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Tests were conducted on the performance of coils based on long length, surface-coated, react-before-wind BSCCO-2212 high temperature conductors for such applications as transformer windings and nuclear magnetic resonance insert magnets. The coils functioned properly under thermal cycling and other tests. Superconductor costs for magnet systems may be reduced by half by using BSCCO-2212 augmented by BSCCO-2223 conductors.

High temperature superconducting coils were proposed for high field nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy systems operating at the 1.0 Ghz level. A model high field insert magnet based on react-and-wind BSCCO-2212 surface coated tape conductors was designed, constructed and tested. Added central fields of 1.08 T and 1.2 T were observed at 4.2 K in a 50 mm clear bore in background fields of 5.5 T and 0 T, respectively.

Intermagnetics has developed high temperature superconducting coils for the Navy's homopolar motor/generator program. Two coil sizes were employed and conductor winding, epoxy impregnation and insulation considerations were evaluated using a series of small test coils. The three react-and-wind type coils produced are surface coated BSCCO-2212, monocore BSCCO-2223 and multifilamentary BSCCO-2223.

There have been no prior reports of the morphology of the caudate lobe of the liver in a Caribbean population. We sought to document the variations in caudate surface anatomy in this population. Two independent investigators observed 56 consecutive cadaveric dissections over a period of five years. Each liver was explanted using a standardized technique. The caudate lobe was observed and standardized measurements were taken using electronic calipers. There were 56 cadavers dissected over the study period. Morphologic anomalies of the caudate lobe were present in 64% of unselected persons in this Caribbean population. These included the presence of a linguiform process (64.3%), absence of a caudate process (28.6%), presence of an inferior caudate notch (21.4%), the presence of a vertical caudate fissure (19.6%) and the presence of a papillary process (10.7%). The caudate fissure co-existed with a caudate notch in 91.6% of our population. Only 36% of persons in this Caribbean population had normal caudate lobe anatomy. These variations carry clinical significance and are of importance to any clinician treating liver diseases in persons of Caribbean extract. This population has the highest prevalence of a linguiform process (64.3%) to be reported in medical literature. It is unclear why the incidence was so high in this Caribbean population, but it is tempting to think that there might be an ethnic predisposition since the majority of cadavers in our study were of Afro-Caribbean ethnicity (91.1%). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Traditional descriptions of liver anatomy refer to a smooth, convex surface contacting the diaphragm. Surface depressions are recognized anatomic variants. There are many theories to explain the cause of the depressions. We discuss the theory that these are caused by hypertrophic muscular bands in the diaphragm., Competing Interests: Conflict-of-interest statement: There are no conflicts of interest to declare for any of the authors., (©The Author(s) 2024. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.)

Background: In traditional descriptions, the upper surface of the liver is smooth and convex, but deep depressions are variants that are present in 5%-40% of patients. We sought to determine the relationship between surface depressions and the diaphragm., Aim: To use exploratory laparoscopy to determine the relationship between surface depressions and the diaphragm., Methods: An observational study was performed in all patients undergoing laparoscopic upper gastro-intestinal operations between January 1, 2023 and January 20, 2024. A thirty-degree laparoscope was used to inspect the liver and diaphragm. When surface depressions were present, we recorded patient demographics, presence of diaphragmatic bands, rib protrusions and/or any other source of compression during inspection., Results: Of 394 patients, 343 had normal surface anatomy, and 51 (12.9%) had prominent surface depressions on the liver. There was no significant relationship between the presence of surface depressions and gender nor the presence of rib projections. However, there was significant association between the presence of surface depressions and diaphragmatic muscular bands ( P < 0.001)., Conclusion: With these data, the diaphragmatic-band theory has gained increased importance over other theories for surface depressions. Further studies are warranted using cross sectional imaging to confirm relationships with intersectional planes as well as beta-catenin assays in the affected liver parenchyma., Competing Interests: Conflict-of-interest statement: All the authors report no relevant conflicts of interest for this article., (©The Author(s) 2024. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.)

Introduction: There have been no previous reports on hepatic surface grooves in an Afro-Caribbean population. This information is important to optimize radiology and hepatobiliary surgical services in the region., Methods: Two investigators independently observed 69 cadaveric dissections performed over five years at the University of the West Indies. Variations in surface anatomy were described., Results: In this Caribbean population the majority of patients had conventional hepatic surface anatomy (88%). However, we found a greater incidence of hepatic surface grooves (12%) than reported in international literature., Conclusion: Abnormal surface anatomy is present in 12% persons in this population. Interventional radiologists and hepatobiliary surgeons practicing in the Caribbean must be cognizant of these differences in order to minimize morbidity during invasive procedures.