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Byline: Sachin. Gupta, Varniraj. Patel, Shivangi. Garg, Nikhil. Mehta Sir, GM1-gangliosidosis is a rare autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disorder characterized by a deficiency of the ß-galactosidase enzyme. Patients with GM1-gangliosidosis [...]

Introduction: The objective of our study was to examine the clinical characteristics and underlying risk factors of acute ischemic stroke in patients aged 18–45. Materials and Methods: We prospectively studied etiology of patients aged 18–45 with acute ischemic stroke presenting to our hospital from September to December of the following year. We aimed for 80% statistical power at a 5% significance level with a precision of 0.15, which led us to a calculated sample size of 39. Results: Fifty patients were observed. The main risk factors identified were alcohol use (36%), smoking (30%), and hypertension (22%). Prothrombotic states were found to be a significant risk factor in cases where the stroke's origin was undetermined. The most common stroke subtype was large-artery atherosclerosis, which was followed by strokes with other underlying causes. There was a statistically significant association between hypertension and ischemic stroke subtypes (P = 0.01). Hypertension was associated with small-vessel disease (92.3%) and strokes with undetermined causes (56.5%), with P = 0.023 and P <0.001, respectively. Conclusions: Hypertension was associated with multiple stroke subtypes in young individuals. Therefore, it is essential to strictly control hypertension through antihypertensive therapy and lifestyle changes. As alcohol use and smoking are becoming more prevalent among young individuals, early implementation of awareness programs targeting primary stroke prevention is highly desirable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ischemic stroke is a common emergency presentation to hospital with improving survival rates owing to access to specialist organized stroke care. The approach to the treatment of ischemic stroke has undergone great transformation over the past 20 years. The negativism of older times has given the way to proven treatment strategies to reverse ischemia and prevent patients from severe neurological disabilities or death. Acute stroke care has three main ideologies: (1) timely achievement of occluded artery recanalization and reperfusion of the part of brain that is ischemic, (2) optimization of collateral flow, and (3) avoidance of the secondary brain injury. In this review article, we will focus on the new developments in the management of acute stroke in the past decade. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It will be useful to analyze the proportion of patients with segmental vitiligo, especially those who have a dermatomal pattern, who have had a prior varicella or zoster infection and how these depigmented macules progress with recurrent herpes zoster episodes. Keywords: antiviral agents; inflammation; melanocytes; segmental vitiligo; varicella-zoster virus EN antiviral agents inflammation melanocytes segmental vitiligo varicella-zoster virus 439 440 2 08/23/23 20230901 NES 230901 Dear Sir, We read with great interest the article by Gauthier et al on the role of varicella zoster virus (VZV) in actively spreading segmental vitiligo. [Extracted from the article]

Carotid artery disease is typically the result of atherosclerosis at the bifurcation of the common carotid artery or in the origins of either the internal or external carotid artery. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) has been associated with increased morbidity and mortality after carotid revascularization. In contrast, there are only limited and conflicting data on the impact of CKD in patients undergoing carotid revascularization. Hemodynamic depression which occurs between 7% and 42% of patients undergoing carotid artery stenting might also have an important role in the pathogenesis of associated acute kidney injury. We hereby report two cases of carotid stenting in patients with underlying renal impairment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although the exact pathophysiology of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) remains unclear, oxidative stress is known to play a pivotal role. There is no cure for ALS, but there are two drugs available to slow the progression of the disease. Till recently, riluzole, a glutamatergic neurotransmission inhibitor, was the only drug approved for ALS. However, in May 2017, edaravone, which is a potent-free radical scavenger, was also approved by the Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of ALS. In this article, the mechanism of action of edaravone and clinical trials establishing its efficacy are reviewed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A total of six naturally occurring microalgal biomass bulk samples were collected from different lakes of Kumaum Himalayan region of Uttarakhand, India. Algae were identified as Microcystis aruginosa, a blue green alga and rest were green algae Hydrodictyon reticulum, Spirogyra orientalis, Chlorella vulgaris, Cosmarium nitudulum, Mougetia parvula. Oil was extracted from the dried algal samples and fatty acid analysis was done. Physico-chemical properties of algal oils such as density, viscosity, lipid content and pH were estimated tah meet all the properties given by ISO 15607 and EN 14214-Europe. Gas chromatographic analysis revealed palmitic (16:0) and oleic (18:1) as major fatty acids from the algal sample. From the present study it revealed that among the six studied taxa of Kumaun Himalayan region, chlorophycean genera like Mougetia parvula, Spirogyra orientalis, Cosmarium nitudulum containing more MUFAs (31-34%) with a support of 16:0 FA (30-35%), would be more suitable for biodiesel production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]