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2. Diversity of Agaricomycetes in southern South America and their bioactive natural products.

Author

Gómez-Espinoza, Jonhatan, Riquelme, Cristian, Romero-Villegas, Enzo, Ahumada-Rudolph, Ramón, Novoa, Vanessa, Méndez, Paola, Millar, Camila, Fernández-Alarcón, Naomi, Garnica, Sigisfredo, Rajchenberg, Mario, and Cabrera-Pardo, Jaime R.

Subjects
NATURAL products, PHENOL derivatives, BIODIVERSITY, METABOLITES, ANALYTICAL chemistry
Abstract

Fungi have a unique metabolic plasticity allowing them to produce a wide range of natural products. Since the discovery of penicillin, an antibiotic of fungal origin, substantial efforts have been devoted globally to search for fungal-derived natural bioactive products. Andean region forests represent one of the few undisturbed ecosystems in the world with little human intervention. While these forests display a rich biological diversity, mycological and chemical studies in these environments have been scarce. This review aims to summarise all the efforts regarding the chemical or bioactivity analyses of Agaricomycetes (Basidiomycota) from southern South America environments. Overall, herein we report a total of 147 fungal species, 21 of them showing chemical characterisation and/or biological activity. In terms of chemical cores, furans, chlorinated phenol derivatives, polyenes, lactones, terpenes and himanimides have been reported. These natural products displayed a range of biological activities including antioxidant, antimicrobial, antifungal, neuroprotective and osteoclast-forming suppressing effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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3. Diversity of Agaricomycetes in southern South America and their bioactive natural products

Author

Gómez-Espinoza, Jonhatan, primary, Riquelme, Cristian, additional, Romero-Villegas, Enzo, additional, Ahumada-Rudolph, Ramón, additional, Novoa, Vanessa, additional, Méndez, Paola, additional, Millar, Camila, additional, Fernández-Alarcón, Naomi, additional, Garnica, Sigisfredo, additional, Rajchenberg, Mario, additional, and Cabrera-Pardo, Jaime R., additional

Published
2023
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6. Considerations and consequences of allowing DNA sequence data as types of fungal taxa

Author

Zamora, Juan Carlos, Svensson, Måns, Kirschner, Roland, Olariaga, Ibai, Ryman, Svengunnar, Parra, Luis Alberto, Geml, József, Rosling, Anna, Adamčík, Slavomír, Ahti, Teuvo, Aime, M. Catherine, Ainsworth, A. Martyn, Albert, László, Albertó, Edgardo, García, Alberto Altés, Ageev, Dmitry, Agerer, Reinhard, Aguirre-Hudson, Begoña, Ammirati, Joe, Andersson, Harry, Angelini, Claudio, Antonín, Vladimír, Aoki, Takayuki, Aptroot, André, Argaud, Didier, Sosa, Blanca Imelda Arguello, Aronsen, Arne, Arup, Ulf, Asgari, Bita, Assyov, Boris, Atienza, Violeta, Bandini, Ditte, Baptista-Ferreira, João Luís, Baral, Hans-Otto, Baroni, Tim, Barreto, Robert Weingart, Beker, Henry, Bell, Ann, Bellanger, Jean-Michel, Bellù, Francesco, Bemmann, Martin, Bendiksby, Mika, Bendiksen, Egil, Bendiksen, Katriina, Benedek, Lajos, Bérešová-Guttová, Anna, Berger, Franz, Berndt, Reinhard, Bernicchia, Annarosa, Biketova, Alona Yu., Bizio, Enrico, Bjork, Curtis, Boekhout, Teun, Boertmann, David, Böhning, Tanja, Boittin, Florent, Boluda, Carlos G., Boomsluiter, Menno W., Borovička, Jan, Brandrud, Tor Erik, Braun, Uwe, Brodo, Irwin, Bulyonkova, Tatiana, Burdsall, Jr., Harold H., Buyck, Bart, Burgaz, Ana Rosa, Calatayud, Vicent, Callac, Philippe, Campo, Emanuele, Candusso, Massimo, Capoen, Brigitte, Carbó, Joaquim, Carbone, Matteo, Castañeda-Ruiz, Rafael F., Castellano, Michael A., Chen, Jie, Clerc, Philippe, Consiglio, Giovanni, Corriol, Gilles, Courtecuisse, Régis, Crespo, Ana, Cripps, Cathy, Crous, Pedro W., da Silva, Gladstone Alves, da Silva, Meiriele, Dam, Marjo, Dam, Nico, Dämmrich, Frank, Das, Kanad, Davies, Linda, De Crop, Eske, De Kesel, Andre, De Lange, Ruben, De Madrignac Bonzi, Bárbara, dela Cruz, Thomas Edison E., Delgat, Lynn, Demoulin, Vincent, Desjardin, Dennis E., Diederich, Paul, Dima, Bálint, Dios, Maria Martha, Divakar, Pradeep Kumar, Douanla-Meli, Clovis, Douglas, Brian, Drechsler-Santos, Elisandro Ricardo, Dyer, Paul S., Eberhardt, Ursula, Ertz, Damien, Esteve-Raventós, Fernando, Salazar, Javier Angel Etayo, Evenson, Vera, Eyssartier, Guillaume, Farkas, Edit, Favre, Alain, Fedosova, Anna G., Filippa, Mario, Finy, Péter, Flakus, Adam, Fos, Simón, Fournier, Jacques, Fraiture, André, Franchi, Paolo, Molano, Ana Esperanza Franco, Friebes, Gernot, Frisch, Andreas, Fryday, Alan, Furci, Giuliana, Márquez, Ricardo Galán, Garbelotto, Matteo, García-Martín, Joaquina María, Otálora, Mónica A. García, Sánchez, Dania García, Gardiennet, Alain, Garnica, Sigisfredo, Benavent, Isaac Garrido, Gates, Genevieve, da Gerlach, Alice Cruz Lima, Ghobad-Nejhad, Masoomeh, Gibertoni, Tatiana B., Grebenc, Tine, Greilhuber, Irmgard, Grishkan, Bella, Groenewald, Johannes Z., Grube, Martin, Gruhn, Gérald, Gueidan, Cécile, Gulden, Gro, Gusmão, Luis F. P., Hafellner, Josef, Hairaud, Michel, Halama, Marek, Hallenberg, Nils, Halling, Roy E., Hansen, Karen, Harder, Christoffer Bugge, Heilmann-Clausen, Jacob, Helleman, Stip, Henriot, Alain, Hernandez-Restrepo, Margarita, Herve, Raphaël, Hobart, Caroline, Hoffmeister, Mascha, Høiland, Klaus, Holec, Jan, Holien, Håkon, Hughes, Karen, Hubka, Vit, Huhtinen, Seppo, Ivančević, Boris, Jagers, Marian, Jaklitsch, Walter, Jansen, AnnaElise, Jayawardena, Ruvishika S., Jeppesen, Thomas Stjernegaard, Jeppson, Mikael, Johnston, Peter, Jørgensen, Per Magnus, Kärnefelt, Ingvar, Kalinina, Liudmila B., Kantvilas, Gintaras, Karadelev, Mitko, Kasuya, Taiga, Kautmanová, Ivona, Kerrigan, Richard W., Kirchmair, Martin, Kiyashko, Anna, Knapp, Dániel G., Knudsen, Henning, Knudsen, Kerry, Knutsson, Tommy, Kolařík, Miroslav, Kõljalg, Urmas, Košuthová, Alica, Koszka, Attila, Kotiranta, Heikki, Kotkova, Vera, Koukol, Ondřej, Kout, Jiří, Kovács, Gábor M., Kříž, Martin, Kruys, Åsa, Kučera, Viktor, Kudzma, Linas, Kuhar, Francisco, Kukwa, Martin, Kumar, T. K. Arun, Kunca, Vladimír, Kušan, Ivana, Kuyper, Thomas W., Lado, Carlos, Læssøe, Thomas, Lainé, Patrice, Langer, Ewald, Larsson, Ellen, Larsson, Karl-Henrik, Laursen, Gary, Lechat, Christian, Lee, Serena, Lendemer, James C., Levin, Laura, Lindemann, Uwe, Lindström, Håkan, Liu, Xingzhong, Hernandez, Regulo Carlos Llarena, Llop, Esteve, Locsmándi, Csaba, Lodge, Deborah Jean, Loizides, Michael, Lőkös, László, Luangsa-ard, Jennifer, Lüderitz, Matthias, Lumbsch, Thorsten, Lutz, Matthias, Mahoney, Dan, Malysheva, Ekaterina, Malysheva, Vera, Manimohan, Patinjareveettil, Marin-Felix, Yasmina, Marques, Guilhermina, Martínez-Gil, Rubén, Marson, Guy, Mata, Gerardo, Matheny, P. Brandon, Mathiassen, Geir Harald, Matočec, Neven, Mayrhofer, Helmut, Mehrabi, Mehdi, Melo, Ireneia, Mešić, Armin, Methven, Andrew S., Miettinen, Otto, Romero, Ana M. Millanes, Miller, Andrew N., Mitchell, James K., Moberg, Roland, Moreau, Pierre-Arthur, Moreno, Gabriel, Morozova, Olga, Morte, Asunción, Muggia, Lucia, González, Guillermo Muñoz, Myllys, Leena, Nagy, István, Nagy, László G., Neves, Maria Alice, Niemelä, Tuomo, Nimis, Pier Luigi, Niveiro, Nicolas, Noordeloos, Machiel E., Nordin, Anders, Noumeur, Sara Raouia, Novozhilov, Yuri, Nuytinck, Jorinde, Ohenoja, Esteri, Fiuza, Patricia Oliveira, Orange, Alan, Ordynets, Alexander, Ortiz-Santana, Beatriz, Pacheco, Leticia, Pál-Fám, Ferenc, Palacio, Melissa, Palice, Zdeněk, Papp, Viktor, Pärtel, Kadri, Pawlowska, Julia, Paz, Aurelia, Peintner, Ursula, Pennycook, Shaun, Pereira, Olinto Liparini, Daniëls, Pablo Pérez, Capella, Miquel À. Pérez-De-Gregorio, del Amo, Carlos Manuel Pérez, Gorjón, Sergio Pérez, Pérez-Ortega, Sergio, Pérez-Vargas, Israel, Perry, Brian A., Petersen, Jens H., Petersen, Ronald H., Pfister, Donald H., Phukhamsakda, Chayanard, Piątek, Marcin, Piepenbring, Meike, Pino-Bodas, Raquel, Esquivel, Juan Pablo Pinzón, Pirot, Paul, Popov, Eugene S., Popoff, Orlando, Álvaro, María Prieto, Printzen, Christian, Psurtseva, Nadezhda, Purahong, Witoon, Quijada, Luis, Rambold, Gerhard, Ramírez, Natalia A., Raja, Huzefa, Raspé, Olivier, Raymundo, Tania, Réblová, Martina, Rebriev, Yury A., García, Juan de Dios Reyes, Ripoll, Miguel Ángel Ribes, Richard, Franck, Richardson, Mike J., Rico, Víctor J., Robledo, Gerardo Lucio, Barbosa, Flavia Rodrigues, Rodriguez-Caycedo, Cristina, Rodriguez-Flakus, Pamela, Ronikier, Anna, Casas, Luis Rubio, Rusevska, Katerina, Saar, Günter, Saar, Irja, Salcedo, Isabel, Martínez, Sergio M. Salcedo, Montoya, Carlos A. Salvador, Sánchez-Ramírez, Santiago, Sandoval-Sierra, J. Vladimir, Santamaria, Sergi, Monteiro, Josiane Santana, Schroers, Hans Josef, Schulz, Barbara, Schmidt-Stohn, Geert, Schumacher, Trond, Senn-Irlet, Beatrice, Ševčíková, Hana, Shchepin, Oleg, Shirouzu, Takashi, Shiryaev, Anton, Siepe, Klaus, Sir, Esteban B., Sohrabi, Mohammad, Soop, Karl, Spirin, Viacheslav, Spribille, Toby, Stadler, Marc, Stalpers, Joost, Stenroos, Soili, Suija, Ave, Sunhede, Stellan, Svantesson, Sten, Svensson, Sigvard, Svetasheva, Tatyana Yu., Świerkosz, Krzysztof, Tamm, Heidi, Taskin, Hatira, Taudière, Adrien, Tedebrand, Jan-Olof, Lahoz, Raúl Tena, Temina, Marina, Thell, Arne, Thines, Marco, Thor, Göran, Thüs, Holger, Tibell, Leif, Tibell, Sanja, Timdal, Einar, Tkalčec, Zdenko, Tønsberg, Tor, Trichies, Gérard, Triebel, Dagmar, Tsurykau, Andrei, Tulloss, Rodham E., Tuovinen, Veera, Sosa, Miguel Ulloa, Urcelay, Carlos, Valade, François, Garza, Ricardo Valenzuela, van den Boom, Pieter, Van Vooren, Nicolas, Vasco-Palacios, Aida M., Vauras, Jukka, Santos, Juan Manuel Velasco, Vellinga, Else, Verbeken, Annemieke, Vetlesen, Per, Vizzini, Alfredo, Voglmayr, Hermann, Volobuev, Sergey, von Brackel, Wolfgang, Voronina, Elena, Walther, Grit, Watling, Roy, Weber, Evi, Wedin, Mats, Weholt, Øyvind, Westberg, Martin, Yurchenko, Eugene, Zehnálek, Petr, Zhang, Huang, Zhurbenko, Mikhail P., and Ekman, Stefan

Published
2018
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8. Biogeographic history of a large clade of ectomycorrhizal fungi, the Russulaceae, in the Neotropics and adjacent regions

Author

Hackel, Jan, primary, Henkel, Terry W., additional, Moreau, Pierre‐Arthur, additional, De Crop, Eske, additional, Verbeken, Annemieke, additional, Sà, Mariana, additional, Buyck, Bart, additional, Neves, Maria‐Alice, additional, Vasco‐Palacios, Aída, additional, Wartchow, Felipe, additional, Schimann, Heidy, additional, Carriconde, Fabian, additional, Garnica, Sigisfredo, additional, Courtecuisse, Régis, additional, Gardes, Monique, additional, Manzi, Sophie, additional, Louisanna, Eliane, additional, and Roy, Mélanie, additional

Published
2022
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9. Host generalists dominate fungal communities associated with alpine knotweed roots : a study of Sebacinales

Author

Schön, Max Emil, Abarenkov, Kessy, Garnica, Sigisfredo, Schön, Max Emil, Abarenkov, Kessy, and Garnica, Sigisfredo

Abstract

Bistorta vivipara is a widespread herbaceous perennial plant with a discontinuous pattern of distribution in arctic, alpine, subalpine and boreal habitats across the northern Hemisphere. Studies of the fungi associated with the roots of B. vivipara have mainly been conducted in arctic and alpine ecosystems. This study examined the fungal diversity and specificity from root tips of B. vivipara in two local mountain ecosystems as well as on a global scale. Sequences were generated by Sanger sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region followed by an analysis of accurately annotated nuclear segments including ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 sequences available from public databases. In total, 181 different UNITE species hypotheses (SHs) were detected to be fungi associated with B. vivipara, 73 of which occurred in the Bavarian Alps and nine in the Swabian Alps-with one SH shared among both mountains. In both sites as well as in additional public data, individuals of B. vivipara were found to contain phylogenetically diverse fungi, with the Basidiomycota, represented by the Thelephorales and Sebacinales, being the most dominant. A comparative analysis of the diversity of the Sebacinales associated with B. vivipara and other co-occurring plant genera showed that the highest number of sebacinoid SHs were associated with Quercus and Pinus, followed by Bistorta. A comparison of B. vivipara with plant families such as Ericaceae, Fagaceae, Orchidaceae, and Pinaceae showed a clear trend: Only a few species were specific to B. vivipara and a large number of SHs were shared with other co-occurring non-B. vivipara plant species. In Sebacinales, the majority of SHs associated with B. vivipara belonged to the ectomycorrhiza (ECM)-forming Sebacinaceae, with fewer SHs belonging to the Serendipitaceae encompassing diverse ericoid-orchid-ECM-endophytic associations. The large proportion of non-hostspecific fungi able to form a symbiosis with other non-B. vivipara plants could suggest that

Published
2022
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16. Enigmatic Sebacinales

Author

Oberwinkler, Franz, Riess, Kai, Bauer, Robert, Selosse, Marc-André, Weiß, Michael, Garnica, Sigisfredo, and Zuccaro, Alga

Published
2013
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19. New Cortinarius species associated with Quercus and Comarostaphylis in Costa Rica

Author

Ammirati, Joe, Garnica, Sigisfredo, Halling, Roy E., Mata, Milagro, Mueller, Gregory M., and Carranza, Julieta

Subjects
Mushrooms -- Identification and classification -- Genetic aspects -- Physiological aspects, Biological sciences
Abstract

Abstract: Ten new species of Cortinarius are described from Costa Rican neotropical montane forests based on morphological and molecular phylogenetic data. Morphological features of the basidiomes and nuclear rDNA sequence [...]

Published
2007

20. Belowground fungal community diversity, composition and ecological functionality associated with winter wheat in conventional and organic agricultural systems

Author

Garnica, Sigisfredo, Rosenstein, Ronja, Schön, Max Emil, Garnica, Sigisfredo, Rosenstein, Ronja, and Schön, Max Emil

Abstract

Understanding the impacts of agricultural practices on belowground fungal communities is crucial in order to preserve biological diversity in agricultural soils and enhance their role in agroecosystem functioning. Although fungal communities are widely distributed, relatively few studies have correlated agricultural production practices. We investigated the diversity, composition and ecological functionality of fungal communities in roots of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum) growing in conventional and organic farming systems. Direct and nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplifications spanning the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of the rDNA from pooled fine root samples were performed with two different sets of fungal specific primers. Fungal identification was carried out through similarity searches against validated reference sequences (RefSeq). The R package 'picante' and FUNGuild were used to analyse fungal community composition and trophic mode, respectively. Either by direct or cloning sequencing, 130 complete ITS sequences were clustered into 39 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) (25 singletons), belonging to the Ascomycota (24), the Basidiomycota (14) and to the Glomeromycota (1). Fungal communities from conventional farming sites are phylogenetically more related than expected by chance. Constrained ordination analysis identified total N, total S and Pcal that had a significant effect on the OTU's abundance and distribution, and a further correlation with the diversity of the co-occurring vegetation could be hypothesised. The functional predictions based on FUNGuild suggested that conventional farming increased the presence of plant pathogenic fungi compared with organic farming. Based on diversity, OTU distribution, nutrition mode and the significant phylogenetic clustering of fungal communities, this study shows that fungal communities differ across sampling sites, depending on agricultural practices. Although it is not fully clear which fac

Published
2020
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24. Tracking the evolutionary history of Cortinarius species in section Calochroi, with transoceanic disjunct distributions

Author

Ammirati Joseph, Oertel Bernhard, Spahn Philipp, Garnica Sigisfredo, and Oberwinkler Franz

Subjects
Evolution, QH359-425
Abstract

Abstract Background Cortinarius species in section Calochroi display local, clinal and circumboreal patterns of distribution across the Northern Hemisphere where these ectomycorrhizal fungi occur with host trees throughout their geographical range within a continent, or have disjunct intercontinental distributions, the origins of which are not understood. We inferred evolutionary histories of four species, 1) C. arcuatorum, 2) C. aureofulvus, 3) C. elegantior and 4) C. napus, from populations distributed throughout the Old World, and portions of the New World (Central- and North America) based on genetic variation of 154 haplotype internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences from 83 population samples. By describing the population structure of these species across their geographical distribution, we attempt to identify their historical migration and patterns of diversification. Results Models of population structure from nested clade, demographic and coalescent-based analyses revealed genetically differentiated and geographically structured haplotypes in C. arcuatorum and C. elegantior, while C. aureofulvus showed considerably less population structure and C. napus lacked sufficient genetic differentiation to resolve any population structure. Disjunct populations within C. arcuatorum, C. aureofulvus and C. elegantior show little or no morphological differentiation, whereas in C. napus there is a high level of homoplasy and phenotypic plasticity for veil and lamellae colour. The ITS sequences of the type specimens of C. albobrunnoides and C. albobrunnoides var. violaceovelatus were identical to one another and are treated as one species with a wider range of geographic distribution under C. napus. Conclusions Our results indicate that each of the Calochroi species has undergone a relatively independent evolutionary history, hypothesised as follows: 1) a widely distributed ancestral population of C. arcuatorum diverged into distinctive sympatric populations in the New World; 2) two divergent lineages in C. elegantior gave rise to the New World and Old World haplotypes, respectively; and 3) the low levels of genetic divergence within C. aureofulvus and C. napus may be the result of more recent demographic population expansions. The scenario of migration via the Bering Land Bridge provides the most probable explanation for contemporaneous disjunct geographic distributions of these species, but it does not offer an explanation for the low degree of genetic divergence between populations of C. aureofulvus and C. napus. Our findings are mostly consistent with the designation of New World allopatric populations as separate species from the European counterpart species C. arcuatorum and C. elegantior. We propose the synonymy of C. albobrunnoides, C. albobrunnoides var. violaceovelatus and C. subpurpureophyllus var. sulphureovelatus with C. napus. The results also reinforce previous observations that linked C. arcuatorum and C. aureofulvus displaying distributions in parts of North America and Europe. Interpretations of the population structure of these fungi suggest that host tree history has heavily influenced their modern distributions; however, the complex issues related to co-migration of these fungi with their tree hosts remain unclear at this time.

Published
2011
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27. Phylogenetic relationships in Cortinarius, section Calochroi, inferred from nuclear DNA sequences

Author

Ammirati Joseph, Oertel Bernhard, Weiß Michael, Garnica Sigisfredo, and Oberwinkler Franz

Subjects
Evolution, QH359-425
Abstract

Abstract Background Section Calochroi is one of the most species-rich lineages in the genus Cortinarius (Agaricales, Basidiomycota) and is widely distributed across boreo-nemoral areas, with some extensions into meridional zones. Previous phylogenetic studies of Calochroi (incl. section Fulvi) have been geographically restricted; therefore, phylogenetic and biogeographic relationships within this lineage at a global scale have been largely unknown. In this study, we obtained DNA sequences from a nearly complete taxon sampling of known species from Europe, Central America and North America. We inferred intra- and interspecific phylogenetic relationships as well as major morphological evolutionary trends within section Calochroi based on 576 ITS sequences, 230 ITS + 5.8S + D1/D2 sequences, and a combined dataset of ITS + 5.8S + D1/D2 and RPB1 sequences of a representative subsampling of 58 species. Results More than 100 species were identified by integrating DNA sequences with morphological, macrochemical and ecological data. Cortinarius section Calochroi was consistently resolved with high branch support into at least seven major lineages: Calochroi, Caroviolacei, Dibaphi, Elegantiores, Napi, Pseudoglaucopodes and Splendentes; whereas Rufoolivacei and Sulfurini appeared polyphyletic. A close relationship between Dibaphi, Elegantiores, Napi and Splendentes was consistently supported. Combinations of specific morphological, pigmentation and molecular characters appear useful in circumscribing clades. Conclusion Our analyses demonstrate that Calochroi is an exclusively northern hemispheric lineage, where species follow their host trees throughout their natural ranges within and across continents. Results of this study contribute substantially to defining European species in this group and will help to either identify or to name new species occurring across the northern hemisphere. Major groupings are in partial agreement with earlier morphology-based and molecular phylogenetic hypotheses, but some relationships were unexpected, based on external morphology. In such cases, their true affinities appear to have been obscured by the repeated appearance of similar features among distantly related species. Therefore, further taxonomic studies are needed to evaluate the consistency of species concepts and interpretations of morphological features in a more global context. Reconstruction of ancestral states yielded two major evolutionary trends within section Calochroi: (1) the development of bright pigments evolved independently multiple times, and (2) the evolution of abruptly marginate to flattened stipe bulbs represents an autapomorphy of the Calochroi clade.

Published
2009
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28. Belowground fungal community diversity and composition associated with Norway spruce along an altitudinal gradient

Author

Schön, Max Emil, Nieselt, Kay, Garnica, Sigisfredo, Schön, Max Emil, Nieselt, Kay, and Garnica, Sigisfredo

Abstract

Altitudinal gradients provide valuable information about the effects of environmental variables on changes in species richness and composition as well as the distribution of below ground fungal communities. Since most knowledge in this respect has been gathered on aboveground communities, we focused our study towards the characterization of belowground fungal communities associated with two different ages of Norway spruce (Picea abies) trees along an altitudinal gradient. By sequencing the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region on the Illumina platform, we investigated the fungal communities in a floristically and geologically relatively well explored forest on the slope of Mt. Iseler of the Bavarian Alps. From fine roots and rhizosphere of a total of 90 of Norway spruce trees from 18 plots we detected 1285 taxa, with a range of 167 to 506 (average 377) taxa per plot. Fungal taxa are distributed over 96 different orders belonging to the phyla Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, Chrytridiomycota, Glomeromycota, and Mucoromycota. Overall the Agaricales (438 taxa) and Tremellales (81 taxa) belonging to the Basidiomycota and the Hypocreales (65 spp.) and Helotiales (61 taxa) belonging to the Ascomycota represented the taxon richest orders. The evaluation of our multivariate generalized mixed models indicate that the altitude has a significant influence on the composition of the fungal communities (p < 0.003) and that tree age determines community diversity (p < 0.05). A total of 47 ecological guilds were detected, of which the ectomycorrhizal and saprophytic guilds were the most taxon-rich. Our ITS amplicon Illumina sequencing approach allowed us to characterize a high fungal community diversity that would not be possible to capture with fruiting body surveys alone. We conclude that it is an invaluable tool for diverse monitoring tasks and inventorying biodiversity, especially in the detection of microorganisms developing very ephemeral and/or inconspicuous fruiting bodi

Published
2018
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29. Phylogenetic relationships in the genus Podoserpulaand description of P. aliweni, a new species from Chile

Author

Garnica, Sigisfredo, Sandoval-Leiva, Pablo, and Riess, Kai

Abstract

ABSTRACTPhylogenetic analyses based on a three-locus nuclear data set (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2, the 5′ end of the 28S, and the largest subunit of RNA polymerase I) supported the pagoda fungus (Podoserpula, Amylocorticiales) as a monophyletic group most closely related to species of Anomoporia, which is nonmonophyletic, and Amyloathelia. Phylogenetic relationships inferred from internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences of specimens sampled in Australia, Chile, China, Madagascar, and New Zealand divided Podoserpulainto two major lineages: Clade A containing Australian and New Zealand collections designated P. pusioand the Chinese species P. ailaoshanensis, which have basidiospores with no reaction to Melzer’s reagent, and Clade B, which includes a species described from Chile, P. aliweni, and specimens originating from Australia, Chile, Madagascar, and New Zealand with dextrinoid basidiospores. Podoserpula aliweniforms a unique branch in the phylogenetic tree and differs from its most closely related taxon by 1.8–2.1% in the ITS region. The new species exhibits a tree-like habit with a white to concolorous stipe-like base with the hymenophore’s main subcylindrical axis bearing up to 18 superimposed pilei, slightly enrolled white margins shading from yellowish white to orange-yellow toward the center, and ellipsoid to broadly ellipsoid basidiospores measuring 4.0–4.5 × 3.5 µm. Ecologically, P. aliwenioccurs during the rainy season, often gregariously on dried branches or wet soil under Nothofagus dombeyior N. obliquaand has a distribution range of more than 600 km in southern Chile. This study extends the known distributional range and increases our knowledge on the phylogenetic diversity and taxonomy in Podoserpula.

Published
2021
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30. On the Evolutionary History of Uleiella chilensis, a Smut Fungus Parasite of Araucaria araucana in South America: Uleiellales ord. nov. in Ustilaginomycetes

Author

Riess, Kai, Schön, Max E., Lutz, Matthias, Butin, Heinz, Oberwinkler, Franz, and Garnica, Sigisfredo

Subjects
lcsh:R, lcsh:Medicine, lcsh:Q, lcsh:Science, Research Article
Abstract

The evolutionary history, divergence times and phylogenetic relationships of Uleiella chilensis (Ustilaginomycotina, smut fungi) associated with Araucaria araucana were analysed. DNA sequences from multiple gene regions and morphology were analysed and compared to other members of the Basidiomycota to determine the phylogenetic placement of smut fungi on gymnosperms. Divergence time estimates indicate that the majority of smut fungal orders diversified during the Triassic–Jurassic period. However, the origin and relationships of several orders remain uncertain. The most recent common ancestor between Uleiella chilensis and Violaceomyces palustris has been dated to the Lower Cretaceous. Comparisons of divergence time estimates between smut fungi and host plants lead to the hypothesis that the early Ustilaginomycotina had a saprobic lifestyle. As there are only two extant species of Araucaria in South America, each hosting a unique Uleiella species, we suggest that either coevolution or a host shift followed by allopatric speciation are the most likely explanations for the current geographic restriction of Uleiella and its low diversity. Phylogenetic and age estimation analyses, ecology, the unusual life-cycle and the peculiar combination of septal and haustorial characteristics support Uleiella chilensis as a distinct lineage among the Ustilaginomycotina. Here, we describe a new ustilaginomycetous order, the Uleiellales to accommodate Uleiella. Within the Ustilaginomycetes, Uleiellales are sister taxon to the Violaceomycetales.

Published
2016

31. The evolutionary history of mycorrhizal specificity among lady's slipper orchids

Author

Shefferson, Ricahrd P., Taylor, D. Lee, Wei[beta], Michael, Garnica, Sigisfredo, McCormick, Melissa K., Adams, Seth, Gray, Hope M., McFarland, Jack W., Kull, Tiiu, Tali, Kadri, Yukawa, Tomohisa, Kawahara, Takayuki, Miyoshi, Kazumitsu, and Lee, Yung-I

Subjects
Mycorrhizas -- Research, Plant mutation -- Research, Polymerase chain reaction -- Analysis, Biological sciences
Abstract

An assessment of the evolutionary history of mycorrhizal specificity in the lady's slipper orchid genus, Cypripedium is discussed.

Published
2007

32. Entorrhizomycota

Author

Bauer, Robert, Garnica, Sigisfredo, Oberwinkler, Franz (Prof. Dr.), Riess, Kai (Dr. rer. nat.), Weiß, Michael (M. Sc.), and Begerow, Dominik (Prof. Dr.)

Abstract

\(\it Entorrhiza\) is a small fungal genus comprising 14 species that all cause galls on roots of Cyperaceae and Juncaceae. Although this genus was established 130 years ago, crucial questions on the phylogenetic relationships and biology of this enigmatic taxon are still unanswered. In order to infer a robust hypothesis about the phylogenetic position of \(\it Entorrhiza\) and to evaluate evolutionary trends, multiple gene sequences and morphological characteristics of \(\it Entorrhiza\) were analyzed and compared with respective findings in Fungi. In our comprehensive five-gene analyses \(\it Entorrhiza\) appeared as a highly supported monophyletic lineage representing the sister group to the rest of the Dikarya, a phylogenetic placement that received but moderate maximum likelihood and maximum parsimony bootstrap support. An alternative maximum likelihood tree with the constraint that \(\it Entorrhiza\) forms a monophyletic group with Basidiomycota could not be rejected. According to the first phylogenetic hypothesis, the teliospore tetrads of \(\it Entorrhiza\) represent the prototype of the dikaryan meiosporangium. The alternative hypothesis is supported by similarities in septal pore structure, cell wall and spindle pole bodies. Based on the isolated phylogenetic position of \(\it Entorrhiza\) and its peculiar combination of features related to ultrastructure and reproduction mode, we propose a new phylum Entorrhizomycota, for the genus \(\it Entorrhiza\), which represents an apparently widespread group of inconspicuous fungi.

Published
2015

33. Determining threshold values for barcoding fungi:lessons from Cortinarius (Basidiomycota), a highly diverse and widespread ectomycorrhizal genus

Author

Garnica, Sigisfredo, Schön, Max Emil, Abarenkov, Kessy, Riess, Kai, Liimatainen, Kare, Niskanen, Tuula, Dima, Bálint, Soop, Karl, Frøslev, Tobias Guldberg, Jeppesen, Thomas Stjernegaard, Peintner, Ursula, Kuhnert-Finkernagel, Regina, Brandrud, Tor Erik, Saar, Günter, Oertel, Bernhard, Ammirati, Joseph F., Garnica, Sigisfredo, Schön, Max Emil, Abarenkov, Kessy, Riess, Kai, Liimatainen, Kare, Niskanen, Tuula, Dima, Bálint, Soop, Karl, Frøslev, Tobias Guldberg, Jeppesen, Thomas Stjernegaard, Peintner, Ursula, Kuhnert-Finkernagel, Regina, Brandrud, Tor Erik, Saar, Günter, Oertel, Bernhard, and Ammirati, Joseph F.

Published
2016

34. Communities of endophytic sebacinales associated with roots of herbaceous plants in agricultural and grassland ecosystems are dominated by Serendipita herbamans sp. nov

Author

Riess, Kai, Oberwinkler, Franz, Bauer, Robert, and Garnica, Sigisfredo

Subjects
Arabidopsis, lcsh:Medicine, Mycology, Plant Science, Microbiology, Plant Roots, Ecosystems, Plant Microbiology, Plant-Environment Interactions, Endophytes, lcsh:Science, Poa, Flowering Plants, Phylogeny, Plant Growth and Development, Evolutionary Biology, Ecology, Plant Ecology, Basidiomycota, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, lcsh:R, Organisms, Fungi, Biology and Life Sciences, Genetic Variation, food and beverages, Agriculture, Plants, Grassland, Organismal Evolution, lcsh:Q, Research Article, Developmental Biology
Abstract

Endophytic fungi are known to be commonly associated with herbaceous plants, however, there are few studies focusing on their occurrence and distribution in plant roots from ecosystems with different land uses. To explore the phylogenetic diversity and community structure of Sebacinales endophytes from agricultural and grassland habitats under different land uses, we analysed the roots of herbaceous plants using strain isolation, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and co-cultivation experiments. A new sebacinoid strain named Serendipita herbamans belonging to Sebacinales group B was isolated from the roots of Bistorta vivipara, which is characterized by colourless monilioid cells (chlamydospores) that become yellow with age. This species was very common and widely distributed in association with a broad spectrum of herbaceous plant families in diverse habitats, independent of land use type. Ultrastructurally, the presence of S. herbamans was detected in the cortical cells of Plantago media, Potentilla anserina and Triticum aestivum. In addition, 13 few frequent molecular operational taxonomic units (MOTUs) or species were found across agricultural and grassland habitats, which did not exhibit a distinctive phylogenetic structure. Laboratory-based assays indicate that S. herbamans has the ability to colonize fine roots and stimulate plant growth. Although endophytic Sebacinales are widely distributed across agricultural and grassland habitats, TEM and nested PCR analyses reinforce the observation that these microorganisms are present in low quantity in plant roots, with no evidence of host specificity.

Published
2014

37. Determining threshold values for barcoding fungi: lessons fromCortinarius(Basidiomycota), a highly diverse and widespread ectomycorrhizal genus

Author

Garnica, Sigisfredo, primary, Schön, Max Emil, additional, Abarenkov, Kessy, additional, Riess, Kai, additional, Liimatainen, Kare, additional, Niskanen, Tuula, additional, Dima, Bálint, additional, Soop, Karl, additional, Frøslev, Tobias Guldberg, additional, Jeppesen, Thomas Stjernegaard, additional, Peintner, Ursula, additional, Kuhnert-Finkernagel, Regina, additional, Brandrud, Tor Erik, additional, Saar, Günter, additional, Oertel, Bernhard, additional, and Ammirati, Joseph F., additional

Published
2016
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40. Corrigendum: new Cortinarius species associated with Quercus and Comarostaphylis in Costa Rica

Author

Ammirati, Joe, Garnica, Sigisfredo, Hailing, Roy. E., Mata, Milagro, Mueller, Gregory M., and Carranza, Julieta

Subjects
Biological sciences
Abstract

Ref.: Botany, 85(9): 794-812 (2007). In the original Supplementary data file, the species Cortinarius sericeolazulinus, JFA12053, is marked as the Holotype, which it is not. A corrected version of the [...]

Published
2012
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41. Determining threshold values for barcoding fungi: lessons from Cortinarius (Basidiomycota), a highly diverse and widespread ectomycorrhizal genus.

Author

Garnica, Sigisfredo, Schön, Max Emil, Abarenkov, Kessy, Brandrud, Tor Erik, Dima, Bálint, Frøslev, Tobias Guldberg, Jeppesen, Thomas Stjernegaard, Kuhnert-Finkernagel, Regina, Liimatainen, Kare, Niskanen, Tuula, Peintner, Ursula, Riess, Kai, Soop, Karl, Saar, Günter, Oertel, Bernhard, and Ammirati, Joseph F.

Subjects
*BASIDIOMYCOTA, *ECTOMYCORRHIZAL fungi, *GENETIC markers, *GENETIC barcoding, *BIOMARKERS
Abstract

Different distance-based threshold selection approaches were used to assess and compare use of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region to distinguish among 901 Cortinarius species represented by >3000 collections. Sources of error associated with genetic markers and selection approaches were explored and evaluated using MOTUs from genus and lineage based-alignments. Our study indicates that 1%-2% more species can be distinguished by using the full-length ITS barcode as compared to either the ITS1 or ITS2 regions alone. Optimal threshold values for different picking approaches and genetic marker lengths inferred from a subset of species containing major lineages ranged from 97.0% to 99.5% sequence similarity using clustering optimization and UNITE SH, and from 1% to 2% sequence dissimilarity with CROP. Errors for the optimal cutoff ranged from 0% to 70%, and these can be reduced to a maximum of 22% when excluding species lacking a barcode gap. A threshold value of 99% is suitable for distinguishing species in the majority of lineages in the genus using the entire ITS region but only 90% of the species could be identified using just the ITS1 or ITS2 region. Prior identification of species, lacking barcode gaps and their subsequent separate analyses, maximized the accuracy of threshold approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2016
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42. Agaricales más comunes recolectados en el Campus Isla Teja de la Universidad Austral de Chile

Author

Valenzuela, Eduardo, Ramírez, Carlos, Moreno, Gabriel, Polette, Mireille, Garnica, Sigisfredo, Peredo, Hernán, and Grinbergs, Janis

Abstract

31 Agaricales s. 1. collected in Campus Isla Teja of the Universidad Austral de Chile are recorded, drawing of their most important characters are showed and same ecological aspects are mentioned., Se citan 31 taxones de Agaricales s. 1. recolectados en el Campus Isla Teja de la Universidad Austral de Chile, se aportan dibujos de sus caracteres más importantes y se mencionan aspectos ecológicos.

Published
1996

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