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235 results on '"Garruto, R."'

1. Quantitative and qualitative analysis of stability for 16 serum immunoregulators over 50 freeze–thaw cycles.

Author

Chowdhury, R. N., Armato, A., Culver, E., Shteynman, L., Kurien, C., Cradin, B., Margolin, F., Nguyen, T., Cardona, C., Kabir, N., Garruto, R. M., Lum, J. K., and Wander, K.

Subjects
IMMUNOMODULATORS, CHEMOKINES, C-reactive protein, THAWING, CYTOKINES, CHEMOKINE receptors
Abstract

Objectives: To evaluate the reliability of data from the assay of bio‐archived specimens, a 50‐freeze–thaw‐cycle (FTC) degradation study of fresh sera was conducted to test the stability of 16 immunoregulators. Methods: Twenty de‐identified serum specimens were obtained from volunteers at United Health Services‐Wilson Memorial Hospital. Specimens were stored at −20°C and underwent daily 1 h thawing and subsequent freezing for each FTC over 50 consecutive days. Immunoregulator concentrations were assessed via enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in participant samples at 2 FTC (baseline), 25 FTC, and 50 FTC. Specific immunoregulators observed in the study were C‐reactive protein (CRP), interleukin (IL)‐1α, 4, 6, 8, 10, monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1 (MCP‐1, CCL2), monocyte chemoattractant protein‐2 (MCP‐2, CCL8), eotaxin‐1, thymus‐and‐activation‐regulated chemokine (TARC, CCL17), regulated on activation normal T‐cell expressed and secreted (RANTES, CCL5), growth‐regulated oncogene‐alpha (GRO‐α, CXCL1), small inducible cytokine A1 (I‐309, CCL1), interferon‐gamma (IFN‐γ), interferon‐gamma inducible protein‐10 (IP‐10, CXCL10), and tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α). Results: Quantitative stability of serum immunoregulators: Serum CRP, IL‐8, IL‐10, IFN‐γ, IP‐10, and eotaxin‐1 levels appear to be statistically equivalent from baseline to 50 FTC (p ≤.05). Retention of patterns in serum immunoregulators: patterns across FTC were retained for TARC (age) and CRP, IFN‐γ, and MCP‐2 (sex). Conclusions: While the effect of multiple FTC on serum immunoregulator levels may not replicate prolonged freezer storage, the results of this study provide valuable information on the robustness of immunoregulators for research using bio‐archived sera. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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18. Serological evidence for transmission of multiple dengue virus serotypes in Papua New Guinea and West Papua prior to 1963

Author

Luang-Suarkia, D., Ernst, T., Alpers, Michael Philip, Garruto, R., Smith, D., Imrie, A., Luang-Suarkia, D., Ernst, T., Alpers, Michael Philip, Garruto, R., Smith, D., and Imrie, A.

Abstract

Little is known about the natural history of dengue in Papua New Guinea (PNG). We assessed dengue virus (DENV)-specific neutralizing antibody profiles in serum samples collected from northern and southern coastal areas and the highland region of New Guinea between 1959 and 1963. Neutralizing antibodies were demonstrated in sera from the northern coast of New Guinea: from Sabron in Dutch New Guinea (now known as West Papua) and from four villages in East Sepik in what is now PNG. Previous monotypic infection with DENV-1, DENV-2, and DENV-4 was identified, with a predominance of anti-DENV-2 neutralizing antibody. The majority of positive sera demonstrated evidence of multiple previous DENV infections and neutralizing activity against all four serotypes was detected, with anti-DENV-2 responses being most frequent and of greatest magnitude. No evidence of previous DENV infection was identified in the Asmat villages of the southern coast and a single anti-DENV-positive sample was identified in the Eastern Highlands of PNG. These findings indicate that multiple DENV serotypes circulated along the northern coast of New Guinea at different times in the decades prior to 1963 and support the notion that dengue has been a significant yet neglected tropical infection in PNG for many decades.

Published
2017

28. Neurofibrillary tangles of Guamanian amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, parkinsonism-dementia and neurologically normal Guamanians contain a 4-to 4.5-kilodalton protein which is immunoreactive to anti-amyloid ?/A4-protein antibodies

Author

Guiroy, D. C., primary, Mellini, M., additional, Miyazaki, M., additional, Hilbich, C., additional, Safar, J., additional, Garruto, R. M., additional, Yanagihara, R., additional, Beyreuther, K., additional, and Gajdusek, D. C., additional

Published
1993
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30. Failure to isolate human T cell lymphotropic virus type I and to detect variant-specific genomic sequences by polymerase chain reaction in Melanesians with indeterminate Western immunoblot

Author

Nerurkar, V. R., primary, Miller, M. A., additional, Leon-Monzon, M. E., additional, Ajdukiewicz, A. B., additional, Jenkins, C. L., additional, Sanders, R. C., additional, Godec, M. S., additional, Garruto, R. M., additional, and Yanagihara, R., additional

Published
1992
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36. Increased susceptibility to Kuru of carriers of the PRNP 129 methionine/methionine genotype.

Author

Lee, Hee-Suk, Goldfarb, Lev G., Brown, Paul, Cervenakova, Larisa, Garruto, Ralph M., Alpers, Michael P., Gajdusek, D. Carleton, Lee, H S, Brown, P, Cervenáková, L, Garruto, R M, Alpers, M P, Gajdusek, D C, and Goldfarb, L G

Subjects
METHIONINE, KURU, GENETICS of disease susceptibility, GENETIC code
Abstract

Kuru reached epidemic proportions by the mid-twentieth century among the Fore people of New Guinea and disappeared after the abolition of cannibalistic rituals. To determine susceptibility to kuru and its role in the spread and elimination of the epidemic, we analyzed the PRNP gene coding sequences in 5 kuru patients; no germline mutations were found. Analysis of the PRNP 129 methionine (M)/valine (V) polymorphism in 80 patients and 95 unaffected controls demonstrated that the kuru epidemic preferentially affected individuals with the M/M genotype. A higher representation of M/M carriers was observed among the affected young Fore males entering the age of risk, whereas a lower frequency of M/M homozygotes was found among the survivors. M/V and V/V genotypes predisposed to a lower risk of disease development and longer incubation times. These findings are relevant to the current outbreak of variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (vCJD) in the United Kingdom, because all vCJD patients tested thus far have been M/M carriers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2001
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49. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and parkinsonism-dementia on Guam: a 25-year prospective case-control study.

Author

Plato, C C, Garruto, R M, Fox, K M, and Gajdusek, D C

Abstract

Familial and genetic studies of high-incidence amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and parkinsonism-dementia among the Chamorro people of Guam were initiated in 1958 with the establishment of a prospective case-control registry. The major objective of this registry was to determine if first-degree relatives and spouses of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis or parkinsonism-dementia had an increased risk of developing disease compared with relatives of nonaffected controls individually matched for age, sex, and village. At the time of its closing in 1963, the registry included 126 patients (77 with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, 42 with parkinsonism-dementia, and seven with both amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and parkinsonism-dementia) and an equal number of controls; 994 living first-degree relatives (parents, siblings, and offspring) of patients and 1,218 of controls; and 88 living spouses of patients and 101 of controls. The present analysis of the 25-year follow-up study (1958-1983) demonstrated a significantly increased risk of developing amyotrophic lateral sclerosis or parkinsonism-dementia among parents, siblings, and spouses of patients, but not among relatives of controls. Offspring of both patients and controls showed no significantly increased risk of developing disease. The increased risk among spouses of patients and the lack of increase among their offspring, together with recent histochemical findings, support the contention that exogenous factors are strong contributors to the etiology of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and parkinsonism-dementia. The present results also demonstrate a declining incidence of both diseases.

Published
1986
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50. Imaging of calcium and aluminum in neurofibrillary tangle-bearing neurons in parkinsonism-dementia of Guam.

Author

Garruto, R M, Fukatsu, R, Yanagihara, R, Gajdusek, D C, Hook, G, and Fiori, C E

Abstract

We report the distribution and imaging of calcium and aluminum in neurofibrillary tangle (NFT)-bearing neurons within Sommer's sector of the hippocampus in Guamanian patients with parkinsonism-dementia, using a method of computer-controlled electron beam x-ray micro-analysis and wavelength dispersive spectrometry. Calcium and aluminum were distributed in cell bodies and axonal processes of NFT-bearing neurons. The elemental images show that both calcium and aluminum deposits occur within the same NFT-bearing hippocampal neuron in this dementing disease, suggesting that these elements are involved in NFT formation. No prominent concentrations of calcium and aluminum were imaged in non-NFT-containing regions within the pyramidal cell layer of the parkinsonism-dementia cases or in the control cases. These findings support the hypothesis that secondary hyperparathyroidism resulting from low environmental calcium and magnesium in the high-incidence focus of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and parkinsonism-dementia on Guam had led to abnormal deposition of calcium and aluminum in the central nervous system.

Published
1984
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