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5. Systematic review meta-analysis protocol preparation and registration - A narrative review

Author

Maurya, Indubala and Garg, Rakesh

Subjects
Data entry -- Analysis, Health
Abstract

Systematic reviews and meta-analyses (SRMAs) help in decision making, especially on conflicting publication findings and quality. SRMA identifies the source of heterogeneity, reduces subjectivity and identifies and fills gaps in existing knowledge. However, conducting an SRMA requires a well-written protocol, which acts as a clear roadmap for the researcher and defines objectives, methods and expected outcomes. Predefined research questions and methods minimise bias, thus increasing the reliability of the results. The protocol ensures that the study team stays consistent in data collection, synthesis and interpretation. The SRMA protocol includes rationale, hypothesis, aims and methodology. A detailed protocol improves the overall quality of the research. All SRMA protocols must be registered and made available publicly. Protocol registration ensures transparency in the research process, which avoids the wastage of resources and prevents duplication. A well-planned protocol facilitates faster peer review and enhances the chances for publication. This narrative review primarily focuses on SRMA protocol preparation and its registration. Keywords: Meta-analysis, PRISMA, PROSPERO, protocol, registration, systematic review, Author(s): Indubala Maurya (corresponding author) [1]; Rakesh Garg [2] INTRODUCTION A large number of studies in anaesthesiology and related fields are published every day. This abundance of literature may confuse [...]

Published
2025
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6. Systematic review and meta-analysis: What's next - embracing complexity and improving patient care!

Author

Garg, Rakesh

Subjects
Natural language interfaces -- Analysis, Computational linguistics -- Analysis, Language processing -- Analysis, Evidence-based medicine -- Analysis, Health
Abstract

Author(s): Rakesh Garg (corresponding author) [1] At the outset, the whole Editorial Board Team of the Indian Journal of Anaesthesia (IJA) wishes everyone a very happy new year. This special [...]

Published
2025
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7. Effect of intraoperative fluid volume on postoperative pulmonary complications in thoracic surgeries: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Author

Adhikari, Shreya Das, Gupta, Nitin, Gupta, Mukund, Nagesh, Savan K., Chaudhuri, Souvik, and Garg, Rakesh

Subjects
Acute respiratory distress syndrome -- Comparative analysis, Surgery -- Comparative analysis, Health
Abstract

Background and Aims: There is a lack of clear recommendations on fluid strategies in patients undergoing thoracic surgeries. The primary objective of this study was to compare the amount of intraoperative intravenous fluid (IVF) infused between those who developed postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs) and those who did not. Methods: All studies comparing PPCs in intraoperative restrictive versus liberal fluid therapies were included. Those studies where the average fluid infused was compared between PPC and the ‘no PPC' groups were also included. The pooled mean difference in IVF between patients with and without PPC and the pooled risk ratio of PPC in restricted versus liberal fluid arms were calculated. Results: Articles from PubMed (n = 157), EMBASE (n = 724) and citation searching (n = 4) were included. After excluding duplicates, title-abstract screening for 759 articles and full-text screening for 24 articles were done. The mean fluid infused in the 11 included articles was significantly higher in those with PPC (mean difference: 1.51 ml/kg/h, P = 0.001). The pooled proportion of PPC in liberal fluid arms was higher than in restricted fluid arms [risk ratio = 0.58 (95% confidence interval: 0.33, 1.02), P = 0.06]. There was high heterogeneity in both the meta-analyses. Conclusion: The meta-analysis showed that increased intraoperative IVF is associated with higher PPCs, and a restricted fluid strategy might be safer to reduce PPCs. However, since most studies were observational with a high risk of bias and high heterogeneity, well-conducted randomised controlled trials are needed to derive recommendations. Keywords: Acute respiratory distress syndrome, fluid therapy, lung injury, pneumonia, postoperative complications, pulmonary atelectasis, thoracic surgery, Author(s): Shreya Das Adhikari [1]; Nitin Gupta [2]; Mukund Gupta [3]; Savan K. Nagesh [1]; Souvik Chaudhuri [4]; Rakesh Garg (corresponding author) [5] INTRODUCTION Postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs), such as [...]

Published
2025
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21. ILCOR World Restart a Heart – Spreading global CPR awareness and empowering communities to save lives since 2018

Author

Al-Hilali, Zehra’, Scapigliati, Andrea, Böttiger, Bernd, Caruana, Marius, Cassan, Pascal, Chakra Rao, Siddha Sc, Cimpoesu, Diana, Dovhan, Tetiana, Edara, Lokesh, Escalante-Kanashiro, Raffo, Fleckner, Naja, Gandhi, Dr Atul, Garg, Rakesh, Hoover, Amber, Kelly, Barbara, Eldin Khalifa, Gamal, Kovács, Enikő, Han Lim, Swee, Lockey, Andrew, Mear, Teghan, Kondo Nakagawa, Naomi, Nanda, Prama, Orlob, Simon, Ossama, Bassinte, Reinsch, Lina, Rott, Nadine, Sales, Monica, Siddha, Surya S.C. Chakra Rao, Smith, Aldus, Stefanakis, Anastasios, Truhlar, Anatolij, Valderrama, Antonieta, Wijesuriya, Nilmini, Rott, N., Reinsch, L., Böttiger, B.W., and Lockey, A.

Published
2025
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22. Simcrafting: A comprehensive framework for scenario development for simulation

Author

Das, Smita, Ahmed, Syed M., Murry, Lumchio L., and Garg, Rakesh

Subjects
Education -- Methods, Medical education -- Research, Simulated patients -- Methods, Health
Abstract

Simulation can be an excellent teaching and learning method if the scenarios are created appropriately. It starts with assessing the learner's needs and is followed by laying down objectives embracing the SMART principles. While creating a scenario, it is essential to consider the different aspects of realism, such as physical, contextual and psychological aspects. Using moulages and props helps in creating physical realism. The simulation expert should also be aware of the learner's experience and decide the SimZones for their learners based on their level of clinical expertise. The scenario progression needs to be laid down in stages. The role of the embedded participant needs to be decided a priori, and the embedded participant should be well-versed in their role. Pilot testing is a crucial step in simulation development as it keeps the simulation expert aware of the loopholes in the simulation scenario before running. Keywords: Debriefing, development, moulages, prebriefing, realism, SimZones, simulation scenario, Author(s): Smita Das [1]; Syed M. Ahmed [2]; Lumchio L. Murry (corresponding author) [1]; Rakesh Garg [3] INTRODUCTION To create engaging simulation-based experiences for participants, it is essential to have [...]

Published
2024
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23. Simulation in airway management teaching and training

Author

Maurya, Indubala, Ahmed, Syed M., and Garg, Rakesh

Subjects
Education -- Methods, Educational research, Simulation methods -- Usage, Airway (Medicine) -- Management -- Educational aspects, Company business management, Technology application, Health
Abstract

There is a gradual shift in training and teaching methods in the medical field. We are slowly moving from the traditional model and adopting active learning methods like simulation-based training. Airway management is an essential clinical skill for any anaesthesiologist, and a trained anaesthesiologist must perform quick and definitive airway management using various techniques. Airway simulations have been used for the past few decades. It ensures active involvement, upgrading the trainees' airway management knowledge and skills, including basic airway skills, invasive procedures, and difficult clinical scenarios. Trainees also learn non-technical skills such as communication, teamwork, and coordination. A wide range of airway simulators are available. However, texture surface characteristics vary from one type to another. The simulation-based airway management training requires availability, understanding, faculty development, and a structured curriculum for effective delivery. This article explored the available evidence on simulation-based airway management teaching and training. Keywords: Airway, non-technical, simulation, skills, technical, training, Author(s): Indubala Maurya (corresponding author) [1]; Syed M. Ahmed [2]; Rakesh Garg [3] INTRODUCTION Airway management is an essential clinical skill for any anaesthesiologist. The inability to ventilate lungs is [...]

Published
2024
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24. Novel concept of quiz in advancing anaesthesia education - Insights from IJA

Author

Gupta, Bhavna, Showkath, Manshad, Bhat, Shilpa G. K., Garg, Rakesh, and Subbaramaiah, Muralidhar T.

Subjects
Anesthesia, Health
Abstract

Author(s): Bhavna Gupta (corresponding author) [1]; Manshad Showkath [2]; Shilpa G. K. Bhat [3]; Rakesh Garg [4]; Muralidhar T. Subbaramaiah [5] In the ever-evolving field of anaesthesia, continuous learning and [...]

Published
2024
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26. Healthcare research data sharing and academic journal: A challenging but fruitful initiative

Author

Garg, Rakesh and Karim, Habib M. R.

Subjects
Medical research, Medicine, Experimental, Dexmedetomidine -- Research, Evidence-based medicine -- Research
Abstract

Author(s): Rakesh Garg [1]; Habib M. R. Karim (corresponding author) [2] Data are the building blocks the researcher uses to find the unknown, validate the hypothetically known or even disapprove [...]

Published
2023
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28. Emergency front-of-neck access in cardiac arrest: A scoping review

Author

Berg, Katherine M., Böttiger, Bernd W., Chia, Yew Woon, Crowley, Conor, D'Arrigo, Sonia, Deakin, Charles D., Fernando, Shannon M., Garg, Rakesh, Granfeldt, Asger, Grunau, Brian, Hirsch, Karen G., Holmberg, Mathias J., Lavonas, Eric, Leong, Carrie, Kudenchuk, Peter J., Morley, Peter, Moskowitz, Ari, Neumar, Robert, Nicholson, Tonia C., Nikolaou, Nikolaos, Nolan, Jerry P., O'Neil, Brian, Ohshimo, Shinichiro, Parr, Michael, Pocock, Helen, Sandroni, Claudio, Scquizzato, Tommaso, Skrifvars, Markus, Vlok, Neville, Welsford, Michelle, Zelop, Carolyn, Aljanoubi, Mohammed, Almazrua, Abdulkarim A., Johnson, Samantha, Drennan, Ian R, Reynolds, Joshua C., Soar, Jasmeet, and Couper, Keith

Published
2024
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29. Simulation, artificial intelligence and technology

Author

Garg, Rakesh

Subjects
Medical research, Medicine, Experimental, Artificial intelligence -- Usage, Anesthesiology -- Methods -- Technology application, Simulation methods -- Usage, Artificial intelligence, Technology application, Health
Abstract

Author(s): Rakesh Garg (corresponding author) [1] BACKGROUND This issue of the Indian Journal of Anaesthesia is dedicated to the role and advancements in simulation, artificial intelligence and technology in anaesthesiology [...]

Published
2024
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32. Correction to: A comparison of two techniques of postoperative analgesia: lignocaine-fentanyl intravenous infusion and ropivacaine-fentanyl epidural infusion in patients undergoing cytoreductive cancer surgery (CRS) and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC)—prospective randomized control study

Author

Mahendru, Kiran, Garg, Rakesh, Bharati, Sachidanand Jee, Kumar, Vinod, Gupta, Nishkarsh, Mishra, Seema, Bhatnagar, Sushma, Ray, Mukurdipi, and Deo, Suryanarayana

Published
2023
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33. A comparison of two techniques of postoperative analgesia: lignocaine-fentanyl intravenous infusion and ropivacaine-fentanyl epidural infusion in patients undergoing cytoreductive cancer surgery (CRS) and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC)—prospective randomized control study

Author

Mahendru, Kiran, Garg, Rakesh, Bharati, Sachidanand Jee, Kumar, Vinod, Gupta, Nishkarsh, Mishra, Seema, Bhatnagar, Sushma, Ray, Mukurdipi, and Deo, Suryanarayana

Published
2023
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35. Intraosseous and intravenous vascular access during adult cardiac arrest: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Author

Berg, Katherine M., Moskowitz, Ari, Zelop, Carolyn M., Pocock, Helen, Hirsch, Karen G., Holmberg, Mathias J., Nikolaou, Nikolaos I., Garg, Rakesh, Fernando, Shannon M., Ohshimo, Shinichiro, D’Arrigo, Sonia, Sandroni, Claudio, Scquizzato, Tommaso, Chia, Yew Woon, Kah-Lai Leong, Carrie, Crowley, Conor P., Vlok, Neville, Böttiger, Bernd W., O’Neil, Brian J., Deakin, Charles D., Soar, Jasmeet, Parr, Michael J.A., Welsford, Michelle, Neumar, Robert W., Nicholson, Tonia C., Nolan, Jerry P., Couper, Keith, Andersen, Lars W., Drennan, Ian R., Grunau, Brian E., Kudenchuk, Peter J., Lall, Ranjit, Lavonas, Eric J., Perkins, Gavin D., Vallentin, Mikael Fink, and Granfeldt, Asger

Published
2024
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36. Arena of scoring systems in research and clinical practice

Author

Garg, Rakesh

Subjects
Medical research, Medicine, Experimental, Health
Abstract

Byline: Rakesh. Garg Scoring systems are required for assessing various clinical conditions. They provide a structured approach for evaluating patient outcomes, assessing risk factors and guiding treatment decisions. They also [...]

Published
2024

37. How to make your Abstract noticeable during submission for paper presentation in a Conference: Points to ponder!!!

Author

Ahuja, Vanita, Theerth, Kaushic, and Garg, Rakesh

Subjects
Conferences and conventions -- Methods, Abstracts -- Methods, Health
Abstract

Author(s): Vanita Ahuja [1]; Kaushic Theerth [2]; Rakesh Garg (corresponding author) [3] Abstract, as a form of publication, cannot be valued lightly. In this fast-moving world, a research paper does [...]

Published
2024
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39. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation in low-resource settings: a statement by the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation, supported by the AFEM, EUSEM, IFEM, and IFRC

Author

Aldakak, Firas, Bhanji, Farhan, Breckwoldt, Jan, Cheng, Adam, Cortegiani, Andrea, Eastwood, Kathryn, Farquharson, Barbara, Finn, Judith, Gómez, Cristian Abelairas, Hsieh, Ming-Ju, Lauridsen, Kasper Glerup, Lockey, Andrew, Nabecker, Sabine, Nation, Kevin, Olaussen, Alexander, Sawyer, Taylor, Yang, Chih-Wei, Yeung, Joyce, Schnaubelt, Sebastian, Garg, Rakesh, Atiq, Huba, Baig, Noor, Bernardino, Marta, Bigham, Blair, Dickson, Samantha, Geduld, Heike, Al-Hilali, Zehra’, Karki, Sanjaya, Lahri, Sa’ad, Maconochie, Ian, Montealegre, Fernando, Tageldin Mustafa, Mahmoud, Niermeyer, Susan, Athieno Odakha, Justine, Perlman, Jeffrey M, Monsieurs, Koenraad G, and Greif, Robert

Published
2023
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47. 2022 International Consensus on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care Science With Treatment Recommendations: Summary From the Basic Life Support; Advanced Life Support; Pediatric Life Support; Neonatal Life Support; Education, Implementation, and Teams; and First Aid Task Forces

Author

Burdick, Madeline C., Cartledge, Susie, Dawson, Jennifer A., Elgohary, Moustafa M., Ersdal, Hege L., Finan, Emer, Flaatten, Hilde I., Flores, Gustavo E., Fuerch, Janene, Garg, Rakesh, Gately, Callum, Goh, Mark, Halamek, Louis P., Handley, Anthony J., Hatanaka, Tetsuo, Hoover, Amber, Issa, Mohmoud, Johnson, Samantha, Kamlin, C. Omar, Ko, Ying-Chih, Kule, Amy, Leone, Tina A., MacKenzie, Ella, Macneil, Finlay, Montgomery, William, O’Dochartaigh, Domhnall, Ohshimo, Shinichiro, Stefano Palazzo, Francesco, Picard, Christopher, Quek, Bin Huey, Raitt, James, Ramaswamy, Viraraghavan V., Scapigliati, Andrea, Shah, Birju A., Stewart, Craig, Strand, Marya L., Szyld, Edgardo, Thio, Marta, Topjian, Alexis A., Udaeta, Enrique, Vaillancourt, Christian, Wetsch, Wolfgang A., Wigginton, Jane, Yamada, Nicole K., Yao, Sarah, Zace, Drieda, Zelop, Carolyn M., Wyckoff, Myra H., Greif, Robert, Morley, Peter T., Ng, Kee-Chong, Olasveengen, Theresa M., Singletary, Eunice M., Soar, Jasmeet, Cheng, Adam, Drennan, Ian R., Liley, Helen G., Scholefield, Barnaby R., Smyth, Michael A., Welsford, Michelle, Zideman, David A., Acworth, Jason, Aickin, Richard, Andersen, Lars W., Atkins, Diane, Berry, David C., Bhanji, Farhan, Bierens, Joost, Borra, Vere, Böttiger, Bernd W., Bradley, Richard N., Bray, Janet E., Breckwoldt, Jan, Callaway, Clifton W., Carlson, Jestin N., Cassan, Pascal, Castrén, Maaret, Chang, Wei-Tien, Charlton, Nathan P., Phil Chung, Sung, Considine, Julie, Costa-Nobre, Daniela T., Couper, Keith, Couto, Thomaz Bittencourt, Dainty, Katie N., Davis, Peter G., de Almeida, Maria Fernanda, de Caen, Allan R., Deakin, Charles D., Djärv, Therese, Donnino, Michael W., Douma, Matthew J., Duff, Jonathan P., Dunne, Cody L., Eastwood, Kathryn, El-Naggar, Walid, Fabres, Jorge G., Fawke, Joe, Finn, Judith, Foglia, Elizabeth E., Folke, Fredrik, Gilfoyle, Elaine, Goolsby, Craig A., Granfeldt, Asger, Guerguerian, Anne-Marie, Guinsburg, Ruth, Hirsch, Karen G., Holmberg, Mathias J., Hosono, Shigeharu, Hsieh, Ming-Ju, Hsu, Cindy H., Ikeyama, Takanari, Isayama, Tetsuya, Johnson, Nicholas J., Kapadia, Vishal S., Kawakami, Mandira Daripa, Kim, Han-Suk, Kleinman, Monica, Kloeck, David A., Kudenchuk, Peter J., Lagina, Anthony T., Lauridsen, Kasper G., Lavonas, Eric J., Lee, Henry C., Lin, Yiqun (Jeffrey), Lockey, Andrew S., Maconochie, Ian K., Madar, R. John, Malta Hansen, Carolina, Masterson, Siobhan, Matsuyama, Tasuku, McKinlay, Christopher J.D., Meyran, Daniel, Morgan, Patrick, Morrison, Laurie J., Nadkarni, Vinay, Nakwa, Firdose L., Nation, Kevin J., Nehme, Ziad, Nemeth, Michael, Neumar, Robert W., Nicholson, Tonia, Nikolaou, Nikolaos, Nishiyama, Chika, Norii, Tatsuya, Nuthall, Gabrielle A., O’Neill, Brian J., Gene Ong, Yong-Kwang, Orkin, Aaron M., Paiva, Edison F., Parr, Michael J., Patocka, Catherine, Pellegrino, Jeffrey L., Perkins, Gavin D., Perlman, Jeffrey M., Rabi, Yacov, Reis, Amelia G., Reynolds, Joshua C., Ristagno, Giuseppe, Rodriguez-Nunez, Antonio, Roehr, Charles C., Rüdiger, Mario, Sakamoto, Tetsuya, Sandroni, Claudio, Sawyer, Taylor L., Schexnayder, Steve M., Schmölzer, Georg M., Schnaubelt, Sebastian, Semeraro, Federico, Skrifvars, Markus B., Smith, Christopher M., Sugiura, Takahiro, Tijssen, Janice A., Trevisanuto, Daniele, Van de Voorde, Patrick, Wang, Tzong-Luen, Weiner, Gary M., Wyllie, Jonathan P., Yang, Chih-Wei, Yeung, Joyce, Nolan, Jerry P., and Berg, Katherine M.

Published
2022
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48. Nebulised/aerosolised drugs in anaesthesiology, critical care and pain practice-benefit with a professional hazard!

Author

Garg, Rakesh

Subjects
Anesthesiology -- Standards, Aerosol therapy -- Standards -- Safety and security measures, Inhaled medication -- Usage -- Standards, Nebulizers and vaporizers -- Usage -- Standards, Health
Abstract

Author(s): Rakesh Garg (corresponding author) [1] The use of nebulised/aerosolised/inhaled drug administration in medical practice is well known for its beneficial effects. Respiratory disease management remains one of the most [...]

Published
2024
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49. Preoperative Investigations: Practice Guidelines from the Indian Society of Anaesthesiologists

Author

Umesh, Goneppanavar, Bhaskar, S. Bala, Harsoor, S. S., Dongare, Pradeep A., Garg, Rakesh, Kannan, Sudheesh, Ali, Zulfiqar, Nair, Abhijit, Bhure, Anjali Rakesh, Grewal, Anju, Singh, Baljit, Rao, Durga Prasad, Divatia, Jigeeshu Vasishtha, Sinha, Mahesh, Kumar, Manoj, Joshi, Muralidhar, Shastri, Naman, Malhotra, Naveen, Saikia, Priyam, MC, Rajesh, Das, Sabyasachi, Ghosh, Santu, M, Subramanyam, Tantry, Thrivikrama, Mangal, Vandana, and Keshavan, Venkatesh H.

Subjects
Trade and professional associations -- Powers and duties, Anesthesiologists -- Practice, Practice guidelines (Medicine) -- Analysis, Health
Abstract

Author(s): Goneppanavar Umesh (corresponding author) [1]; S. Bala Bhaskar [2]; S. S. Harsoor [3]; Pradeep A. Dongare [4]; Rakesh Garg [5]; Sudheesh Kannan [6]; Zulfiqar Ali [7]; Abhijit Nair [8]; [...]

Published
2022
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