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32 results on '"Gardiner, James V."'

5. Prokineticin 2 Is a Hypothalamic Neuropeptide That Potently Inhibits Food Intake

Author

Gardiner, James V., Bataveljic, Attia, Patel, Neekhil A., Bewick, Gavin A., Roy, Debabrata, Campbell, Daniel, Greenwood, Hannah C., Murphy, Kevin G., Hameed, Saira, Jethwa, Preeti H., Ebling, Francis J.P., Vickers, Steven P., Cheetham, Sharon, Ghatei, Mohammad A., Bloom, Stephen R., and Dhillo, Waljit S.

Published
2010

12. Hypothalamic arcuate glucokinase and its downstream pathways are critical in glucose homeostasis

Author

Ratnasabapathy, Risheka, primary, Ma, Yue, additional, Izzi-Engbeaya, Chioma, additional, Nguyen-Tu, Marie-Sophie, additional, Richardson, Errol, additional, Hussain, Sufyan, additional, De, Backer Ivan, additional, Holton, Christopher, additional, Norton, Mariana, additional, Carrat, Gaelle, additional, Schwappach, Blanche, additional, Rutter, Guy A, additional, Dhillo, Waljit S, additional, and Gardiner, James V, additional

Published
2018
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17. Thyroid Hormone Receptor Beta in the Ventromedial Hypothalamus Is Essential for the Physiological Regulation of Food Intake and Body Weight

Author

Hameed, Saira, primary, Patterson, Michael, additional, Dhillo, Waljit S., additional, Rahman, Sofia A., additional, Ma, Yue, additional, Holton, Christopher, additional, Gogakos, Apostolos, additional, Yeo, Giles S.H., additional, Lam, Brian Y.H., additional, Polex-Wolf, Joseph, additional, Fenske, Wiebke, additional, Bell, Jimmy, additional, Anastasovska, Jelena, additional, Samarut, Jacques, additional, Bloom, Stephen R., additional, Bassett, J.H. Duncan, additional, Williams, Graham R., additional, and Gardiner, James V., additional

Published
2017
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20. Characterization and distribution of prolactin releasing peptide (PrRP) binding sites in the rat – evidence for a novel binding site subtype in cardiac and skeletal muscle

Author

Satoh, Fumitoshi, Smith, David M, Gardiner, James V, Mahmoodi, Mehdi, Murphy, Kevin G, Ghatei, Mohammad A, and Bloom, Stephen R

Subjects
Male, Binding Sites, Myocardium, Cell Membrane, Brain, Receptors, Cell Surface, Blotting, Northern, Rats, Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled, Iodine Radioisotopes, Molecular Weight, Papers, Animals, Humans, Cattle, Female, Tissue Distribution, RNA, Messenger, Rats, Wistar, Muscle, Skeletal, Poly A, Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone
Abstract

Prolactin releasing peptide (PrRP) was recently purified from bovine hypothalamus and binds to the orphan receptor, UHR-1. We examined the distribution and kinetics of (125)I-PrRP binding in rat tissues together with molecular characterization by chemical cross-linking and Northern blotting. In this study (125)I-PrRP binding showed specificity and rapid association and dissociation. Specific binding was found in membranes from rat tissues including brain (hypothalamus, medulla oblongata and cerebellum), pituitary, heart, soleus muscle, adipose tissue, kidney, adrenal gland, testis and small intestine. In hypothalamus, pituitary, heart and soleus competition analysis indicated only one class of binding site in each tissue. Binding affinity for PrRP (IC(50)) and binding site density (B(max)) respectively were 5.2+/-0.9 nM and 674+/-97 fmol mg protein(-1) in hypothalamus (n = 5), 1.4+/-0.6 nM and 541+/-126 fmol mg protein(-1) in pituitary (n = 3), 6.6+/-0.7 nM and 628+/-74 fmol mg protein(-1) in heart (n = 4) and 9.8+/-0.9 nM and 677+/-121 fmol mg protein(-1) in soleus muscle (n = 4). Analysis of (125)I-PrRP-binding site complexes by chemical cross-linking showed a binding site M(r) of 69,000 in hypothalamus and 41,000 in heart and soleus. Northern analysis of polyA(+) RNA from hypothalamus showed a 4.2 kb band as expected for UHR-1, but heart and soleus showed a 4.8 kb band. Taken together these results indicate that there may be different subtypes of PrRP binding sites in rat tissues which may differ from UHR-1.

Published
2000

21. Prokineticin 2 Is a Hypothalamic Neuropeptide That Potently Inhibits Food Intake

Author

Gardiner, James V., primary, Bataveljic, Attia, additional, Patel, Neekhil A., additional, Bewick, Gavin A., additional, Roy, Debabrata, additional, Campbell, Daniel, additional, Greenwood, Hannah C., additional, Murphy, Kevin G., additional, Hameed, Saira, additional, Jethwa, Preeti H., additional, Ebling, Francis J.P., additional, Vickers, Steven P., additional, Cheetham, Sharon, additional, Ghatei, Mohammad A., additional, Bloom, Stephen R., additional, and Dhillo, Waljit S., additional

Published
2009
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27. Rat-2 fibroblasts express specific adrenomedullin receptors, but not calcitonin-gene-related-peptide receptors, which mediate increased intracellular cAMP and inhibit mitogen-activated protein kinase activity

Author

COPPOCK, Hedley A., primary, OWJI, Ali A., additional, AUSTIN, Carol, additional, UPTON, Paul D., additional, JACKSON, Mary L., additional, GARDINER, James V., additional, GHATEI, Mohammad A., additional, BLOOM, Stephen R., additional, and SMITH, David M., additional

Published
1999
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29. Post-embryonic ablation of AgRP neurons in mice leads to a lean, hypophagic phenotype.

Author

Bewick, Gavin A., Gardiner, James V., Dhillo, Waljit S., Kent, Aysha S., White, Nicholas E., Webster, Zoe, Ghatei, Mohammad A., and Bloom, Stephen R.

Subjects
*NEUROPEPTIDE Y, *NEUROPEPTIDES, *APPETITE, *BODY weight, *INGESTION
Abstract

Presents research which discussed the post-embryonic ablation of agouti-related protein and neuropeptide Y. Analysis of agouti-related protein neuronal loss; Assessment of the release of hypothalamic neuropeptides involved in appetite regulation; Examination of body weight and food intake in transgenic mice.

Published
2005
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30. Thyroid Hormone Receptor Beta in the Ventromedial Hypothalamus Is Essential for the Physiological Regulation of Food Intake and Body Weight

Author

Hameed, Saira, Patterson, Michael, Dhillo, Waljit S, Rahman, Sofia A, Ma, Yue, Holton, Christopher, Gogakos, Apostolos, Yeo, Giles SH, Lam, Brian YH, Polex-Wolf, Joseph, Fenske, Wiebke, Bell, Jimmy, Anastasovska, Jelena, Samarut, Jacques, Bloom, Stephen R, Bassett, JH Duncan, Williams, Graham R, and Gardiner, James V

Subjects
2. Zero hunger, Male, obesity, food intake, Body Weight, Thyroid Hormone Receptors beta, VMH, thyroid hormone, ventromedial hypothalamus, Eating, Mice, appetite, Ventromedial Hypothalamic Nucleus, energy expenditure, Animals, hypothalamus, thyroid hormone receptor beta
Abstract

The obesity epidemic is a significant global health issue. Improved understanding of the mechanisms that regulate appetite and body weight will provide the rationale for the design of anti-obesity therapies. Thyroid hormones play a key role in metabolic homeostasis through their interaction with thyroid hormone receptors (TRs), which function as ligand-inducible transcription factors. The TR-beta isoform (TRβ) is expressed in the ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH), a brain area important for control of energy homeostasis. Here, we report that selective knockdown of TRβ in the VMH of adult mice results in severe obesity due to hyperphagia and reduced energy expenditure. The observed increase in body weight is of a similar magnitude to murine models of the most extreme forms of monogenic obesity. These data identify TRβ in the VMH as a major physiological regulator of food intake and energy homeostasis.

31. Extracellular pH monitoring for use in closed-loop vagus nerve stimulation.

Author

Cork SC, Eftekhar A, Mirza KB, Zuliani C, Nikolic K, Gardiner JV, Bloom SR, and Toumazou C

Subjects
Animals, Extracellular Fluid chemistry, Iridium chemistry, Male, Microelectrodes, Rats, Rats, Wistar, Vagus Nerve Stimulation instrumentation, Extracellular Fluid physiology, Iridium physiology, Vagus Nerve physiology, Vagus Nerve Stimulation methods
Abstract

Objective: Vagal nerve stimulation (VNS) has shown potential benefits for obesity treatment; however, current devices lack physiological feedback, which limit their efficacy. Changes in extracellular pH (pH e ) have shown to be correlated with neural activity, but have traditionally been measured with glass microelectrodes, which limit their in vivo applicability., Approach: Iridium oxide has previously been shown to be sensitive to fluctuations in pH and is biocompatible. Iridium oxide microelectrodes were inserted into the subdiaphragmatic vagus nerve of anaesthetised rats. Introduction of the gut hormone cholecystokinin (CCK) or distension of the stomach was used to elicit vagal nerve activity., Main Results: Iridium oxide microelectrodes have sufficient pH sensitivity to readily detect changes in pH e associated with both CCK and gastric distension. Furthermore, a custom-made Matlab script was able to use these changes in pH e to automatically trigger an implanted VNS device., Significance: This is the first study to show pH e changes in peripheral nerves in vivo. In addition, the demonstration that iridium oxide microelectrodes are sufficiently pH sensitive as to measure changes in pH e associated with physiological stimuli means they have the potential to be integrated into closed-loop neurostimulating devices.

Published
2018
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32. Insights into the role of neuronal glucokinase.

Author

De Backer I, Hussain SS, Bloom SR, and Gardiner JV

Subjects
Animals, Homeostasis, Humans, Appetite physiology, Brain metabolism, Diabetes Mellitus metabolism, Glucokinase metabolism, Glucose metabolism, Hypoglycemia metabolism, Neurons metabolism, Obesity metabolism
Abstract

Glucokinase is a key component of the neuronal glucose-sensing mechanism and is expressed in brain regions that control a range of homeostatic processes. In this review, we detail recently identified roles for neuronal glucokinase in glucose homeostasis and counterregulatory responses to hypoglycemia and in regulating appetite. We describe clinical implications from these advances in our knowledge, especially for developing novel treatments for diabetes and obesity. Further research required to extend our knowledge and help our efforts to tackle the diabetes and obesity epidemics is suggested., (Copyright © 2016 the American Physiological Society.)

Published
2016
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