, A. M., Holmstrom, T., Hong, B., Horn, T., Howell, C. R., Huang, H. Z., Huang, M., Huang, S., Huber, G. M., Hyde, C. E., Isupov, E. L., Jacobs, P. M., Jalilian-Marian, J., Jentsch, A., Jheng, H., Ji, C. -R., Ji, X., Jia, J., Jones, D. C., Jones, M. K., Kalantarians, N., Kalicy, G., Kang, Z. B., Karthein, J. M., Keller, D., Keppel, C., Khachatryan, V., Kharzeev, D. E., Kim, H., Kim, M., Kim, Y., King, P. M., Kinney, E., Klein, S. R., Ko, H. S., Koch, V., Kohl, M., Kovchegov, Y. V., Krintiras, G. K., Kubarovsky, V., Kuhn, S. E., Kumar, K. S., Kutz, T., Lajoie, J. G., Lauret, J., Lavrukhin, I., Lawrence, D., Lee, J. H., Lee, K., Lee, S., Lee, Y. -J., Li, S., Li, W., Li, Xiaqing, Li, Xuan, Liao, J., Lin, H. -W., Lisa, M. A., Liu, K. -F., Liu, M. X., Liu, T., Liuti, S., Liyanage, N., Llope, W. J., Loizides, C., Longo, R., Lorenzon, W., Lunkenheimer, S., Luo, X., Ma, R., McKinnon, B., Meekins, D. G., Mehtar-Tani, Y., Melnitchouk, W., Metz, A., Meyer, C. A., Meziani, Z. -E., Michaels, R., Michel, J. K. L., Milner, R. G., Mkrtchyan, H., Mohanmurthy, P., Mohanty, B., Mokeev, V. I., Moon, D. H., Mooney, I. A., Morningstar, C., Morrison, D. P., Müller, B., Mukherjee, S., Mulligan, J., Camacho, C. Munoz, Quijada, J. A. Murillo, Murray, M. J., Nadeeshani, S. A., Nadel-Turonski, P., Nam, J. D., Nattrass, C. E., Nijs, G., Noronha, J., Noronha-Hostler, J., Novitzky, N., Nycz, M., Olness, F. I., Osborn, J. D., Pak, R., Pandey, B., Paolone, M., Papandreou, Z., Paquet, J. -F., Park, S., Paschke, K. D., Pasquini, B., Pasyuk, E., Patel, T., Patton, A., Paudel, C., Peng, C., Peng, J. C., Da Costa, H. Pereira, Perepelitsa, D. V., Peters, M. J., Petreczky, P., Pisarski, R. D., Pitonyak, D., Ploskon, M. A., Posik, M., Poudel, J., Pradhan, R., Prokudin, A., Pruneau, C. A., Puckett, A. J. R., Pujahari, P., Putschke, J., Pybus, J. R., Qiu, J. -W., Rajagopal, K., Ratti, C., Read, K. F., Reed, R., Richards, D. G., Riedl, C., Ringer, F., Rinn, T., West, J. Rittenhouse, Roche, J., Rodas, A., Roland, G., Romero-López, F., Rossi, P., Rostomyan, T., Ruan, L., Ruimi, O. M., Saha, N. R., Sahoo, N. R., Sakaguchi, T., Salazar, F., Salgado, C. W., Salmè, G., Salur, S., Santiesteban, S. N., Sargsian, M. M., Sarsour, M., Sato, N., Satogata, T., Sawada, S., Schäfer, T., Scheihing-Hitschfeld, B., Schenke, B., Schindler, S. T., Schmidt, A., Seidl, R., Shabestari, M. H., Shanahan, P. E., Shen, C., Sheng, T. -A., Shepherd, M. R., Sickles, A. M., Sievert, M. D., Smith, K. L., Song, Y., Sorensen, A., Souder, P. A., Sparveris, N., Srednyak, S., Leiton, A. G. Stahl, Stasto, A. M., Steinberg, P., Stepanyan, S., Stephanov, M., Stevens, J. R., Stewart, D. J., Stewart, I. W., Stojanovic, M., Strakovsky, I., Strauch, S., Strickland, M., Cerci, D. Sunar, Suresh, M., Surrow, B., Syritsyn, S., Szczepaniak, A. P., Tadepalli, A. S., Tang, A. H., Takaki, J. D. Tapia, Tarnowsky, T. J., Tawfik, A. N., Taylor, M. I., Tennant, C., Thiel, A., Thomas, D., Tian, Y., Timmins, A. R., Tribedy, P., Tu, Z., Tuo, S., Ullrich, T., Umaka, E., Upton, D. W., Vary, J. P., Velkovska, J., Venugopalan, R., Vijayakumar, A., Vitev, I., Vogelsang, W., Vogt, R., Vossen, A., Voutier, E., Vovchenko, V., Walker-Loud, A., Wang, F., Wang, J., Wang, X., Wang, X. -N., Weinstein, L. B., Wenaus, T. J., Weyhmiller, S., Wissink, S. W., Wojtsekhowski, B., Wong, C. P., Wood, M. H., Wunderlich, Y., Wyslouch, B., Xiao, B. W., Xie, W., Xiong, W., Xu, N., Xu, Q. H., Xu, Z., Yaari, D., Yao, X., Ye, Z., Ye, Z. H., Yero, C., Yuan, F., Zajc, W. A., Zhang, C., Zhang, J., Zhao, F., Zhao, Y., Zhao, Z. W., Zheng, X., Zhou, J., and Zurek, M.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear Experiment, Nuclear Theory
Abstract

This White Paper presents the community inputs and scientific conclusions from the Hot and Cold QCD Town Meeting that took place September 23-25, 2022 at MIT, as part of the Nuclear Science Advisory Committee (NSAC) 2023 Long Range Planning process. A total of 424 physicists registered for the meeting. The meeting highlighted progress in Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) nuclear physics since the 2015 LRP (LRP15) and identified key questions and plausible paths to obtaining answers to those questions, defining priorities for our research over the coming decade. In defining the priority of outstanding physics opportunities for the future, both prospects for the short (~ 5 years) and longer term (5-10 years and beyond) are identified together with the facilities, personnel and other resources needed to maximize the discovery potential and maintain United States leadership in QCD physics worldwide. This White Paper is organized as follows: In the Executive Summary, we detail the Recommendations and Initiatives that were presented and discussed at the Town Meeting, and their supporting rationales. Section 2 highlights major progress and accomplishments of the past seven years. It is followed, in Section 3, by an overview of the physics opportunities for the immediate future, and in relation with the next QCD frontier: the EIC. Section 4 provides an overview of the physics motivations and goals associated with the EIC. Section 5 is devoted to the workforce development and support of diversity, equity and inclusion. This is followed by a dedicated section on computing in Section 6. Section 7 describes the national need for nuclear data science and the relevance to QCD research., Comment: QCD Town Meeting White Paper, as submitted to 2023 NSAC LRP committee on Feb. 28, 2023

Published
2023
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11. Measured proton electromagnetic structure deviates from theoretical predictions

Author

Li, R., Sparveris, N., Atac, H., Jones, M. K., Paolone, M., Akbar, Z., Gayoso, C. Ayerbe, Berdnikov, V., Biswas, D., Boer, M., Camsonne, A., Chen, J. -P., Diefenthaler, M., Duran, B., Dutta, D., Gaskell, D., Hansen, O., Hauenstein, F., Heinrich, N., Henry, W., Horn, T., Huber, G. M., Jia, S., Joosten, S., Karki, A., Kay, S. J. D., Kumar, V., Li, X., Li, W. B., Liyanage, A. H., Malace, S., Markowitz, P., McCaughan, M., Meziani, Z. -E., Mkrtchyan, H., Morean, C., Muhoza, M., Narayan, A., Pasquini, B., Rehfuss, M., Sawatzky, B., Smith, G. R., Smith, A., Trotta, R., Yero, C., Zheng, X., and Zhou, J.

Subjects
Nuclear Experiment, Nuclear Theory
Abstract

The visible world is founded on the proton, the only composite building block of matter that is stable in nature. Consequently, understanding the formation of matter relies on explaining the dynamics and the properties of the proton's bound state.A fundamental property of the proton involves the response of the system to an external electromagnetic field. It is characterized by the electromagnetic polarizabilities that describe how easily the charge and magnetization distributions inside the system are distorted by the electromagnetic field. Moreover, the generalized polarizabilities map out the resulting deformation of the densities in a proton subject to an electromagnetic field. They disclose essential information about the underlying system dynamics and provide a key for decoding the proton structure in terms of the theory of the strong interaction that binds its elementary quark and gluon constituents. Of particular interest is a puzzle in the electric generalized polarizability of the proton that remains unresolved for two decades. Here we report measurements of the proton's electromagnetic generalized polarizabilities at low four-momentum transfer squared. We show evidence of an anomaly to the behaviour of the proton's electric generalized polarizability that contradicts the predictions of nuclear theory and derive its signature in the spatial distribution of the induced polarization in the proton. The reported measurements suggest the presence of a new, not-yet-understood dynamical mechanism in the proton and present notable challenges to the nuclear theory.

Published
2022
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12. ATHENA Detector Proposal -- A Totally Hermetic Electron Nucleus Apparatus proposed for IP6 at the Electron-Ion Collider

Author

ATHENA Collaboration, Adam, J., Adamczyk, L., Agrawal, N., Aidala, C., Akers, W., Alekseev, M., Allen, M. M., Ameli, F., Angerami, A., Antonioli, P., Apadula, N. J., Aprahamian, A., Armstrong, W., Arratia, M., Arrington, J. R., Asaturyan, A., Aschenauer, E. C., Augsten, K., Aune, S., Bailey, K., Baldanza, C., Bansal, M., Barbosa, F., Barion, L., Barish, K., Battaglieri, M., Bazilevsky, A., Behera, N. K., Berdnikov, V., Bernauer, J., Berriaud, C., Bhasin, A., Bhattacharya, D. S., Bielcik, J., Bielcikova, J., Bissolotti, C., Boeglin, W., Bondì, M., Borri, M., Bossu, F., Bouyjou, F., Brandenburg, J. D., Bressan, A., Brooks, M., Bueltmann, S. L., Byer, D., Caines, H., Sanchez, M. Calderon de la Barca, Calvelli, V., Camsonne, A., Cappelli, L., Capua, M., Castro, M., Cavazza, D., Cebra, D., Celentano, A., Chakaberia, I., Chan, B., Chang, W., Chartier, M., Chatterjee, C., Chen, D., Chen, J., Chen, K., Chen, Z., Chetri, H., Chiarusi, T., Chiosso, M., Chu, X., Chwastowski, J. J., Cicala, G., Cisbani, E., Cline, E., Cloet, I., Colella, D., Contalbrigo, M., Contin, G., Corliss, R., Corrales-Morales, Y., Crafts, J., Crawford, C., Cruz-Torres, R., D'Ago, D., D'Angelo, A., D'Hose, N., Dainton, J., Torre, S. Dalla, Dasgupta, S. S., Dash, S., Dashyan, N., Datta, J., Daugherity, M., De Vita, R., Deconinck, W., Defurne, M., Dehmelt, K., Del Dotto, A., Delcarro, F., Dellacasa, G., Demiroglu, Z. S., Deptuch, G. W., Desai, V., Deshpande, A., Devereaux, K., Dhillon, R., Di Salvo, R., Dilks, C., Dixit, D., Dobbs, S., Dong, X., Drachenberg, J., Drees, A., Dupre, R., Durham, M., Dzhygadlo, R., Fassi, L. El, Elia, D., Epple, E., Esha, R., Evdokimov, O., Eyser, O., Falchieri, D., Fan, W., Fantini, A., Fatemi, R., Fazio, S., Fegan, S., Filippi, A., Fox, H., Francisco, A., Freeze, A., Furletov, S., Furletova, Y., Gal, C., Gardner, S., Garg, P., Gaskell, D., Gates, K., Gericke, M. T. W., Geurts, F., Ghosh, C., Giacalone, M., Giacomini, F., Gilchrist, S., Glazier, D., Gnanvo, K., Gonella, L., Greiner, L. C., Guerrini, N., Guo, L., Gupta, A., Gupta, R., Guryn, W., He, X., Hemmick, T., Heppelmann, S., Higinbotham, D., Hoballah, M., Hoghmrtsyan, A., Hohlmann, M., Horn, T., Hornidge, D., Huang, H. Z., Hyde, C. E., Iapozzuto, P., Idzik, M., Jacak, B. V., Jadhav, M., Jain, S., Jena, C., Jentsch, A., Ji, Y., Ji, Z., Jia, J., Jones, P. G., Jones, R. W. I., Joosten, S., Joshi, S., Kabir, L., Kalicy, G., Karyan, G., Kashyap, V. K. S., Kawall, D., Ke, H., Kelsey, M., Kim, J., Kiryluk, J., Kiselev, A., Klein, S. R., Klest, H., Kochar, V., Korsch, W., Kosarzewski, L., Kotzinian, A., Krizek, F., Kumar, A., Kumar, K. S., Kumar, L., Kumar, R., Kumar, S., Kunnath, A., Kushawaha, N., Lacey, R., Lai, Y. S., Lalwani, K., Landgraf, J., Lanza, L., Lattuada, D., Lavinsky, M., Lee, J. H., Lee, S. H., Lemmon, R., Lestone, A., Lewis, N., Li, H., Li, S., Li, W., Li, X., Liang, X., Ligonzo, T., Lin, T., Liu, J., Liu, K., Liu, M., Livingston, K., Liyanage, N., Ljubicic, T., Long, O., Lukow, N., Ma, Y., Mammei, J., Mammoliti, F., Mamo, K., Mandjavidze, I., Maple, S., Marchand, D., Margotti, A., Markert, C., Markowitz, P., Marshall, T., Martin, A., Marukyan, H., Mastroserio, A., Mathew, S., Mayilyan, S., Mayri, C., McEneaney, M., Mei, Y., Meng, L., Meot, F., Metcalfe, J., Meziani, Z. -E., Mihir, P., Milton, R., Mirabella, A., Mirazita, M., Mkrtchyan, A., Mkrtchyan, H., Mohanty, B., Mondal, M., Morreale, A., Movsisyan, A., Muenstermann, D., Mukherjee, A., Camacho, C. Munoz, Murray, M. J., Mustafa, H., Myska, M., Nachman, B. P., Nagai, K., Naik, R., Naim, J. P., Nam, J., Nandi, B., Nappi, E., Nasim, Md., Neff, D., Neiret, D., Newman, P. R., Nguyen, M., Niccolai, S., Nie, M., Noferini, F., Norman, J., Noto, F., Nunes, A. S., O'Connor, T., Odyniec, G., Okorokov, V. A., Osipenko, M., Page, B., Palatchi, C., Palmer, D., Palni, P., Pandey, S., Panzieri, D., Park, S., Paschke, K., Pastore, C., Patra, R. N., Paul, A., Paul, S., Pecar, C., Peck, A., Pegg, I., Pellegrino, C., Peng, C., Pentchev, L., Perrino, R., Piotrzkowski, K., Polakovic, T., Ploskon, M., Posik, M., Prasad, S., Preghenella, R., Priens, S., Prifti, E., Przybycien, M., Pujahari, P., Quintero, A., Radici, M., Radhakrishnan, S. K., Rahman, S., Rathi, S., Raue, B., Reed, R., Reimer, P., Reinhold, J., Renner, E., Rignanese, L., Ripani, M., Rizzo, A., Romanov, D., Roy, A., Rubini, N., Ruspa, M., Ruan, L., Sabatie, F., Sadhukhan, S., Sahoo, N., Sahu, P., Samuel, D., Sarkar, A., Sarsour, M., Schmidke, W., Schmookler, B., Schwarz, C., Schwiening, J., Scott, M., Sedgwick, I., Segreti, M., Sekula, S., Seto, R., Shah, N., Shahinyan, A., Sharma, D., Sharma, N., Sichtermann, E. P., Signori, A., Singh, A., Singh, B. K., Singh, S. N., Smirnov, N., Sokhan, D., Soltz, R., Sondheim, W., Spinali, S., Stacchi, F., Staszewski, R., Stepanov, P., Strazzi, S., Stroe, I. R., Sun, X., Surrow, B., Sweger, Z., Symons, T. J., Tadevosyan, V., Tang, A., Tassi, E., Teodorescu, L., Tessarotto, F., Thomas, D., Thomas, J. H., Toll, T., Tomasek, L., Torales-Acosta, F., Tribedy, P., Triloki, Tripathi, V., Trotta, R., Trzebiński, M., Trzeciak, B. A., Tsai, O., Tu, Z., Turrisi, R., Tuve, C., Ullrich, T., Urciuoli, G. M., Valentini, A., Vallarino, S., Vandenbroucke, M., Vanek, J., Vino, G., Volpe, G., Voskanyan, H., Vossen, A., Voutier, E., Wang, G., Wang, Y., Watts, D., Wickramaarachchi, N., Wilson, F., Wong, C. -P., Wu, X., Wu, Y., Xie, J., Xu, Q. -H., Xu, Z., Xu, Z. W., Yang, C., Yang, Q., Yang, Y., Ye, Z., Yi, L., Yin, Z., Yurov, M., Zachariou, N., Zhang, J., Zhang, Y., Zhang, Z., Zhao, Y., Zhao, Y. X., Zhao, Z., Zheng, L., and Zurek, M.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

ATHENA has been designed as a general purpose detector capable of delivering the full scientific scope of the Electron-Ion Collider. Careful technology choices provide fine tracking and momentum resolution, high performance electromagnetic and hadronic calorimetry, hadron identification over a wide kinematic range, and near-complete hermeticity. This article describes the detector design and its expected performance in the most relevant physics channels. It includes an evaluation of detector technology choices, the technical challenges to realizing the detector and the R&D required to meet those challenges.

Published
2022

13. Jefferson Lab Hall C: Precision Physics at the Luminosity Frontier

Author

Benesch, J., Berdnikov, V., Brindza, P., Dusa, S. Covrig, Dutta, D., Gaskell, D., Gogami, T., Grames, J. M., Hamilton, D. J., Higinbotham, D. W., Horn, T., Huber, G. M., Jones, M. K., Keith, C., Keppel, C., Kinney, E. R., Li, W. B., Li, Shujie, Liyanage, N., Long, E., Mack, D. J., Metzger, B., Camacho, C. Muñoz, Nakamura, S. N., Sawatzky, B., Slifer, K., Szumila-Vance, H., Tadepalli, A. S., Tang, L., Wojtsekhowski, B., and Wood, S. A.

Subjects
Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

Over the last three decades, Hall C has been a key contributor to progress in the understanding of hadron structure and interactions. An outline of a potential future Hall C physics program focused on precision measurements of small cross sections is presented. A detailed overview of this unique facility, whose flexible configuration allows many opportunities for new experimental equipment that help address a wide range of questions in hadronic physics, is included as well., Comment: 67 pages, 20 figures

Published
2022

14. Determining the Proton's Gluonic Gravitational Form Factors

Author

Duran, B., Meziani, Z. -E., Joosten, S., Jones, M. K., Prasad, S., Peng, C., Armstrong, W., Atac, H., Chudakov, E., Bhatt, H., Bhetuwal, D., Boer, M., Camsonne, A., Chen, J. -P., Dalton, M. M., Deokar, N., Diefenthaler, M., Dunne, J., Fassi, L. El, Fuchey, E., Gao, H., Gaskell, D., Hansen, O., Hauenstein, F., Higinbotham, D., Jia, S., Karki, A., Keppel, C., King, P., Ko, H. S., Li, X., Li, R., Mack, D., Malace, S., McCaughan, M., McClellan, R. E., Michaels, R., Meekins, D., Paolone, M., Pentchev, L., Pooser, E., Puckett, A., Radloff, R., Rehfuss, M., Reimer, P. E., Riordan, S., Sawatzky, B., Smith, A., Sparveris, N., Szumila-Vance, H., Wood, S., Xie, J., Ye, Z., Yero, C., and Zhao, Z.

Subjects
Nuclear Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract

The proton is one of the main building blocks of all visible matter in the universe. Among its intrinsic properties are its electric charge, mass, and spin. These emerge from the complex dynamics of its fundamental constituents, quarks and gluons, described by the theory of quantum chromodynamics (QCD). Using electron scattering, its electric charge and spin, shared among the quark constituents, have been the topic of active investigation. An example is the novel precision measurement of the proton's electric charge radius. In contrast, little is known about the proton's inner mass density, dominated by the energy carried by the gluons, which are hard to access through electron scattering since gluons carry no electromagnetic charge. Here, we chose to probe this gluonic gravitational density using a small color dipole, the $J/\psi$ particle, through its threshold photoproduction. From our data, we determined, for the first time, the proton's gluonic gravitational form factors. We used a variety of models and determined, in all cases, a mass radius that is notably smaller than the electric charge radius. In some cases, the determined radius, although model dependent, is in excellent agreement with first-principle predictions from lattice QCD. This work paves the way for a deeper understanding of the salient role of gluons in providing gravitational mass to visible matter., Comment: Accepted for publication

Published
2022
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15. First Measurement of the EMC Effect in $^{10}$B and $^{11}$B

Author

Karki, A., Biswas, D., Gonzalez, F. A., Henry, W., Morean, C., Nadeeshani, A., Sun, A., Abrams, D., Ahmed, Z., Aljawrneh, B., Alsalmi, S., Ambrose, R., Androic, D., Armstrong, W., Arrington, J., Asaturyan, A., Assumin-Gyimah, K., Gayoso, C. Ayerbe, Bandari, A., Bane, J., Barrow, J., Basnet, S., Berdnikov, V., Bhatt, H., Bhetuwal, D., Boeglin, W. U., Bosted, P., Brash, E., Bukhari, M. H. S., Chen, H., Chen, J. P., Chen, M., Christy, M. E., Covrig, S., Craycraft, K., Danagoulian, S., Day, D., Diefenthaler, M., Dlamini, M., Dunne, J., Duran, B., Dutta, D., Elliott, C., Ent, R., Fenker, H., Fomin, N., Fuchey, E., Gaskell, D., Gautam, T. N., Hansen, J. O., Hauenstein, F., Hernandez, A. V., Horn, T., Huber, G. M., Jones, M. K., Joosten, S., Kabir, M. L., Kalantarians, N., Keppel, C., Khanal, A., King, P. M., Kinney, E., Ko, H. S., Kohl, M., Lashley-Colthirst, N., Li, S., Li, W. B., Liyanage, A. H., Mack, D., Malace, S., Markowitz, P., Matter, J., Meekins, D., Michaels, R., Mkrtchyan, A., Mkrtchyan, H., Nanda, S., Nguyen, D., Niculescu, G., Niculescu, I., Nuruzzaman, Pandey, B., Park, S., Pooser, E., Puckett, A. J. R., Rehfuss, M., Reinhold, J., Santiesteban, N., Sawatzky, B., Smith, G. R., Szumila-Vance, H., Tadepalli, A. S., Tadevosyan, V., Trotta, R., Wood, S. A., Yero, C., and Zhang, J.

Subjects
Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

The nuclear dependence of the inclusive inelastic electron scattering cross section (the EMC effect) has been measured for the first time in $^{10}$B and $^{11}$B. Previous measurements of the EMC effect in $A \leq 12$ nuclei showed an unexpected nuclear dependence; $^{10}$B and $^{11}$B were measured to explore the EMC effect in this region in more detail. Results are presented for $^9$Be, $^{10}$B, $^{11}$B, and $^{12}$C at an incident beam energy of 10.6~GeV. The EMC effect in the boron isotopes was found to be similar to that for $^9$Be and $^{12}$C, yielding almost no nuclear dependence in the EMC effect in the range $A=4-12$. This represents important, new data supporting the hypothesis that the EMC effect depends primarily on the local nuclear environment due to the cluster structure of these nuclei., Comment: To appear in PRC

Published
2022

16. Precision M\o ller Polarimetry for PREX and CREX

Author

King, D. E., Jones, D. C., Gal, C., Gaskell, D., Henry, W., Kaplan, A. D., Napolitano, J., Park, S., Paschke, K. D., Pomatsalyuk, R., and Souder, P. A.

Subjects
Nuclear Experiment, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

The PREX-2 and CREX experiments in Hall A at Jefferson Lab are precision measurements of parity violating elastic electron scattering from complex nuclei. One requirement was that the incident electron beam polarization, typically $\approx$90\%, be known with 1\% precision. We commissioned and operated a M{\o}ller polarimeter on the beam line that exceeds this requirement, achieving a precision of 0.89\% for PREX-2, and 0.85\% for CREX. The uncertainty is purely systematic, accumulated from several different sources, but dominated by our knowledge of the target polarization. Our analysis also demonstrates the need for accurate atomic wave functions in order to correct for the Levchuk Effect. We describe the details of the polarimeter operation and analysis, as well as (for CREX) a comparison to results from a different polarimeter based on Compton scattering.

Published
2022
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17. Constraints on the onset of color transparency from quasi-elastic $^{12}$C$(e,e'p)$ up to $Q^2=\,14.2\,$(GeV$/c)^2$

Author

Bhetuwal, D., Matter, J., Szumila-Vance, H., Gayoso, C. Ayerbe, Kabir, M. L., Dutta, D., Ent, R., Abrams, D., Ahmed, Z., Aljawrneh, B., Alsalmi, S., Ambrose, R., Androic, D., Armstrong, W., Asaturyan, A., Assumin-Gyimah, K., Bandari, A., Basnet, S., Berdnikov, V., Bhatt, H., Biswas, D., Boeglin, W. U., Bosted, P., Brash, E., Bukhari, M. H. S., Chen, H., Chen, J. P., Chen, M., Christy, E. M., Covrig, S., Craycraft, K., Danagoulian, S., Day, D., Diefenthaler, M., Dlamini, M., Dunne, J., Duran, B., Evans, R., Fenker, H., Fomin, N., Fuchey, E., Gaskell, D., Gautam, T. N., Gonzalez, F. A., Hansen, J. O., Hauenstein, F., Hernandez, A. V., Horn, T., Huber, G. M., Jones, M. K., Joosten, S., Karki, A., Keppel, C., Khanal, A., King, P. M., Kinney, E., Ko, H. S., Kohl, M., Lashley-Colthirst, N., Li, S., Li, W. B., Liyanage, A. H., Mack, D., Malace, S., Markowitz, P., Meekins, D., Michaels, R., Mkrtchyan, A., Mkrtchyan, H., Nazeer, S. J., Nanda, S., Niculescu, G., Niculescu, I., Nguyen, D., Nuruzzaman, Pandey, B., Park, S., Pooser, E., Puckett, A., Rehfuss, M., Reinhold, J., Santiesteban, N., Sawatzky, B., Smith, G. R., Sun, A., Tadevosyan, V., Trotta, R., Wood, S. A., Yero, C., and Zhang, J.

Subjects
Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

Quasi-elastic scattering on $^{12}$C$(e,e'p)$ was measured in Hall C at Jefferson Lab for space-like 4-momentum transfer squared $Q^2$ in the range of 8--14.2\,(GeV/$c$)$^2$ with proton momenta up to 8.3\,GeV/$c$. The experiment was carried out in the upgraded Hall C at Jefferson Lab. It used the existing high momentum spectrometer and the new super high momentum spectrometer to detect the scattered electrons and protons in coincidence. The nuclear transparency was extracted as the ratio of the measured yield to the yield calculated in the plane wave impulse approximation. Additionally, the transparency of the $1s_{1/2}$ and $1p_{3/2}$ shell protons in $^{12}$C was extracted, and the asymmetry of the missing momentum distribution was examined for hints of the quantum chromodynamics prediction of Color Transparency. All of these results were found to be consistent with traditional nuclear physics and inconsistent with the onset of Color Transparency.

Published
2022
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18. Precision Determination of the Neutral Weak Form Factor of $^{48}$Ca

Author

Adhikari, D., Albataineh, H., Androic, D., Aniol, K. A., Armstrong, D. S., Averett, T., Gayoso, C. Ayerbe, Barcus, S. K., Bellini, V., Beminiwattha, R. S., Benesch, J. F., Bhatt, H., Pathak, D. Bhatta, Bhetuwal, D., Blaikie, B., Boyd, J., Campagna, Q., Camsonne, A., Cates, G. D., Chen, Y., Clarke, C., Cornejo, J. C., Dusa, S. Covrig, Dalton, M. M., Datta, P., Deshpande, A., Dutta, D., Feldman, C., Fuchey, E., Gal, C., Gaskell, D., Gautam, T., Gericke, M., Ghosh, C., Halilovic, I., Hansen, J. -O., Hassan, O., Hauenstein, F., Henry, W., Horowitz, C. J., Jantzi, C., Jian, S., Johnston, S., Jones, D. C., Kakkar, S., Katugampola, S., Keppel, C., King, P. M., King, D. E., Kumar, K. S., Kutz, T., Lashley-Colthirst, N., Leverick, G., Liu, H., Liyanage, N., Mammei, J., Mammei, R., McCaughan, 23 M., McNulty, D., Meekins, D., Metts, C., Michaels, R., Mihovilovic, M., Mondal, M. M., Napolitano, J., Narayan, A., Nikolaev, D., Owen, V., Palatchi, C., Pan, J., Pandey, B., Park, S., Paschke, K. D., Petrusky, M., Pitt, M. L., Premathilake, S., Quinn, B., Radloff, R., Rahman, S., Rashad, M. N. H., Rathnayake, A., Reed, B. T., Reimer, P. E., Richards, R., Riordan, S., Roblin, Y. R., Seeds, S., Shahinyan, A., Souder, P., Thiel, M., Tian, Y., Urciuoli, G. M., Wertz, E. W., Wojtsekhowski, B., Yale, B., Ye, T., Yoon, A., Xiong, W., Zec, A., Zhang, W., Zhang, J., and Zheng, X.

Subjects
Nuclear Experiment, Nuclear Theory
Abstract

We report a precise measurement of the parity-violating asymmetry $A_{\rm PV}$ in the elastic scattering of longitudinally polarized electrons from $^{48}{\rm Ca}$. We measure $A_{\rm PV} =2668\pm 106\ {\rm (stat)}\pm 40\ {\rm (syst)}$ parts per billion, leading to an extraction of the neutral weak form factor $F_{\rm W} (q=0.8733$ fm$^{-1}) = 0.1304 \pm 0.0052 \ {\rm (stat)}\pm 0.0020\ {\rm (syst)}$ and the charge minus the weak form factor $F_{\rm ch} - F_{\rm W} = 0.0277\pm 0.0055$. The resulting neutron skin thickness $R_n-R_p=0.121 \pm 0.026\ {\rm (exp)} \pm 0.024\ {\rm (model)}$~fm is relatively thin yet consistent with many model calculations. The combined CREX and PREX results will have implications for future energy density functional calculations and on the density dependence of the symmetry energy of nuclear matter., Comment: 8 pages, 5 figures Replace 6-16-22: included ancillary files, corrected errors in references, author affiliations. Small text changes for clarity

Published
2022
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19. Accurate Determination of the Electron Spin Polarization In Magnetized Iron and Nickel Foils for M{\o}ller Polarimetry

Author

Jones, D. C., Napolitano, J., Souder, P. A., King, D. E., Henry, W., Gaskell, D., and Paschke, K.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

The M{\o}ller polarimeter in Hall A at Jefferson Lab in Newport News, VA, has provided reliable measurements of electron beam polarization for the past two decades reaching the typically required $\pm$1\% level of absolute uncertainty. However, the upcoming proposed experimental program including MOLLER and SoLID have stringent requirements on beam polarimetry precision at the level of 0.4\% \cite{MOLLER2014, SoLID2019}, requiring a systematic re-examination of all the contributing uncertainties. M{\o}ller polarimetry uses the double polarized scattering asymmetry of a polarized electron beam on a target with polarized atomic electrons. The target is a ferromagnetic material magnetized to align the spins in a given direction. In Hall A, the target is a pure iron foil aligned perpendicular to the beam and magnetized out of plane parallel or antiparallel to the beam direction. The acceptance of the detector is engineered to collect scattered electrons close to 90$^{\circ}$ in the center of mass frame where the analyzing power is a maximum (-7/9). One of the leading systematic errors comes from determination of the target foil polarization. Polarization of a magnetically saturated target foil requires knowledge of both the saturation magnetization and $g^\prime$, the electron $g$-factor which includes components from both spin and orbital angular momentum from which the spin fraction of magnetization is determined. This paper utilizes the existing world data to provide a best estimate for target polarization for both nickel and iron foils including uncertainties in magnetization, high-field and temperature dependence, and fractional contribution to magnetization from orbital effects. We determine the foil electron spin polarization at 294~K to be 0.08020$\pm$0.00018 (@4~T applied field) for iron and 0.018845$\pm0.000053$ (@2~T applied field) for nickel.

Published
2022

20. Deeply virtual Compton scattering cross section at high Bjorken $x_B$

Author

Georges, F., Rashad, M. N. H., Stefanko, A., Dlamini, M., Karki, B., Ali, S. F., Lin, P-J., Ko, H-S, Israel, N., Adikaram, D., Ahmed, Z., Albataineh, H., Aljawrneh, B., Allada, K., Allison, S., Alsalmi, S., Androic, D., Aniol, K., Annand, J., Atac, H., Averett, T., Gayoso, C. Ayerbe, Bai, X., Bane, J., Barcus, S., Bartlett, K., Bellini, V., Beminiwattha, R., Bericic, J., Biswas, D., Brash, E., Bulumulla, D., Campbell, J., Camsonne, A., Carmignotto, M., Castellano, J., Chen, C., Chen, J-P., Chetry, T., Christy, M. E., Cisbani, E., Clary, B., Cohen, E., Compton, N., Cornejo, J. C., Dusa, S. Covrig, Crowe, B., Danagoulian, S., Danley, T., De Persio, F., Deconinck, W., Defurne, M., Desnault, C., Di, D., Duer, M., Duran, B., Ent, R., Fanelli, C., Franklin, G., Fuchey, E., Gal, C., Gaskell, D., Gautam, T., Glamazdin, O., Gnanvo, K., Gray, V. M., Gu, C., Hague, T., Hamad, G., Hamilton, D., Hamilton, K., Hansen, O., Hauenstein, F., Henry, W., Higinbotham, D. W., Holmstrom, T., Horn, T., Huang, Y., Huber, G. M., Hyde, C., Ibrahim, H., Jen, C-M., Jin, K., Jones, M., Kabir, A., Keppel, C., Khachatryan, V., King, P. M., Li, S., Li, W. B., Liu, J., Liu, H., Liyanage, A., Magee, J., Malace, S., Mammei, J., Markowitz, P., McClellan, E., Mazouz, M., Meddi, F., Meekins, D., Mesik, K., Michaels, R., Mkrtchyan, A., Montgomery, R., Camacho, C. Muñoz, Myers, L. S., Nadel-Turonski, P., Nazeer, S. J., Nelyubin, V., Nguyen, D., Nuruzzaman, N., Nycz, M., Obretch, O. F., Ou, L., Palatchi, C., Pandey, B., Park, S., Park, K., Peng, C., Pomatsalyuk, R., Pooser, E., Puckett, A. J. R., Punjabi, V., Quinn, B., Rahman, S., Reimer, P. E., Roche, J., Sapkota, I., Sarty, A., Sawatzky, B., Saylor, N. H., Schmookler, B., Shabestari, M. H., Shahinyan, A., Sirca, S., Smith, G. R., Sooriyaarachchilage, S., Sparveris, N., Spies, R., Su, T., Subedi, A., Sulkosky, V., Sun, A., Thorne, L., Tian, Y., Ton, N., Tortorici, F., Trotta, R., Urciuoli, G. M., Voutier, E., Waidyawansa, B., Wang, Y., Wojtsekhowski, B., Wood, S., Yan, X., Ye, L., Ye, Z., Yero, C., Zhang, J., Zhao, Y., and Zhu, P.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

We report high-precision measurements of the Deeply Virtual Compton Scattering (DVCS) cross section at high values of the Bjorken variable $x_B$. DVCS is sensitive to the Generalized Parton Distributions of the nucleon, which provide a three-dimensional description of its internal constituents. Using the exact analytic expression of the DVCS cross section for all possible polarization states of the initial and final electron and nucleon, and final state photon, we present the first experimental extraction of all four helicity-conserving Compton Form Factors (CFFs) of the nucleon as a function of $x_B$, while systematically including helicity flip amplitudes. In particular, the high accuracy of the present data demonstrates sensitivity to some very poorly known CFFs.

Published
2022
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21. First Determination of the 27Al Neutron Distribution Radius from a Parity-Violating Electron Scattering Measurement

Author

QWeak Collaboration, Androic, D., Armstrong, D. S., Bartlett, K., Beminiwattha, R. S., Benesch, J., Benmokhtar, F., Birchall, J., Carlini, R. D., Cornejo, J. C., Dusa, S. Covrig, Dalton, M. M., Davis, C. A., Deconinck, W., Dowd, J. F., Dunne, J. A., Dutta, D., Duvall, W. S., Elaasar, M., Falk, W. R., Finn, J. M., Forest, T., Gal, C., Gaskell, D., Gericke, M. T. W., Gray, V. M., Grimm, K., Guo, F., Hoskins, J. R., Jones, D. C., Jones, M. K., Kargiantoulakis, M., King, P. M., Korkmaz, E., Kowalski, S., Leacock, J., Leckey, J., Lee, A. R., Lee, J. H., Lee, L., MacEwan, S., Mack, D., Magee, J. A., Mahurin, R., Mammei, J., Martin, J. W., McHugh, M. J., Meekins, D., Mei, J., Mesick, K. E., Michaels, R., Micherdzinska, A., Mkrtchyan, A., Mkrtchyan, H., Narayan, A., Ndukum, L. Z., Nelyubin, V., Nuruzzaman, van Oers, W. T. H, Owen, V. F., Page, S. A., Pan, J., Paschke, K. D., Phillips, S. K., Pitt, M. L., Radloff, R. W., Rajotte, J. F., Ramsay, W. D., Roche, J., Sawatzky, B., Seva, T., Shabestari, M. H., Silwal, R., Simicevic, N., Smith, G. R., Solvignon, P., Spayde, D. T., Subedi, A., Subedi, R., Suleiman, R., Tadevosyan, V., Tobias, W. A., Tvaskis, V., Waidyawansa, B., Wang, P., Wells, S. P., Wood, S. A., Yang, S., Zang, P., Zhamkochyan, S., Christy, M. E., Horowitz, C. J., Fattoyev, F. J., and Lin, Z.

Subjects
Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

We report the first measurement of the parity-violating elastic electron scattering asymmetry on 27Al. The 27Al elastic asymmetry is A_PV = 2.16 +- 0.11 (stat) +- 0.16 (syst) ppm, and was measured at =0.02357 +- 0.0001 GeV^2, = 7.61 +- 0.02 degrees, and = 1.157 GeV with the Qweak apparatus at Jefferson Lab. Predictions using a simple Born approximation as well as more sophisticated distorted-wave calculations are in good agreement with this result. From this asymmetry the 27Al neutron radius R_n = 2.89 +- 0.12 fm was determined using a many-models correlation technique. The corresponding neutron skin thickness R_n-R_p = -0.04 +- 0.12 fm is small, as expected for a light nucleus with a neutron excess of only 1. This result thus serves as a successful benchmark for electroweak determinations of neutron radii on heavier nuclei. A tree-level approach was used to extract the 27Al weak radius R_w = 3.00 +- 0.15 fm, and the weak skin thickness R_wk - R_ch = -0.04 +- 0.15 fm. The weak form factor at this Q^2 is F_wk = 0.39 +- 0.04., Comment: Revised version after referee's comments and suggestions. Some improvements and clarification to the text, no changes to the figures, tables, results or conclusions. 7 pages, 3 figures, 3 tables

Published
2021
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22. Measurement of R=σL/σT and the separated longitudinal and transverse structure functions in the nucleon-resonance region

Author

Liang, Y, Tvaskis, V, Christy, ME, Ahmidouch, A, Armstrong, CS, Arrington, J, Asaturyan, R, Avery, S, Baker, OK, Beck, DH, Blok, HP, Bochna, CW, Boeglin, W, Bosted, P, Bouwhuis, M, Breuer, H, Brown, DS, Bruell, A, Carlini, RD, Cha, J, Chant, NS, Cochran, A, Cole, L, Danagoulian, S, Day, DB, Dunne, J, Dutta, D, Ent, R, Fenker, HC, Fox, B, Gan, L, Gao, H, Garrow, K, Gaskell, D, Gasparian, A, Geesaman, DF, Gilman, R, Guèye, PLJ, Harvey, M, Holt, RJ, Jiang, X, Jones, M, Keppel, CE, Kinney, E, Lorenzon, W, Lung, A, Mack, DJ, Markowitz, P, Martin, JW, McIlhany, K, McKee, D, Meekins, D, Miller, MA, Milner, RG, Mitchell, JH, Mkrtchyan, H, Mueller, BA, Nathan, A, Niculescu, G, Niculescu, I, O'Neill, TG, Papavassiliou, V, Pate, SF, Piercey, RB, Potterveld, D, Ransome, RD, Reinhold, J, Rollinde, E, Rondon, O, Roos, P, Sarty, AJ, Sawafta, R, Schulte, EC, Segbefia, E, Smith, C, Stepanyan, S, Strauch, S, Tadevosyan, V, Tang, L, Tieulent, R, Uzzle, A, Vulcan, WF, Wood, SA, Xiong, F, Yuan, L, Zeier, M, Zihlmann, B, and Ziskin, V

Subjects
Nuclear and Plasma Physics, Particle and High Energy Physics, Synchrotrons and Accelerators, Physical Sciences, Nuclear and plasma physics
Abstract

We report on a detailed study of longitudinal strength in the nucleon resonance region, presenting new results from inclusive electron-proton cross sections measured at Jefferson Lab Hall C in the four-momentum transfer range 0.2

Published
2022

23. Probing for high-momentum protons in He4 via the He4(e,e′p)X reactions

Author

Iqbal, S, Benmokhtar, F, Ivanov, M, See, N, Aniol, K, Higinbotham, DW, Boyd, C, Gadsby, A, Goodwill, JS, Finton, D, Boyer, A, Gilad, S, Saha, A, Udias, JM, Ye, Z, Solvignon, P, Aguilera, P, Ahmed, Z, Albataineh, H, Allada, K, Anderson, B, Anez, D, Annand, J, Arrington, J, Averett, T, Baghdasaryan, H, Bai, X, Beck, A, Beck, S, Bellini, V, Camsonne, A, Chen, C, Chen, J-P, Chirapatpimol, K, Cisbani, E, Dalton, MM, Daniel, A, Day, D, Deconinck, W, Defurne, M, Flay, D, Fomin, N, Friend, M, Frullani, S, Fuchey, E, Garibaldi, F, Gaskell, D, Gilman, R, Glamazdin, S, Gu, C, Guèye, P, Hanretty, C, Hansen, J-O, Shabestari, M Hashemi, Huang, M, Jin, G, Kalantarians, N, Kang, H, Kelleher, A, Korover, I, LeRose, J, Leckey, J, Lindgren, R, Long, E, Mammei, J, Margaziotis, DJ, Markowitz, P, Meekins, D, Meziani, Z, Michaels, R, Mihovilovic, M, Muangma, N, Camacho, C Munoz, Norum, B, Nuruzzaman, Pan, K, Phillips, S, Piasetzky, E, Pomerantz, I, Posik, M, Punjabi, V, Qian, X, Qiang, Y, Qiu, X, Reimer, PE, Rakhman, A, Riordan, S, Ron, G, Rondon-Aramayo, O, Selvy, L, Shahinyan, A, Shneor, R, Sirca, S, Slifer, K, Sparveris, N, Subedi, R, Sulkosky, V, Wang, D, Watson, JW, and Weinstein, LB

Subjects
Nuclear and Plasma Physics, Physical Sciences, Nuclear and plasma physics
Abstract

Experimental cross sections for the He4(e,e′p)X reactions in the missing energy range from 0.017 to 0.022 GeV and up to a missing momentum of 0.632 GeV/c at xB=1.24 and Q2=2 (GeV/c)2 are reported. The data are compared to relativistic distorted-wave impulse approximation calculations for the He4(e,e′p)H3 channel. Significantly more events are observed for pm≥0.45 GeV/c than are predicted by the theoretical model, and striking fluctuations in the ratio of data to the theoretical model around pm=0.3GeV/c are possible signals of initial-state multinucleon correlations.

Published
2022

24. Deeply Virtual Compton Scattering Cross Section at High Bjorken x_{B}.

Author

Georges, F, Rashad, MNH, Stefanko, A, Dlamini, M, Karki, B, Ali, SF, Lin, P-J, Ko, H-S, Israel, N, Adikaram, D, Ahmed, Z, Albataineh, H, Aljawrneh, B, Allada, K, Allison, S, Alsalmi, S, Androic, D, Aniol, K, Annand, J, Atac, H, Averett, T, Ayerbe Gayoso, C, Bai, X, Bane, J, Barcus, S, Bartlett, K, Bellini, V, Beminiwattha, R, Bericic, J, Biswas, D, Brash, E, Bulumulla, D, Campbell, J, Camsonne, A, Carmignotto, M, Castellano, J, Chen, C, Chen, J-P, Chetry, T, Christy, ME, Cisbani, E, Clary, B, Cohen, E, Compton, N, Cornejo, JC, Covrig Dusa, S, Crowe, B, Danagoulian, S, Danley, T, De Persio, F, Deconinck, W, Defurne, M, Desnault, C, Di, D, Duer, M, Duran, B, Ent, R, Fanelli, C, Franklin, G, Fuchey, E, Gal, C, Gaskell, D, Gautam, T, Glamazdin, O, Gnanvo, K, Gray, VM, Gu, C, Hague, T, Hamad, G, Hamilton, D, Hamilton, K, Hansen, O, Hauenstein, F, Henry, W, Higinbotham, DW, Holmstrom, T, Horn, T, Huang, Y, Huber, GM, Hyde, CE, Ibrahim, H, Jen, C-M, Jin, K, Jones, M, Kabir, A, Keppel, C, Khachatryan, V, King, PM, Li, S, Li, WB, Liu, J, Liu, H, Liyanage, A, Magee, J, Malace, S, Mammei, J, Markowitz, P, McClellan, E, Mazouz, M, and Meddi, F

Subjects
Jefferson Lab Hall A Collaboration, Mathematical Sciences, Physical Sciences, Engineering, General Physics
Abstract

We report high-precision measurements of the deeply virtual Compton scattering (DVCS) cross section at high values of the Bjorken variable x_{B}. DVCS is sensitive to the generalized parton distributions of the nucleon, which provide a three-dimensional description of its internal constituents. Using the exact analytic expression of the DVCS cross section for all possible polarization states of the initial and final electron and nucleon, and final state photon, we present the first experimental extraction of all four helicity-conserving Compton form factors (CFFs) of the nucleon as a function of x_{B}, while systematically including helicity flip amplitudes. In particular, the high accuracy of the present data demonstrates sensitivity to some very poorly known CFFs.

Published
2022

25. New Measurements of the Beam-Normal Single Spin Asymmetry in Elastic Electron Scattering Over a Range of Spin-0 Nuclei

Author

PREX, Collaborations, CREX, Adhikari, D., Albataineh, H., Androic, D., Aniol, K., Armstrong, D. S., Averett, T., Gayoso, C. Ayerbe, Barcus, S., Bellini, V., Beminiwattha, R. S., Benesch, J. F., Bhatt, H., Pathak, D. Bhatta, Bhetuwal, D., Blaikie, B., Boyd, J., Campagna, Q., Camsonne, A., Cates, G. D., Chen, Y., Clarke, C., Cornejo, J. C., Dusa, S. Covrig, Dalton, M. M., Datta, P., Deshpande, A., Dutta, D., Feldman, C., Fuchey, E., Gal, C., Gaskell, D., Gautam, T., Gericke, M., Ghosh, C., Halilovic, I., Hansen, J. -O., Hauenstein, F., Henry, W., Horowitz, C. J., Jantzi, C., Jian, S., Johnston, S., Jones, D. C., Karki, B., Kakkar, S., Katugampola, S., Keppel, C. E., King, P. M., King, D. E., Knauss, M., Kumar, K. S., Kutz, T., Lashley-Colthirst, N., Leverick, G., Liu, H., Liyange, N., Malace, S., Mammei, J., Mammei, R., McCaughan, M., McNulty, D., Meekins, D., Metts, C., Michaels, R., Mihovilovic, M., Mondal, M. M., Napolitano, J., Nikolaev, D., Rashad, M. N. H., Owen, V., Palatchi, C., Pan, J., Pandey, B., Park, S., Paschke, K. D., Petrusky, M., Pitt, M. L., Premathilake, S., Puckett, A. J. R., Quinn, B., Radloff, R., Rahman, S., Rathnayake, A., Reed, B. T., Reimer, P. E., Richards, R., Riordan, S., Roblin, Y., Seeds, S., Shahinyan, A., Souder, P. A., Tang, L., Thiel, M., Tian, Y., Urciuoli, G. M., Wertz, E. W., Wojtsekhowski, B., Xiong, W., Yale, B., Ye, T., Zec, A., Zhang, W., Zhang, J., and Zheng, X.

Subjects
Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

We report precision determinations of the beam normal single spin asymmetries ($A_n$) in the elastic scattering of 0.95 and 2.18~GeV electrons off $^{12}$C, $^{40}$Ca, $^{48}$Ca, and $^{208}$Pb at very forward angles where the most detailed theoretical calculations have been performed. The first measurements of $A_n$ for $^{40}$Ca and $^{48}$Ca are found to be similar to that of $^{12}$C, consistent with expectations thus demonstrating the validity of theoretical calculations for nuclei with Z~$\leq20$. We also report $A_n$ for $^{208}$Pb at two new momentum transfers (Q$^2$) extending the previous measurement. Our new data confirm the surprising result previously reported, with all three data points showing significant disagreement with the results from the $Z\leq 20$ nuclei. These data confirm our basic understanding of the underlying dynamics that govern $A_n$ for nuclei containing $\lesssim 50$ nucleons, but point to the need for further investigation to understand the unusual $A_n$ behaviour discovered for scattering off $^{208}$Pb., Comment: 7 pages, 2 figures

Published
2021
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26. Measurement of the EMC effect in light and heavy nuclei

Author

Arrington, J., Bane, J., Daniel, A., Fomin, N., Gaskell, D., Seely, J., Asaturyan, R., Benmokhtar, F., Boeglin, W., Bosted, P., Bukhari, M. H. S., Christy, M. E., Connell, S., Dalton, M. M., Day, D., Dunne, J., Dutta, D., Fassi, L. El, Ent, R., Fenker, H., Gao, H., Holt, R. J., Horn, T., Hungerford, E., Jones, M. K., Jourdan, J., Kalantarians, N., Keppel, C. E., Kiselev, D., Lung, A. F., Malace, S., Meekins, D. G., Mertens, T., Mkrtchyan, H., Niculescu, G., Niculescu, I., Potterveld, D. H., Perdrisat, C., Punjabi, V., Qian, X., Reimer, P. E., Roche, J., Rodriguez, V. M., Rondon, O., Schulte, E., Slifer, K., Smith, G. R., Solvignon, P., Tadevosyan, V., Tang, L., Testa, G., Trojer, R., Tvaskis, V., Wesselmann, F. R., Wood, S. A., Yuan, L., and Zheng, X.

Subjects
Nuclear Experiment, Nuclear Theory
Abstract

Inclusive electron scattering from nuclear targets has been measured to extract the nuclear dependence of the inelastic cross section in Hall C at the Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator facility. Results are presented for 2H, 3He, 4He, 9B, 12C, 63Cu and 197Au at an incident electron beam energy of 5.77 GeV for a range of momentum transfer from Q^2 = 2 to 7 (GeV/c)^2. These data improve the precision of the existing measurements of the EMC effect in the nuclear targets at large x, and allow for more detailed examinations of the A dependence of the EMC effect., Comment: 28 pages, 23 figures, archival paper for Jefferson Lab experiment E03-103

Published
2021
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27. Deeply virtual Compton scattering off the neutron

Author

Benali, M., Desnault, C., Mazouz, M., Ahmed, Z., Albataineh, H., Allada, K., Aniol, K. A., Bellini, V., Boeglin, W., Bertin, P., Brossard, M., Camsonne, A., Canan, M., Chandavar, S., Chen, C., Chen, J. -P., Defurne, M., de Jager, C. W., de Leo, R., Deur, A., Fassi, L. El, Ent, R., Flay, D., Friend, M., Fuchey, E., Frullani, S., Garibaldi, F., Gaskell, D., Giusa, A., Glamazdin, O., Golge, S., Gomez, J., Hansen, O., Higinbotham, D., Holmstrom, T., Horn, T., Huang, J., Huang, M., Huber, G. M., Hyde, C. E., Iqbal, S., Itard, F., Kang, Ho., Kang, Hy., Kelleher, A., Keppel, C., Koirala, S., Korover, I., LeRose, J. J., Lindgren, R., Long, E., Magne, M., Mammei, J., Margaziotis, D. J., Markowitz, P., Jimenez-Arguello, A. Marti, Meddi, F., Meekins, D., Michaels, R., Mihovilovic, M., Muangma, N., Camacho, C. Munoz, Nadel-Turonski, P., Nuruzzaman, N., Paremuzyan, R., Pomatsalyuk, R., Puckett, A., Punjabi, V., Qiang, Y., Rakhman, A., Rashad, M. N. H., Riordan, S., Roche, J., Russo, G., Sabatie, F., Saenboonruang, K., Saha, A., Sawatzky, B., Selvy, L., Shahinyan, A., Sirca, S., Solvignon, P., Sperduto, M. L., Subedi, R., Sulkosky, V., Sutera, C., Tobias, W. A., Urciuoli, G. M., Wang, D., Wojtsekhowski, B., Yao, H., Ye, Z., Zana, L., Zhan, X., Zhang, J., Zhao, B., Zhao, Z., Zheng, X., and Zhu, P.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

The three-dimensional structure of nucleons (protons and neutrons) is embedded in so-called generalized parton distributions, which are accessible from deeply virtual Compton scattering. In this process, a high energy electron is scattered off a nucleon by exchanging a virtual photon. Then, a highly-energetic real photon is emitted from one of the quarks inside the nucleon, which carries information on the quark's transverse position and longitudinal momentum. By measuring the cross-section of deeply virtual Compton scattering, Compton form factors related to the generalized parton distributions can be extracted. Here, we report the observation of unpolarized deeply virtual Compton scattering off a deuterium target. From the measured photon-electroproduction cross-sections, we have extracted the cross-section of a quasi-free neutron and a coherent deuteron. Due to the approximate isospin symmetry of quantum chromodynamics, we can determine the contributions from the different quark flavours to the helicity-conserved Compton form factors by combining our measurements with previous ones probing the proton's internal structure. These results advance our understanding of the description of the nucleon structure, which is important to solve the proton spin puzzle.

Published
2021
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28. The present and future of QCD

Author

Achenbach, P., Adhikari, D., Afanasev, A., Afzal, F., Aidala, C.A., Al-bataineh, A., Almaalol, D.K., Amaryan, M., Androić, D., Armstrong, W.R., Arratia, M., Arrington, J., Asaturyan, A., Aschenauer, E.C., Atac, H., Avakian, H., Averett, T., Ayerbe Gayoso, C., Bai, X., Barish, K.N., Barnea, N., Basar, G., Battaglieri, M., Baty, A.A., Bautista, I., Bazilevsky, A., Beattie, C., Behera, S.C., Bellini, V., Bellwied, R., Benesch, J.F., Benmokhtar, F., Bernardes, C.A., Bernauer, J.C., Bhatt, H., Bhatta, S., Boer, M., Boettcher, T.J., Bogacz, S.A., Bossi, H.J., Brandenburg, J.D., Brash, E.J., Briceño, R.A., Briscoe, W.J., Brodsky, S.J., Brown, D.A., Burkert, V.D., Caines, H., Cali, I.A., Camsonne, A., Carman, D.S., Caylor, J., Cerci, D.S., Cerci, S., Chamizo Llatas, M., Chatterjee, S., Chen, J.P., Chen, Y., Chen, Y.-C., Chien, Y.-T., Chou, P.-C., Chu, X., Chudakov, E., Cline, E., Cloët, I.C., Cole, P.L., Connors, M.E., Constantinou, M., Cosyn, W., Covrig Dusa, S., Cruz-Torres, R., D'Alesio, U., da Silva, C., Davoudi, Z., Dean, C.T., Dean, D.J., Demarteau, M., Deshpande, A., Detmold, W., Deur, A., Devkota, B.R., Dhital, S., Diefenthaler, M., Dobbs, S., Döring, M., Dong, X., Dotel, R., Dow, K.A., Downie, E.J., Drachenberg, J.L., Dumitru, A., Dunlop, J.C., Dupre, R., Durham, J.M., Dutta, D., Edwards, R.G., Ehlers, R.J., El Fassi, L., Elaasar, M., Elouadrhiri, L., Engelhardt, M., Ent, R., Esumi, S., Evdokimov, O., Eyser, O., Fanelli, C., Fatemi, R., Fernando, I.P., Flor, F.A., Fomin, N., Frawley, A.D., Frederico, T., Fries, R.J., Gal, C., Gamage, B.R., Gamberg, L., Gao, H., Gaskell, D., Geurts, F., Ghandilyan, Y., Ghimire, N., Gilman, R., Gleason, C., Gnanvo, K., Gothe, R.W., Greene, S.V., Grießhammer, H.W., Grossberndt, S.K., Grube, B., Hackett, D.C., Hague, T.J., Hakobyan, H., Hansen, J.-O., Hatta, Y., Hattawy, M., Havener, L.B., Hen, O., Henry, W., Higinbotham, D.W., Hobbs, T.J., Hodges, A.M., Holmstrom, T., Hong, B., Horn, T., Howell, C.R., Huang, H.Z., Huang, M., Huang, S., Huber, G.M., Hyde, C.E., Isupov, E.L., Jacobs, P.M., Jalilian-Marian, J., Jentsch, A., Jheng, H., Ji, C.-R., Ji, X., Jia, J., Jones, D.C., Jones, M.K., Joosten, S., Kalantarians, N., Kalicy, G., Kang, Z.B., Karthein, J.M., Keller, D., Keppel, C., Khachatryan, V., Kharzeev, D.E., Kim, H., Kim, M., Kim, Y., King, P.M., Kinney, E., Klein, S.R., Ko, H.S., Koch, V., Kohl, M., Kovchegov, Y.V., Krintiras, G.K., Kubarovsky, V., Kuhn, S.E., Kumar, K.S., Kutz, T., Lajoie, J.G., Lauret, J., Lavrukhin, I., Lawrence, D., Lee, J.H., Lee, K., Lee, S., Lee, Y.-J., Li, S., Li, W., Li, Xiaqing, Li, Xuan, Liao, J., Lin, H.-W., Lisa, M.A., Liu, K.-F., Liu, M.X., Liu, T., Liuti, S., Liyanage, N., Llope, W.J., Loizides, C., Longo, R., Lorenzon, W., Lunkenheimer, S., Luo, X., Ma, R., McKinnon, B., Meekins, D.G., Mehtar-Tani, Y., Melnitchouk, W., Metz, A., Meyer, C.A., Meziani, Z.-E., Michaels, R., Michel, J.K.L., Milner, R.G., Mkrtchyan, H., Mohanmurthy, P., Mohanty, B., Mokeev, V.I., Moon, D.H., Mooney, I.A., Morningstar, C., Morrison, D.P., Müller, B., Mukherjee, S., Mulligan, J., Munoz Camacho, C., Murillo Quijada, J.A., Murray, M.J., Nadeeshani, S.A., Nadel-Turonski, P., Nam, J.D., Nattrass, C.E., Nijs, G., Noronha, J., Noronha-Hostler, J., Novitzky, N., Nycz, M., Olness, F.I., Osborn, J.D., Pak, R., Pandey, B., Paolone, M., Papandreou, Z., Paquet, J.-F., Park, S., Paschke, K.D., Pasquini, B., Pasyuk, E., Patel, T., Patton, A., Paudel, C., Peng, C., Peng, J.C., Pereira Da Costa, H., Perepelitsa, D.V., Peters, M.J., Petreczky, P., Pisarski, R.D., Pitonyak, D., Ploskon, M.A., Posik, M., Poudel, J., Pradhan, R., Prokudin, A., Pruneau, C.A., Puckett, A.J.R., Pujahari, P., Putschke, J., Pybus, J.R., Qiu, J.-W., Rajagopal, K., Ratti, C., Read, K.F., Reed, R., Richards, D.G., Riedl, C., Ringer, F., Rinn, T., Rittenhouse West, J., Roche, J., Rodas, A., Roland, G., Romero-López, F., Rossi, P., Rostomyan, T., Ruan, L., Ruimi, O.M., Saha, N.R., Sahoo, N.R., Sakaguchi, T., Salazar, F., Salgado, C.W., Salmè, G., Salur, S., Santiesteban, S.N., Sargsian, M.M., Sarsour, M., Sato, N., Satogata, T., Sawada, S., Schäfer, T., Scheihing-Hitschfeld, B., Schenke, B., Schindler, S.T., Schmidt, A., Seidl, R., Shabestari, M.H., Shanahan, P.E., Shen, C., Sheng, T.-A., Shepherd, M.R., Sickles, A.M., Sievert, M.D., Smith, K.L., Song, Y., Sorensen, A., Souder, P.A., Sparveris, N., Srednyak, S., Stahl Leiton, A.G., Stasto, A.M., Steinberg, P., Stepanyan, S., Stephanov, M., Stevens, J.R., Stewart, D.J., Stewart, I.W., Stojanovic, M., Strakovsky, I., Strauch, S., Strickland, M., Sunar Cerci, D., Suresh, M., Surrow, B., Syritsyn, S., Szczepaniak, A.P., Tadepalli, A.S., Tang, A.H., Tapia Takaki, J.D., Tarnowsky, T.J., Tawfik, A.N., Taylor, M.I., Tennant, C., Thiel, A., Thomas, D., Tian, Y., Timmins, A.R., Tribedy, P., Tu, Z., Tuo, S., Ullrich, T., Umaka, E., Upton, D.W., Vary, J.P., Velkovska, J., Venugopalan, R., Vijayakumar, A., Vitev, I., Vogelsang, W., Vogt, R., Vossen, A., Voutier, E., Vovchenko, V., Walker-Loud, A., Wang, F., Wang, J., Wang, X., Wang, X.-N., Weinstein, L.B., Wenaus, T.J., Weyhmiller, S., Wissink, S.W., Wojtsekhowski, B., Wong, C.P., Wood, M.H., Wunderlich, Y., Wyslouch, B., Xiao, B.W., Xie, W., Xiong, W., Xu, N., Xu, Q.H., Xu, Z., Yaari, D., Yao, X., Ye, Z., Ye, Z.H., Yero, C., Yuan, F., Zajc, W.A., Zhang, C., Zhang, J., Zhao, F., Zhao, Y., Zhao, Z.W., Zheng, X., Zhou, J., and Zurek, M.

Published
2024
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29. Form Factors and Two-Photon Exchange in High-Energy Elastic Electron-Proton Scattering

Author

Christy, ME, Gautam, T, Ou, L, Schmookler, B, Wang, Y, Adikaram, D, Ahmed, Z, Albataineh, H, Ali, SF, Aljawrneh, B, Allada, K, Allison, SL, Alsalmi, S, Androic, D, Aniol, K, Annand, J, Arrington, J, Atac, H, Averett, T, Gayoso, C Ayerbe, Bai, X, Bane, J, Barcus, S, Bartlett, K, Bellini, V, Beminiwattha, R, Bericic, J, Bhatt, H, Bhetuwal, D, Biswas, D, Brash, E, Bulumulla, D, Camacho, CM, Campbell, J, Camsonne, A, Carmignotto, M, Castellanos, J, Chen, C, Chen, J-P, Chetry, T, Cisbani, E, Clary, B, Cohen, E, Compton, N, Cornejo, JC, Dusa, S Covrig, Crowe, B, Danagoulian, S, Danley, T, Deconinck, W, Defurne, M, Desnault, C, Di, D, Dlamini, M, Duer, M, Duran, B, Ent, R, Fanelli, C, Fuchey, E, Gal, C, Gaskell, D, Georges, F, Gilad, S, Glamazdin, O, Gnanvo, K, Gramolin, AV, Gray, VM, Gu, C, Habarakada, A, Hague, T, Hamad, G, Hamilton, D, Hamilton, K, Hansen, O, Hauenstein, F, Hernandez, AV, Henry, W, Higinbotham, DW, Holmstrom, T, Horn, T, Huang, Y, Huber, GM, Hyde, C, Ibrahim, H, Israel, N, Jen, C-M, Jin, K, Jones, M, Kabir, A, Karki, B, Keppel, C, Khachatryan, V, King, PM, Li, S, Li, W, Liu, H, Liu, J, Liyanage, AH, Mack, D, and Magee, J

Subjects
Nuclear and Plasma Physics, Particle and High Energy Physics, Physical Sciences, Mathematical Sciences, Engineering, General Physics, Mathematical sciences, Physical sciences
Abstract

We present new precision measurements of the elastic electron-proton scattering cross section for momentum transfer (Q^{2}) up to 15.75  (GeV/c)^{2}. Combined with existing data, these provide an improved extraction of the proton magnetic form factor at high Q^{2} and double the range over which a longitudinal or transverse separation of the cross section can be performed. The difference between our results and polarization data agrees with that observed at lower Q^{2} and attributed to hard two-photon exchange (TPE) effects, extending to 8  (GeV/c)^{2} the range of Q^{2} for which a discrepancy is established at >95% confidence. We use the discrepancy to quantify the size of TPE contributions needed to explain the cross section at high Q^{2}.

Published
2022

30. Measurement of the Beam-Normal Single-Spin Asymmetry for Elastic Electron Scattering from $^{12}$C and $^{27}$Al

Author

QWeak Collaboration, Androic, D., Armstrong, D. S., Asaturyan, A., Bartlett, K., Beminiwattha, R. S., Benesch, J., Benmokhtar, F., Birchall, J., Carlini, R. D., Christy, M. E., Cornejo, J. C., Dusa, S. Covrig, Dalton, M. M., Davis, C. A., Deconinck, W., Dowd, J. F., Dunne, J. A., Dutta, D., Duvall, W. S., Elassar, M., Falk, W. R., Finn, J. M., Forest, T., Gal, C., Gaskell, D., Gericke, M. T. W., Gray, V. M., Guo, F., Hoskins, J. R., Jones, D. C., Kargiantoulakis, M., King, P. M., Korkmaz, E., Kowalski, S., Leacock, J., Leckey, J. P., Lee, A. R., Lee, J. H., Lee, L., MacEwan, S., Mack, D., Magee, J. A., Mahurin, R., Mammei, J., Martin, J. W., McHugh, M. J., Meekins, D., Mesick, K. E., Michaels, R., Mkrtchyan, A., Mkrtchyan, H., Narayan, A., Ndukum, L. Z., Nuruzzaman, Nelyubin, V., van Oers, W. T. H, Owen, V. F., Page, S. A., Pan, J., Paschke, K. D., Phillips, S. K., Pitt, M. L., Radloff, R. W., Rajotte, J. F., Ramsay, W. D., Roche, J., Sawatzky, B., Seva, T., Shabestari, M. H., Silwal, R., Simicevic, N., Smith, G. R., Solvignon, P., Spayde, D. T., Subedi, A., Subedi, R., Tadevosyan, V., Tobias, W. A., Waidyawansa, B., Wang, P., Wells, S. P., Wood, S. A., Zang, P., and Zhamkochyan, S.

Subjects
Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

We report measurements of the parity-conserving beam-normal single-spin elastic scattering asymmetries $B_n$ on $^{12}$C and $^{27}$Al, obtained with an electron beam polarized transverse to its momentum direction. These measurements add an additional kinematic point to a series of previous measurements of $B_n$ on $^{12}$C and provide a first measurement on $^{27}$Al. The experiment utilized the Qweak apparatus at Jefferson Lab with a beam energy of 1.158 GeV. The average lab scattering angle for both targets was 7.7 degrees, and the average $Q^2$ for both targets was 0.02437 GeV$^2$ (Q=0.1561 GeV). The asymmetries are $B_n$ = -10.68 $\pm$ 0.90 stat) $\pm$ 0.57 (syst) ppm for $^{12}$C and $B_n$ = -12.16 $\pm$ 0.58 (stat) $\pm$ 0.62 (syst) ppm for $^{27}$Al. The results are consistent with theoretical predictions, and are compared to existing data. When scaled by Z/A, the Q-dependence of all the far-forward angle (theta < 10 degrees) data from $^{1}$H to $^{27}$Al can be described by the same slope out to $Q \approx 0.35$ GeV. Larger-angle data from other experiments in the same Q range are consistent with a slope about twice as steep., Comment: Minor changes after refereeing; version as accepted for Physical Review C. Cosmetic changes to several figures, one author added. 22 pages, 8 figures

Published
2021
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31. Science Requirements and Detector Concepts for the Electron-Ion Collider: EIC Yellow Report

Author

Khalek, R. Abdul, Accardi, A., Adam, J., Adamiak, D., Akers, W., Albaladejo, M., Al-bataineh, A., Alexeev, M. G., Ameli, F., Antonioli, P., Armesto, N., Armstrong, W. R., Arratia, M., Arrington, J., Asaturyan, A., Asai, M., Aschenauer, E. C., Aune, S., Avagyan, H., Gayoso, C. Ayerbe, Azmoun, B., Bacchetta, A., Baker, M. D., Barbosa, F., Barion, L., Barish, K. N., Barry, P. C., Battaglieri, M., Bazilevsky, A., Behera, N. K., Benmokhtar, F., Berdnikov, V. V., Bernauer, J. C., Bertone, V., Bhattacharya, S., Bissolotti, C., Boer, D., Boglione, M., Bondì, M., Boora, P., Borsa, I., Bossù, F., Bozzi, G., Brandenburg, J. D., Brei, N., Bressan, A., Brooks, W. K., Bufalino, S., Bukhari, M. H. S., Burkert, V., Buttimore, N. H., Camsonne, A., Celentano, A., Celiberto, F. G., Chang, W., Chatterjee, C., Chen, K., Chetry, T., Chiarusi, T., Chien, Y. -T., Chiosso, M., Chu, X., Chudakov, E., Cicala, G., Cisbani, E., Cloet, I. C., Cocuzza, C., Cole, P. L., Colella, D., Collins II, J. L., Constantinou, M., Contalbrigo, M., Contin, G., Corliss, R., Cosyn, W., Courtoy, A., Crafts, J., Cruz-Torres, R., Cuevas, R. C., D'Alesio, U., Torre, S. Dalla, Das, D., Dasgupta, S. S., Da Silva, C., Deconinck, W., Defurne, M., DeGraw, W., Dehmelt, K., Del Dotto, A., Delcarro, F., Deshpande, A., Detmold, W., De Vita, R., Diefenthaler, M., Dilks, C., Dixit, D. U., Dulat, S., Dumitru, A., Dupré, R., Durham, J. M., Echevarria, M. G., Fassi, L. El, Elia, D., Ent, R., Esha, R., Ethier, J. J., Evdokimov, O., Eyser, K. O., Fanelli, C., Fatemi, R., Fazio, S., Fernandez-Ramirez, C., Finger, M., Finger Jr., M., Fitzgerald, D., Flore, C., Frederico, T., Friščić, I., Fucini, S., Furletov, S., Furletova, Y., Gal, C., Gamberg, L., Gao, H., Garg, P., Gaskell, D., Gates, K., Ducati, M. B. Gay, Gericke, M., da Silveira, G. Gil, Girod, F. -X., Glazier, D. I., Gnanvo, K., Goncalves, V. P., Gonella, L., Hernandez, J. O. Gonzalez, Goto, Y., Grancagnolo, F., Greiner, L. C., Guryn, W., Guzey, V., Hatta, Y., Hattawy, M., Hauenstein, F., He, X., Hemmick, T. K., Hen, O., Heyes, G., Higinbotham, D. W., Blin, A. N. Hiller, Hobbs, T. J., Hohlmann, M., Horn, T., Hou, T. -J., Huang, J., Huang, Q., Huber, G. M., Hyde, C. E., Iakovidis, G., Ilieva, Y., Jacak, B. V., Jacobs, P. M., Jadhav, M., Janoska, Z., Jentsch, A., Jezo, T., Jing, X., Jones, P. G., Joo, K., Joosten, S., Kafka, V., Kalantarians, N., Kalicy, G., Kang, D., Kang, Z. B., Kauder, K., Kay, S. J. D., Keppel, C. E., Kim, J., Kiselev, A., Klasen, M., Klein, S., Klest, H. T., Korchak, O., Kostina, A., Kotko, P., Kovchegov, Y. V., Krelina, M., Kuleshov, S., Kumano, S., Kumar, K. S., Kumar, R., Kumar, L., Kumerički, K., Kusina, A., Kutak, K., Lai, Y. S., Lalwani, K., Lappi, T., Lauret, J., Lavinsky, M., Lawrence, D., Lednicky, D., Lee, C., Lee, K., Lee, S. H., Levorato, S., Li, H., Li, S., Li, W., Li, X., Li, W. B., Ligonzo, T., Liu, H., Liu, M. X., Liu, X., Liuti, S., Liyanage, N., Lorcé, C., Lu, Z., Lucero, G., Lukow, N. S., Lunghi, E., Majka, R., Makris, Y., Mandjavidze, I., Mantry, S., Mäntysaari, H., Marhauser, F., Markowitz, P., Marsicano, L., Mastroserio, A., Mathieu, V., Mehtar-Tani, Y., Melnitchouk, W., Mendez, L., Metz, A., Meziani, Z. -E., Mezrag, C., Mihovilovič, M., Milner, R., Mirazita, M., Mkrtchyan, H., Mkrtchyan, A., Mochalov, V., Moiseev, V., Mondal, M. M., Morreale, A., Morrison, D., Motyka, L., Moutarde, H., Camacho, C. Muñoz, Murgia, F., Murray, M. J., Musico, P., Nadel-Turonski, P., Nadolsky, P. M., Nam, J., Newman, P. R., Neyret, D., Nguyen, D., Nocera, E. R., Noferini, F., Noto, F., Nunes, A. S., Okorokov, V. A., Olness, F., Osborn, J. D., Page, B. S., Park, S., Parker, A., Paschke, K., Pasquini, B., Paukkunen, H., Paul, S., Pecar, C., Pegg, I. L., Pellegrino, C., Peng, C., Pentchev, L., Perrino, R., Petriello, F., Petti, R., Pilloni, A., Pinkenburg, C., Pire, B., Pisano, C., Pitonyak, D., Poblaguev, A. A., Polakovic, T., Posik, M., Potekhin, M., Preghenella, R., Preins, S., Prokudin, A., Pujahari, P., Purschke, M. L., Pybus, J. R., Radici, M., Rajput-Ghoshal, R., Reimer, P. E., Rinaldi, M., Ringer, F., Roberts, C. D., Rodini, S., Rojo, J., Romanov, D., Rossi, P., Santopinto, E., Sarsour, M., Sassot, R., Sato, N., Schenke, B., Schmidke, W. B., Schmidt, I., Schmidt, A., Schmookler, B., Schnell, G., Schweitzer, P., Schwiening, J., Scimemi, I., Scopetta, S., Segovia, J., Seidl, R., Sekula, S., Semenov-Tian-Shanskiy, K., Shao, D. Y., Sherrill, N., Sichtermann, E., Siddikov, M., Signori, A., Singh, B. K., Širca, S., Slifer, K., Slominski, W., Sokhan, D., Sondheim, W. E., Song, Y., Soto, O., Spiesberger, H., Stasto, A. M., Stepanov, P., Sterman, G., Stevens, J. R., Stewart, I. W., Strakovsky, I., Strikman, M., Sturm, M., Stutzman, M. L., Sullivan, M., Surrow, B., Svihra, P., Syritsyn, S., Szczepaniak, A., Sznajder, P., Szumila-Vance, H., Szymanowski, L., Tadepalli, A. S., Takaki, J. D. Tapia, Tassielli, G. F., Terry, J., Tessarotto, F., Tezgin, K., Tomasek, L., Acosta, F. Torales, Tribedy, P., Tricoli, A., Triloki, Tripathi, S., Trotta, R. L., Tsai, O. D., Tu, Z., Tuvè, C., Ullrich, T., Ungaro, M., Urciuoli, G. M., Valentini, A., Vancura, P., Vandenbroucke, M., Van Hulse, C., Varner, G., Venugopalan, R., Vitev, I., Vladimirov, A., Volpe, G., Vossen, A., Voutier, E., Wagner, J., Wallon, S., Wang, H., Wang, Q., Wang, X., Wei, S. Y., Weiss, C., Wenaus, T., Wennlöf, H., Wickramaarachchi, N., Wikramanayake, A., Winney, D., Wong, C. P., Woody, C., Xia, L., Xiao, B. W., Xie, J., Xing, H., Xu, Q. H., Zhang, J., Zhang, S., Zhang, Z., Zhao, Z. W., Zhao, Y. X., Zheng, L., Zhou, Y., and Zurita, P.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, Nuclear Experiment, Nuclear Theory
Abstract

This report describes the physics case, the resulting detector requirements, and the evolving detector concepts for the experimental program at the Electron-Ion Collider (EIC). The EIC will be a powerful new high-luminosity facility in the United States with the capability to collide high-energy electron beams with high-energy proton and ion beams, providing access to those regions in the nucleon and nuclei where their structure is dominated by gluons. Moreover, polarized beams in the EIC will give unprecedented access to the spatial and spin structure of the proton, neutron, and light ions. The studies leading to this document were commissioned and organized by the EIC User Group with the objective of advancing the state and detail of the physics program and developing detector concepts that meet the emerging requirements in preparation for the realization of the EIC. The effort aims to provide the basis for further development of concepts for experimental equipment best suited for the science needs, including the importance of two complementary detectors and interaction regions. This report consists of three volumes. Volume I is an executive summary of our findings and developed concepts. In Volume II we describe studies of a wide range of physics measurements and the emerging requirements on detector acceptance and performance. Volume III discusses general-purpose detector concepts and the underlying technologies to meet the physics requirements. These considerations will form the basis for a world-class experimental program that aims to increase our understanding of the fundamental structure of all visible matter, Comment: 902 pages, 415 authors, 151 institutions

Published
2021
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32. Form Factors and Two-Photon Exchange in High-Energy Elastic Electron-Proton Scattering

Author

Christy, M. E., Gautam, T., Ou, L., Schmookler, B., Wang, Y., Adikaram, D., Ahmed, Z., Albataineh, H., Ali, S. F., Aljawrneh, B., Allada, K., Allison, S. L., Alsalmi, S., Androic, D., Aniol, K., Annand, J., Arrington, J., Atac, H., Averett, T., Gayoso, C. Ayerbe, Bai, X., Bane, J., Barcus, S., Bartlett, K., Bellini, V., Beminiwattha, R., Bericic, J., Bhatt, H., Bhetuwal, D., Biswas, D., Brash, E., Bulumulla, D., Camacho, C. M., Campbell, J., Camsonne, A., Carmignotto, M., Castellanos, J., Chen, C., Chen, J-P., Chetry, T., Cisbani, E., Clary, B., Cohen, E., Compton, N., Cornejo, J. C., Dusa, S. Covrig, Crowe, B., Danagoulian, S., Danley, T., Deconinck, W., Defurne, M., Desnault, C., Di, D., Dlamini, M., Duer, M., Duran, B., Ent, R., Fanelli, C., Fuchey, E., Gal, C., Gaskell, D., Georges, F., Gilad, S., Glamazdin, O., Gnanvo, K., Gramolin, A. V., Gray, V. M., Gu, C., Habarakada, A., Hague, T., Hamad, G., Hamilton, D., Hamilton, K., Hansen, O., Hauenstein, F., Hernandez, A. V., Henry, W., Higinbotham, D. W., Holmstrom, T., Horn, T., Huang, Y., Huber, G. M., Hyde, C., Ibrahim, H., Israel, N., Jen, C-M., Jin, K., Jones, M., Kabir, A., Karki, B., Keppel, C., Khachatryan, V., King, P. M., Li, S., Li, W., Liu, H., Liu, J., Liyanage, A. H., Mack, D., Magee, J., Malace, S., Mammei, J., Markowitz, P., Mayilyan, S., McClellan, E., Meddi, F., Meekins, D., Mesick, K., Michaels, R., Mkrtchyan, A., Moffit, B., Montgomery, R., Myers, L. S., Nadel-Turonski, P., Nazeer, S. J., Nelyubin, V., Nguyen, D., Nuruzzaman, N., Nycz, M., Obrecht, R. F., Ohanyan, K., Palatchi, C., Pandey, B., Park, K., Park, S., Peng, C., Persio, F. D., Pomatsalyuk, R., Pooser, E., Puckett, A. J. R., Punjabi, V., Quinn, B., Rahman, S., Rashad, M. N. H., Riordan, S., Roche, J., Sapkota, I., Sarty, A., Sawatzky, B., Saylor, N. H., Shabestari, M. H., Shahinyan, A., Sirca, S., Smith, G. R., Sooriyaarachchilage, S., Sparveris, N., Spies, R., Stefanko, A., Su, T., Subedi, A., Sulkosky, V., Sun, A., Tan, Y., Thorne, L., Ton, N., Tortorici, F., Trotta, R., Uniyal, R., Urciuoli, G. M., Voutier, E., Waidyawansa, B., Wojtsekhowski, B., Wood, S., Yan, X., Ye, L., Ye, Z. H., Yero, C., Zhang, J., Zhao, Y. X., and Zhu, P.

Subjects
Nuclear Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

We present new precision measurements of the elastic electron-proton scattering cross section for momentum transfer (Q$^2$) up to 15.75~\gevsq. Combined with existing data, these provide an improved extraction of the proton magnetic form factor at high Q$^2$ and double the range over which a longitudinal/transverse separation of the cross section can be performed. The difference between our results and polarization data agrees with that observed at lower Q$^2$ and attributed to hard two-photon exchange (TPE) effects, extending to 8~(GeV/c)$^2$ the range of Q$^2$ for which a discrepancy is established at $>$95\% confidence. We use the discrepancy to quantify the size of TPE contributions needed to explain the cross section at high Q$^2$., Comment: 7 pages, 2 figures

Published
2021
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33. Measurement of the EMC effect in light and heavy nuclei

Author

Arrington, J, Bane, J, Daniel, A, Fomin, N, Gaskell, D, Seely, J, Asaturyan, R, Benmokhtar, F, Boeglin, W, Bosted, P, Bukhari, MHS, Christy, ME, Connell, S, Dalton, MM, Day, D, Dunne, J, Dutta, D, Fassi, L El, Ent, R, Fenker, H, Gao, H, Holt, RJ, Horn, T, Hungerford, E, Jones, MK, Jourdan, J, Kalantarians, N, Keppel, CE, Kiselev, D, Lung, AF, Malace, S, Meekins, DG, Mertens, T, Mkrtchyan, H, Niculescu, G, Niculescu, I, Potterveld, DH, Perdrisat, C, Punjabi, V, Qian, X, Reimer, PE, Roche, J, Rodriguez, VM, Rondon, O, Schulte, E, Slifer, K, Smith, GR, Solvignon, P, Tadevosyan, V, Tang, L, Testa, G, Trojer, R, Tvaskis, V, Wesselmann, FR, Wood, SA, Yuan, L, and Zheng, X

Subjects
Nuclear and Plasma Physics, Synchrotrons and Accelerators, Physical Sciences, Nuclear and plasma physics
Abstract

Inclusive electron scattering from nuclear targets has been measured to extract the nuclear dependence of the inelastic cross section (σA) in Hall C at the Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator facility. Results are presented for H2, He3, He4, B9, C12, Cu63, and Au197 at an incident electron beam energy of 5.77 GeV for a range of momentum transfer from Q2 = 2 to 7 (GeV/c)2. These data improve the precision of the existing measurements of the EMC effect in the nuclear targets at large x and allow for more detailed examinations of the A dependence of the EMC effect.

Published
2021

34. Accurate Determination of the Neutron Skin Thickness of $^{208}$Pb through Parity-Violation in Electron Scattering

Author

Adhikari, D., Albataineh, H., Androic, D., Aniol, K., Armstrong, D. S., Averett, T., Barcus, S., Bellini, V., Beminiwattha, R. S., Benesch, J. F., Bhatt, H., Pathak, D. Bhatta, Bhetuwal, D., Blaikie, B., Campagna, Q., Camsonne, A., Cates, G. D., Chen, Y., Clarke, C., Cornejo, J. C., Dusa, S. Covrig, Datta, P., Deshpande, A., Dutta, D., Feldman, C., Fuchey, E., Gal, C., Gaskell, D., Gautam, T., Gayoso, C. Ayerbe, Gericke, M., Ghosh, C., Halilovic, I., Hansen, J. -O., Hauenstein, F., Henry, W., Horowitz, C. J., Jantzi, C., Jian, S., Johnston, S., Jones, D. C., Karki, B., Katugampola, S., Keppel, C., King, P. M., King, D. E., Knauss, M., Kumar, K. S., Kutz, T., Lashley-Colthirst, N., Leverick, G., Liu, H., Liyange, N., Malace, S., Mammei, R., Mammei, J., McCaughan, M., McNulty, D., Meekins, D., Metts, C., Michaels, R., Mondal, M. M., Napolitano, J., Narayan, A., Nikolaev, D., Rashad, M. N. H., Owen, V., Palatchi, C., Pan, 14 J., Pandey, B., Park, S., Paschke, K. D., Petrusky, M., Pitt, M. L., Premathilake, S., Puckett, A. J. R., Quinn, B., Radloff, R., Rahman, S., Rathnayake, A., Reed, B. T., Reimer, P. E., Richards, R., Riordan, S., Roblin, Y., Seeds, S., Shahinyan, A., Souder, P., Tang, L., Thiel, 16 M., Tian, Y., Urciuoli, G. M., Wertz, E. W., Wojtsekhowski, B., Yale, B., Ye, T., Yoon, A., Zec, A., Zhang, W., Zhang, J., and Zheng, X.

Subjects
Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

We report a precision measurement of the parity-violating asymmetry $A_{PV}$ in the elastic scattering of longitudinally polarized electrons from $^{208}$Pb. We measure $A_{PV}=550\pm 16 {\rm (stat)}\pm 8\ {\rm (syst)}$ parts per billion, leading to an extraction of the neutral weak form factor $F_W(Q^2 = 0.00616\ {\rm GeV}^2) = 0.368 \pm 0.013$. Combined with our previous measurement, the extracted neutron skin thickness is $R_n-R_p=0.283 \pm 0.071$~fm. The result also yields the first significant direct measurement of the interior weak density of $^{208}$Pb: $\rho^0_W = -0.0796\pm0.0036\ {\rm (exp.)}\pm0.0013\ {\rm (theo.)}\ {\rm fm}^{-3}$ leading to the interior baryon density $\rho^0_b = 0.1480\pm0.0036\ {\rm (exp.)}\pm0.0013\ {\rm (theo.)}\ {\rm fm}^{-3}$. The measurement accurately constrains the density dependence of the symmetry energy of nuclear matter near saturation density, with implications for the size and composition of neutron stars.

Published
2021
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35. Spectroscopy of $A=9$ hyperlithium by the $(e,e^{\prime}K^{+})$ reaction

Author

Gogami, T., Chen, C., Kawama, D., Achenbach, P., Ahmidouch, A., Albayrak, I., Androic, D., Asaturyan, A., Asaturyan, R., Ates, O., Baturin, P., Badui, R., Boeglin, W., Bono, J., Brash, E., Carter, P., Chiba, A., Christy, E., Danagoulian, S., De Leo, R., Doi, D., Elaasar, M., Ent, R., Fujii, Y., Fujita, M., Furic, M., Gabrielyan, M., Gan, L., Garibaldi, F., Gaskell, D., Gasparian, A., Han, Y., Hashimoto, O., Horn, T., Hu, B., Hungerford, Ed. V., Jones, M., Kanda, H., Kaneta, M., Kato, S., Kawai, M., Khanal, H., Kohl, M., Liyanage, A., Luo, W., Maeda, K., Margaryan, A., Markowitz, P., Maruta, T., Matsumura, A., Maxwell, V., Meekins, D., Mkrtchyan, A., Mkrtchyan, H., Nagao, S., Nakamura, S. N., Narayan, A., Neville, C., Niculescu, G., Niculescu, M. I., Nunez, A., Nuruzzaman, Okayasu, Y., Petkovic, T., Pochodzalla, J., Qiu, X., Reinhold, J., Rodriguez, V. M., Samanta, C., Sawatzky, B., Seva, T., Shichijo, A., Tadevosyan, V., Tang, L., Taniya, N., Tsukada, K., Veilleux, M., Vulcan, W., Wesselmann, F. R., Wood, S. A., Yamamoto, T., Ya, L., Ye, Z., Yokota, K., Yuan, L., Zhamkochyan, S., and Zhu, L.

Subjects
Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

Missing mass spectroscopy with the $(e,e^{\prime}K^{+})$ reaction was performed at Jefferson Laboratory's Hall C for the neutron rich $\Lambda$ hypernucleus $^{9}_{\Lambda}{\rm Li}$. The ground state energy was obtained to be $B_{\Lambda}^{\rm g.s.}=8.84\pm0.17^{\rm stat.}\pm0.15^{\rm sys.}~{\rm MeV}$ by using shell model calculations of a cross section ratio and an energy separation of the spin doublet states ($3/2^{+}_1$ and $5/2^{+}_1$). In addition, peaks that are considered to be states of [$^{8}{\rm Li}(3^{+})\otimes s_{\Lambda}=3/2^{+}_{2}, 1/2^{+}$] and [$^{8}{\rm Li}(1^{+})\otimes s_{\Lambda}=5/2^{+}_{2}, 7/2^{+}$] were observed at $E_{\Lambda}({\rm no.~2})=1.74\pm0.27^{\rm stat.}\pm0.11^{\rm sys.}~{\rm MeV}$ and $E_{\Lambda}({\rm no.~3})=3.30\pm0.24^{\rm stat.}\pm0.11^{\rm sys.}~{\rm MeV}$, respectively. The $E_{\Lambda}({\rm no.~3})$ is larger than shell model predictions by a few hundred keV, and the difference would indicate that a ${\rm ^{5}He}+t$ structure is more developed for the $3^{+}$ state than those for the $2^{+}$ and $1^{+}$ states in a core nucleus $^{8}{\rm Li}$ as a cluster model calculation suggests., Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures

Published
2021
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36. Deep Exclusive Electroproduction of π0 at High Q2 in the Quark Valence Regime

Author

Dlamini, M, Karki, B, Ali, SF, Lin, P-J, Georges, F, Ko, H-S, Israel, N, Rashad, MNH, Stefanko, A, Adikaram, D, Ahmed, Z, Albataineh, H, Aljawrneh, B, Allada, K, Allison, S, Alsalmi, S, Androic, D, Aniol, K, Annand, J, Atac, H, Averett, T, Ayerbe Gayoso, C, Bai, X, Bane, J, Barcus, S, Bartlett, K, Bellini, V, Beminiwattha, R, Bericic, J, Biswas, D, Brash, E, Bulumulla, D, Campbell, J, Camsonne, A, Carmignotto, M, Castellano, J, Chen, C, Chen, J-P, Chetry, T, Christy, ME, Cisbani, E, Clary, B, Cohen, E, Compton, N, Cornejo, JC, Covrig Dusa, S, Crowe, B, Danagoulian, S, Danley, T, De Persio, F, Deconinck, W, Defurne, M, Desnault, C, Di, D, Duer, M, Duran, B, Ent, R, Fanelli, C, Franklin, G, Fuchey, E, Gal, C, Gaskell, D, Gautam, T, Glamazdin, O, Gnanvo, K, Gray, VM, Gu, C, Hague, T, Hamad, G, Hamilton, D, Hamilton, K, Hansen, O, Hauenstein, F, Henry, W, Higinbotham, DW, Holmstrom, T, Horn, T, Huang, Y, Huber, GM, Hyde, C, Ibrahim, H, Jen, C-M, Jin, K, Jones, M, Kabir, A, Keppel, C, Khachatryan, V, King, PM, Li, S, Li, W, Liu, J, Liu, H, Liyanage, A, Magee, J, Malace, S, Mammei, J, Markowitz, P, McClellan, E, Meddi, F, and Meekins, D

Subjects
Jefferson Lab Hall A Collaboration, Mathematical Sciences, Physical Sciences, Engineering, General Physics
Abstract

We report measurements of the exclusive neutral pion electroproduction cross section off protons at large values of x_{B} (0.36, 0.48, and 0.60) and Q^{2} (3.1 to 8.4  GeV^{2}) obtained from Jefferson Lab Hall A experiment E12-06-014. The corresponding structure functions dσ_{T}/dt+εdσ_{L}/dt, dσ_{TT}/dt, dσ_{LT}/dt, and dσ_{LT^{'}}/dt are extracted as a function of the proton momentum transfer t-t_{min}. The results suggest the amplitude for transversely polarized virtual photons continues to dominate the cross section throughout this kinematic range. The data are well described by calculations based on transversity generalized parton distributions coupled to a helicity flip distribution amplitude of the pion, thus providing a unique way to probe the structure of the nucleon.

Published
2021

37. Determining the gluonic gravitational form factors of the proton

Author

Duran, B., Meziani, Z.-E., Joosten, S., Jones, M. K., Prasad, S., Peng, C., Armstrong, W., Atac, H., Chudakov, E., Bhatt, H., Bhetuwal, D., Boer, M., Camsonne, A., Chen, J.-P., Dalton, M. M., Deokar, N., Diefenthaler, M., Dunne, J., El Fassi, L., Fuchey, E., Gao, H., Gaskell, D., Hansen, O., Hauenstein, F., Higinbotham, D., Jia, S., Karki, A., Keppel, C., King, P., Ko, H. S., Li, X., Li, R., Mack, D., Malace, S., McCaughan, M., McClellan, R. E., Michaels, R., Meekins, D., Paolone, Michael, Pentchev, L., Pooser, E., Puckett, A., Radloff, R., Rehfuss, M., Reimer, P. E., Riordan, S., Sawatzky, B., Smith, A., Sparveris, N., Szumila-Vance, H., Wood, S., Xie, J., Ye, Z., Yero, C., and Zhao, Z.

Published
2023
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38. Deep exclusive electroproduction of $\pi^0$ at high $Q^2$ in the quark valence regime

Author

The Jefferson Lab Hall A Collaboration, Dlamini, M., Karki, B., Ali, S. F., Lin, P-J., Georges, F., Ko, H-S, Israel, N., Rashad, M. N. H., Stefanko, A., Adikaram, D., Ahmed, Z., Albataineh, H., Aljawrneh, B., Allada, K., Allison, S., Alsalmi, S., Androic, D., Aniol, K., Annand, J., Atac, H., Averett, T., Gayoso, C. Ayerbe, Bai, X., Bane, J., Barcus, S., Bartlett, K., Bellini, V., Beminiwattha, R., Bericic, J., Biswas, D., Brash, E., Bulumulla, D., Campbell, J., Camsonne, A., Carmignotto, M., Castellano, J., Chen, C., Chen, J-P., Chetry, T., Christy, M. E., Cisbani, E., Clary, B., Cohen, E., Compton, N., Cornejo, J. C., Dusa, S. Covrig, Crowe, B., Danagoulian, S., Danley, T., De Persio, F., Deconinck, W., Defurne, M., Desnault, C., Di, D., Duer, M., Duran, B., Ent, R., Fanelli, C., Franklin, G., Fuchey, E., Gal, C., Gaskell, D., Gautam, T., Glamazdin, O., Gnanvo, K., Gray, V. M., Gu, C., Hague, T., Hamad, G., Hamilton, D., Hamilton, K., Hansen, O., Hauenstein, F., Henry, W., Higinbotham, D. W., Holmstrom, T., Horn, T., Huang, Y., Huber, G. M., Hyde, C., Ibrahim, H., Jen, C-M., Jin, K., Jones, M., Kabir, A., Keppel, C., Khachatryan, V., King, P. M., Li, S., Li, W., Liu, J., Liu, H., Liyanage, A., Magee, J., Malace, S., Mammei, J., Markowitz, P., McClellan, E., Meddi, F., Meekins, D., Mesik, K., Michaels, R., Mkrtchyan, A., Montgomery, R., Camacho, C. Munoz, Myers, L. S., Nadel-Turonski, P., Nazeer, S. J., Nelyubin, V., Nguyen, D., Nuruzzaman, N., Nycz, M., Obretch, O. F., Ou, L., Palatchi, C., Pandey, B., Park, S., Park, K., Peng, C., Pomatsalyuk, R., Pooser, E., Puckett, A. J. R., Punjabi, V., Quinn, B., Rahman, S., Reimer, P. E., Roche, J., Sapkota, I., Sarty, A., Sawatzky, B., Saylor, N. H., Schmookler, B., Shabestari, M. H., Shahinyan, A., Sirca, S., Smith, G. R., Sooriyaarachchilage, S., Sparveris, N., Spies, R., Su, T., Subedi, A., Sulkosky, V., Sun, A., Thorne, L., Tian, Y., Ton, N., Tortorici, F., Trotta, R., Urciuoli, G. M., Voutier, E., Waidyawansa, B., Wang, Y., Wojtsekhowski, B., Wood, S., Yan, X., Ye, L., Ye, Z., Yero, C., Zhang, J., Zhao, Y., and Zhu, P.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

We report measurements of the exclusive neutral pion electroproduction cross section off protons at large values of $x_B$ (0.36, 0.48 and 0.60) and $Q^2$ (3.1 to 8.4 GeV$^2$) obtained from Jefferson Lab Hall A experiment E12-06-014. The corresponding structure functions $d\sigma_L/dt+\epsilon d\sigma_T/dt$, $d\sigma_{TT}/dt$, $d\sigma_{LT}/dt$ and $d\sigma_{LT'}/dt$ are extracted as a function of the proton momentum transfer $t-t_{min}$. The results suggest the amplitude for transversely polarized virtual photons continues to dominate the cross-section throughout this kinematic range. The data are well described by calculations based on transversity Generalized Parton Distributions coupled to a helicity flip Distribution Amplitude of the pion, thus providing a unique way to probe the structure of the nucleon.

Published
2020
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39. Ruling out color transparency in quasi-elastic $^{12}$C(e,e'p) up to $Q^2$ of 14.2 (GeV/c)$^2$

Author

Bhetuwal, D., Matter, J., Szumila-Vance, H., Kabir, M. L., Dutta, D., Ent, R., Abrams, D., Ahmed, Z., Aljawrneh, B., Alsalmi, S., Ambrose, R., Androic, D., Armstrong, W., Asaturyan, A., Assumin-Gyimah, K., Gayoso, C. Ayerbe, Bandari, A., Basnet, S., Berdnikov, V., Bhatt, H., Biswas, D., Boeglin, W. U., Bosted, P., Brash, E., Bukhari, M. H. S., Chen, H., Chen, J. P., Chen, M., Christy, E. M., Covrig, S., Craycraft, K., Danagoulian, S., Day, D., Diefenthaler, M., Dlamini, M., Dunne, J., Duran, B., Evans, R., Fenker, H., Fomin, N., Fuchey, E., Gaskell, D., Gautam, T. N., Gonzalez, F. A., Hansen, J. O., Hauenstein, F., Hernandez, A. V., Horn, T., Huber, G. M., Jones, M. K., Joosten, S., Karki, A., Keppel, C., Khanal, A., King, P. M., Kinney, E., Ko, H. S., Kohl, M., Lashley-Colthirst, N., Li, S., Li, W. B., Liyanage, A. H., Mack, D., Malace, S., Markowitz, P., Meekins, D., Michaels, R., Mkrtchyan, A., Mkrtchyan, H., Nazeer, S. J., Nanda, S., Niculescu, G., Niculescu, I., Nguyen, D., Nuruzzaman, Pandey, B., Park, S., Pooser, E., Puckett, A., Rehfuss, M., Reinhold, J., Santiesteban, N., Sawatzky, B., Smith, G. R., Sun, A., Tadevosyan, V., Trotta, R., Wood, S. A., Yero, C., and Zhang, J.

Subjects
Nuclear Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear Theory
Abstract

Quasielastic $^{12}$C$(e,e'p)$ scattering was measured at space-like 4-momentum transfer squared $Q^2$~=~8, 9.4, 11.4, and 14.2 (GeV/c)$^2$, the highest ever achieved to date. Nuclear transparency for this reaction was extracted by comparing the measured yield to that expected from a plane-wave impulse approximation calculation without any final state interactions. The measured transparency was consistent with no $Q^2$ dependence, up to proton momenta of 8.5~GeV/c, ruling out the quantum chromodynamics effect of color transparency at the measured $Q^2$ scales in exclusive $(e,e'p)$ reactions. These results impose strict constraints on models of color transparency for protons., Comment: 5 pages, 2 figures

Published
2020
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40. Backward-angle Exclusive pi0 Production above the Resonance Region

Author

Li, W. B., Huber, G. M., Stevens, J. R., Semenov-Tian-Shansky, K., Szymanowski, L., Pire, B., Amaryan, M., Androic, D., Aniol, K., Armstrong, D., Averett, T., Gayoso, C. Ayerbe, Boeglin, W., Boer, M., Camsonne, A., Chen, J., Dusa, S. Covrig, Deconinck, W., Defurne, M., Delcarro, F., Diefenthaler, M., Diehl, S., Elaasar, M., Fanelli, C., Fegan, S., Fuchey, E., Gaskell, D., Hansen, O., Hauenstein, F., Higinbotham, D., Blin, A. Hiller, Hurley, A., Hyde, C., Joo, K., Junaid, M., Kalantarians, N., Kay, S., Khachatryan, M., King, P., Kumar, V., Lersch, D., Lorenti, L., Markowitz, P., McCaughan, M., Mkrtchyan, A., Mkrtchyan, H., Niculescu, G., Niculescu, I., Papandreou, Z., Paremuzyan, R., Park, K., Paudyal, D., Roche, J., Rodas, A., Sawatzky, B., Schertz, A., Smith, G., Strakovsky, I., Tadevosyan, V., Usman, A., Voskanyan, H., and Yero, C.

Subjects
Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

The proposed measurement is a dedicated study of the exclusive electroproduction process,1H(e,e'p)pi0, in the backward-angle regime (u-channel process) above the resonance region. The produced pi0 is emitted 180 degrees opposite to the virtual-photon momentum. This study also aims to apply the well-known Rosenbluth separation technique that provides the model-independent differential cross-sections at the never explored u-channel kinematics region. Currently, the "soft-hard transition" in u-channel meson production remains an interesting and unexplored subject. The available theoretical frameworks offer competing interpretations for the observed backward-angle cross section peaks. In a "soft" hadronic Regge exchange description, the backward meson production comes from the interference between nucleon exchange and the meson produced via re-scattering within the nucleon. Whereas in the "hard" GPD-like backward collinear factorization regime, the scattering amplitude factorizes into a hard subprocess amplitude and baryon to meson transition distribution amplitudes (TDAs), otherwise known as super skewed parton distributions (SuperSPDs). Both TDAs and SPDs are universal non-perturbative objects of nucleon structure accessible only through backward-angle kinematics. The separated cross sections:sigma_T,sigma_L and T/L ratio at Q2=2-6 GeV2, provide a direct test of two predictions from the TDA model. The magnitude and u-dependence of the separated cross sections also provide a direct connection to the re-scattering Regge picture. The extracted interaction radius (from u-dependence) at different Q2 can be used to study the soft-hard transition in the u-channel kinematics. The acquisition of these data will be an important step forward in validating the existence of a backward factorization scheme of the nucleon structure function and establishing its applicable kinematic range.

Published
2020

41. An experimental program with high duty-cycle polarized and unpolarized positron beams at Jefferson Lab

Author

Accardi, A., Afanasev, A., Albayrak, I., Ali, S. F., Amaryan, M., Annand, J. R. M., Arrington, J., Asaturyan, A., Atac, H., Avakian, H., Averett, T., Gayoso, C. Ayerbe, Bai, X., Barion, L., Battaglieri, M., Bellini, V., Beminiwattha, R., Benmokhtar, F., Berdnikov, V. V., Bernauer, J. C., Bertone, V., Bianconi, A., Biselli, A., Bisio, P., Blunden, P., Boer, M., Bondì, M., Brinkmann, K. -T., Briscoe, W. J., Burkert, V., Cao, T., Camsonne, A., Capobianco, R., Cardman, L., Carmignotto, M., Caudron, M., Causse, L., Celentano, A., Chatagnon, P., Chen, J. -P., Chetry, T., Ciullo, G., Cline, E., Cole, P. L., Contalbrigo, M., Costantini, G., D'Angelo, A., Darmé, L., Day, D., Defurne, M., De Napoli, M., Deur, A., De Vita, R., D'Hose, N., Diehl, S., Diefenthaler, M., Dongwi, B., Dupré, R., Dutrieux, H., Dutta, D., Ehrhart, M., Fassi, L. El, Elouadrhiri, L., Ent, R., Erler, J., Fernando, I. P., Filippi, A., Flay, D., Forest, T., Fuchey, E., Fucini, S., Furletova, Y., Gao, H., Gaskell, D., Gasparian, A., Gautam, T., Girod, F. -X., Gnanvo, K., Grames, J., Grauvoge, G. N., Gueye, P., Guidal, M., Habet, S., Hague, T. J., Hamilton, D. J., Hansen, O., Hasell, D., Hattawy, M., Higinbotham, D. W., Hobart, A., Horn, T., Hyde, C. E., Ibrahim, H., Ilyichev, A., Italiano, A., Joo, K., Joosten, S. J., Khachatryan, V., Kalantarians, N., Kalicy, G., Karky, B., Keller, D., Keppel, C., Kerver, M., Khandaker, M., Kim, A., Kim, J., King, P. M., Kinney, E., Klimenko, V., Ko, H. -S., Kohl, M., Kozhuharov, V., Kriesten, B. T., Krnjaic, G., Kubarovsky, V., Kutz, T., Lanza, L., Leali, M., Lenisa, P., Liyanage, N., Liu, Q., Liuti, S., Mammei, J., Mantry, S., Marchand, D., Markowitz, P., Marsicano, L., Mascagna, V., Mazouz, M., McCaughan, M., McKinnon, B., McNulty, D., Melnitchouk, W., Metz, A., Meziani, Z. -E., Migliorati, S., Mihovilovic, M., Milner, R., Mkrtchyan, A., Mkrtchyan, H., Movsisyan, A., Moutarde, H., Muhoza, M., Camacho, C. Muñoz, Murphy, J., Nadel-Turonski, P., Nardi, E., Nazeer, J., Niccolai, S., Niculescu, G., Novotny, R., Owens, J. F., Paolone, M., Pappalardo, L., Paremuzyan, R., Pasquini, B., Pasyuk, E., Patel, T., Pegg, I., Peng, C., Perera, D., Poelker, M., Price, K., Puckett, A. J. R., Raggi, M., Randazzo, N., Rashad, M. N. H., Rathnayake, M., Raue, B., Reimer, P. E., Rinaldi, M., Rizzo, A., Roblin, Y., Roche, J., Rondon-Aramayo, O., Sabatié, F., Salmè, G., Santopinto, E., Estrada, R. Santos, Sawatzky, B., Schmidt, A., Schweitzer, P., Scopetta, S., Sergeyeva, V., Shabestari, M., Shahinyan, A., Sharabian, Y., Širca, S., Smith, E. S., Sokhan, D., Somov, A., Sparveris, N., Spata, M., Spiesberger, H., Spreafico, M., Stepanyan, S., Stoler, P., Strakovsky, I., Suleiman, R., Suresh, M., Sznajder, P., Szumila-Vance, H., Tadevosyan, V., Tadepalli, A. S., Thomas, A. W., Tiefenback, M., Trotta, R., Ungaro, M., Valente, P., Vanderhaeghen, M., Venturelli, L., Voskanyan, H., Voutier, E., Wojtsekhowski, B., Wood, M. H., Wood, S., Xie, J., Xiong, W., Ye, Z., Yurov, M., Zaunick, H. -G., Zhamkochyan, S., Zhang, J., Zhang, S., Zhao, S., Zhao, Z. W., Zheng, X., Zhou, J., and Zorn, C.

Subjects
Nuclear Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract

Positron beams, both polarized and unpolarized, are identified as essential ingredients for the experimental programs at the next generation of lepton accelerators. In the context of the hadronic physics program at Jefferson Lab (JLab), positron beams are complementary, even essential, tools for a precise understanding of the electromagnetic structure of nucleons and nuclei, in both the elastic and deep-inelastic regimes. For instance, elastic scattering of polarized and unpolarized electrons and positrons from the nucleon enables a model independent determination of its electromagnetic form factors. Also, the deeply-virtual scattering of polarized and unpolarized electrons and positrons allows unambiguous separation of the different contributions to the cross section of the lepto-production of photons and of lepton-pairs, enabling an accurate determination of the nucleons and nuclei generalized parton distributions, and providing an access to the gravitational form factors. Furthermore, positron beams offer the possibility of alternative tests of the Standard Model of particle physics through the search of a dark photon, the precise measurement of electroweak couplings, and the investigation of charged lepton flavor violation. This document discusses the perspectives of an experimental program with high duty-cycle positron beams at JLab., Comment: 18 pages, 7 figures This version superseeds the previous version which scientific content was decomposed into several more elaborated articles. All of these articles will be collected in the EPJ A Topical Issue about "Positron beam and physics at Jefferson Lab (e+@Jlab)"

Published
2020
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42. Precision Measurement of the Beam-Normal Single-Spin Asymmetry in Forward-Angle Elastic Electron-Proton Scattering

Author

QWeak collaboration, Androic, D., Armstrong, D. S., Asaturyan, A., Bartlett, K., Beaufait, J., Beminiwattha, R. S., Benesch, J., Benmokhtar, F., Birchall, J., Carlini, R. D., Cornejo, J. C., Dusa, S. Covrig, Dalton, M. M., Davis, C. A., Deconinck, W., Dowd, J. F., Dunne, J. A., Dutta, D., Duvall, W. S., Elaasar, M., Falk, W. R., Finn, J. M., Forest, T., Gal, C., Gaskell, D., Gericke, M. T. W., Grames, J., Gray, V. M., Grimm, K., Guo, F., Hoskins, J. R., Jones, D., Jones, M. K., Jones, R. T., Kargiantoulakis, M., King, P. M., Korkmaz, E., Kowalski, S., Leacock, J., Leckey, J. P., Lee, A. R., Lee, J. H., Lee, L., MacEwan, S., Mack, D., Magee, J. A., Mahurin, R., Mammei, J., Martin, J. W., McHugh, M. J., Meekins, D., Mei, J., Mesick, K. E., Michaels, R., Micherdzinska, A., Mkrtchyan, A., Mkrtchyan, H., Morgan, N., Narayan, A., Ndukum, L. Z., Nelyubin, V., Nuruzzaman, van Oers, W. T. H, Owen, V. F., Page, S. A., Pan, J., Paschke, K. D., Phillips, S. K., Pitt, M. L., Radloff, R. W., Rajotte, J. F., Ramsay, W. D., Roche, J., Sawatzky, B., Seva, T., Shabestari, M. H., Silwal, R., Simicevic, N., Smith, G. R., Solvignon, P., Spayde, D. T., Subedi, A., Subedi, R., Suleiman, R., Tadevosyan, V., Tobias, W. A., Tvaskis, V., Waidyawansa, B., Wang, P., Wells, S. P., Wood, S. A., Yang, S., Zang, P., and Zhamkochyan, S.

Subjects
Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

A beam-normal single-spin asymmetry generated in the scattering of transversely polarized electrons from unpolarized nucleons is an observable related to the imaginary part of the two-photon exchange process. We report a 2% precision measurement of the beam-normal single-spin asymmetry in elastic electron-proton scattering with a mean scattering angle of theta_lab = 7.9 degrees and a mean energy of 1.149 GeV. The asymmetry result is B_n = -5.194 +- 0.067 (stat) +- 0.082 (syst) ppm. This is the most precise measurement of this quantity available to date and therefore provides a stringent test of two-photon exchange models at far-forward scattering angles (theta_lab -> 0) where they should be most reliable., Comment: 6 pages, 3 figures; Slightly revised version, after referee's comments; accepted in PRL

Published
2020
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43. Novel observation of isospin structure of short-range correlations in calcium isotopes

Author

Nguyen, D., Ye, Z., Aguilera, P., Ahmed, Z., Albataineh, H., Allada, K., Anderson, B., Anez, D., Aniol, K., Annand, J., Arrington, J., Averett, T., Baghdasaryan, H., Bai, X., Beck, A., Beck, S., Bellini, V., Benmokhtar, F., Camsonne, A., Chen, C., Chen, J. -P., Chirapatpimol, K., Cisbani, E., Dalton, M. M., Daniel, A., Day, D., Deconinck, W., Defurne, M., Flay, D., Fomin, N., Friend, M., Frullani, S., Fuchey, E., Garibaldi, F., Gaskell, D., Gilad, S., Gilman, R., Glamazdin, S., Gu, C., Guèye, P., Hanretty, C., Hansen, J. -O., Shabestari, M. Hashemi, Higinbotham, D. W., Huang, M., Iqbal, S., Jin, G., Kalantarians, N., Kang, H., her, A. Kelle, Korover, I., LeRose, J., Leckey, J., Li, S., Lindgren, R., Long, E., Mammei, J., Margaziotis, D. J., Markowitz, P., Meekins, D., Meziani, Z. -E., Michaels, R., Mihovilovi\v, M., Muangma, N., Camacho, C. Munoz, Norum, B. E., Nuruzzaman, Pan, K., Phillips, S., Piasetzky, E., Pomerantz, I., Posik, M., Punjabi, V., Qian, X., Qiang, Y., Qiu, X., Reimer, P. E., Rakhman, A., Riordan, S., Ron, G., Rondon-Aramayo, O., Saha, A., Selvy, L., Shahinyan, A., Shneor, R., \v, S., Slifer, K., Solvignon, P., Sparveris, N., Subedi, R., Sulkosky, V., Wang, D., Watson, J. W., Weinstein, L. B., Wojtsekhowski, B., Wood, S. A., Yaron, I., Zhan, X., Zhang, J., Zhang, Y. W., Zhao, B., Zheng, X., Zhu, P., and Zielinski, R.

Subjects
Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

Short Range Correlations (SRCs) have been identified as being responsible for the high momentum tail of the nucleon momentum distribution, n(k). Hard, short-range interactions of nucleon pairs generate the high momentum tail and imprint a universal character on n(k) for all nuclei at large momentum. Triple coincidence experiments have shown a strong dominance of np pairs, but these measurements involve large final state interactions. This paper presents the results from Jefferson Lab experiment E08014 which measured inclusive electron scattering cross-section from Ca isotopes. By comparing the inclusive cross section from 48Ca to 40Ca in a kinematic region dominated by SRCs we provide a new way to study the isospin structure of SRCs., Comment: 7 pages, 3 figures

Published
2020
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44. An experimental program with high duty-cycle polarized and unpolarized positron beams at Jefferson Lab

Author

Accardi, A, Afanasev, A, Albayrak, I, Ali, SF, Amaryan, M, Annand, JRM, Arrington, J, Asaturyan, A, Atac, H, Avakian, H, Averett, T, Gayoso, C Ayerbe, Bai, X, Barion, L, Battaglieri, M, Bellini, V, Beminiwattha, R, Benmokhtar, F, Berdnikov, VV, Bernauer, JC, Bertone, V, Bianconi, A, Biselli, A, Bisio, P, Blunden, P, Boer, M, Bondì, M, Brinkmann, K-T, Briscoe, WJ, Burkert, V, Cao, T, Camsonne, A, Capobianco, R, Cardman, L, Carmignotto, M, Caudron, M, Causse, L, Celentano, A, Chatagnon, P, Chen, J-P, Chetry, T, Ciullo, G, Cline, E, Cole, PL, Contalbrigo, M, Costantini, G, D’Angelo, A, Darmé, L, Day, D, Defurne, M, De Napoli, M, Deur, A, De Vita, R, D’Hose, N, Diehl, S, Diefenthaler, M, Dongwi, B, Dupré, R, Dutrieux, H, Dutta, D, Ehrhart, M, El Fassi, L, Elouadrhiri, L, Ent, R, Erler, J, Fernando, IP, Filippi, A, Flay, D, Forest, T, Fuchey, E, Fucini, S, Furletova, Y, Gao, H, Gaskell, D, Gasparian, A, Gautam, T, Girod, F-X, Gnanvo, K, Grames, J, Grauvogel, GN, Gueye, P, Guidal, M, Habet, S, Hague, TJ, Hamilton, DJ, Hansen, O, Hasell, D, Hattawy, M, Higinbotham, DW, Hobart, A, Horn, T, Hyde, CE, Ibrahim, H, Ilyichev, A, Italiano, A, Joo, K, Joosten, SJ, Khachatryan, V, Kalantarians, N, and Kalicy, G

Subjects
Nuclear and Plasma Physics, Particle and High Energy Physics, Synchrotrons and Accelerators, Physical Sciences, Atomic, Molecular, Nuclear, Particle and Plasma Physics, Nuclear & Particles Physics, Nuclear and plasma physics, Particle and high energy physics, Synchrotrons and accelerators
Abstract

Positron beams, both polarized and unpolarized, are identified as important ingredients for the experimental programs at the next generation of lepton accelerators. In the context of the hadronic physics program at Jefferson Lab (JLab), positron beams are complementary, even essential, tools for a precise understanding of the electromagnetic structure of nucleons and nuclei, in both the elastic and deep-inelastic regimes. For instance, elastic scattering of polarized and unpolarized electrons and positrons from the nucleon enables a model independent determination of its electromagnetic form factors. Also, the deeply-virtual scattering of polarized and unpolarized electrons and positrons allows unambiguous separation of the different contributions to the cross section of the lepto-production of photons and of lepton-pairs, enabling an accurate determination of the nucleons and nuclei generalized parton distributions, and providing an access to the gravitational form factors of the energy-momentum tensor. Furthermore, positron beams offer the possibility of alternative tests of the Standard Model of particle physics through the search of a dark photon, the precise measurement of electroweak couplings, and the investigation of charged lepton flavor violation. This document discusses the perspectives of an experimental program with high duty-cycle positron beams at JLab.

Published
2021

45. Measurement of the beam-normal single-spin asymmetry for elastic electron scattering from C12 and Al27

Author

Androić, D, Armstrong, DS, Asaturyan, A, Bartlett, K, Beminiwattha, RS, Benesch, J, Benmokhtar, F, Birchall, J, Carlini, RD, Christy, ME, Cornejo, JC, Dusa, S Covrig, Dalton, MM, Davis, CA, Deconinck, W, Dowd, JF, Dunne, JA, Dutta, D, Duvall, WS, Elaasar, M, Falk, WR, Finn, JM, Forest, T, Gal, C, Gaskell, D, Gericke, MTW, Gray, VM, Guo, F, Hoskins, JR, Jones, DC, Kargiantoulakis, M, King, PM, Korkmaz, E, Kowalski, S, Leacock, J, Leckey, JP, Lee, AR, Lee, JH, Lee, L, MacEwan, S, Mack, D, Magee, JA, Mahurin, R, Mammei, J, Martin, JW, McHugh, MJ, Meekins, D, Mesick, KE, Michaels, R, Mkrtchyan, A, Mkrtchyan, H, Narayan, A, Ndukum, LZ, Nelyubin, V, Nuruzzaman, van Oers, WTH, Owen, VF, Page, SA, Pan, J, Paschke, KD, Phillips, SK, Pitt, ML, Radloff, RW, Rajotte, JF, Ramsay, WD, Roche, J, Sawatzky, B, Seva, T, Shabestari, MH, Silwal, R, Simicevic, N, Smith, GR, Solvignon, P, Spayde, DT, Subedi, A, Subedi, R, Suleiman, R, Tadevosyan, V, Tobias, WA, Tvaskis, V, Waidyawansa, B, Wang, P, Wells, SP, Wood, SA, Zang, P, and Zhamkochyan, S

Subjects
Clinical Research, nucl-ex
Abstract

We report measurements of the parity-conserving beam-normal single-spinelastic scattering asymmetries $B_n$ on $^{12}$C and $^{27}$Al, obtained withan electron beam polarized transverse to its momentum direction. Thesemeasurements add an additional kinematic point to a series of previousmeasurements of $B_n$ on $^{12}$C and provide a first measurement on $^{27}$Al.The experiment utilized the Qweak apparatus at Jefferson Lab with a beam energyof 1.158 GeV. The average lab scattering angle for both targets was 7.7degrees, and the average $Q^2$ for both targets was 0.02437 GeV$^2$ (Q=0.1561GeV). The asymmetries are $B_n$ = -10.68 $\pm$ 0.90 stat) $\pm$ 0.57 (syst) ppmfor $^{12}$C and $B_n$ = -12.16 $\pm$ 0.58 (stat) $\pm$ 0.62 (syst) ppm for$^{27}$Al. The results are consistent with theoretical predictions, and arecompared to existing data. When scaled by Z/A, the Q-dependence of all thefar-forward angle (theta < 10 degrees) data from $^{1}$H to $^{27}$Al can bedescribed by the same slope out to $Q \approx 0.35$ GeV. Larger-angle data fromother experiments in the same Q range are consistent with a slope about twiceas steep.

Published
2021

46. Form Factors and Two-Photon Exchange in High-Energy Elastic Electron-Proton Scattering

Author

Christy, ME, Gautam, T, Ou, L, Schmookler, B, Wang, Y, Adikaram, D, Ahmed, Z, Albataineh, H, Ali, SF, Aljawrneh, B, Allada, K, Allison, SL, Alsalmi, S, Androic, D, Aniol, K, Annand, J, Arrington, J, Atac, H, Averett, T, Gayoso, C Ayerbe, Bai, X, Bane, J, Barcus, S, Bartlett, K, Bellini, V, Beminiwattha, R, Bericic, J, Bhatt, H, Bhetuwal, D, Biswas, D, Brash, E, Bulumulla, D, Camacho, CM, Campbell, J, Camsonne, A, Carmignotto, M, Castellanos, J, Chen, C, Chen, J-P, Chetry, T, Cisbani, E, Clary, B, Cohen, E, Compton, N, Cornejo, JC, Dusa, S Covrig, Crowe, B, Danagoulian, S, Danley, T, Deconinck, W, Defurne, M, Desnault, C, Di, D, Dlamini, M, Duer, M, Duran, B, Ent, R, Fanelli, C, Fuchey, E, Gal, C, Gaskell, D, Georges, F, Gilad, S, Glamazdin, O, Gnanvo, K, Gramolin, AV, Gray, VM, Gu, C, Habarakada, A, Hague, T, Hamad, G, Hamilton, D, Hamilton, K, Hansen, O, Hauenstein, F, Hernandez, AV, Henry, W, Higinbotham, DW, Holmstrom, T, Horn, T, Huang, Y, Huber, GM, Hyde, C, Ibrahim, H, Israel, N, Jen, C-M, Jin, K, Jones, M, Kabir, A, Karki, B, Keppel, C, Khachatryan, V, King, PM, Li, S, Li, W, Liu, H, Liu, J, Liyanage, AH, Mack, D, and Magee, J

Subjects
nucl-ex, hep-ex
Abstract

We present new precision measurements of the elastic electron-protonscattering cross section for momentum transfer (Q$^2$) up to 15.75~\gevsq.Combined with existing data, these provide an improved extraction of the protonmagnetic form factor at high Q$^2$ and double the range over which alongitudinal/transverse separation of the cross section can be performed. Thedifference between our results and polarization data agrees with that observedat lower Q$^2$ and attributed to hard two-photon exchange (TPE) effects,extending to 8~(GeV/c)$^2$ the range of Q$^2$ for which a discrepancy isestablished at $>$95\% confidence. We use the discrepancy to quantify the sizeof TPE contributions needed to explain the cross section at high Q$^2$.

Published
2021

47. Novel observation of isospin structure of short-range correlations in calcium isotopes

Author

Nguyen, D, Ye, Z, Aguilera, P, Ahmed, Z, Albataineh, H, Allada, K, Anderson, B, Anez, D, Aniol, K, Annand, J, Arrington, J, Averett, T, Baghdasaryan, H, Bai, X, Beck, A, Beck, S, Bellini, V, Benmokhtar, F, Camsonne, A, Chen, C, Chen, JP, Chirapatpimol, K, Cisbani, E, Dalton, MM, Daniel, A, Day, D, Deconinck, W, Defurne, M, Flay, D, Fomin, N, Friend, M, Frullani, S, Fuchey, E, Garibaldi, F, Gaskell, D, Gilad, S, Gilman, R, Glamazdin, S, Gu, C, Guèye, P, Hanretty, C, Hansen, JO, Shabestari, MH, Higinbotham, DW, Huang, M, Iqbal, S, Jin, G, Kalantarians, N, Kang, H, Kelleher, A, Korover, I, Lerose, J, Leckey, J, Li, S, Lindgren, R, Long, E, Mammei, J, Margaziotis, DJ, Markowitz, P, Meekins, D, Meziani, ZE, Michaels, R, Mihovilovic, M, Muangma, N, Camacho, CM, Norum, BE, Nuruzzaman, Pan, K, Phillips, S, Piasetzky, E, Pomerantz, I, Posik, M, Punjabi, V, Qian, X, Qiang, Y, Qiu, X, Reimer, PE, Rakhman, A, Riordan, S, Ron, G, Rondon-Aramayo, O, Saha, A, Selvy, L, Shahinyan, A, Shneor, R, Širca, S, Slifer, K, Solvignon, P, Sparveris, N, Subedi, R, Sulkosky, V, Wang, D, Watson, JW, Weinstein, LB, Wojtsekhowski, B, Wood, SA, Yaron, I, Zhan, X, Zhang, J, and Zhang, YW

Subjects
nucl-ex
Abstract

Short-range correlations (SRCs) have been identified as being responsible for the high-momentum tail of the nucleon momentum distribution, n(k). Hard, short-range interactions of nucleon pairs generate the high-momentum tail and imprint a universal character on n(k) for all nuclei at large momentum. Triple coincidence experiments have shown a strong dominance of np pairs, but these measurements involve large final-state interactions. This paper presents the results from Jefferson Lab experiment E08014 which measured inclusive electron scattering cross section from Ca isotopes. By comparing the inclusive cross section from Ca48 to Ca40 in a kinematic region dominated by SRCs we provide a new way to study the isospin structure of SRCs.

Published
2020

48. Exclusive $\pi^+$ electroproduction off the proton from low to high -t

Author

Basnet, S., Huber, G. M., Li, W. B., Blok, H. P., Gaskell, D., Horn, T., Aniol, K., Arrington, J., Beise, E. J., Boeglin, W., Brash, E. J., Breuer, H., Chang, C. C., Christy, M. E., Ent, R., Gibson, E., Holt, R. J., Jin, S., Jones, M. K., Keppel, C. E., Kim, W., King, P. M., Kovaltchouk, V., Liu, J., Lolos, G. J., Mack, D. J., Margaziotis, D. J., Markowitz, P., Matsumura, A., Meekins, D., Miyoshi, T., Mkrtchyan, H., Niculescu, I., Okayasu, Y., Pentchev, L., Perdrisat, C., Potterveld, D., Punjabi, V., Reimer, P., Reinhold, J., Roche, J., Sarty, A., Smith, G. R., Tadevosyan, V., Tang, L. G., Tvaskis, V., Volmer, J., Vulcan, W., Warren, G., Wood, S. A., Xu, C., and Zheng, X.

Subjects
Nuclear Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

Background: Measurements of exclusive meson production are a useful tool in the study of hadronic structure. In particular, one can discern the relevant degrees of freedom at different distance scales through these studies. Purpose: To study the transition between non-perturbative and perturbative Quantum Chromodyanmics as the square of four momentum transfer to the struck proton, -t, is increased. Method: Cross sections for the $^1$H(e,e'$\pi^+$)n reaction were measured over the -t range of 0.272 to 2.127 GeV$^2$ with limited azimuthal coverage at fixed beam energy of 4.709 GeV, Q$^2$ of 2.4 GeV$^2$ and W of 2.0 GeV at the Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility (JLab) Hall C. Results: The -t dependence of the measured $\pi^+$ electroproduction cross section generally agrees with prior data from JLab Halls B and C. The data are consistent with a Regge amplitude based theoretical model, but show poor agreement with a Generalized Parton Distribution (GPD) based model. Conclusion: The agreement of cross sections with prior data implies small contribution from the interference terms, and the confirmation of the change in t-slopes between the low and high -t regions previously observed in photoproduction indicates the changing nature of the electroproduction reaction in our kinematic regime., Comment: 9 pages, 5 figures Physical Review C, in press

Published
2019
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49. Parity-Violating Inelastic Electron-Proton Scattering at Low $Q^2$ Above the Resonance Region

Author

QWeak Collaboration, Androic, D., Armstrong, D. S., Asaturyan, A., Bartlett, K., Beminiwattha, R. S., Benesch, J., Benmokhtar, F., Birchall, J., Carlini, R. D., Cornejo, J. C., Dalton, M. M., Davis, C. A., Deconinck, W., Dowd, J. F., Dunne, J. A., Dutta, D., Duvall, W. S., Falk, W. R., Finn, J. M., Gal, C., Gaskell, D., Gericke, M. T. W., Grames, J., Guo, F., Hoskins, J. R., Jones, D., Jones, M. K., Jones, R., Kargiantoulakis, M., King, P. M., Korkmaz, E., Kowalski, S., Leacock, J., Lee, A. R., Lee, J. H., Lee, L., MacEwan, S., Mack, D., Magee, J. A., Mammei, J., Martin, J. W., McHugh, M. J., Meekins, D., Mesick, K. E., Michaels, R., Micherdzinska, A., Mkrtchyan, A., Mkrtchyan, H., Morgan, N., Narayan, A., Nelyubin, V., van Oers, W. T. H, Owen, V. F., Page, S. A., Pan, J., Paschke, K. D., Phillips, S. K., Pitt, M. L., Radloff, R. W., Ramsay, W. D., Roche, J., Sawatzky, B., Seva, T., Shabestari, M. H., Silwal, R., Simicevic, N., Smith, G. R., Solvignon, P., Spayde, D. T., Subedi, A., Tadevosyan, V., Waidyawansa, B., Wang, P., Wells, S. P., Wood, S. A., and Zang, P.

Subjects
Nuclear Experiment, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract

We report the measurement of the parity-violating asymmetry for the inelastic scattering of electrons from the proton, at $Q^2 = 0.082$ GeV$^2$ and $ W = 2.23$ GeV, above the resonance region. The result $A_{\rm Inel} = - 13.5 \pm 2.0 ({\rm stat}) \pm 3.9 ({\rm syst})$~ppm agrees with theoretical calculations, and helps to validate the modeling of the $\gamma Z$ interference structure functions $F_1^{\gamma Z}$ and $F_2^{\gamma Z}$ used in those calculations, which are also used for determination of the two-boson exchange box diagram ($\Box_{\gamma Z}$) contribution to parity-violating elastic scattering measurements. A positive parity-violating asymmetry for inclusive $\pi^-$ production was observed, as well as positive beam-normal single-spin asymmetry for scattered electrons and a negative beam-normal single-spin asymmetry for inclusive $\pi^-$ production., Comment: 18 pages, 9 figures, version accepted in Physical Review C

Published
2019
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50. Unique Access to u-Channel Physics: Exclusive Backward-Angle Omega Meson Electroproduction

Author

Li, W. B., Huber, G. M., Blok, H. P., Gaskell, D., Horn, T., Semenov-Tian-Shansky, K., Pire, B., Szymanowski, L., Laget, J. -M., Aniol, K., Arrington, J., Beise, E. J., Boeglin, W., Brash, E. J., Breuer, H., Chang, C. C., Christy, M. E., Ent, R., Gibson, E. F., Holt, R. J., Jin, S., Jones, M. K., Keppel, C. E., Kim, W., King, P. M., Kovaltchouk, V., Liu, J., Lolos, G. J., Mack, D. J., Margaziotis, D. J., Markowitz, P., Matsumura, A., Meekins, D., Miyoshi, T., Mkrtchyan, H., Niculescu, I., Okayasu, Y., Pentchev, L., Perdrisat, C., Potterveld, D., Punjabi, V., Reimer, P. E., Reinhold, J., Roche, J., Roos, P. G., Sarty, A., Smith, Tadevosyan, V., Tang, L. G., Tvaskis, V., Volmer, J., Vulcan, W., Warren, G., Wood, S. A., Xu, C., and Zheng, X.

Subjects
Nuclear Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, Nuclear Theory
Abstract

Backward-angle meson electroproduction above the resonance region, which was previously ignored, is anticipated to offer unique access to the three quark plus sea component of the nucleon wave function. In this letter, we present the first complete separation of the four electromagnetic structure functions above the resonance region in exclusive omega electroproduction off the proton, e + p -> e' + p + omega, at central Q^2 values of 1.60, 2.45 GeV^2 , at W = 2.21 GeV. The results of our pioneering -u ~ -u min study demonstrate the existence of a unanticipated backward-angle cross section peak and the feasibility of full L/T/LT/TT separations in this never explored kinematic territory. At Q^2 =2.45 GeV^2 , the observed dominance of sigma_T over sigma_L, is qualitatively consistent with the collinear QCD description in the near-backward regime, in which the scattering amplitude factorizes into a hard subprocess amplitude and baryon to meson transition distribution amplitudes (TDAs): universal non-perturbative objects only accessible through backward angle kinematics.

Published
2019

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