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16. Abstracts

Author

Andreassi, John L., Gallichio, Joseph A., Young, Nancy E., Beatty, Jackson, Begleiter, H., Porjesz, B., Bolz, J., Giedke, H., Heimann, H., Cracco, Roger Q., Cracco, Joan B., Creel, Donnell, O’Donnell, Frank E., Jr., King, Richard A., Witkop, Carl J., Jr., Davidson, Richard J., Despland, P. A., Galambos, R., Dustman, R. E., Beck, E. C., Lewis, E. G., Fabiani, M., Sohmer, H., Tait, C., Gafni, M., Kinarti, R., Fenelon, B., Frost, B., Ford, Judith M., Pfefferbaum, Adolf, Herning, Ronald I., Jones, Reese T., Kerkhof, G. A., Werner, J. H., Klorman, R., Salzman, L. F., Pass, H. L., Borgstedt, A. D., Dainer, K. B., Laurian, S., Gaillard, J.-M., Gruber, G., Lobrinus, A., Reigner, J., Wertheimer, J., Lelord, G., Muh, J. P., Martineau, J., Garreau, B., Roux, S., Lewis, G. W., Lutzenberger, W., Elbert, T., Rockstroh, B., Birbaumer, N., Ornitz, Edward M., Paty, J., Gioux, M., Boulard, G., Brenot, Ph., Deliac, Ph., Claverie, B., Faure, J. M. A., Rappaport, M., Hall, K., Hopkins, K., Belleza, T., Berrol, S., Hamilton, R., Rebert, Charles S., Lowe, Roland C., Hatchel, Jean M., Rentschler, Ingo, Spinelli, Donatella, Roger, M., Sanfourche, G., Galand, G., Rösler, Frank, Saletu, B., Satterfield, James H., Shucard, D. W., Shucard, J. L., Stamm, John S., Loiselle, David L., Tecce, J. J., Timsit-Berthier, M., Gerono, A., Vidal, Jacques J., Helfenbein, Eric D., Warren, Charles, Karrer, Rathe, Weiss, Ira P., Barnet, Ann B., Lehmann, Dietrich, editor, and Callaway, Enoch, editor

Published
1979
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23. Theoretical aspects of the study of benzodiazepine receptors in infantile autism

Author

Garreau B, Herry D, Zilbovicius M, yves samson, Guerin P, and Lelord G

Subjects
Male, Benzodiazepines, Adolescent, Child Development Disorders, Pervasive, Child, Preschool, Dopamine, Humans, Female, Autistic Disorder, Child, Receptors, GABA-A, Hippocampus, gamma-Aminobutyric Acid
Abstract

This paper is part of a special section on 'psychopharmacotherapy in children' and focuses on benzodiazepine receptors in autism. Infantile autism in an early and pervasive developmental disorder described by Kanner in 1943. Anatomical, pathological and magnetic resonance imaging studies have indicated changes in the cerebellum and hippocampus of autistic subjects. Given the numerical importance and diffuse benzodiazepine receptors, their study by functional brain imaging methods in vivo could be value in cases of infantile autism as a gauge of neuronal potentiality. The main data concerning benzodiazepine complex are presented. The relations between these data and the neurophysiological hypotheses of autism are discussed.

Published
1993

24. Electrophysiological effects of fenfluramine or combined vitamin B6 and magnesium on children with autistic behavior

Author

Martineau, J., Barthelemy, C., Roux, S., Garreau, B., and Lelord, G.

Subjects
Vitamin B6 -- Health aspects, Magnesium -- Health aspects, Autistic children -- Care and treatment, Autism -- Drug therapy, Fenfluramine -- Health aspects, Health
Abstract

Autistic children treated with vitamin B6 and magnesium have been reported to show substantial improvement in behavior, responsiveness to other people and the environment, and communication. Studies of effects of fenfluramine (an amphetamine derivative) on autistic behaviors have shown improvements in motor activity, anxiety, and mood and attention disturbances. Effects of both types of treatments on auditory evoked responses (AERs), were studied in 12 children (nine boys, three girls, aged four to six years) with varying degrees of autistic behavior. Six of the children participated in a 14-week trial: a two-week baseline period, eight weeks of B6-magnesium treatment, and a post-trial period. The other six participated in a 24-week trial: a two-week baseline period, followed by either four weeks of placebo and 12 weeks of fenfluramine treatment, or 12 weeks of fenfluramine, followed by four weeks of placebo treatment - and a post-trial period. AERs, which are a measure of electrical responses in the brain to auditory stimuli, were recorded from central (C) and occipital (O) sites. During the baseline period, the AERs of children who responded well to B6-magnesium were different from those of children who responded well to fenfluramine. During the B6-magnesium trial, AER frequency increased at the O site, then decreased post-trial. The fenfluramine-treated group showed increased frequency and amplitude of AERs at the C site after 12 weeks of trial, with decreases post-trial. Children who responded to B6-magnesium demonstrated better use of objects, less bizarre postures, and less anxiety and mood disturbances, than non-responders. Those who responded to fenfluramine were less withdrawn, communicated better, and had fewer bizarre responses to the environment than those who didn't. Findings require further evaluation among larger groups of children. (Consumer Summary produced by Reliance Medical Information, Inc.)

Published
1989

26. Recent developments in the chemistry and physics of the (NHyMe4−y)x[Ni(dmit)2] series

Author

Valade, Lydie, Legros, Jean Pierre, Tejel, Cristina, Pomarede, Brigitte, Garreau, B., Bruniquel, M. F., Cassoux, Patrick, Ulmet, Jean Pierre, Audouard, Alain, Brossard, Luc, Valade, Lydie, Legros, Jean Pierre, Tejel, Cristina, Pomarede, Brigitte, Garreau, B., Bruniquel, M. F., Cassoux, Patrick, Ulmet, Jean Pierre, Audouard, Alain, and Brossard, Luc

Published
1991

50. Comportement experimental de chene pedoncule, chene sessile et hetre en presence d'une nappe d'eau dans le sol

Author

Levy, G., Becker, Michel, GARREAU, B., Unité de recherche Biogéochimie des Ecosystèmes Forestiers (BEF), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), and Unité d'écophysiologie forestière

Subjects
[SDV.SA.SF]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Silviculture, forestry, CHENE
Abstract

8 ref.; National audience; The three species behaviour in the presence of water-table set at various depths in the soil, is compared during their first two years of life. When the water-table is set up at the same time as the seeding, then maintained, the main results are : - the oaks germination is more damaged (about 58 p. 100 of the seeds spring up) than that of the beech (74 p. 100) by a shallow water table (-2 cm) (table 2). Few seedlings die afterwards, and only beech ones ; - the first year height growth, as well as most plants characteristics measured in the end of the second year (total height, total biomass, aerial system weight, second year leaves weight, 2-year-old stems weight) begin to be affected for a water table set at a depth of about - 5 cm in the case of the pedunculate oak, - 8 cm in the case of the other two species (table 5 and figure 1). The oaks root system however begin to be affected by deeper water-table ; - - a fertilization carried out at the beginning of the second year is very beneficial to both oak species wherever the water-table was set, but doesn’t significantly alter the thresholds from where the plants characteristics begin to be affected.When the water-table is set up later (when the seedlings already show some development), all beech seedlings die in a few days when the water table is shallow, whereas all oaks seedlings survive : the beech reputation of being very sensitive to waterlogging is checked in that case. However, the better behaviour of the pedunculate oak young plants, compared to that of the sessile oak shown in that experiment cannot lead to favour in all cases the pedunculate oak instead of the sessile oak on soils with temporary water-table : in some forest sites (acid pseudoglcys with coarse texture), it seems that drought resistance is more important than waterlogging resistance for the growth and survival of adult trees.; Cette expérience en vases de végétation est destinée à comparer le comportement de semis de chêne pédonculé, chêne sessile et hêtre en présence de nappes situées à différentes profondeurs dans le sol. Lorsque la nappe est installée dès le semis, puis maintenue en place, on note les résultats suivants : - une nappe très superficielle (à - 2 cm) affecte plus la levée des chênes (environ 58 p. 100 de semis levés) que celle du hêtre (74 p. 100). Peu de semis meurent ensuite, et uniquement chez le hêtre ; - la croissance de 1er année, ainsi que la plupart des caractéristiques des plants mesurées en fin de seconde année, commencent à être affectées lorsque la nappe est située à environ -5 cm pour le chêne pédonculé, - 8 cm pour les deux autres espèces : - une fertilisation effectuée en début de 2e année n’a pas modifié sensiblement les seuils à partir desquels les caractéristiques des plants commencent a être affectées. Lorsque la nappe est installée plus tardivement (alors que les semis présentent déjà un certain développement), tous les semis de hêtre meurent rapidement en présence d’une nappe superficielle, alors que tous les semis de chêne résistent : le hêtre justifie alors sa réputation d’espèce très sensible à l’engorgement. Il est rappelé enfin que le meilleur comportement des semis de chêne pédonculé par rapport à ceux de chêne sessile, mis en évidence ici, ne peut amener à choisir dans tous les cas le pédonculé pour la mise en valeur des sols à hydromorphie temporaire : dans certaines stations forestières (pseudogleys acides à texture grossière), il semble que la résistance à la sécheresse soit prépondérante par rapport à la résistance à l’engorgement dans le comportement global des arbres adultes.

Published
1986

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