148 results on '"Garratt, Michael P. D."'
Search Results
2. Functional and Behavioral Responses of the Natural Enemy Anthocoris nemoralis to Cacopsylla pyri, at Different Temperatures
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Reeves, Laura A., Garratt, Michael P. D., Fountain, Michelle T., and Senapathi, Deepa
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- 2023
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3. Neither sulfoxaflor, Crithidia bombi, nor their combination impact bumble bee colony development or field bean pollination
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Straw, Edward A., Cini, Elena, Gold, Harriet, Linguadoca, Alberto, Mayne, Chloe, Rockx, Joris, Brown, Mark J. F., Garratt, Michael P. D., Potts, Simon G., and Senapathi, Deepa
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- 2023
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4. Opportunities to reduce pollination deficits and address production shortfalls in an important insect-pollinated crop
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Garratt, Michael P. D., de Groot, G. Arjen, Albrecht, Matthias, Bosch, Jordi, Breeze, Tom D., Fountain, Michelle T., Klein, Alexandra M., McKerchar, Megan, Park, Mia, Paxton, Robert J., Potts, Simon G., Pufal, Gesine, Rader, Romina, Senapathi, Deepa, Andersson, Georg K. S., Bernauer, Olivia M., Blitzer, Eleanor J., Boreux, Virginie, Campbell, Alistair J., Carvell, Claire, Földesi, Rita, Garcia, Daniel, Garibaldi, Lucas A., Hambäck, Peter A., Kirkitadze, Giorgi, Kovács-Hostyánszki, Anikó, Martins, Kyle T., Miñarro, Marcos, O’Connor, Rory, Radzeviciute, Rita, Roquer-Beni, Laura, Samnegård, Ulrika, Scott, Lorraine, Vereecken, Nicolas J., Wäckers, Felix, Webber, Sean M., Japoshvili, George, and Zhusupbaeva, Aigul
- Published
- 2021
5. Limited function of road verges as habitat for species connecting plant–bee networks in remnant semi-natural grasslands.
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Henriksen, Marie V., Bär, Annette, Garratt, Michael P. D., Nielsen, Anders, and Johansen, Line
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ENDANGERED ecosystems ,SPECIES diversity ,ENRICHED foods ,FOOD chains ,INTERNET research ,GRASSLANDS - Abstract
Species-rich natural and semi-natural ecosystems are under threat owing to land use change. To conserve the biodiversity associated with these ecosystems, we must identify and target conservation efforts towards functionally important species and supporting habitats that create connections between remnant patches in the landscape. Here, we use a multi-layer network approach to identify species that connect a metanetwork of plant–bee interactions in remnant semi-natural grasslands which are biodiversity hotspots in European landscapes. We investigate how these landscape connecting species, and their interactions, persist in their proposed supporting habitat, road verges, across a landscape with high human impact. We identify 11 plant taxa and nine bee species that connect semi-natural grassland patches. We find the beta diversity of these connector species to be low across road verges, indicating a poor contribution of these habitats to the landscape-scale diversity in semi-natural grasslands. We also find a significant influence of the surrounding landscape on the beta diversity of connector species and their interactions with implications for landscape-scale management. Conservation actions targeted toward species with key functional roles as connectors of fragmented ecosystems can provide cost-effective management of the diversity and functioning of threatened ecosystems. This article is part of the theme issue 'Connected interactions: enriching food web research by spatial and social interactions'. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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6. Wildflower strips in polytunnel cherry orchard alleyways support pest regulation services but do not counteract edge effects on pollination services.
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Mateos-Fierro, Zeus, Garratt, Michael P. D., Fountain, Michelle T., Ashbrook, Kate, and Westbury, Duncan B.
- Abstract
Sweet cherry (Prunus avium) production relies on modern growing practices like polytunnel coverings to improve yields but this may interrupt arthropod- mediated ecosystem services. The distribution of beneficial arthropods (natural enemies and flower visitors) and the ecosystem services they provide may be affected under polytunnel systems, especially at orchard edges. Across 10 commercial cherry orchards grown in polytunnels, we explored how wildflower strips mitigated edge effects on beneficial arthropods and pest regulation and pollination services. In each orchard, we established a standard wildflower strip (SWS; single cut at the end of the season) and an actively managed wildflower strip (AMWS; regularly cut at 20 cm height) between tree rows and compared this to a conventional control strip (CS). We recorded natural enemies in alleyways and cherry trees post-cherry anthesis (flowering) and flower visitors during and post-cherry anthesis at different distances from the orchard edge (2017-2019). In 2019, we deployed insect prey bait cards in trees to measure pest regulation services and recorded fruit quality (2017-2019) and fruit set (2018-2019) to measure pollination services. Distance from the orchard edge did not affect natural enemy density or diversity in any year or under any alleyway treatment, but pest regulation services decreased towards orchard centres with CS (by 33.0% reduction). Flower visitor density (-34% individuals) and diversity declined with distance from the edge during cherry anthesis. For post-cherry anthesis, marginal negative edge effects were observed for flower visitor density and diversity and behaviour. Overall, fruit set decreased towards the orchard centre while fruit quality increased. Our results suggest that wildflower strips are an effective tool to mitigate edge effects on pest regulation services but have limited effects on flower visitors and pollination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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7. The benefits of floral border crops in smallholder rice production depends on agronomic inputs and landscape context.
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Willcox, Bryony K., Garratt, Michael P. D., Breeze, Tom D., Mathimaran, Natarajan, Potts, Simon G., Prasad, Girija, Raj, Rengalakshmi, and Senapathi, Deepa
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FARMERS , *SUSTAINABILITY , *CROPS , *AGRICULTURE , *SYNTHETIC fertilizers , *AGRICULTURAL intensification - Abstract
Ecological intensification (EI) provides an important and increasingly adopted pathway for achieving more sustainable agricultural systems. However, the implementation and success of on‐farm EI practices may vary depending on landscape context and local management practices.We evaluated how EI interventions, including two different agricultural input regimes (high or low use of synthetic pesticides and fertilizers) and floral border crops, affected local natural enemy biodiversity, pest abundance and crop yield, and how this was influenced by the surrounding landscape context across 12 rice fields on smallholder farms in Puducherry, India.Reducing agricultural inputs positively impacted the overall natural enemy assemblage; however, responses to landscape factors varied. For example, coccinellid beetles were negatively correlated with higher densities of field edges (landscape configuration). In contrast, spiders, the most abundant group surveyed, were not significantly influenced by any landscape metric. Furthermore, pest abundance was greatest in fields with reduced inputs but only at sites where floral border crops were not present.Mean rice grain yield was lower across low‐input sites compared with high‐input sites and floral border crops had opposing effects across high‐ and low‐input sites. At low‐input sites, mean yields were 33% higher where floral border crops were present. At high‐input sites, the presence of floral border crops was correlated with a lower mean yield (16%).These findings show that ecological intensification practices can benefit smallholder crop systems but highlight the need to account for variations in landscape context and local management practices for developing effective sustainable management practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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8. Perennial flower margins reduce orchard fruit damage by rosy apple aphid, Dysaphis plantaginea (Homoptera: Aphididae)
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Howard, Charlotte, primary, Fountain, Michelle T., additional, Brittain, Claire, additional, Burgess, Paul J., additional, and Garratt, Michael P. D., additional
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- 2024
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9. The benefits of integrated pest management for apple depend on pest type and production metrics
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Ryalls, James M. W., primary, Garratt, Michael P. D., additional, Spadaro, Davide, additional, and Mauchline, Alice L., additional
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- 2024
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10. Floral interventions enhance flower visitor communities and pollination services in moringa plantations
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Dhandapani, Selva, primary, Pakkirisamy, Manikandan, additional, Rajaraman, Ranjith, additional, Garratt, Michael P. D., additional, Potts, Simon G., additional, Raj, Rengalakshmi, additional, Subramanian, Malarvannan, additional, and Senapathi, Deepa, additional
- Published
- 2023
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11. Silvopastoral systems benefit invertebrate biodiversity on tropical livestock farms in Caquetá, Colombia
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Kinneen, Lois, primary, Escobar, María Paula, additional, Hernandez, Luis Miguel, additional, Thompson, Jill, additional, Ramos‐Pastrana, Yardany, additional, Córdoba‐Suarez, Eric, additional, Romero‐Sanchez, Miguel, additional, Barnes, Andrew, additional, Quintero, Marcela, additional, and Garratt, Michael P. D., additional
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- 2023
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12. Insect pollination as an agronomic input: Strategies for oilseed rape production
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Garratt, Michael P. D., Shaw, Rosalind F., Bishop, Jacob, Degani, Erika, Potts, Simon G., Shi, Anmei, and Roy, Shovonlal
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- 2018
13. Silvopastoral systems benefit invertebrate biodiversity on tropical livestock farms in Caquetá, Colombia.
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Kinneen, Lois, Escobar, María Paula, Hernandez, Luis Miguel, Thompson, Jill, Ramos‐Pastrana, Yardany, Córdoba‐Suarez, Eric, Romero‐Sanchez, Miguel, Barnes, Andrew, Quintero, Marcela, and Garratt, Michael P. D.
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SILVOPASTORAL systems ,LIVESTOCK farms ,INVERTEBRATE communities ,FORAGE plants ,CLIMATE change mitigation ,FOREST biodiversity ,ECOSYSTEM services ,ECOSYSTEMS - Abstract
Copyright of Agricultural & Forest Entomology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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- 2024
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14. Floral interventions enhance flower visitor communities and pollination services in moringa plantations.
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Dhandapani, Selva, Pakkirisamy, Manikandan, Rajaraman, Ranjith, Garratt, Michael P. D., Potts, Simon G., Raj, Rengalakshmi, Subramanian, Malarvannan, and Senapathi, Deepa
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MORINGA ,COMMUNITY services ,FLOWERS ,SUSTAINABILITY ,TROPICAL crops ,PLANTATIONS ,PIGEON pea - Abstract
Copyright of Journal of Applied Ecology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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- 2024
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15. Crop pests and predators exhibit inconsistent responses to surrounding landscape composition
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Karp, Daniel S., Chaplin-Kramer, Rebecca, Meehan, Timothy D., Martin, Emily A., DeClerck, Fabrice, Grab, Heather, Gratton, Claudio, Hunt, Lauren, Larsen, Ashley E., Martínez-Salinas, Alejandra, O’Rourke, Megan E., Rusch, Adrien, Poveda, Katja, Jonsson, Mattias, Rosenheim, Jay A., Schellhorn, Nancy A., Tscharntke, Teja, Wratten, Stephen D., Zhang, Wei, Iverson, Aaron L., Adler, Lynn S., Albrecht, Matthias, Alignier, Audrey, Angelella, Gina M., Anjum, Muhammad Zubair, Avelino, Jacques, Batáry, Péter, Baveco, Johannes M., Bianchi, Felix J. J. A., Birkhofer, Klaus, Bohnenblust, Eric W., Bommarco, Riccardo, Brewer, Michael J., Caballero-López, Berta, Carrière, Yves, Carvalheiro, Luísa G., Cayuela, Luis, Centrella, Mary, Ćetković, Aleksandar, Henri, Dominic Charles, Chabert, Ariane, Costamagna, Alejandro C., De la Mora, Aldo, de Kraker, Joop, Desneux, Nicolas, Diehl, Eva, Diekötter, Tim, Dormann, Carsten F., Eckberg, James O., Entling, Martin H., Fiedler, Daniela, Franck, Pierre, van Veen, F. J. Frank, Frank, Thomas, Gagic, Vesna, Garratt, Michael P. D., Getachew, Awraris, Gonthier, David J., Goodell, Peter B., Graziosi, Ignazio, Groves, Russell L., Gurr, Geoff M., Hajian-Forooshani, Zachary, Heimpel, George E., Herrmann, John D., Huseth, Anders S., Inclán, Diego J., Ingrao, Adam J., Iv, Phirun, Jacot, Katja, Johnson, Gregg A., Jones, Laura, Kaiser, Marina, Kaser, Joe M., Keasar, Tamar, Kim, Tania N., Kishinevsky, Miriam, Landis, Douglas A., Lavandero, Blas, Lavigne, Claire, Le Ralec, Anne, Lemessa, Debissa, Letourneau, Deborah K., Liere, Heidi, Lu, Yanhui, Lubin, Yael, Luttermoser, Tim, Maas, Bea, Mace, Kevi, Madeira, Filipe, Mader, Viktoria, Cortesero, Anne Marie, Marini, Lorenzo, Martinez, Eliana, Martinson, Holly M., Menozzi, Philippe, Mitchell, Matthew G. E., Miyashit, Tadashi, Molina, Gonzalo A. R., Molina-Montenegro, Marco A., O’Neal, Matthew E., Opatovsky, Itai, Ortiz-Martinez, Sebaastian, Nash, Michael, Östman, Örjan, Ouin, Annie, Pak, Damie, Paredes, Daniel, Parsa, Soroush, Parry, Hazel, Perez-Alvarez, Ricardo, Perović, David J., Peterson, Julie A., Petit, Sandrine, Philpott, Stacy M., Plantegenest, Manuel, Plećaš, Milan, Pluess, Therese, Pons, Xavier, Potts, Simon G., Pywell, Richard F., Ragsdale, David W., Rand, Tatyana A., Raymond, Lucie, Ricci, Benoît, Sargent, Chris, Sarthou, Jean-Pierre, Saulais, Julia, Schäckermann, Jessica, Schmidt, Nick P., Schneider, Gudrun, Schüepp, Christof, Sivakoff, Frances S., Smith, Henrik G., Whitney, Kaitlin Stack, Stutz, Sonja, Szendrei, Zsofia, Takada, Mayura B., Taki, Hisatomo, Tamburini, Giovanni, Thomson, Linda J., Tricault, Yann, Tsafack, Noelline, Tschumi, Matthias, Valantin-Morison, Muriel, Van Trinh, Mai, van der Werf, Wopke, Vierling, Kerri T., Werling, Ben P., Wickens, Jennifer B., Wickens, Victoria J., Woodcock, Ben A., Wyckhuys, Kris, Xiao, Haijun, Yasuda, Mika, Yoshioka, Akira, and Zou, Yi
- Published
- 2018
16. Crops, Insect Pests and Natural Enemies : Effects of Organic and Conventional Fertilisers
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Garratt, Michael P. D., Leather, Simon, and Wright, Denis
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631.8 - Abstract
Agricultural intensification can have negative impacts on the environment and there isincreasing interest in the use of low intensity or organic agricultural methods toimprove sustainability. Fertiliser is an important component of all agriculturalsystems and can affect the performance of crop pests and their natural enemies. Thisthesis presents the results from a quantitative review of the literature on both farmingsystem and organic and conventional fertiliser effects on pests and natural enemies. Results from a series of laboratory and field experiments investigating the effectsorganic and conventional fertiliser on cereal aphids and their natural enemies arereported. The review demonstrates that crop pests and their natural enemies benefit fromorganic or low intensity methods and this is evident for natural enemies in farm scaleexperiments. The effect of organic and conventional fertilisers on arthropod pests isvariable although the influence of manures is consistently negative while the effect ofplant composts is positive. More studies investigating organic and conventionalfertilisers and the response of natural enemies are needed. Field and laboratory experiments show that conventional fertilisers can benefit cerealaphids but the mechanism behind this response is species specific. Rhopalosiphumpadi is sensitive to temporal nutrients availability and is influenced by the timing offertiliser application, while Metopolophium dirhodum is responsive to plantmorphology with aphids performing better on plants with a high proportion ofvegetative matter. The implications of pest performance on fertiliser managementstrategies are discussed. Parasitoid abundance in the field was not found to beinfluenced by fertiliser treatment although in the laboratory, indirect effects offertiliser, mediated through its aphid host, were found to affect parasitoid fitness withlarger parasitoids emerging from larger aphids. A positive influence of conventionalfertiliser on syrphid oviposition in the field was also apparent.
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- 2009
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17. Wild Floral Visitors Are More Important Than Honeybees as Pollinators of Avocado Crops
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Celis-Diez, Juan L., primary, García, Camila B., additional, Armesto, Juan J., additional, Abades, Sebastián, additional, Garratt, Michael P. D., additional, and Fontúrbel, Francisco E., additional
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- 2023
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18. Location and Creation of Nest Sites for Ground-Nesting Bees in Apple Orchards
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Fountain, Michelle T., primary, Tsiolis, Konstantinos, additional, Silva, Celine X., additional, Deakin, Greg, additional, Garratt, Michael P. D., additional, O’Connor, Rory, additional, Carvell, Claire, additional, Pywell, Richard F., additional, Edwards, Michael, additional, and Potts, Simon G., additional
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- 2023
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19. The potential of wildflower strips to enhance pollination services in sweet cherry orchards grown under polytunnels
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Mateos‐Fierro, Zeus, primary, Garratt, Michael P. D., additional, Fountain, Michelle T., additional, Ashbrook, Kate, additional, and Westbury, Duncan B., additional
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- 2023
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20. Non-bee insects are important contributors to global crop pollination
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Rader, Romina, Bartomeus, Ignasi, Garibaldi, Lucas A., Garratt, Michael P. D., Howlett, Brad G., Winfree, Rachael, Cunningham, Saul A., Mayfield, Margaret M., Arthur, Anthony D., Andersson, Georg K. S., Bommarco, Riccardo, Brittain, Claire, Carvalheiro, Luísa G., Chacoff, Natacha P., Entling, Martin H., Foully, Benjamin, Freitas, Breno M., Gemmill-Herren, Barbara, Ghazoul, Jaboury, Griffin, Sean R., Gross, Caroline L., Herbertsson, Lina, Herzog, Felix, Hipólito, Juliana, Jaggar, Sue, Jauker, Frank, Klein, Alexandra-Maria, Kleijn, David, Krishnan, Smitha, Lemos, Camila Q., Lindström, Sandra A. M., Mandelik, Yael, Monteiro, Victor M., Nelson, Warrick, Nilsson, Lovisa, Pattemore, David E., de O. Pereira, Natália, Pisanty, Gideon, Potts, Simon G., Reemer, Menno, Rundlöf, Maj, Sheffield, Cory S., Scheper, Jeroen, Schüepp, Christof, Smith, Henrik G., Stanley, Dara A., Stout, Jane C., Szentgyörgyi, Hajnalka, Taki, Hisatomo, Vergara, Carlos H., Viana, Blandina F., and Woyciechowski, Michal
- Published
- 2016
21. Trait matching of flower visitors and crops predicts fruit set better than trait diversity
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Garibaldi, Lucas A., Bartomeus, Ignasi, Bommarco, Riccardo, Klein, Alexandra M., Cunningham, Saul A., Aizen, Marcelo A., Boreux, Virginie, Garratt, Michael P. D., Carvalheiro, Luísa G., Kremen, Claire, Morales, Carolina L., Schüepp, Christof, Chacoff, Natacha P., Freitas, Breno M., Gagic, Vesna, Holzschuh, Andrea, Klatt, Björn K., Krewenka, Kristin M., Krishnan, Smitha, Mayfield, Margaret M., Motzke, Iris, Otieno, Mark, Petersen, Jessica, Potts, Simon G., Ricketts, Taylor H., Rundlöf, Maj, Sciligo, Amber, Sinu, Palatty Allesh, Steffan-Dewenter, Ingolf, Taki, Hisatomo, Tscharntke, Teja, Vergara, Carlos H., Viana, Blandina F., and Woyciechowski, Michal
- Published
- 2015
22. Addressing pollination deficits in orchard crops through habitat management for wild pollinators
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Garratt, Michael P. D., primary, O'Connor, Rory S., additional, Carvell, Claire, additional, Fountain, Michelle T., additional, Breeze, Tom D., additional, Pywell, Richard, additional, Redhead, John W., additional, Kinneen, Lois, additional, Mitschunas, Nadine, additional, Truslove, Louise, additional, Xavier e Silva, Celina, additional, Jenner, Nigel, additional, Ashdown, Caroline, additional, Brittain, Claire, additional, McKerchar, Megan, additional, Butcher, Charnee, additional, Edwards, Mike, additional, Nowakowski, Marek, additional, Sutton, Peter, additional, and Potts, Simon G., additional
- Published
- 2022
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23. The effects of non‐crop habitat on spotted wing drosophila (Drosophila suzukii) abundance in fruit systems: a meta‐analysis
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Buck, Nicolas, Fountain, Michelle T., Potts, Simon G., Bishop, Jacob, and Garratt, Michael P. D.
- Abstract
Drosophila suzukii (SWD) poses a threat to soft and stone fruit globally. SWD inhabits non-crop areas adjacent to farms from where it moves into crops to cause damage. Effective IPM control strategies, considering both the crop and non-crop area, are needed to control this economically important pest.\ud We conducted a meta-analysis to quantify the impacts of different non-crop habitats around fruit farms on SWD populations, comparing abundance of SWD trapped in crop and non-crop habitats.\ud Overall, SWD abundance was greater in non-crop habitats than in cropped areas and this difference was greatest in farms adjacent to woodland, or field margins containing known SWD host plants.\ud The difference in SWD abundance between crop and non-crop habitats was not affected by crop type but was greatest in the winter months and in conventional compared to organic farms, indicating conventional approaches can reduce relative SWD abundance.\ud Drosophila suzukii overwinter in non-crop habitats which provide refuge outside the cropping season. However, certain habitats support greater relative abundance of SWD than others and this is also affected by farm management. We discuss what these findings mean for effective control of SWD.
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- 2022
24. Stability of crop pollinator occurrence is influenced by bee community composition
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Hutchinson, Louise A., primary, Oliver, Tom H., additional, Breeze, Tom D., additional, Greenwell, Matthew P., additional, Powney, Gary D., additional, and Garratt, Michael P. D., additional
- Published
- 2022
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25. Animal pollination increases stability of crop yield across spatial scales
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Bishop, Jacob, primary, Garratt, Michael P. D., additional, and Nakagawa, Shinichi, additional
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- 2022
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26. Wild bees are less abundant but show better pollination behaviour for sweet cherry than managed pollinators
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Mateos‐Fierro, Zeus, Garratt, Michael P. D., Fountain, Michelle T., Ashbrook, Kate, and Westbury, Duncan B.
- Abstract
Pollinating insects provide pollination services to many crop species, including sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.), and this can be delivered by both managed and wild pollinators. Managed pollinators are often used to pollinate a range of fruit crops, but increasingly the role of wild insects is being studied. However, the importance of pollinator species depends on their relative abundance and pollination effectiveness, which depends on their foraging activity and their variability throughout the day. In this study, insect visitors of blossoms were observed in commercial sweet cherry orchards to explore abundance, diversity and pollination foraging behaviour of different insect pollinator groups throughout the day. A total of 1,174 pollinators from 31 different species were recorded visiting cherry blossoms over 2 years, of which 71.0% of total visits were by managed pollinators (western honeybee, Apis mellifera L. and buff-tailed bumblebee, Bombus terrestris L.) compared to 29.0% by wild pollinators. On average, solitary bees visited a sweet cherry blossom for the longest duration (20.7 (±2.0 SE) seconds), whereas wild queen bumblebees visited the greatest number of flowers per minute (mean of 19.0 (±1.3 SE)). As both these pollinator groups contacted cherry stigmas more often and moved more frequently between tree rows than managed bees and hoverflies, they are more likely to facilitate cross-pollination. The different pollinator groups also showed variation in behavioural parameters throughout the day, but less variation was recorded when all pollinator groups were considered altogether. This suggests diverse pollinator communities might be expected to provide a more stable pollination service to sweet cherry. This study demonstrates that whilst cherry blossoms were more frequently visited by managed pollinators, wild solitary bee and bumblebee behaviours are likely to be more effective at enhancing pollination in sweet cherry orchards, which, in turn, might lead to increased yields.
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- 2022
27. The effects of non‐crop habitat on spotted wing drosophila (Drosophila suzukii) abundance in fruit systems: A meta‐analysis.
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Buck, Nicolas, Fountain, Michelle T., Potts, Simon G., Bishop, Jacob, and Garratt, Michael P. D.
- Subjects
DROSOPHILA suzukii ,FARM management ,STONE fruit ,WOODLOTS ,HABITATS - Abstract
Drosophila suzukii (SWD) poses a threat to soft and stone fruit globally. SWD inhabits non‐crop areas adjacent to farms from where it moves into crops to cause damage. Effective IPM control strategies, considering both the crop and non‐crop area, are needed to control this economically important pest.We conducted a meta‐analysis to quantify the impacts of different non‐crop habitats around fruit farms on SWD populations, comparing abundance of SWD trapped in crop and non‐crop habitats.Overall, SWD abundance was greater in non‐crop habitats than in cropped areas and this difference was greatest in farms adjacent to woodland, or field margins containing known SWD host plants.The difference in SWD abundance between crop and non‐crop habitats was not affected by crop type but was greatest in the winter months and in conventional compared to organic farms, indicating conventional approaches can reduce relative SWD abundance.Drosophila suzukii overwinter in non‐crop habitats which provide refuge outside the cropping season. However, certain habitats support greater relative abundance of SWD than others and this is also affected by farm management. We discuss what these findings mean for effective control of SWD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. Addressing pollination deficits in orchard crops through habitat management for wild pollinators.
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Garratt, Michael P. D., O'Connor, Rory S., Carvell, Claire, Fountain, Michelle T., Breeze, Tom D., Pywell, Richard, Redhead, John W., Kinneen, Lois, Mitschunas, Nadine, Truslove, Louise, Xavier e Silva, Celina, Jenner, Nigel, Ashdown, Caroline, Brittain, Claire, McKerchar, Megan, Butcher, Charnee, Edwards, Mike, Nowakowski, Marek, Sutton, Peter, and Potts, Simon G.
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WILD flowers ,POLLINATORS ,POLLINATION ,POLLINATION by insects ,ORCHARDS ,APPLE orchards ,FRUIT seeds - Abstract
There is increasing evidence that farmers in many areas are achieving below maximum yields due to insufficient pollination. Practical and effective approaches are needed to maintain wild pollinator populations within agroecosystems so they can deliver critical pollination services that underpin crop production. We established nesting and wildflower habitat interventions in 24 UK apple orchards and measured effects on flower‐visiting insects and the pollination they provide, exploring how this was affected by landscape context. We quantified the extent of pollination deficits and assessed whether the management of wild pollinators can reduce deficits and deliver improved outcomes for growers over 3 years. Wildflower interventions increased solitary bee numbers visiting apple flowers by over 20%, but there was no effect of nesting interventions. Other pollinator groups were influenced by both local and landscape‐scale factors, with bumblebees and hoverflies responding to the relative proportion of semi‐natural habitat at larger spatial scales (1000 m), while honeybees and other flies responded at 500 m or less. By improving fruit number and quality, pollinators contributed more than £16 k per hectare. However, deficits (where maximum potential was not being reached due to a lack of pollination) were recorded and the extent of these varied across orchards, and from year to year, with a 22% deficit in output in the worst (equivalent to ~£14 k/ha) compared to less than 3% (equivalent to ~£2 k/ha) in the best year. Although no direct effect of our habitat interventions on deficits in gross output was observed, initial fruit set and seed set deficits were reduced by abundant bumblebees, and orchards with a greater abundance of solitary bees saw lower deficits in fruit size. The abundance of pollinators in apple orchards is influenced by different local and landscape factors that interact and vary between years. Consequently, pollination, and the extent of economic output deficits, also vary between orchards and years. We highlight how approaches, including establishing wildflower areas and optimizing the ratio of cropped and non‐cropped habitats can increase the abundance of key apple pollinators and improve outcomes for growers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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29. Rapid assessment of insect pollination services to inform decision‐making
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Ratto, Fabrizia, primary, Breeze, Tom D., additional, Cole, Lorna J., additional, Garratt, Michael P. D., additional, Kleijn, David, additional, Kunin, Bill, additional, Michez, Denis, additional, O'Connor, Rory, additional, Ollerton, Jeff, additional, Paxton, Robert J., additional, Poppy, Guy M., additional, Potts, Simon G., additional, Senapathi, Deepa, additional, Shaw, Rosalind, additional, Dicks, Lynn V., additional, and Peh, Kelvin S.‐H., additional
- Published
- 2022
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30. CropPol: A dynamic, open and global database on crop pollination
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Allen‐Perkins, Alfonso, primary, Magrach, Ainhoa, additional, Dainese, Matteo, additional, Garibaldi, Lucas A., additional, Kleijn, David, additional, Rader, Romina, additional, Reilly, James R., additional, Winfree, Rachael, additional, Lundin, Ola, additional, McGrady, Carley M., additional, Brittain, Claire, additional, Biddinger, David J., additional, Artz, Derek R., additional, Elle, Elizabeth, additional, Hoffman, George, additional, Ellis, James D., additional, Daniels, Jaret, additional, Gibbs, Jason, additional, Campbell, Joshua W., additional, Brokaw, Julia, additional, Wilson, Julianna K., additional, Mason, Keith, additional, Ward, Kimiora L., additional, Gundersen, Knute B., additional, Bobiwash, Kyle, additional, Gut, Larry, additional, Rowe, Logan M., additional, Boyle, Natalie K., additional, Williams, Neal M., additional, Joshi, Neelendra K., additional, Rothwell, Nikki, additional, Gillespie, Robert L., additional, Isaacs, Rufus, additional, Fleischer, Shelby J., additional, Peterson, Stephen S., additional, Rao, Sujaya, additional, Pitts‐Singer, Theresa L., additional, Fijen, Thijs, additional, Boreux, Virginie, additional, Rundlöf, Maj, additional, Viana, Blandina Felipe, additional, Klein, Alexandra‐Maria, additional, Smith, Henrik G., additional, Bommarco, Riccardo, additional, Carvalheiro, Luísa G., additional, Ricketts, Taylor H., additional, Ghazoul, Jaboury, additional, Krishnan, Smitha, additional, Benjamin, Faye E., additional, Loureiro, João, additional, Castro, Sílvia, additional, Raine, Nigel E., additional, de Groot, Gerard Arjen, additional, Horgan, Finbarr G., additional, Hipólito, Juliana, additional, Smagghe, Guy, additional, Meeus, Ivan, additional, Eeraerts, Maxime, additional, Potts, Simon G., additional, Kremen, Claire, additional, García, Daniel, additional, Miñarro, Marcos, additional, Crowder, David W., additional, Pisanty, Gideon, additional, Mandelik, Yael, additional, Vereecken, Nicolas J., additional, Leclercq, Nicolas, additional, Weekers, Timothy, additional, Lindstrom, Sandra A. M., additional, Stanley, Dara A., additional, Zaragoza‐Trello, Carlos, additional, Nicholson, Charlie C., additional, Scheper, Jeroen, additional, Rad, Carlos, additional, Marks, Evan A. N., additional, Mota, Lucie, additional, Danforth, Bryan, additional, Park, Mia, additional, Bezerra, Antônio Diego M., additional, Freitas, Breno M., additional, Mallinger, Rachel E., additional, Oliveira da Silva, Fabiana, additional, Willcox, Bryony, additional, Ramos, Davi L., additional, D. da Silva e Silva, Felipe, additional, Lázaro, Amparo, additional, Alomar, David, additional, González‐Estévez, Miguel A., additional, Taki, Hisatomo, additional, Cariveau, Daniel P., additional, Garratt, Michael P. D., additional, Nabaes Jodar, Diego N., additional, Stewart, Rebecca I. A., additional, Ariza, Daniel, additional, Pisman, Matti, additional, Lichtenberg, Elinor M., additional, Schüepp, Christof, additional, Herzog, Felix, additional, Entling, Martin H., additional, Dupont, Yoko L., additional, Michener, Charles D., additional, Daily, Gretchen C., additional, Ehrlich, Paul R., additional, Burns, Katherine L. W., additional, Vilà, Montserrat, additional, Robson, Andrew, additional, Howlett, Brad, additional, Blechschmidt, Leah, additional, Jauker, Frank, additional, Schwarzbach, Franziska, additional, Nesper, Maike, additional, Diekötter, Tim, additional, Wolters, Volkmar, additional, Castro, Helena, additional, Gaspar, Hugo, additional, Nault, Brian A., additional, Badenhausser, Isabelle, additional, Petersen, Jessica D., additional, Tscharntke, Teja, additional, Bretagnolle, Vincent, additional, Willis Chan, D. Susan, additional, Chacoff, Natacha, additional, Andersson, Georg K. S., additional, Jha, Shalene, additional, Colville, Jonathan F., additional, Veldtman, Ruan, additional, Coutinho, Jeferson, additional, Bianchi, Felix J. J. A., additional, Sutter, Louis, additional, Albrecht, Matthias, additional, Jeanneret, Philippe, additional, Zou, Yi, additional, Averill, Anne L., additional, Saez, Agustin, additional, Sciligo, Amber R., additional, Vergara, Carlos H., additional, Bloom, Elias H., additional, Oeller, Elisabeth, additional, Badano, Ernesto I., additional, Loeb, Gregory M., additional, Grab, Heather, additional, Ekroos, Johan, additional, Gagic, Vesna, additional, Cunningham, Saul A., additional, Åström, Jens, additional, Cavigliasso, Pablo, additional, Trillo, Alejandro, additional, Classen, Alice, additional, Mauchline, Alice L., additional, Montero‐Castaño, Ana, additional, Wilby, Andrew, additional, Woodcock, Ben A., additional, Sidhu, C. Sheena, additional, Steffan‐Dewenter, Ingolf, additional, Vogiatzakis, Ioannis N., additional, Herrera, José M., additional, Otieno, Mark, additional, Gikungu, Mary W., additional, Cusser, Sarah J., additional, Nauss, Thomas, additional, Nilsson, Lovisa, additional, Knapp, Jessica, additional, Ortega‐Marcos, Jorge J., additional, González, José A., additional, Osborne, Juliet L., additional, Blanche, Rosalind, additional, Shaw, Rosalind F., additional, Hevia, Violeta, additional, Stout, Jane, additional, Arthur, Anthony D., additional, Blochtein, Betina, additional, Szentgyorgyi, Hajnalka, additional, Li, Jin, additional, Mayfield, Margaret M., additional, Woyciechowski, Michał, additional, Nunes‐Silva, Patrícia, additional, Halinski de Oliveira, Rosana, additional, Henry, Steve, additional, Simmons, Benno I., additional, Dalsgaard, Bo, additional, Hansen, Katrine, additional, Sritongchuay, Tuanjit, additional, O'Reilly, Alison D., additional, Chamorro García, Fermín José, additional, Nates Parra, Guiomar, additional, Magalhães Pigozo, Camila, additional, and Bartomeus, Ignasi, additional
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. Opportunities to reduce pollination deficits and address production shortfalls in an important \ud insect pollinated crop
- Author
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Garratt, Michael P. D., de Groot, G. A., Albrecht, Matthias, Bosch, Jordi, Breeze, Tom D., Fountain, Michelle T., Klein, Alex M., McKerchar, Megan, Park, M., Paxton, Robert J., Potts, Simon G., Pufal, Gesine, Rader, Romina, Senapathi, Grace D., Andersson, Georg K. S., Bernauer, Olivia M., Blitzer, Eleanor J., Boreux, Virginie, Campbell, Alistair, Carvell, Claire, Földesi, Rita, García, Daniel, Garibaldi, Lucas A., Hambäck, Peter A., Kirkitadze, Giorgi, Kovács-Hostyánszki, Aniko, Martins, Kyle T., Miñarro, Marcos, O’Connor, Rory, Radzeviciute, Rita, Roquer-Beni, Laura, Samnegård, Ulrika, Scott, Lorraine, Vereecken, Nicholas J., Wäckers, Felix, Webber, Sean, Japoshvili, George, and Zhusupbaeva, Aigul
- Abstract
Pollinators face multiple pressures and there is evidence of populations in decline. As demand for insect-pollinated crops increases, crop production is threatened by shortfalls in pollination services. Understanding the extent of current yield deficits due to pollination and identifying opportunities to protect or improve crop yield and quality through pollination management is therefore of international importance. To explore the extent of ‘pollination deficits’, where maximum yield is not being achieved due to insufficient pollination, we use an extensive dataset on a globally important crop, apples. We quantified how these deficits vary between orchards and countries as well as compare ‘pollinator dependence’ across different apple varieties. We found evidence of pollination deficits and in some cases, risks of over-pollination were even apparent where fruit quality could be reduced by too much pollination. In almost all regions studied we found some orchards performing significantly better than others, in terms of avoiding a pollination deficit and crop yield shortfalls due to sub-optimal pollination. This represents an opportunity to improve production through better pollinator and crop management. Our findings also demonstrate that pollinator dependence varies considerably between apple varieties in terms of fruit number and fruit quality. We propose that assessments of pollination service and deficits in crops can be used to quantify supply and demand for pollinators and help target local management to address deficits although crop variety has a strong influence on the role of pollinators.
- Published
- 2021
32. Field boundary features can stabilise bee populations and the pollination of mass-fowering crops in rotational systems
- Author
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Gardner, Emma, Breeze, Tom D., Clough, Yann, Smith, Henrik G., Baldock, Katherine C. R., Campbell, Alistair, Garratt, Michael P. D., Gillespie, Mark A. K., Kunin, William E., McKerchar, Megan, Potts, Simon G., Senapathi, Deepa, Stone, Graham N., Wackers, Felix, Westbury, Duncan B., Wilby, Andrew, and Oliver, Tom H.
- Abstract
1. Pollinators experience large spatio-temporal fluctuations in resource availability when mass-flowering crops are rotated with resource-poor cereal crops. Yet, few studies have considered the effect this has on pollinator population stability, nor how this might be mitigated to maintain consistent crop pollination services.\ud 2. We assess the potential of boundary features (standard narrow 1m grassy margins, hedgerows and wide 4m agri-environment margins) to support and stabilise pollinator populations and pollination service in agricultural landscapes under crop rotation. Assuming a six-year rotation, we use a process-based pollinator model to predict yearly pollinator population size and in-crop visitation rates to oilseed rape and field bean across 117 study landscapes in England with varying amounts of boundary features. We model both ground-nesting bumblebees and solitary bees and compare the predictions including and excluding boundary features from the landscapes.\ud 3. Ground-nesting bumblebee populations, whose longer-lifetime colonies bene�t from continuity of resources, were larger and more stable (relative to the no-features scenario) in landscapes with more boundary features. Ground-nesting solitary bee populations were also larger but not significantly more stable, except with the introduction of wide permanent agri-environment margins, due to their shorter lifetimes and shorter foraging/dispersal ranges.\ud 4. Crop visitation by ground-nesting bumblebees was greater and more stable in landscapes with more boundary features, partly due to increased colony growth prior to crop \ud flowering. Time averaged crop visitation by ground-nesting solitary bees was slightly lower, due to females dividing their foraging time between boundary features and the crop, but the more stable delivery compensated for this by nonetheless increasing the minimum pollination service delivered in any given year.\ud 5. Synthesis and applications. Boundary features have an important role in stabilising pollinator populations and pollination service in rotational systems, although maintenance of larger semi-natural habitat patches may be more effective for stabilising less mobile solitary bee populations. We recommend using combinations of boundary features, accounting for pollinator range when spacing features/rotating crops, and synchronising boundary feature management with crop rotation to maximise their stabilising benefits.
- Published
- 2021
33. Inventorying and monitoring crop pollinating bees: Evaluating the effectiveness of common sampling methods
- Author
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Hutchinson, Louise A., primary, Oliver, Tom H., additional, Breeze, Tom D., additional, O'Connor, Rory S., additional, Potts, Simon G., additional, Roberts, Stuart P. M., additional, and Garratt, Michael P. D., additional
- Published
- 2021
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- View/download PDF
34. Neonicotinoid pesticide exposure impairs crop pollination services provided by bumblebees
- Author
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Stanley, Dara A., Garratt, Michael P. D., Wickens, Jennifer B., Wickens, Victoria J., Potts, Simon G., and Raine, Nigel E.
- Published
- 2015
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- View/download PDF
35. Correction: Corrigendum: Delivery of crop pollination services is an insufficient argument for wild pollinator conservation
- Author
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Kleijn, David, Winfree, Rachael, Bartomeus, Ignasi, Carvalheiro, Luísa G, Henry, Mickaël, Isaacs, Rufus, Klein, Alexandra-Maria, Kremen, Claire, M’Gonigle, Leithen K., Rader, Romina, Ricketts, Taylor H., Williams, Neal M., Adamson, Nancy Lee, Ascher, John S., Báldi, András, Batáry, Péter, Benjamin, Faye, Biesmeijer, Jacobus C., Blitzer, Eleanor J., Bommarco, Riccardo, Brand, Mariëtte R., Bretagnolle, Vincent, Button, Lindsey, Cariveau, Daniel P., Chifflet, Rémy, Colville, Jonathan F., Danforth, Bryan N., Elle, Elizabeth, Garratt, Michael P. D., Herzog, Felix, Holzschuh, Andrea, Howlett, Brad G., Jauker, Frank, Jha, Shalene, Knop, Eva, Krewenka, Kristin M., Le Féon, Violette, Mandelik, Yael, May, Emily A., Park, Mia G., Pisanty, Gideon, Reemer, Menno, Riedinger, Verena, Rollin, Orianne, Rundlöf, Maj, Sardiñas, Hillary S., Scheper, Jeroen, Sciligo, Amber R., Smith, Henrik G., Steffan-Dewenter, Ingolf, Thorp, Robbin, Tscharntke, Teja, Verhulst, Jort, Viana, Blandina F., Vaissiére, Bernard E., Veldtman, Ruan, Ward, Kimiora L., Westphal, Catrin, and Potts, Simon G.
- Published
- 2016
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- View/download PDF
36. Wild insect diversity increases inter-annual stability in global crop pollinator communities
- Author
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Senapathi, Deepa, Fruend, Jochen, Albrecht, Matthias, Garratt, Michael P. D., Kleijn, David, Pickles, Brian J., Potts, Simon G., An, Jiandong, Andersson, Georg K. S., Baensch, Svenja, Basu, Parthiba, Benjamin, Faye, Bezerra, Antonio Diego M., Bhattacharya, Ritam, Biesmeijer, Jacobus C., Blaauw, Brett, Blitzer, Eleanor J., Brittain, Claire A., Carvalheiro, Luisa G., Cariveau, Daniel P., Chakraborty, Pushan, Chatterjee, Arnob, Cusser, Sarah, Danforth, Bryan N., Degani, Erika, Freitas, Breno M., Garibaldi, Lucas A., Geslin, Benoit, de Groot, G. Arjen, Harrison, Tina, Howlett, Brad, Isaacs, Rufus, Jha, Shalene, Klatt, Bjorn Kristian, Krewenka, Kristin, Leigh, Samuel, Lindström, Sandra, Mandelik, Yael, McKerchar, Megan, Park, Mia, Pisanty, Gideon, Rader, Romina., Reemer, Menno, Rundlof, Maj, Smith, Barbara, Silva, Patricia Nunes, Steffan-Dewenter, Ingolf, Tscharntke, Teja, Webber, Sean, Westbury, Duncan B., Westphal, Catrin, Wickens, Jennifer B., Winfree, Rachael, Zhang, Hong, and Klein, Alexandra-Maria
- Subjects
Ecology ,food and beverages - Abstract
While an increasing number of studies indicate that the range, diversity and abundance of many wild pollinators has declined, the global area of pollinator-dependent crops has significantly increased over the last few decades. Crop pollination studies to date have mainly focused on either identifying different guilds pollinating various crops, or on factors driving spatial changes and turnover observed in these communities. The mechanisms driving temporal stability for ecosystem functioning and services, however, remain poorly understood. Our study quantifies temporal variability observed in crop pollinators in 21 different crops across multiple years at a global scale. Using data from 43 studies from six continents, we show that (i) higher pollinator diversity confers greater inter-annual stability in pollinator communities, (ii) temporal variation observed in pollinator abundance is primarily driven by the three-most dominant species, and (iii) crops in tropical regions demonstrate higher inter-annual variability in pollinator species richness than crops in temperate regions. We highlight the importance of recognizing wild pollinator diversity in agricultural landscapes to stabilize pollinator persistence across years to protect both biodiversity and crop pollination services. Short-term agricultural management practices aimed at dominant species for stabilizing pollination services need to be considered alongside longer term conservation goals focussed on maintaining and facilitating biodiversity to confer ecological stability.
- Published
- 2021
37. Inventorying and monitoring crop pollinating bees: Evaluating the effectiveness of common sampling methods.
- Author
-
Hutchinson, Louise A., Oliver, Tom H., Breeze, Tom D., O'Connor, Rory S., Potts, Simon G., Roberts, Stuart P. M., and Garratt, Michael P. D.
- Subjects
POLLINATORS ,POLLINATION ,BEES ,SAMPLING methods ,CROPS ,BODY size ,INVENTORIES - Abstract
Wild bees provide a critical ecosystem service by pollinating globally important crops. Documented bee declines, notably in agricultural landscapes, therefore threaten future food security. Yet, evaluations of methods to inventory bees are rarely carried out in different crops or focus specifically upon crop pollinating species.We utilise standardised field datasets to elucidate differences in the capacity of transect walks, observation plots and pan traps to sample wild bee pollinator communities in four contrasting crops. Our results indicate that individual survey methods detect different components of crop pollinator communities, with guild and body size potentially important causal factors behind these differences.Transects detected half or less of the total potential pollinator community in three of our four study crops. Whilst transects were the most efficient method for sampling bumblebees, they often missed smaller solitary species, which were most efficiently sampled by yellow pan traps.Crop type is likely an important determinant of the most suitable survey methods to sample bee pollinator communities. Whilst transects alone are sufficient in crops pollinated predominantly by bumblebees, pan traps, and potentially observation plots, may be an important addition in some crops where smaller solitary bee species are potentially important pollinators.Our results indicate that the most efficient methods to sample bee species in agricultural landscapes are dependent upon crop type and pollinator community composition. We use our findings to make a set of recommendations on the inventorying and monitoring of bee pollinator crop communities that can inform regional and national monitoring programmes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Wild insect diversity increases inter-annual stability in global crop pollinator communities
- Author
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Senapathi, Deepa, primary, Fründ, Jochen, additional, Albrecht, Matthias, additional, Garratt, Michael P. D., additional, Kleijn, David, additional, Pickles, Brian J., additional, Potts, Simon G., additional, An, Jiandong, additional, Andersson, Georg K. S., additional, Bänsch, Svenja, additional, Basu, Parthiba, additional, Benjamin, Faye, additional, Bezerra, Antonio Diego M., additional, Bhattacharya, Ritam, additional, Biesmeijer, Jacobus C., additional, Blaauw, Brett, additional, Blitzer, Eleanor J., additional, Brittain, Claire A., additional, Carvalheiro, Luísa G., additional, Cariveau, Daniel P., additional, Chakraborty, Pushan, additional, Chatterjee, Arnob, additional, Chatterjee, Soumik, additional, Cusser, Sarah, additional, Danforth, Bryan N., additional, Degani, Erika, additional, Freitas, Breno M., additional, Garibaldi, Lucas A., additional, Geslin, Benoit, additional, de Groot, G. Arjen, additional, Harrison, Tina, additional, Howlett, Brad, additional, Isaacs, Rufus, additional, Jha, Shalene, additional, Klatt, Björn Kristian, additional, Krewenka, Kristin, additional, Leigh, Samuel, additional, Lindström, Sandra A. M., additional, Mandelik, Yael, additional, McKerchar, Megan, additional, Park, Mia, additional, Pisanty, Gideon, additional, Rader, Romina, additional, Reemer, Menno, additional, Rundlöf, Maj, additional, Smith, Barbara, additional, Smith, Henrik G., additional, Silva, Patrícia Nunes, additional, Steffan-Dewenter, Ingolf, additional, Tscharntke, Teja, additional, Webber, Sean, additional, Westbury, Duncan B., additional, Westphal, Catrin, additional, Wickens, Jennifer B., additional, Wickens, Victoria J., additional, Winfree, Rachael, additional, Zhang, Hong, additional, and Klein, Alexandra-Maria, additional
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. The role of insect pollinators in avocado production: A global review
- Author
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Dymond, Keira, primary, Celis‐Diez, Juan L., additional, Potts, Simon G., additional, Howlett, Brad G., additional, Willcox, Bryony K., additional, and Garratt, Michael P. D., additional
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. Enhancing legume crop pollination and natural pest regulation for improved food security in changing African landscapes
- Author
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Otieno, Mark, Steffan-Dewenter, Ingolf, Potts, Simon G, Kinuthia, Wanja, Kasina, Muo John, and Garratt, Michael P D
- Subjects
fungi ,food and beverages - Abstract
Legumes are important crops for food security, consumed by millions of people especially in Africa where they are an essential protein source and provide key vitamins and minerals. Most legumes depend on insect pollination and natural pest regulation for sufficient yields, however, there is emerging evidence that yield gaps caused by lack of pollination and/or pest pressure may be common. Here we review the literature reporting on pollinators and natural enemies contributing to legume crop yields, and the impact of land-use change on the services provided by these beneficial organisms. We identify strategies for enhancing the benefits of pollination and natural pest control in legumes and propose policy and practice interventions for better utilization of pollinators and natural enemies in legume cropping systems in Africa.
- Published
- 2020
41. Chapter six - transformation of agricultural landscapes in the Anthropocene: nature's contributions to people, agriculture and food security
- Author
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Vanbergen, Adam J., Aizen, Marcelo A., Cordeau, Stephane, Garibaldi, Lucas A., Garratt, Michael P. D., Kovács-Hostyánszki, Anikó, Lecuyer, Lou, Ngo, Hien T., Potts, Simon G., Settele, Josef, Skrimizea, Eirini, Young, Juliette C., Bohan, David A., and Vanbergen, Adam J.
- Abstract
Multiple anthropogenic challenges threaten nature's contributions to human well-being. Agricultural expansion and conventional intensification are degrading biodiversity and ecosystem functions, thereby undermining the natural foundations on which agriculture is itself built. Averting the worst effects of global environmental change and assuring ecosystem benefits, requires a transformation of agriculture. Alternative agricultural systems to conventional intensification exist, ranging from adjustments to efficiency (e.g. sustainable intensification) to a redesign (e.g. ecological intensification, climate-smart agriculture) of the farm management system. These alternatives vary in their reliance on nature or technology, the level of systemic change required to operate, and impacts on biodiversity, landscapes and agricultural production. Different socio-economic, ecological and political settings mean there is no universal solution, instead there are a suite of interoperable practices that can be adapted to different contexts to maximise efficiency, sustainability and resilience. Social, economic, technological and demographic issues will influence the form of sustainable agriculture and effects on landscapes and biodiversity. These include: (1) the socio-technical-ecological architecture of agricultural and food systems and trends such as urbanisation in affecting the mode of production, diets, lifestyles and attitudes; (2) emerging technologies, such as gene editing, synthetic biology and 3D bioprinting of meat; and (3) the scale or state of the existing farm system, especially pertinent for smallholder agriculture. Agricultural transformation will require multifunctional landscape planning with cross-sectoral and participatory management to avoid unintended consequences and ultimately depends on people's capacity to accept new ways of operating in response to the current environmental crisis.
- Published
- 2020
42. Rural livelihood diversity and its influence on the ecological intensification potential of smallholder farms in Kenya
- Author
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Kansiime, Monica K., primary, Girling, Robbie D., additional, Mugambi, Idah, additional, Mulema, Joseph, additional, Oduor, George, additional, Chacha, Duncan, additional, Ouvrard, David, additional, Kinuthia, Wanja, additional, and Garratt, Michael P. D., additional
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. Reliably predicting pollinator abundance: Challenges of calibrating process‐based ecological models
- Author
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Gardner, Emma, primary, Breeze, Tom D., additional, Clough, Yann, additional, Smith, Henrik G., additional, Baldock, Katherine C. R., additional, Campbell, Alistair, additional, Garratt, Michael P. D., additional, Gillespie, Mark A. K., additional, Kunin, William E., additional, McKerchar, Megan, additional, Memmott, Jane, additional, Potts, Simon G., additional, Senapathi, Deepa, additional, Stone, Graham N., additional, Wäckers, Felix, additional, Westbury, Duncan B., additional, Wilby, Andrew, additional, and Oliver, Tom H., additional
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. Monitoring insect pollinators and flower visitation: The effectiveness and feasibility of different survey methods
- Author
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O'Connor, Rory S., primary, Kunin, William E., additional, Garratt, Michael P. D., additional, Potts, Simon G., additional, Roy, Helen E., additional, Andrews, Christopher, additional, Jones, Catherine M., additional, Peyton, Jodey M., additional, Savage, Joanna, additional, Harvey, Martin C., additional, Morris, Roger K. A., additional, Roberts, Stuart P. M., additional, Wright, Ivan, additional, Vanbergen, Adam J., additional, and Carvell, Claire, additional
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. A global synthesis reveals biodiversity-mediated benefits for crop production
- Author
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Dainese, Matteo, primary, Martin, Emily A., additional, Aizen, Marcelo A., additional, Albrecht, Matthias, additional, Bartomeus, Ignasi, additional, Bommarco, Riccardo, additional, Carvalheiro, Luisa G., additional, Chaplin-Kramer, Rebecca, additional, Gagic, Vesna, additional, Garibaldi, Lucas A., additional, Ghazoul, Jaboury, additional, Grab, Heather, additional, Jonsson, Mattias, additional, Karp, Daniel S., additional, Kennedy, Christina M., additional, Kleijn, David, additional, Kremen, Claire, additional, Landis, Douglas A., additional, Letourneau, Deborah K., additional, Marini, Lorenzo, additional, Poveda, Katja, additional, Rader, Romina, additional, Smith, Henrik G., additional, Tscharntke, Teja, additional, Andersson, Georg K. S., additional, Badenhausser, Isabelle, additional, Baensch, Svenja, additional, Bezerra, Antonio Diego M., additional, Bianchi, Felix J. J. A., additional, Boreux, Virginie, additional, Bretagnolle, Vincent, additional, Caballero-Lopez, Berta, additional, Cavigliasso, Pablo, additional, Ćetković, Aleksandar, additional, Chacoff, Natacha P., additional, Classen, Alice, additional, Cusser, Sarah, additional, da Silva e Silva, Felipe D., additional, de Groot, G. Arjen, additional, Dudenhöffer, Jan H., additional, Ekroos, Johan, additional, Fijen, Thijs, additional, Franck, Pierre, additional, Freitas, Breno M., additional, Garratt, Michael P. D., additional, Gratton, Claudio, additional, Hipólito, Juliana, additional, Holzschuh, Andrea, additional, Hunt, Lauren, additional, Iverson, Aaron L., additional, Jha, Shalene, additional, Keasar, Tamar, additional, Kim, Tania N., additional, Kishinevsky, Miriam, additional, Klatt, Björn K., additional, Klein, Alexandra-Maria, additional, Krewenka, Kristin M., additional, Krishnan, Smitha, additional, Larsen, Ashley E., additional, Lavigne, Claire, additional, Liere, Heidi, additional, Maas, Bea, additional, Mallinger, Rachel E., additional, Martinez Pachon, Eliana, additional, Martínez-Salinas, Alejandra, additional, Meehan, Timothy D., additional, Mitchell, Matthew G. E., additional, Molina, Gonzalo A. R., additional, Nesper, Maike, additional, Nilsson, Lovisa, additional, O'Rourke, Megan E., additional, Peters, Marcell K., additional, Plećaš, Milan, additional, Potts, Simon G., additional, Ramos, Davi de L., additional, Rosenheim, Jay A., additional, Rundlöf, Maj, additional, Rusch, Adrien, additional, Sáez, Agustín, additional, Scheper, Jeroen, additional, Schleuning, Matthias, additional, Schmack, Julia M., additional, Sciligo, Amber R., additional, Seymour, Colleen, additional, Stanley, Dara A., additional, Stewart, Rebecca, additional, Stout, Jane C., additional, Sutter, Louis, additional, Takada, Mayura B., additional, Taki, Hisatomo, additional, Tamburini, Giovanni, additional, Tschumi, Matthias, additional, Viana, Blandina F., additional, Westphal, Catrin, additional, Willcox, Bryony K., additional, Wratten, Stephen D., additional, Yoshioka, Akira, additional, Zaragoza-Trello, Carlos, additional, Zhang, Wei, additional, Zou, Yi, additional, and Steffan-Dewenter, Ingolf, additional
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. Combined effects of agrochemicals and ecosystem services\ud on crop yield across Europe
- Author
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Gagic, Vesna, Kleijn, David, Báldic, András, Boros, Gergely, Bracht Jorgensen, Helene, Elek, Zoltán, Garratt, Michael P. D., De Grootx, G. Arjen, Hedlund, Katarina, Kovács-Hostyánszki, Anikó, Marini, Lorenzo, Martin, Emily, Pevere, Ines, Potts, Simon G., Redlich, Sarah, Senapathi, Deepa, Steffan-Dewenter, Ingolf, Świtek, Stanislaw, Smith, Henrik, Takács, Viktória, Tryjanowski, Piotr, van der Putten, Wim H., van Gils, Stijn, and Bommarco, Riccardo
- Abstract
Simultaneously enhancing ecosystem services provided by biodiversity below and above ground is recommended to reduce dependence on chemical pesticides and mineral fertilizers in agriculture. However, consequences for crop yield have been poorly evaluated. Above ground, increased landscape complexity is assumed to enhance biological pest control, whereas below ground, soil organic carbon (SOC) is a proxy for several yield-supporting services. In a field experiment replicated in 114 fields across Europe, we found that fertilization had the strongest positive effect on yield, but hindered simultaneous harnessing of below- and above-ground ecosystem services. We furthermore show that enhancing natural enemies and pest control through increasing landscape complexity can prove disappointing in fields with low soil services or in intensively cropped regions. Thus, understanding ecological interdependences between land-use, ecosystem services and yield is necessary to promote more environmentally friendly farming by identifying situations where ecosystem services are maximized and agrochemical inputs can be reduced.
- Published
- 2017
47. Rural livelihood diversity and its influence on the ecological intensification potential of smallholder farms in Kenya.
- Author
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Kansiime, Monica K., Girling, Robbie D., Mugambi, Idah, Mulema, Joseph, Oduor, George, Chacha, Duncan, Ouvrard, David, Kinuthia, Wanja, and Garratt, Michael P. D.
- Subjects
AGRICULTURAL intensification ,AGRICULTURAL extension work ,FARMS ,PEST control ,INSECT pollinators ,ECONOMIC impact - Abstract
Smallholder farmers represent the majority of food producers around the world, yet they are often the most at risk of suffering yield gaps and not achieving their production potential. Ecological Intensification (EI) is a knowledge intensive approach to sustainable agricultural intensification which utilizes biodiversity‐based ecosystem services to support greater yield and reduce reliance on agrochemical inputs. Despite the potential benefit of EI based practices, uptake by smallholders is not as widespread as it could be. Here we test the hypothesis that application of EI on smallholder farms in Kenya is a viable approach that could be taken in order to enhance food security. Focusing on natural pest control and crop pollination, we used farmer surveys to explore the potential for EI in central Kenya. We identified to what extent farm typology and access to knowledge determine the incentives and barriers facing smallholder producers and how this influences optimal pathways for sharing knowledge and providing extension services. We found considerable potential for EI of smallholder farms in this region; most farmers grew insect pollinated crops and some farmers already employed EI practices, while others relied heavily on chemical pesticides. Based on physical, social, and economic factors, three farm typologies emerged including "semi‐commercial," "market orientated," and "subsistence." These typologies influenced the appropriate EI practices available to farmers, as well as routes through which knowledge was shared, and the extent to which extension services were utilized. We propose that to support effective uptake of EI practices, smallholder farm heterogeneity should be acknowledged and characterized in order to target the needs and capabilities of farmers and identify appropriate knowledge sharing and support pathways. The approach we take here has the potential to be employed in other regions globally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Protecting an Ecosystem Service: Approaches to Understanding and Mitigating Threats to Wild Insect Pollinators
- Author
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Gill, Richard J, Baldock, Katherine C R, Brown, Mark J F, Cresswell, James E, Dicks, Lynn V, Fountain, Michelle T, Garratt, Michael P D, Gough, Leonie A, Heard, Matt S, Holland, John M, Ollerton, Jeff, Stone, Graham N, Tang, Cuong Q, Vanbergen, Adam J, Vogler, Alfried P, Woodward, Guy, Arce, Andres N, Boatman, Nigel D, Brand-Hardy, Richard, Breeze, Tom D, Green, Mike, Hartfield, Chris M, O’Connor, Rory S, Osborne, Juliet L, Phillips, James, Sutton, Peter B, Potts, Simon G, and Natural Environment Research Council (NERC)
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Initiatives ,CROP POLLINATION ,Biodiversity & Conservation ,MIXED POLLEN SAMPLES ,Environmental Sciences & Ecology ,Conservation ,D700 ,BEE SPECIES RESPONSES ,Ecology and Environment ,BUMBLEBEE NEST DENSITY ,Pollinator populations and communities ,Landscape ,Engineered habitat ,Pollination demand ,FLOWER-VISITING INSECTS ,Science & Technology ,CLIMATE-CHANGE ,Ecology ,0602 Ecology ,Cabot Institute Food Security Research ,C100 ,AGRI-ENVIRONMENT SCHEMES ,Agriculture ,C200 ,Food security ,EVIDENCE-BASED CONSERVATION ,Policy ,PLANT REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS ,Ecological networks ,Biodiversity Conservation ,AGRICULTURAL LANDSCAPES ,Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Abstract
Insect pollination constitutes an ecosystem service of global importance, providing significant economic and aesthetic benefits as well as cultural value to human society, alongside vital ecological processes in terrestrial ecosystems. It is therefore important to understand how insect pollinator populations and communities respond to rapidly changing environments if we are to maintain healthy and effective pollinator services. This chapter considers the importance of conserving pollinator diversity to maintain a suite of functional traits and provide a diverse set of pollinator services. We explore how we can better understand and mitigate the factors that threaten insect pollinator richness, placing our discussion within the context of populations in predominantly agricultural landscapes in addition to urban environments. We highlight a selection of important evidence gaps, with a number of complementary research steps that can be taken to better understand: (i) the stability of pollinator communities in different landscapes in order to provide diverse pollinator services; (ii) how we can study the drivers of population change to mitigate the effects and support stable sources of pollinator services and (iii) how we can manage habitats in complex landscapes to support insect pollinators and provide sustainable pollinator services for the future. We advocate a collaborative effort to gain higher quality abundance data to understand the stability of pollinator populations and predict future trends. In addition, for effective mitigation strategies to be adopted, researchers need to conduct rigorous field testing of outcomes under different landscape settings, acknowledge the needs of end-users when developing research proposals and consider effective methods of knowledge transfer to ensure effective uptake of actions.
- Published
- 2016
49. EDITOR'S CHOICE: REVIEW: Trait matching of flower visitors and crops predicts fruit set better than trait diversity
- Author
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Garibaldi, Lucas A., Bartomeus, Ignasi, Bommarco, Riccardo, Klein, Alexandra M., Cunningham, Saul A., Aizen, Marcelo A., Boreux, Virginie, Garratt, Michael P. D., Carvalheiro, Luísa G., Kremen, Claire, Morales, Carolina L., Schüepp, Christof, Chacoff, Natacha P., Freitas, Breno M., Gagic, Vesna, Holzschuh, Andrea, Klatt, Björn K., Krewenka, Kristin M., Krishnan, Smitha, Mayfield, Margaret M., Motzke, Iris, Otieno, Mark, Petersen, Jessica, Potts, Simon G., Ricketts, Taylor H., Rundlöf, Maj, Sciligo, Amber, Sinu, Palatty Allesh, Steffan-Dewenter, Ingolf, Taki, Hisatomo, Tscharntke, Teja, Vergara, Carlos H., Viana, Blandina F., Woyciechowski, Michal, and Devictor, Vincent
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fungi ,food and beverages - Abstract
Understanding the relationships between trait diversity, species diversity and ecosystem functioning is essential for sustainable management. For functions comprising two trophic levels, trait matching between interacting partners should also drive functioning. However, the predictive ability of trait diversity and matching is unclear for most functions, particularly for crop pollination, where interacting partners did not necessarily co-evolve.\ud World-wide, we collected data on traits of flower visitors and crops, visitation rates to crop flowers per insect species and fruit set in 469 fields of 33 crop systems. Through hierarchical mixed-effects models, we tested whether flower visitor trait diversity and/or trait matching between flower visitors and crops improve the prediction of crop fruit set (functioning) beyond flower visitor species diversity and abundance.\ud Flower visitor trait diversity was positively related to fruit set, but surprisingly did not explain more variation than flower visitor species diversity.\ud The best prediction of fruit set was obtained by matching traits of flower visitors (body size and mouthpart length) and crops (nectar accessibility of flowers) in addition to flower visitor abundance, species richness and species evenness. Fruit set increased with species richness, and more so in assemblages with high evenness, indicating that additional species of flower visitors contribute more to crop pollination when species abundances are similar.\ud Synthesis and applications. Despite contrasting floral traits for crops world-wide, only the abundance of a few pollinator species is commonly managed for greater yield. Our results suggest that the identification and enhancement of pollinator species with traits matching those of the focal crop, as well as the enhancement of pollinator richness and evenness, will increase crop yield beyond current practices. Furthermore, we show that field practitioners can predict and manage agroecosystems for pollination services based on knowledge of just a few traits that are known for a wide range of flower visitor species.
- Published
- 2015
50. Combined effects of agrochemicals and ecosystem services on crop yield across Europe
- Author
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Gagic, Vesna, primary, Kleijn, David, additional, Báldi, András, additional, Boros, Gergely, additional, Jørgensen, Helene Bracht, additional, Elek, Zoltán, additional, Garratt, Michael P. D., additional, de Groot, G. Arjen, additional, Hedlund, Katarina, additional, Kovács-Hostyánszki, Anikó, additional, Marini, Lorenzo, additional, Martin, Emily, additional, Pevere, Ines, additional, Potts, Simon G., additional, Redlich, Sarah, additional, Senapathi, Deepa, additional, Steffan-Dewenter, Ingolf, additional, Świtek, Stanislaw, additional, Smith, Henrik G., additional, Takács, Viktória, additional, Tryjanowski, Piotr, additional, van der Putten, Wim H., additional, van Gils, Stijn, additional, and Bommarco, Riccardo, additional
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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