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174 results on '"Garner, Keith"'

2. Loper Bright And Relentless 101: What Regulated Businesses Need To Know At The Dawn Of The Post-Chevron Era

Author

Garner, Keith

Subjects
United States. Supreme Court -- Cases, Administrative agencies -- Cases, Judicial review of administrative acts -- Cases, Company legal issue, Business, international, Loper Bright Industries v. Raimondo No. 22-451 (Supreme Court. June 28, 2024), Chevron U.S.A., Inc. v. Natural Resources Defense Council 467 U.S. 837 (1984)
Abstract

In late June, the U.S. Supreme Court took an important step toward conscribing the power of federal agencies, abandoning the 'Chevron doctrine' and its requirement that federal courts defer to [...]

Published
2024

4. California Offshore Wind Lease Sale Announced By Bureau Of Ocean Energy Management

Author

Garner, Keith

Subjects
United States. Bureau of Ocean Energy Management -- Powers and duties, Offshore wind farms -- Laws, regulations and rules, Commercial leases -- Laws, regulations and rules, Energy management systems -- Laws, regulations and rules, Government regulation, Business, international
Abstract

On October 21, 2022, the U.S. Bureau of Ocean Energy Management ('BOEM') published a Final Sale Notice ('FSN') for commercial leasing for wind power on California's Outer Continental Shelf ('OCS'). [...]

Published
2022

5. U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service Proposes New Regulations Creating General Eagle 'Take' Permits For Certain Wind Energy And Power Line Infrastructure Projects

Author

Garner, Keith

Subjects
United States. Fish and Wildlife Service -- Powers and duties, Wind power -- Buildings and facilities, Infrastructure (Economics) -- Laws, regulations and rules, Bald eagle -- Protection and preservation, Power lines -- Laws, regulations and rules -- Environmental aspects, Government regulation, Business, international, Eagle Protection Act
Abstract

The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service recently published a proposed rule revising regulations that authorize permit issuance for eagle incidental take and eagle nest take under the Bald and Golden [...]

Published
2022

6. California Energy Commission Releases Milestone Offshore Wind Energy Report And Sets Maximum Feasible Capacity And Megawatt Planning Goals For 2030 And 2045

Author

Garner, Keith

Subjects
California. Energy Commission -- Aims and objectives -- Reports, Offshore wind farms -- Capacity -- Management, Company business management, Business, international
Abstract

Offshore wind development off the California coast took another step closer to reality on August 10, 2022 with the California Energy Commission's release of a report setting maximum feasible capacity [...]

Published
2022

7. Opinions

Author

Chambers, Kasy, Cowling, Martin J, Falzon, John, Garner, Keith V, Tidd, Floyd, and Yeomans, Catherine

Published
2016

9. Optimization of whole-brain rabies virus tracing technology for small cell populations

Author

In Vivo NMR ISI, DDOD, TN groep Adan, Brain, Roelofs, Theresia J.M., Menting-Henry, Shanice, Gol, Lieke M., Speel, Annelijn M., Wielenga, Vera H., Garner, Keith M., Luijendijk, Mieneke C.M., Hennrich, Alexandru A., Conzelmann, Karl Klaus, Adan, Roger A.H., In Vivo NMR ISI, DDOD, TN groep Adan, Brain, Roelofs, Theresia J.M., Menting-Henry, Shanice, Gol, Lieke M., Speel, Annelijn M., Wielenga, Vera H., Garner, Keith M., Luijendijk, Mieneke C.M., Hennrich, Alexandru A., Conzelmann, Karl Klaus, and Adan, Roger A.H.

Published
2021

10. Identification of Novel Neurocircuitry Through Which Leptin Targets Multiple Inputs to the Dopamine System to Reduce Food Reward Seeking

Author

Brain, TN groep Adan, TN groep Meye, Omrani, Azar, de Vrind, Veronne A J, Lodder, Bart, Stoltenborg, Iris, Kooij, Karlijn, Wolterink-Donselaar, Inge G, Luijendijk-Berg, Mieneke C M, Garner, Keith M, Van't Sant, Lisanne J, Rozeboom, Annemieke, Dickson, Suzanne L, Meye, Frank J, Adan, Roger A H, Brain, TN groep Adan, TN groep Meye, Omrani, Azar, de Vrind, Veronne A J, Lodder, Bart, Stoltenborg, Iris, Kooij, Karlijn, Wolterink-Donselaar, Inge G, Luijendijk-Berg, Mieneke C M, Garner, Keith M, Van't Sant, Lisanne J, Rozeboom, Annemieke, Dickson, Suzanne L, Meye, Frank J, and Adan, Roger A H

Published
2021

15. Melanocortin System and Eating Disorders

Author

ADAN, ROGER A.H., HILLEBRAND, JACQUELIEN J.G., DE RIJKE, CORINE, NIJENHUIS, WOUTER, VINK, TOM, GARNER, KEITH M., and KAS, MARTIEN J.H.

Published
2003

18. Neuropeptide delivery to the brain: a von Willebrand factor signal peptide to direct neuropeptide secretion

Author

de Backer Marijke WA, Brans Maike AD, Luijendijk Mieneke CM, Garner Keith M, van den Heuvel Dianne MA, Pasterkamp R Jeroen, and Adan Roger AH

Subjects
Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry, RC321-571, Neurophysiology and neuropsychology, QP351-495
Abstract

Abstract Background Multiple neuropeptides, sometimes with opposing functions, can be produced from one precursor gene. To study the roles of the different neuropeptides encoded by one large precursor we developed a method to overexpress minigenes and establish local secretion. Results We fused the signal peptide from the Von Willebrand Factor (VWF) to a furin site followed by a processed form of the Agouti related protein (AgRP), AgRP83-132 or α-melanocyte stimulating hormone. In vitro, these minigenes were secreted and biologically active. Additionally, the proteins of the minigenes were not transported into projections of primary neurons, thereby ensuring local release. In vivo administration of VWF-AgRP83-132 , using an adeno-associated viral vector as a delivery vehicle, into the paraventricular hypothalamus increased body weight and food intake of these rats compared to rats which received a control vector. Conclusions This study demonstrated that removal of the N-terminal part of full length AgRP and addition of a VWF signal peptide is a successful strategy to deliver neuropeptide minigenes to the brain and establish local neuropeptide secretion.

Published
2010
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19. An adeno-associated viral vector transduces the rat hypothalamus and amygdala more efficient than a lentiviral vector

Author

Vreugdenhil Erno, Garner Keith M, Luijendijk Mieneke CM, Brans Maike AD, Fitzsimons Carlos P, de Backer Marijke WA, and Adan Roger AH

Subjects
Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry, RC321-571, Neurophysiology and neuropsychology, QP351-495
Abstract

Abstract Background This study compared the transduction efficiencies of an adeno-associated viral (AAV) vector, which was pseudotyped with an AAV1 capsid and encoded the green fluorescent protein (GFP), with a lentiviral (LV) vector, which was pseudotyped with a VSV-G envelop and encoded the discosoma red fluorescent protein (dsRed), to investigate which viral vector transduced the lateral hypothalamus or the amygdala more efficiently. The LV-dsRed and AAV1-GFP vector were mixed and injected into the lateral hypothalamus or into the amygdala of adult rats. The titers that were injected were 1 × 108 or 1 × 109 genomic copies of AAV1-GFP and 1 × 105 transducing units of LV-dsRed. Results Immunostaining for GFP and dsRed showed that AAV1-GFP transduced significantly more cells than LV-dsRed in both the lateral hypothalamus and the amygdala. In addition, the number of LV particles that were injected can not easily be increased, while the number of AAV1 particles can be increased easily with a factor 100 to 1000. Both viral vectors appear to predominantly transduce neurons. Conclusions This study showed that AAV1 vectors are better tools to overexpress or knockdown genes in the lateral hypothalamus and amygdala of adult rats, since more cells can be transduced with AAV1 than with LV vectors and the titer of AAV1 vectors can easily be increased to transduce the area of interest.

Published
2010
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21. An Intersectional Approach to Target Neural Circuits With Cell- and Projection-Type Specificity: Validation in the Mesolimbic Dopamine System

Author

Brain, TN groep Adan, Projectafdeling SvS, Circulatory Health, Kakava-Georgiadou, Nefeli, Zwartkruis, Maria M, Bullich-Vilarrubias, Clara, Luijendijk, Mieneke C M, Garner, Keith M, van der Plasse, Geoffrey, Adan, Roger A H, Brain, TN groep Adan, Projectafdeling SvS, Circulatory Health, Kakava-Georgiadou, Nefeli, Zwartkruis, Maria M, Bullich-Vilarrubias, Clara, Luijendijk, Mieneke C M, Garner, Keith M, van der Plasse, Geoffrey, and Adan, Roger A H

Published
2019

22. District Court Provides Guidance On Climate Change Analysis Under NEPA

Author

Garner, Keith

Subjects
Oil and gas leases -- Laws, regulations and rules, Global temperature changes -- Laws, regulations and rules, District courts -- Powers and duties, Public lands, Environmental impact statements, Climate change, Corporate sponsorship, Leases, Energy industries, Government regulation, Business, international, National Environmental Policy Act of 1969
Abstract

A federal district court has ruled that the Bureau of Land Management ('BLM') failed to adequately consider climate change when approving a set of oil and gas leases on public [...]

Published
2019

26. Melanocortin 3 Receptor Signaling in Midbrain Dopamine Neurons Increases the Motivation for Food Reward

Author

Pandit, Rahul, Omrani, Azar, Luijendijk, Mieneke C M, de Vrind, Véronne A J, Van Rozen, Andrea J, Ophuis, Ralph J A Oude, Garner, Keith, Kallo, Imre, Ghanem, Alexander, Liposits, Zsolt, Conzelmann, Karl-Klaus, Vanderschuren, Louk J M J, la Fleur, Susanne E, Adan, Roger A H, dASS BW-1, Behaviour & Welfare, dASS BW-1, Behaviour & Welfare, AGEM - Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, ANS - Cellular & Molecular Mechanisms, Endocrinology Laboratory, and Endocrinology

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Sucrose, Pro-Opiomelanocortin, Action Potentials, 03 medical and health sciences, Eating, gamma-MSH, 0302 clinical medicine, Reward, Arcuate nucleus, Dopamine, Internal medicine, medicine, Journal Article, Premovement neuronal activity, Animals, Rats, Wistar, 2. Zero hunger, Pharmacology, Neurons, Motivation, Dopaminergic Neurons, Dopaminergic, Ventral Tegmental Area, digestive, oral, and skin physiology, Arcuate Nucleus of Hypothalamus, Feeding Behavior, Melanocortin 3 receptor, Ventral tegmental area, Psychiatry and Mental health, 030104 developmental biology, Endocrinology, medicine.anatomical_structure, nervous system, Hypothalamus, Food, Original Article, Melanocortin, Psychology, Neuroscience, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, medicine.drug, Receptor, Melanocortin, Type 3, Signal Transduction
Abstract

The central melanocortin (MC) system mediates its effects on food intake via MC3 (MC3R) and MC4 receptors (MC4R). Although the role of MC4R in meal size determination, satiation, food preference, and motivation is well established, the involvement of MC3R in the modulation of food intake has been less explored. Here, we investigated the role of MC3R on the incentive motivation for food, which is a crucial component of feeding behavior. Dopaminergic neurons within the ventral tegmental area (VTA) have a crucial role in the motivation for food. We here report that MC3Rs are expressed on VTA dopaminergic neurons and that pro-opiomelanocortinergic (POMC) neurons in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus (Arc) innervate these VTA dopaminergic neurons. Our findings show that intracerebroventricular or intra-VTA infusion of the selective MC3R agonist γMSH increases responding for sucrose under a progressive ratio schedule of reinforcement, but not free sucrose consumption in rats. Furthermore, ex vivo electrophysiological recordings show increased VTA dopaminergic neuronal activity upon γMSH application. Consistent with a dopamine-mediated effect of γMSH, the increased motivation for sucrose after intra-VTA infusion of γMSH was blocked by pretreatment with the dopamine receptor antagonist α-flupenthixol. Taken together, we demonstrate an Arc POMC projection onto VTA dopaminergic neurons that modulates motivation for palatable food via activation of MC3R signaling.Neuropsychopharmacology advance online publication, 2 March 2016; doi:10.1038/npp.2016.19.

Published
2016

27. California's evolving regulation of wetlands: Will new rules bring clarity?

Author

Garner, Keith

Subjects
*WATER quality management, *CONSTRUCTED wetlands, *WETLANDS
Abstract

California is often seen as a precursor for setting new environmental standards in a variety of fields, including wetlands. The Water Board's Procedures also include guidance on mapping and delineating the extent of wetlands and, as with defining the term "wetland", attempt to minimize conflict with how wetlands are delineated by the Corps. [Extracted from the article]

Published
2021

28. Corps And EPA Solicit Public Comment On Restoring Pre-Clean Water Rule Regulations

Author

Garner, Keith

Subjects
United States. Environmental Protection Agency -- Powers and duties, Rule of law -- Analysis, Business, international
Abstract

On July 27, 2017, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers published their proposed rule to rescind the Clean Water Rule. This is the same [...]

Published
2017

30. Reducing Ventral Tegmental Dopamine D2 Receptor Expression Selectively Boosts Incentive Motivation

Author

de Jong, Johannes W, Roelofs, Theresia J M, Mol, Frédérique M U, Hillen, Anne E J, Meijboom, Katharina E, Luijendijk, Mieneke C M, van der Eerden, Harrie A M, Garner, Keith M, Vanderschuren, Louk J M J, Adan, Roger A H, Sub Neurobiologie van gedrag, Emotion and Cognition, ASS E&C1, Sub Neurobiologie van gedrag, Emotion and Cognition, and ASS E&C1

Subjects
Male, Sucrose, Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase, media_common.quotation_subject, Self Administration, Striatum, Motor Activity, Research Support, Extinction, Psychological, Cocaine, Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors, Dopamine, Dopamine receptor D2, mental disorders, medicine, Journal Article, Animals, Humans, RNA, Small Interfering, Rats, Wistar, Non-U.S. Gov't, media_common, Pharmacology, Motivation, Receptors, Dopamine D2, Addiction, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't, Ventral Tegmental Area, Extinction (psychology), Rats, Ventral tegmental area, Psychiatry and Mental health, medicine.anatomical_structure, HEK293 Cells, Gene Expression Regulation, Sweetening Agents, Conditioning, Operant, Original Article, Self-administration, Psychology, Neuroscience, medicine.drug
Abstract

Altered mesolimbic dopamine signaling has been widely implicated in addictive behavior. For the most part, this work has focused on dopamine within the striatum, but there is emerging evidence for a role of the auto-inhibitory, somatodendritic dopamine D2 receptor (D2R) in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) in addiction. Thus, decreased midbrain D2R expression has been implicated in addiction in humans. Moreover, knockout of the gene encoding the D2R receptor (Drd2) in dopamine neurons has been shown to enhance the locomotor response to cocaine in mice. Therefore, we here tested the hypothesis that decreasing D2R expression in the VTA of adult rats, using shRNA knockdown, promotes addiction-like behavior in rats responding for cocaine or palatable food. Rats with decreased VTA D2R expression showed markedly increased motivation for both sucrose and cocaine under a progressive ratio schedule of reinforcement, but the acquisition or maintenance of cocaine self administration were not affected. They also displayed enhanced cocaine-induced locomotor activity, but no change in basal locomotion. This robust increase in incentive motivation was behaviorally specific, since we did not observe any differences in fixed ratio responding, extinction responding, reinstatement or conditioned suppression of cocaine and sucrose seeking. We conclude that VTA D2R knockdown results in increased incentive motivation, but does not directly promote other aspects of addiction-like behavior.Neuropsychopharmacology accepted article preview online, 04 March 2015. doi:10.1038/npp.2015.60.

Published
2015

32. Melanocortin 3 Receptor Signaling in Midbrain Dopamine Neurons Increases the Motivation for Food Reward

Author

dASS BW-1, Behaviour & Welfare, Pandit, Rahul, Omrani, Azar, Luijendijk, Mieneke C M, de Vrind, Véronne A J, Van Rozen, Andrea J, Ophuis, Ralph J A Oude, Garner, Keith, Kallo, Imre, Ghanem, Alexander, Liposits, Zsolt, Conzelmann, Karl-Klaus, Vanderschuren, Louk J M J, la Fleur, Susanne E, Adan, Roger A H, dASS BW-1, Behaviour & Welfare, Pandit, Rahul, Omrani, Azar, Luijendijk, Mieneke C M, de Vrind, Véronne A J, Van Rozen, Andrea J, Ophuis, Ralph J A Oude, Garner, Keith, Kallo, Imre, Ghanem, Alexander, Liposits, Zsolt, Conzelmann, Karl-Klaus, Vanderschuren, Louk J M J, la Fleur, Susanne E, and Adan, Roger A H

Published
2016

33. Melanocortin 3 Receptor Signaling in Midbrain Dopamine Neurons Increases the Motivation for Food Reward

Author

TN groep Adan, Brain, TN groep Meye, Circulatory Health, Pandit, Rahul, Omrani, Azar, Luijendijk, Mieneke C M, de Vrind, Véronne A J, Van Rozen, Andrea J, Oude Ophuis, Ralph J A, Garner, Keith, Kallo, Imre, Ghanem, Alexander, Liposits, Zsolt, Conzelmann, Karl-Klaus, Vanderschuren, Louk J M J, la Fleur, Susanne E, Adan, Roger A H, TN groep Adan, Brain, TN groep Meye, Circulatory Health, Pandit, Rahul, Omrani, Azar, Luijendijk, Mieneke C M, de Vrind, Véronne A J, Van Rozen, Andrea J, Oude Ophuis, Ralph J A, Garner, Keith, Kallo, Imre, Ghanem, Alexander, Liposits, Zsolt, Conzelmann, Karl-Klaus, Vanderschuren, Louk J M J, la Fleur, Susanne E, and Adan, Roger A H

Published
2016

34. USFWS Proposes (Again) To Issue 30-Year Eagle Act Permits

Author

Garner, Keith

Subjects
United States. Fish and Wildlife Service -- Powers and duties, Environmental law -- Reports -- Interpretation and construction -- Analysis, Bird conservation -- Laws, regulations and rules, Bald eagle -- Evaluation -- Laws, regulations and rules -- Reports, Government regulation, Business, international, Eagle Protection Act
Abstract

On May 6, 2016, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service ('Service') published a proposed rule that would amend various aspects of its permitting program under the Bald and Golden Eagle [...]

Published
2016

35. Erratum: Melanocortin-4 receptor gene mutations in a dutch cohort of obese children (Obesity 19 (604-611) DOI:10.1038/oby.2010.259)

Author

Van Den Berg, Linda, Van Beekum, Olivier, Heutink, Peter, Felius, Bram A., Van De Heijning, Monique P.M., Strijbis, Stefan, Van Spaendonk, Rosalina, Piancatelli, Daniela, Garner, Keith M., El Aouad, Rajae, Sistermans, Erik, Adan, Roger A.H., Delemarre-Van De Waal, Henriette A., VU University medical center, NCA - Anxiety & Depression, NCA - Attention & Cognition, NCA - Drug Screening & Therapy Design, NCA - Neurodegeneration, Human genetics, Amsterdam Neuroscience - Complex Trait Genetics, Amsterdam Reproduction & Development (AR&D), and Pediatric surgery

Published
2011
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36. Reducing Ventral Tegmental Dopamine D2 Receptor Expression Selectively Boosts Incentive Motivation

Author

de Jong, Johannes W., Roelofs, Theresia J M, Mol, Frédérique M U, Hillen, Anne E J, Meijboom, Katharina E., Luijendijk, Mieneke C M, Van Der Eerden, Harrie A M, Garner, Keith M., Vanderschuren, Louk J M J, Adan, Roger A H, de Jong, Johannes W., Roelofs, Theresia J M, Mol, Frédérique M U, Hillen, Anne E J, Meijboom, Katharina E., Luijendijk, Mieneke C M, Van Der Eerden, Harrie A M, Garner, Keith M., Vanderschuren, Louk J M J, and Adan, Roger A H

Published
2015

37. Reducing Ventral Tegmental Dopamine D2 Receptor Expression Selectively Boosts Incentive Motivation

Author

Sub Neurobiologie van gedrag, Emotion and Cognition, ASS E&C1, de Jong, Johannes W, Roelofs, Theresia J M, Mol, Frédérique M U, Hillen, Anne E J, Meijboom, Katharina E, Luijendijk, Mieneke C M, van der Eerden, Harrie A M, Garner, Keith M, Vanderschuren, Louk J M J, Adan, Roger A H, Sub Neurobiologie van gedrag, Emotion and Cognition, ASS E&C1, de Jong, Johannes W, Roelofs, Theresia J M, Mol, Frédérique M U, Hillen, Anne E J, Meijboom, Katharina E, Luijendijk, Mieneke C M, van der Eerden, Harrie A M, Garner, Keith M, Vanderschuren, Louk J M J, and Adan, Roger A H

Published
2015

38. Reducing Ventral Tegmental Dopamine D2 Receptor Expression Selectively Boosts Incentive Motivation

Author

TN groep Adan, Brain, TN groep Meye, de Jong, Johannes W., Roelofs, Theresia J M, Mol, Frédérique M U, Hillen, Anne E J, Meijboom, Katharina E., Luijendijk, Mieneke C M, Van Der Eerden, Harrie A M, Garner, Keith M., Vanderschuren, Louk J M J, Adan, Roger A H, TN groep Adan, Brain, TN groep Meye, de Jong, Johannes W., Roelofs, Theresia J M, Mol, Frédérique M U, Hillen, Anne E J, Meijboom, Katharina E., Luijendijk, Mieneke C M, Van Der Eerden, Harrie A M, Garner, Keith M., Vanderschuren, Louk J M J, and Adan, Roger A H

Published
2015

39. Bill To Nullify Clean Water Rule Vetoed

Author

Garner, Keith

Subjects
Water quality -- Laws, regulations and rules, Government regulation, Business, international, Clean Water Act of 1977
Abstract

On January 19, 2016, President Obama vetoed legislation that, if approved, would have nullified the Clean Water Rule. The controversial rule, which redefines which water bodies qualify as 'waters of [...]

Published
2016

40. State Lands Commission Land Exchanges Not Exempt From CEQA Review Absent A Title Or Boundary Dispute; Actual Notice Doesn't Satisfy CEQA Notice Requirements Under Public Resources Code Section 21177(e)

Author

Garner, Keith

Subjects
California. State Lands Commission -- Cases, Trustees -- Cases, Real property exchanges -- Cases, Business, international, California. Environmental Quality Act
Abstract

In Defend Our Waterfront v. California State Lands Commission (Sept. 17, 2015) __Cal.App.4th __, Case Nos. A141696 & A141697, the California Court of Appeal for the First District upheld the [...]

Published
2015

41. EPA And Corps Issue Rule Defining 'Waters Of The U.S.'

Author

Garner, Keith

Subjects
Zoning law -- Interpretation and construction, Sewage treatment -- Environmental aspects -- Laws, regulations and rules, Navigable waters -- Supply and demand -- Environmental aspects -- Laws, regulations and rules, Environmental protection -- Laws, regulations and rules, Government regulation, Environmental issue, Business, international, Clean Water Act of 1977
Abstract

On June 29, 2015, the Environmental Protection Agency ('EPA') and U.S. Army Corps of Engineers ('Corps') published a final rule defining 'waters of the United States.' The rule becomes effective [...]

Published
2015

44. The whole truth: is layered voice analysis the future of lie-detecting technology?

Author

Garner, Keith

Subjects
Insurance fraud -- Laws, regulations and rules, Government regulation, Business, Insurance
Abstract

[ILLUSTRATION OMITTED] Fraud losses have been an obstacle for the insurance industry since its establishment. To help detect and deter it, there is now a frequency-based technology that determines veracity [...]

Published
2009

45. Past perfect

Author

Garner, Keith

Subjects
Sports and fitness
Abstract

I was almost moved to tears by Phil Bourjaily's 'Silent Fields.' I hunted every weekend of pheasant season when I lived in Kansas years ago, and it makes me sad [...]

Published
2014

47. Induction of brain-region-specific forms of obesity by agouti

Author

Kas, Martien J H, Tiesjema, Birgitte, van Dijk, Gertjan, Garner, Keith M, Barsh, Gregory S, ter Brake, Olivier, Verhaagen, J., Adan, Roger A H, Kas, Martien J H, Tiesjema, Birgitte, van Dijk, Gertjan, Garner, Keith M, Barsh, Gregory S, ter Brake, Olivier, Verhaagen, J., and Adan, Roger A H

Abstract

Disruption of melanocortin (MC) signaling, such as by ectopic Agouti overexpression, leads to an obesity syndrome with hyperphagia, obesity, and accelerated body weight gain during high-fat diet. To investigate where in the brain disruption of MC signaling results in obesity, long-term Agouti expression was induced after local injections of recombinant adeno-associated viral particles in selected brain nuclei of adult rats. Agouti expression in the paraventricular nucleus, a hypothalamic region with a high density of MC receptors, induced acute onset hyperphagia and rapid weight gain that persisted for at least 6 weeks. In contrast, obesity and hyperphagia developed with a 3 week delay when Agouti was expressed in the dorsal medial hypothalamus. Agouti expression in the lateral hypothalamus (LH) did not affect food intake and body weight during regular diet, despite the presence of MC receptors in this region. However, during exposure to a high-fat diet, animals with Agouti expression in the LH exhibited a marked increase in body weight. Here we show that the LH is important for the protection against diet-induced obesity by controlling caloric intake during consumption of a high-fat diet. Together, this study provides evidence that different aspects of the Agouti-induced obesity syndrome, such as hyperphagia and diet responsiveness, are mediated by distinct brain regions and opens challenging opportunities for further understanding of pathophysiological processes in the development of the obesity syndrome.

Published
2004

48. Melanocortin‐4 Receptor Gene Mutations in a Dutch Cohort of Obese Children

Author

van den Berg, Linda, primary, van Beekum, Olivier, additional, Heutink, Peter, additional, Felius, Bram A., additional, van de Heijning, Monique P.M., additional, Strijbis, Stefan, additional, van Spaendonk, Rosalina, additional, Piancatelli, Daniela, additional, Garner, Keith M., additional, El‐Aouad, Rajae, additional, Sistermans, Erik, additional, Adan, Roger A.H., additional, and Delemarre‐van de Waal, Henriette A., additional

Published
2011
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