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4. Climate, Variability, and Climate Sensitivity of “Middle Atmosphere” Chemistry Configurations of the Community Earth System Model Version 2, Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model Version 6 (CESM2(WACCM6))

Author

Davis, N. A., primary, Visioni, D., additional, Garcia, R. R., additional, Kinnison, D. E., additional, Marsh, D. R., additional, Mills, M., additional, Richter, J. H., additional, Tilmes, S., additional, Bardeen, C. G., additional, Gettelman, A., additional, Glanville, A. A., additional, MacMartin, D. G., additional, Smith, A. K., additional, and Vitt, F., additional

Published
2023
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7. Chemistry–Climate Model Simulations of Twenty-First Century Stratospheric Climate and Circulation Changes

Author

Butchart, Neal, Cionni, I., Eyring, V., Shepherd, T. G., Waugh, D. W., Akiyoshi, H., Austin, J., Brühl, C., Chipperfield, M. P., Cordero, E., Dameris, M., Deckert, R., Dhomse, S., Frith, S. M., Garcia, R. R., Gettelman, A., Giorgetta, M. A., Kinnison, D. E., Li, F., Mancini, E., McLandress, C., Pawson, S., Pitari, G., Plummer, D. A., Rozanov, E., Sassi, F., Scinocca, J. F., Shibata, K., Steil, B., and Tian, W.

Published
2010

11. Eculizumab in refractory generalized myasthenia gravis previously treated with rituximab:subgroup analysis of REGAIN and its extension study

Author

Siddiqi, Z. A., Nowak, R. J., Mozaffar, T., O'Brien, F., Yountz, M., Patti, F., Mazia, C. G., Wilken, M., Barroso, F., Saba, J., Rugiero, M., Bettini, M., Chaves, M., Vidal, G., Garcia, A. D., De Bleecker, J., Van den Abeele, G., de Koning, K., De Mey, K., Mercelis, R., Mahieu, D., Wagemaekers, L., Van Damme, P., Depreitere, A., Schotte, C., Smetcoren, C., Stevens, O., Van Daele, S., Vandenbussche, N., Vanhee, A., Verjans, S., Vynckier, J., D'Hont, A., Tilkin, P., de Siqueira Carvalho, A. A., Brockhausen, I. D., Feder, D., Ambrosio, D., Cesar, P., Melo, A. P., Ribeiro, R. M., Rocha, R., Rosa, B. B., Veiga, T., da Silva, L. A., Engel, M. S., Geraldo, J. G., da Penha Ananias Morita, M., Coelho, E. N., Paiva, G., Pozo, M., Prando, N., Torres, D. D. M., Butinhao, C. F., Duran, G., Fialho, T. A. S., da Silva, T. C. G., Goncalves, L. O. M., Pazetto, L. E., Volpe, L. R. C., Duca, L. S., Friedrich, M. A. G., Guerreiro, A., Mohr, H., Martins, M. P., da Cruz Pacheco, D., Ferreira, L., Macagnan, A. P., Pinto, G., de Cassia Santos, A., Oliveira, A. S. B., de Andrade, A. C. A., Annes, M., Silva, L. D., Lino, V. C., Pinto, W., Assis, N., Carrara, F., Miranda, C., Souza, I., Fernandes, P., Phan, C., Narayan, J., Blackmore, D., Mallon, A., Roderus, R., Watt, E., Vohanka, S., Bednarik, J., Chmelikova, M., Cierny, M., Toncrova, S., Junkerova, J., Kurkova, B., Reguliova, K., Zapletalova, O., Pitha, J., Novakova, I., Tyblova, M., Jurajdova, I., Wolfova, M., Andersen, H., Harbo, T., Vinge, L., Krogh, S., Mogensen, A., Vissing, J., Hojgaard, J., Witting, N., Autzen, A. M. O., Pedersen, J., Eralinna, J. -P., Laaksonen, M., Oksaranta, O., Harrison, T., Eriksson, J., Rozsa, C., Horvath, M., Lovas, G., Matolcsi, J., Szabo, G., Jakab, G., Szabadosne, B., Vecsei, L., Dezsi, L., Varga, E., Konyane, M., Antonini, G., Di Pasquale, A., Garibaldi, M., Morino, S., Troili, F., Fionda, L., Sacca, F., Filla, A., Costabile, T., Marano, E., Fasanaro, A., Marsili, A., Puorro, G., Mantegazza, R., Antozzi, C., Bonanno, S., Camera, G., Locatelli, A., Maggi, L., Pasanisi, M., Campanella, A., Evoli, A., Alboini, P. E., D'Amato, V., Iorio, R., Inghilleri, M., Frasca, V., Giacomelli, E., Gori, M., Lopergolo, D., Onesti, E., Gabriele, M., Uzawa, A., Kanai, T., Kawaguchi, N., Mori, M., Kaneko, Y., Kanzaki, A., Kobayashi, E., Murai, H., Masaki, K., Matsuse, D., Matsushita, T., Uehara, T., Shimpo, M., Jingu, M., Kikutake, K., Nakamura, Y., Sano, Y., Utsugisawa, K., Nagane, Y., Kamegamori, I., Tsuda, T., Fujii, Y., Futono, K., Ozawa, Y., Mizugami, A., Saito, Y., Samukawa, M., Suzuki, H., Morikawa, M., Kamakura, S., Miyawaki, E., Shiraishi, H., Miyazaki, T., Motomura, M., Mukaino, A., Yoshimura, S., Asada, S., Yoshida, S., Amamoto, S., Kobashikawa, T., Koga, M., Maeda, Y., Takada, K., Takada, M., Tsurumaru, M., Yamashita, Y., Suzuki, Y., Akiyama, T., Narikawa, K., Tano, O., Tsukita, K., Kurihara, R., Meguro, F., Fukuda, Y., Sato, M., Okumura, M., Funaka, S., Kawamura, T., Nakamori, M., Takahashi, M., Taichi, N., Hasuike, T., Higuchi, E., Kobayashi, H., Osakada, K., Imai, T., Tsuda, E., Shimohama, S., Hayashi, T., Hisahara, S., Kawamata, J., Murahara, T., Saitoh, M., Suzuki, S., Yamamoto, D., Ishiyama, Y., Ishiyama, N., Noshiro, M., Takeyama, R., Uwasa, K., Yasuda, I., Kim, B. -J., Lee, C. N., Koo, Y. S., Seok, H. Y., Kang, H. N., H. J., Ra, Kim, B. J., Cho, E. B., Choi, M. S., Lee, H. L., Min, J. -H., Seok, J., Lee, J. E., Koh, D. Y., Kwon, J. Y., Park, S. A., Choi, E. H., Hong, Y. -H., Ahn, S. -H., Koo, D. L., Lim, J. -S., Shin, C. W., Hwang, J. Y., Kim, M., Kim, S. M., Jeong, H. -N., Jung, J. W., Kim, Y. -H., Lee, H. S., Shin, H. Y., Hwang, E. B., Shin, M., van der Kooi, A., de Visser, M., Gibson, T., Casasnovas, C., Aguilo, M. A. A., Homedes-Pedret, C., Palacios, N. J., Porras, L. D., Santamaria, V. V., Lazaro, A., Tejedor, E. D., Salcedo, P. G., Fernandez-Fournier, M., Ruiz, P. L., de Rivera, F. J. R., Sastre, M., Carbonell, J. G., Sune, P., Figueras, M. S., Gili, G., Mazuela, G., Illa, I., Vicente, E. C., Diaz-Manera, J., Gutierrez, L. A. Q., Garcia, R. R., Vidal, N., Arribas-Ibar, E., Piehl, F., Hietala, A., Bjarbo, L., Sengun, I., Meherremova, A., Ozcelik, P., Balkan, B., Tuga, C., Ugur, M., Erdem-Ozdamar, S., Bekircan-Kurt, C. E., Acar, N. P., Yilmaz, E., Caliskan, Y., Orsel, G., Efendi, H., Aydinlik, S., Cavus, H., Kutlu, A., Becerikli, G., Semiz, C., Tun, O., Terzi, M., Dogan, B., Onar, M. K., Sen, S., Cavdar, T. K., Veske, A., Norwood, F., Dimitriou, A., Gollogly, J., Mahdi-Rogers, M., Seddigh, A., Sokratous, G., Maier, G., Sohail, F., Jacob, S., Sadalage, G., Torane, P., Brown, C., Shah, A., Sathasivam, S., Arndt, H., Davies, D., Watling, D., Amato, A., Cochrane, T., Salajegheh, M., Roe, K., Amato, K., Toska, S., Wolfe, G., Silvestri, N., Patrick, K., Zakalik, K., Katz, J., Miller, R., Engel, M., Forshew, D., Bravver, E., Brooks, B., Sanjak, M., Plevka, S., Burdette, M., Cunningham, S., Kramer, M., Nemeth, J., Schommer, C., Scott, T., Juel, V., Guptill, J., Hobson-Webb, L., Massey, J., Beck, K., Carnes, D., Loor, J., Anderson, A., Pascuzzi, R., Bodkin, C., Kincaid, J., Snook, R., Guingrich, S., Micheels, A., Chaudhry, V., Corse, A., Mosmiller, B., Kelley, A., Ho, D., Srinivasan, J., Vytopil, M., Jara, J., Ventura, N., Carter, C., Donahue, C., Herbert, C., Scala, S., Weiner, E., Alam, S., Mckinnon, J., Haar, L., Mckinnon, N., Alcon, K., Mckenna, K., Sattar, N., Daniels, K., Jeffery, D., Freimer, M., Hoyle, J. C., Kissel, J., Agriesti, J., Chelnick, S., Mezache, L., Pineda, C., Muharrem, F., Karam, C., Khoury, J., Marburger, T., Kaur, H., Dimitrova, D., Gilchrist, J., Agrawal, B., Elsayed, M., Kohlrus, S., Ardoin, A., Darnell, T., Golden, L., Lokaitis, B., Seelbach, J., Muppidi, S., Goyal, N., Sakamuri, S., Y. T., So, Paulose, S., Pol, S., Welsh, L., Bhavaraju-Sanka, R., Gonzalez, A. T., Dishman, L., Jones, F., Gonzalez, A., Padilla, P., Saklad, A., Silva, M., Nations, S., Trivedi, J., Hopkins, S., Kazamel, M., Alsharabati, M., Lu, L., Nozaki, K., Mumfrey-Thomas, S., Woodall, A., Cash, T., Roy, G., Mathew, V., Maqsood, F., Minton, B., Jones, H. J., Rosenfeld, J., Garcia, R., Echevarria, L., Garcia, S., Pulley, M., Aranke, S., Berger, A. R., Shah, J., Shabbir, Y., Smith, L., Varghese, M., Gutmann, L., Jerath, N., Nance, C., Swenson, A., Olalde, H., Kressin, N., Sieren, J., Barohn, R., Dimachkie, M., Glenn, M., Mcvey, A., Pasnoor, M., Statland, J., Wang, Y., Liu, T., Emmons, K., Jenci, N., Locheke, J., Fondaw, A., Johns, K., Rico, G., Walsh, M., Herbelin, L., Hafer-Macko, C., Kwan, J., Zilliox, L., Callison, K., Young, V., Disanzo, B., Naunton, K., Benatar, M., Bilsker, M., Sharma, K., Cooley, A., Reyes, E., Michon, S. -C., Sheldon, D., Steele, J., Howard, J., Traub, R., Chopra, M., Vu, T., Katzin, L., Mcclain, T., Harvey, B., Hart, A., Huynh, K., Beydoun, S., Chilingaryan, A., Doan, V., Droker, B., Gong, H., Karimi, S., Lin, F., Polaka, K., Tran, A., Akhter, S., Malekniazi, A., Tandan, R., Hehir, M., Waheed, W., Lucy, S., Weiss, M., Distad, J., Strom, S., Downing, S., Kim, B., Bertorini, T., Arnold, T., Henderson, K., Pillai, R., Liu, Y., Wheeler, L., Hewlett, J., Vanderhook, M., Dicapua, D., Keung, B., Kumar, A., Patwa, H., Robeson, K., Yang, I., Nye, J., Vu, H., Neurology, ANS - Neuroinfection & -inflammation, and EURO-NMD

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Physiology, Population, Subgroup analysis, Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized, Placebo, Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, rituximab, Refractory, immune system diseases, Physiology (medical), Internal medicine, Activities of Daily Living, medicine, Humans, education, education.field_of_study, myasthenia gravis, acetylcholine receptor, business.industry, Eculizumab, medicine.disease, Confidence interval, Myasthenia gravis, refractory, Rituximab, eculizumab, Neurology (clinical), business, medicine.drug
Abstract

Introduction/Aims: Individuals with refractory generalized myasthenia gravis (gMG) who have a history of rituximab use and experience persistent symptoms represent a population with unmet treatment needs. The aim of this analysis was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of eculizumab in patients with refractory anti-acetylcholine receptor antibody-positive (AChR+) gMG previously treated with rituximab. Methods: This post hoc subgroup analysis of the phase 3 REGAIN study (NCT01997229) and its open-label extension (OLE; NCT02301624) compared baseline characteristics, safety, and response to eculizumab in participants who had previously received rituximab with those who had not. Rituximab use was not permitted within the 6 months before screening or during REGAIN/OLE. Results: Of 125 REGAIN participants, 14 had received rituximab previously (7 received placebo and 7 received eculizumab). In the previous-rituximab group, 57% had used at least four other immunosuppressants compared with 16% in the no-previous-rituximab group. Myasthenia Gravis Activities of Daily Living total scores from eculizumab baseline to week 130 of eculizumab treatment improved in both the previous-rituximab and no-previous-rituximab groups (least-squares mean −4.4, standard error of the mean [SEM] 1.0 [n = 9] and least-squares mean −4.6, SEM 0.3 [n = 67], respectively; difference = 0.2, 95% confidence interval −1.88 to 2.22). In addition, in both groups, most patients who were treated with eculizumab for 130 weeks achieved a Myasthenia Gravis Foundation of America post-intervention status of minimal manifestations (66.7% and 65.0%, respectively). The eculizumab safety profile was similar between groups and consistent with its established profile. Discussion: Eculizumab is an effective therapy for patients with refractory AChR+ gMG, irrespective of whether they had received rituximab treatment previously.

Published
2021

12. Evaluation of the Quasi‐Biennial Oscillation in global climate models for the SPARC QBO‐initiative.

Author

Bushell, A. C., Anstey, J. A., Butchart, N., Kawatani, Y., Osprey, S. M., Richter, J. H., Serva, F., Braesicke, P., Cagnazzo, C., Chen, C.‐C., Chun, H.‐Y., Garcia, R. R., Gray, L. J., Hamilton, K., Kerzenmacher, T., Kim, Y.‐H., Lott, F., McLandress, C., Naoe, H., and Scinocca, J.

Subjects
QUASI-biennial oscillation (Meteorology), ATMOSPHERIC models, GENERAL circulation model, OCEAN temperature, GRAVITY waves, OSCILLATIONS
Abstract

Quasi‐biennial oscillations (QBOs) in thirteen atmospheric general circulation models forced with both observed and annually repeating sea surface temperatures (SSTs) are evaluated. In most models the QBO period is close to, but shorter than, the observed period of 28 months. Amplitudes are within ±20% of the observed QBO amplitude at 10 hPa, but typically about half of that observed at lower altitudes (50 and 70 hPa). For almost all models, the oscillation's amplitude profile shows an overall upward shift compared to reanalysis and its meridional extent is too narrow. Asymmetry in the duration of eastward and westward phases is reasonably well captured, though not all models replicate the observed slowing of the descending westward shear. Westward phases are generally too weak, and most models have an eastward time mean wind bias throughout the depth of the QBO. The intercycle period variability is realistic and in some models is enhanced in the experiment with observed SSTs compared to the experiment with repeated annual cycle SSTs. Mean periods are also sensitive to this difference between SSTs, but only when parametrized non‐orographic gravity wave (NOGW) sources are coupled to tropospheric parameters and not prescribed with a fixed value. Overall, however, modelled QBOs are very similar whether or not the prescribed SSTs vary interannually. A portrait of the overall ensemble performance is provided by a normalized grading of QBO metrics. To simulate a QBO, all but one model used parametrized NOGWs, which provided the majority of the total wave forcing at altitudes above 70 hPa in most models. Hence the representation of NOGWs either explicitly or through parametrization is still a major uncertainty underlying QBO simulation in these present‐day experiments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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13. The equatorial stratospheric semiannual oscillation and time‐mean winds in QBOi models.

Author

Smith, A. K., Holt, L. A., Garcia, R. R., Anstey, J. A., Serva, F., Butchart, N., Osprey, S., Bushell, A. C., Kawatani, Y., Kim, Y.‐H., Lott, F., Braesicke, P., Cagnazzo, C., Chen, C.‐C., Chun, H.‐Y., Gray, L., Kerzenmacher, T., Naoe, H., Richter, J., and Versick, S.

Subjects
QUASI-biennial oscillation (Meteorology), ZONAL winds, OCEAN waves, ATMOSPHERIC models, OSCILLATIONS, GRAVITY waves
Abstract

The Quasi‐Biennial Oscillation initiative (QBOi) is a model intercomparison programme that specifically targets simulation of the QBO in current global climate models. Eleven of the models or model versions that participated in a QBOi intercomparison study have upper boundaries in or above the mesosphere and therefore simulate the region where the stratopause semiannual oscillation (SAO) is the dominant mode of variability of zonal winds in the tropical upper stratosphere. Comparisons of the SAO simulations in these models are presented here. These show that the model simulations of the amplitudes and phases of the SAO in zonal‐mean zonal wind near the stratopause agree well with the information derived from available observations. However, most of the models simulate time‐average zonal winds that are more westward than determined from observations, in some cases by several tens of m·s–1. Validation of wave activity in the models is hampered by the limited observations of tropical waves in the upper stratosphere but suggests a deficit of eastward forcing either by large‐scale waves, such as Kelvin waves, or by gravity waves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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14. Evaluation of the Quasi‐Biennial Oscillation in global climate models for the SPARC QBO‐initiative

Author

Bushell, A. C., primary, Anstey, J. A., additional, Butchart, N., additional, Kawatani, Y., additional, Osprey, S. M., additional, Richter, J. H., additional, Serva, F., additional, Braesicke, P., additional, Cagnazzo, C., additional, Chen, C.‐C., additional, Chun, H.‐Y., additional, Garcia, R. R., additional, Gray, L. J., additional, Hamilton, K., additional, Kerzenmacher, T., additional, Kim, Y.‐H., additional, Lott, F., additional, McLandress, C., additional, Naoe, H., additional, Scinocca, J., additional, Smith, A. K., additional, Stockdale, T. N., additional, Versick, S., additional, Watanabe, S., additional, Yoshida, K., additional, and Yukimoto, S., additional

Published
2020
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15. The equatorial stratospheric semiannual oscillation and time‐mean winds in QBOi models

Author

Smith, A. K., primary, Holt, L. A., additional, Garcia, R. R., additional, Anstey, J. A., additional, Serva, F., additional, Butchart, N., additional, Osprey, S., additional, Bushell, A. C., additional, Kawatani, Y., additional, Kim, Y.‐H., additional, Lott, F., additional, Braesicke, P., additional, Cagnazzo, C., additional, Chen, C.‐C., additional, Chun, H.‐Y., additional, Gray, L., additional, Kerzenmacher, T., additional, Naoe, H., additional, Richter, J., additional, Versick, S., additional, Schenzinger, V., additional, Watanabe, S., additional, and Yoshida, K., additional

Published
2020
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17. The Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model Version 6 (WACCM6)

Author

Gettelman, A., primary, Mills, M. J., additional, Kinnison, D. E., additional, Garcia, R. R., additional, Smith, A. K., additional, Marsh, D. R., additional, Tilmes, S., additional, Vitt, F., additional, Bardeen, C. G., additional, McInerny, J., additional, Liu, H.‐L., additional, Solomon, S. C., additional, Polvani, L. M., additional, Emmons, L. K., additional, Lamarque, J.‐F., additional, Richter, J. H., additional, Glanville, A. S., additional, Bacmeister, J. T., additional, Phillips, A. S., additional, Neale, R. B., additional, Simpson, I. R., additional, DuVivier, A. K., additional, Hodzic, A., additional, and Randel, W. J., additional

Published
2019
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18. Long-Term Atmospheric Changes Caused by the Very Large Solar Proton Event in July 2000

Author

Jackman, C. H, Marsh, D. R, Garcia, R. R, Vitt, F. M, Randall, C. E, Fleming, F. L, and Labow, G. J

Subjects
Meteorology And Climatology
Abstract

Solar cycle 23 was accompanied by eight very large solar proton events (SPEs) between 2000 and 2005, along with numerous smaller events. The very large SPE in July 2000, which was associated with the well-known 'Bastille Day Solar Storm,' caused very substantial changes in the polar mesosphere and stratosphere. Significant downward transport of the SPE-produced NO(x) from the polar lower mesosphere and upper stratosphere during the Southern Hemisphere winter period resulted in huge enhancements (>100%) in middle stratospheric NO(x) (NO+NO2) during September 2000 in the polar vortex, which were measured by UARS HALOE (C. E. Randall et al., Geophys. Res. Lett., 28,2385-2388,2001). We have used the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model (WACCM) to study the longer-term impact of the July 2000 SPE, the third largest SPE period in the past 40 years. This very large SPE provided a wonderful opportunity to study the downward transport of energetic particle precipitation effects in the middle atmosphere. Not surprisingly, the WACCM-simulated polar Northern Hemisphere influences from the July (mid-summer) 2000 SPE were significant for a few months, but the constituent changes were not transported below about 20 hPa. However in the polar Southern Hemisphere (SH) region, the persistent downward transport in the vortex during the months of July-August-September resulted in significant modeled influences for about a year past the SPE. The SH odd nitrogen family, NO(y) (N, NO, NO2, NO3, N2O5, HNO3, HO2NO2, ClONO2, BrONO2), was greatly enhanced by this SPE and these increases were transported to the lower stratosphere. The SPE-enhanced polar NO(y) resulted in long-lasting ozone decreases (from catalytic NO(y) destruction of ozone) and ozone increases (from NO(y) interference in the chlorine and bromine catalytic ozone destruction cycles). These ozone changes resulted in simulated SH polar stratospheric temperature decreases (1-2 K) and increases (1-3 K)..

Published
2007

19. MAGIC and Fermi-LAT gamma-ray results on unassociated HAWC sources

Author

Ahnen, M. L. (M. L.), Ansoldi, S. (S.), Antonelli, L. A. (L. A.), Arcaro, C. (C.), Baack, D. (D.), Babic, A. (A.), Banerjee, B. (B.), Bangale, P. (P.), Barres de Almeida, U. (U.), Barrio, J. A. (J. A.), Becerra Gonzalez, J. (J.), Bednarek, W. (W.), Bernardini, E. (E.), Berse, R. C. (R. Ch.), Berti, A. (A.), Bhattacharyya, W. (W.), Biland, A. (A.), Blanch, O. (O.), Bonnoli, G. (G.), Carosi, R. (R.), Carosi, A. (A.), Ceribella, G. (G.), Chatterjee, A. (A.), Colak, S. M. (S. M.), Colin, P. (P.), Colombo, E. (E.), Contreras, J. L. (J. L.), Cortina, J. (J.), Covino, S. (S.), Cumani, P. (P.), Da Vela, P. (P.), Dazzi, F. (F.), De Angelis, A. (A.), De Lotto, B. (B.), Delfino, M. (M.), Delgado, J. (J.), Di Pierro, F. (F.), Dominguez, A. (A.), Prester, D. D. (D. Dominis), Dorner, D. (D.), Doro, M. (M.), Einecke, S. (S.), Elsaesser, D. (D.), Ramazani, V. F. (V. Fallah), Fernandez-Barra, A. (A.), Fidalgo, D. (D.), Fonseca, M. V. (M. V.), Font, L. (L.), Fruck, C. (C.), Galindo, D. (D.), Garcia Lopez, R. J. (R. J.), Garczarczyk, M. (M.), Gaug, M. (M.), Giammaria, P. (P.), Godinovic, N. (N.), Gora, D. (D.), Guberman, D. (D.), Hadasch, D. (D.), Hahn, A. (A.), Hassan, T. (T.), Hayashida, M. (M.), Herrera, J. (J.), Hose, J. (J.), Hrupec, D. (D.), Ishio, K. (K.), Konno, Y. (Y.), Kubo, H. (H.), Kushida, J. (J.), Kuvezdic, D. (D.), Lelas, D. (D.), Lindfors, E. (E.), Lombardi, S. (S.), Longo, F. (F.), Lopez, M. (M.), Maggio, C. (C.), Majumdar, P. (P.), Makariev, M. (M.), Maneva, G. (G.), Manganaro, M. (M.), Mannheim, K. (K.), Maraschi, L. (L.), Mariotti, M. (M.), Martinez, M. (M.), Masuda, S. (S.), Mazin, D. (D.), Mielke, K. (K.), Minev, M. (M.), Miranda, J. M. (J. M.), Mirzoyan, R. (R.), Moralejo, A. (A.), Moreno, V. (V.), Moretti, E. (E.), Nagayoshi, T. (T.), Neustroev, V. (V.), Niedzwiecki, A. (A.), Nievas Rosillo, M. (M.), Nigro, C. (C.), Nilsson, K. (K.), Ninci, D. (D.), Nishijima, K. (K.), Noda, K. (K.), Nogues, L. (L.), Paiano, S. (S.), Palacio, J. (J.), Paneque, D. (D.), Paoletti, R. (R.), Paredes, J. M. (J. M.), Pedaletti, G. (G.), Peresano, M. (M.), Persic, M. (M.), Moroni, P. G. (P. G. Prada), F'randini, E. (E.), Puljak, I. (I.), Garcia, J. R. (J. R.), Reichardt, I. (I.), Rhode, W. (W.), Ribo, M. (M.), Rico, J. (J.), Righi, C. (C.), Rugliancich, A. (A.), Saito, T. (T.), Satalecka, K. (K.), Schweizer, T. (T.), Sitarek, J. (J.), Snidaric, I. (I.), Sobczynska, D. (D.), Stamerra, A. (A.), Strzys, M. (M.), Suric, T. (T.), Takahashi, M. (M.), Takalo, L. (L.), Tavecchio, F. (F.), Temnikov, P. (P.), Terzic, T. (T.), Teshima, M. (M.), Torres-Alba, N. (N.), Treves, A. (A.), Tsujimoto, S. (S.), Vanzo, G. (G.), Vazquez Acosta, M. (M.), Vovk, I. (I.), Ward, J. E. (J. E.), Will, M. (M.), Zaric, D. (D.), Albert, A. (A.), Alfaro, R. (R.), Alvarez, C. (C.), Arceo, R. (R.), Arteaga-Velazquez, J. C. (J. C.), Avila Rojas, D. (D.), Solares, H. A. (H. A. Ayala), Becerri, A. (A.), Behnont-Moreno, E. (E.), BenZvi, S. Y. (S. Y.), Berna, A. (A.), Braun, J. (J.), Caballero-Mora, K. S. (K. S.), Capistran, T. (T.), Carraminana, A. (A.), Casanova, S. (S.), Castillo, M. (M.), Cotti, U. (U.), Cotzomi, J. (J.), Coutino de Leon, S. (S.), De Leon, C. (C.), De la Fuente, E. (E.), Diaz Hernandez, R. (R.), Dichiara, S. (S.), Dingus, B. L. (B. L.), DuVernois, M. A. (M. A.), Diaz-Velez, J. C. (J. C.), Ellsworth, R. W. (R. W.), Engel, K. (K.), Enriquez-Rivera, O. (O.), Fiorino, D. W. (D. W.), Fleischhack, H. (H.), Fraija, N. (N.), Garcia-Gonzalez, J. A. (J. A.), Garfias, F. (F.), Gonzalez-Munoz, A. (A.), Gonzalez, M. M. (M. M.), Goodman, J. A. (J. A.), Hampel-Arias, Z. (Z.), Harding, J. P. (J. P.), Hernandez, S. (S.), Hueyotl-Zahuantitla, F. (F.), Hui, C. M. (C. M.), Huntemeyer, P. (P.), Iriarte, A. (A.), Jardin-Blicq, A. (A.), Joshi, V. (V.), Kaufmann, S. (S.), Lara, A. (A.), Lauer, R. J. (R. J.), Lee, W. H. (W. H.), Lennarz, D. (D.), Leon Vargas, H. (H.), Linnemann, J. T. (J. T.), Longinotti, A. L. (A. L.), Luis-Raya, G. (G.), Luna-Garcia, R. (R.), Lopez-Coto, R. (R.), Malone, K. (K.), Marinelli, S. S. (S. S.), Martinez, O. (O.), Martinez-Castellanos, I. (I.), Martinez-Castro, J. (J.), Martinez-Huerta, H. (H.), Matthews, J. A. (J. A.), Miranda-Romagnoli, P. (P.), Moreno, E. (E.), Mostafa, M. (M.), Nayerhoda, A. (A.), Nellen, L. (L.), Newbold, M. (M.), Nisa, M. U. (M. U.), Noriega-Papaqui, R. (R.), Pelayo, R. (R.), Pretz, J. (J.), Perez-Perez, E. G. (E. G.), Ren, Z. (Z.), Rho, C. D. (C. D.), Riviere, C. (C.), Rosa-Gonzalez, D. (D.), Rosenberg, M. (M.), Ruiz-Velasco, E. (E.), Greus, F. S. (F. Salesa), Sandoval, A. (A.), Schneider, M. (M.), Arroyo, M. S. (M. Seglar), Sinnis, G. (G.), Smith, A. J. (A. J.), Springer, R. W. (R. W.), Surajbali, P. (P.), Taboada, I. (I.), Tibolla, O. (O.), Tollefson, K. (K.), Torres, I. (I.), Ukwatta, T. N. (T. N.), Vianello, G. (G.), Villasenor, L. (L.), Werner, F. (F.), Westerhoff, S. (S.), Wood, J. (J.), Yapici, T. (T.), Yodh, G. (G.), Zepeda, A. (A.), Zhou, H. (H.), Alvarez, J. D. (J. D.), Ajello, M. (M.), Baldini, L. (L.), Barbiellini, G. (G.), Berenji, B. (B.), Bissaldi, E. (E.), Blandford, R. D. (R. D.), Bonino, R. (R.), Bottacini, E. (E.), Brandt, T. J. (T. J.), Bregeon, J. (J.), Brue, P. (P.), Cameron, R. A. (R. A.), Caputo, R. (R.), Caraveo, P. A. (P. A.), Castro, D. (D.), Cavazzuti, E. (E.), Chiaro, G. (G.), Ciprini, S. (S.), Costantin, D. (D.), D'Ammando, F. (F.), de Palma, F. (F.), Desai, A. (A.), Di Lalla, N. (N.), Di Mauro, M. (M.), Di Venere, L. (L.), Favuzzi, C. (C.), Fukazawa, Y. (Y.), Funk, S. (S.), Fusco, P. (P.), Gargano, F. (F.), Gasparrini, D. (D.), Giglietto, N. (N.), Giordano, F. (F.), Giroletti, M. (M.), Glanzman, T. (T.), Green, D. (D.), Grenier, I. A. (I. A.), Guiriec, S. (S.), Harding, A. K. (A. K.), Hays, E. (E.), Hewitt, J. W. (J. W.), Horan, D. (D.), Johannesson, G. (G.), Kuss, M. (M.), Larsson, S. (S.), Liodakis, i. (i), Loparco, F. (F.), Lubrano, P. (P.), Magill, J. D. (J. D.), Maldera, S. (S.), Manfreda, A. (A.), Mazziotta, M. N. (M. N.), Mereu, I. (I.), Michelson, R. F. (R. F.), Mizuno, T. (T.), Monzani, M. E. (M. E.), Morselli, A. (A.), Moskalenko, I. V. (I. V.), Negro, M. (M.), Nuss, E. (E.), Omodei, N. (N.), Orienti, M. (M.), Orlando, E. (E.), Ormes, J. F. (J. F.), Palatiello, M. (M.), Paliya, V. S. (V. S.), Pesce-Rollins, M. (M.), Petrosian, V. (V.), Piron, F. (F.), Porter, T. A. (T. A.), Principe, G. (G.), Raino, S. (S.), Rani, B. (B.), Razzano, M. (M.), Razzaque, S. (S.), Reimer, A. (A.), Reimer, O. (O.), Sgro, C. (C.), Siskind, E. J. (E. J.), Spandre, G. (G.), Spinelli, P. (P.), Tajima, H. (H.), Thayer, J. B. (J. B.), Thompson, D. J. (D. J.), Torres, D. F. (D. F.), Torresi, E. (E.), Troja, E. (E.), Valverde, J. (J.), Wood, K. (K.), Yassine, M. (M.), Ahnen, M. L. (M. L.), Ansoldi, S. (S.), Antonelli, L. A. (L. A.), Arcaro, C. (C.), Baack, D. (D.), Babic, A. (A.), Banerjee, B. (B.), Bangale, P. (P.), Barres de Almeida, U. (U.), Barrio, J. A. (J. A.), Becerra Gonzalez, J. (J.), Bednarek, W. (W.), Bernardini, E. (E.), Berse, R. C. (R. Ch.), Berti, A. (A.), Bhattacharyya, W. (W.), Biland, A. (A.), Blanch, O. (O.), Bonnoli, G. (G.), Carosi, R. (R.), Carosi, A. (A.), Ceribella, G. (G.), Chatterjee, A. (A.), Colak, S. M. (S. M.), Colin, P. (P.), Colombo, E. (E.), Contreras, J. L. (J. L.), Cortina, J. (J.), Covino, S. (S.), Cumani, P. (P.), Da Vela, P. (P.), Dazzi, F. (F.), De Angelis, A. (A.), De Lotto, B. (B.), Delfino, M. (M.), Delgado, J. (J.), Di Pierro, F. (F.), Dominguez, A. (A.), Prester, D. D. (D. Dominis), Dorner, D. (D.), Doro, M. (M.), Einecke, S. (S.), Elsaesser, D. (D.), Ramazani, V. F. (V. Fallah), Fernandez-Barra, A. (A.), Fidalgo, D. (D.), Fonseca, M. V. (M. V.), Font, L. (L.), Fruck, C. (C.), Galindo, D. (D.), Garcia Lopez, R. J. (R. J.), Garczarczyk, M. (M.), Gaug, M. (M.), Giammaria, P. (P.), Godinovic, N. (N.), Gora, D. (D.), Guberman, D. (D.), Hadasch, D. (D.), Hahn, A. (A.), Hassan, T. (T.), Hayashida, M. (M.), Herrera, J. (J.), Hose, J. (J.), Hrupec, D. (D.), Ishio, K. (K.), Konno, Y. (Y.), Kubo, H. (H.), Kushida, J. (J.), Kuvezdic, D. (D.), Lelas, D. (D.), Lindfors, E. (E.), Lombardi, S. (S.), Longo, F. (F.), Lopez, M. (M.), Maggio, C. (C.), Majumdar, P. (P.), Makariev, M. (M.), Maneva, G. (G.), Manganaro, M. (M.), Mannheim, K. (K.), Maraschi, L. (L.), Mariotti, M. (M.), Martinez, M. (M.), Masuda, S. (S.), Mazin, D. (D.), Mielke, K. (K.), Minev, M. (M.), Miranda, J. M. (J. M.), Mirzoyan, R. (R.), Moralejo, A. (A.), Moreno, V. (V.), Moretti, E. (E.), Nagayoshi, T. (T.), Neustroev, V. (V.), Niedzwiecki, A. (A.), Nievas Rosillo, M. (M.), Nigro, C. (C.), Nilsson, K. (K.), Ninci, D. (D.), Nishijima, K. (K.), Noda, K. (K.), Nogues, L. (L.), Paiano, S. (S.), Palacio, J. (J.), Paneque, D. (D.), Paoletti, R. (R.), Paredes, J. M. (J. M.), Pedaletti, G. (G.), Peresano, M. (M.), Persic, M. (M.), Moroni, P. G. (P. G. Prada), F'randini, E. (E.), Puljak, I. (I.), Garcia, J. R. (J. R.), Reichardt, I. (I.), Rhode, W. (W.), Ribo, M. (M.), Rico, J. (J.), Righi, C. (C.), Rugliancich, A. (A.), Saito, T. (T.), Satalecka, K. (K.), Schweizer, T. (T.), Sitarek, J. (J.), Snidaric, I. (I.), Sobczynska, D. (D.), Stamerra, A. (A.), Strzys, M. (M.), Suric, T. (T.), Takahashi, M. (M.), Takalo, L. (L.), Tavecchio, F. (F.), Temnikov, P. (P.), Terzic, T. (T.), Teshima, M. (M.), Torres-Alba, N. (N.), Treves, A. (A.), Tsujimoto, S. (S.), Vanzo, G. (G.), Vazquez Acosta, M. (M.), Vovk, I. (I.), Ward, J. E. (J. E.), Will, M. (M.), Zaric, D. (D.), Albert, A. (A.), Alfaro, R. (R.), Alvarez, C. (C.), Arceo, R. (R.), Arteaga-Velazquez, J. C. (J. C.), Avila Rojas, D. (D.), Solares, H. A. (H. A. Ayala), Becerri, A. (A.), Behnont-Moreno, E. (E.), BenZvi, S. Y. (S. Y.), Berna, A. (A.), Braun, J. (J.), Caballero-Mora, K. S. (K. S.), Capistran, T. (T.), Carraminana, A. (A.), Casanova, S. (S.), Castillo, M. (M.), Cotti, U. (U.), Cotzomi, J. (J.), Coutino de Leon, S. (S.), De Leon, C. (C.), De la Fuente, E. (E.), Diaz Hernandez, R. (R.), Dichiara, S. (S.), Dingus, B. L. (B. L.), DuVernois, M. A. (M. A.), Diaz-Velez, J. C. (J. C.), Ellsworth, R. W. (R. W.), Engel, K. (K.), Enriquez-Rivera, O. (O.), Fiorino, D. W. (D. W.), Fleischhack, H. (H.), Fraija, N. (N.), Garcia-Gonzalez, J. A. (J. A.), Garfias, F. (F.), Gonzalez-Munoz, A. (A.), Gonzalez, M. M. (M. M.), Goodman, J. A. (J. A.), Hampel-Arias, Z. (Z.), Harding, J. P. (J. P.), Hernandez, S. (S.), Hueyotl-Zahuantitla, F. (F.), Hui, C. M. (C. M.), Huntemeyer, P. (P.), Iriarte, A. (A.), Jardin-Blicq, A. (A.), Joshi, V. (V.), Kaufmann, S. (S.), Lara, A. (A.), Lauer, R. J. (R. J.), Lee, W. H. (W. H.), Lennarz, D. (D.), Leon Vargas, H. (H.), Linnemann, J. T. (J. T.), Longinotti, A. L. (A. L.), Luis-Raya, G. (G.), Luna-Garcia, R. (R.), Lopez-Coto, R. (R.), Malone, K. (K.), Marinelli, S. S. (S. S.), Martinez, O. (O.), Martinez-Castellanos, I. (I.), Martinez-Castro, J. (J.), Martinez-Huerta, H. (H.), Matthews, J. A. (J. A.), Miranda-Romagnoli, P. (P.), Moreno, E. (E.), Mostafa, M. (M.), Nayerhoda, A. (A.), Nellen, L. (L.), Newbold, M. (M.), Nisa, M. U. (M. U.), Noriega-Papaqui, R. (R.), Pelayo, R. (R.), Pretz, J. (J.), Perez-Perez, E. G. (E. G.), Ren, Z. (Z.), Rho, C. D. (C. D.), Riviere, C. (C.), Rosa-Gonzalez, D. (D.), Rosenberg, M. (M.), Ruiz-Velasco, E. (E.), Greus, F. S. (F. Salesa), Sandoval, A. (A.), Schneider, M. (M.), Arroyo, M. S. (M. Seglar), Sinnis, G. (G.), Smith, A. J. (A. J.), Springer, R. W. (R. W.), Surajbali, P. (P.), Taboada, I. (I.), Tibolla, O. (O.), Tollefson, K. (K.), Torres, I. (I.), Ukwatta, T. N. (T. N.), Vianello, G. (G.), Villasenor, L. (L.), Werner, F. (F.), Westerhoff, S. (S.), Wood, J. (J.), Yapici, T. (T.), Yodh, G. (G.), Zepeda, A. (A.), Zhou, H. (H.), Alvarez, J. D. (J. D.), Ajello, M. (M.), Baldini, L. (L.), Barbiellini, G. (G.), Berenji, B. (B.), Bissaldi, E. (E.), Blandford, R. D. (R. D.), Bonino, R. (R.), Bottacini, E. (E.), Brandt, T. J. (T. J.), Bregeon, J. (J.), Brue, P. (P.), Cameron, R. A. (R. A.), Caputo, R. (R.), Caraveo, P. A. (P. A.), Castro, D. (D.), Cavazzuti, E. (E.), Chiaro, G. (G.), Ciprini, S. (S.), Costantin, D. (D.), D'Ammando, F. (F.), de Palma, F. (F.), Desai, A. (A.), Di Lalla, N. (N.), Di Mauro, M. (M.), Di Venere, L. (L.), Favuzzi, C. (C.), Fukazawa, Y. (Y.), Funk, S. (S.), Fusco, P. (P.), Gargano, F. (F.), Gasparrini, D. (D.), Giglietto, N. (N.), Giordano, F. (F.), Giroletti, M. (M.), Glanzman, T. (T.), Green, D. (D.), Grenier, I. A. (I. A.), Guiriec, S. (S.), Harding, A. K. (A. K.), Hays, E. (E.), Hewitt, J. W. (J. W.), Horan, D. (D.), Johannesson, G. (G.), Kuss, M. (M.), Larsson, S. (S.), Liodakis, i. (i), Loparco, F. (F.), Lubrano, P. (P.), Magill, J. D. (J. D.), Maldera, S. (S.), Manfreda, A. (A.), Mazziotta, M. N. (M. N.), Mereu, I. (I.), Michelson, R. F. (R. F.), Mizuno, T. (T.), Monzani, M. E. (M. E.), Morselli, A. (A.), Moskalenko, I. V. (I. V.), Negro, M. (M.), Nuss, E. (E.), Omodei, N. (N.), Orienti, M. (M.), Orlando, E. (E.), Ormes, J. F. (J. F.), Palatiello, M. (M.), Paliya, V. S. (V. S.), Pesce-Rollins, M. (M.), Petrosian, V. (V.), Piron, F. (F.), Porter, T. A. (T. A.), Principe, G. (G.), Raino, S. (S.), Rani, B. (B.), Razzano, M. (M.), Razzaque, S. (S.), Reimer, A. (A.), Reimer, O. (O.), Sgro, C. (C.), Siskind, E. J. (E. J.), Spandre, G. (G.), Spinelli, P. (P.), Tajima, H. (H.), Thayer, J. B. (J. B.), Thompson, D. J. (D. J.), Torres, D. F. (D. F.), Torresi, E. (E.), Troja, E. (E.), Valverde, J. (J.), Wood, K. (K.), and Yassine, M. (M.)

Abstract

The HAWC Collaboration released the 2HWC catalogue of TeV sources, in which 19 show no association with any known high-energy (HE; E ≳ 10 GeV) or very-high-energy (VHE; E ≳ 300 GeV) sources. This catalogue motivated follow-up studies by both the Major Atmospheric Gamma-ray Imaging Cherenkov (MAGIC) and Fermi-LAT (Large Area Telescope) observatories with the aim of investigating gamma-ray emission over a broad energy band. In this paper, we report the results from the first joint work between High Altitude Water Cherenkov (HAWC), MAGIC, and Fermi-LAT on three unassociated HAWC sources: 2HWC J2006+341, 2HWC J1907+084*, and 2HWC J1852+013*. Although no significant detection was found in the HE and VHE regimes, this investigation shows that a minimum 1° extension (at 95 per cent confidence level) and harder spectrum in the GeV than the one extrapolated from HAWC results are required in the case of 2HWC J1852+013*, whilst a simply minimum extension of 0.16° (at 95 per cent confidence level) can already explain the scenario proposed by HAWC for the remaining sources. Moreover, the hypothesis that these sources are pulsar wind nebulae is also investigated in detail.

Published
2019

20. Observations of Intermediate-Scale Diurnal Waves in the Equatorial Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere

Author

Lieberman, R. S, Riggin, D. M, Garcia, R. R, Wu, Qian, and Remsberg, E. E

Subjects
Geophysics
Abstract

The purpose of this study is to seek observational evidence for diurnal, vertically propagating inertia-gravity waves (IGWs) in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere (MLT). Numerical modeling studies indicate that vertically propagating IGWs excited by tropical heating provide a significant source of momentum for the semiannual oscillation (SAO) in the equatorial zonal mean winds. The power spectrum of these waves has a strong diurnal component. We analyze global patterns of ascending and descending node differences in MLT satellite temperatures, which are assumed in this study to be proxies for waves of diurnal period. Juxtaposed upon the planetary-scale features are localized variations with longitudinal wavelengths ranging from 25 deg to 50 deg, and with vertical wavelengths between 13 and 25 km. These intermediate-scale variations are spatially coherent, and persist for several weeks. Their amplitudes generally increase with altitude, while their phase structures suggest both eastward and westward propagation. The variance of wave numbers 9-17 in the MLT is examined in relation to the underlying stratospheric zonal mean zonal gradient winds. Stronger variances generally coincide with periods where the underlying zonal mean winds are relatively light, or unidirectional. The weak inverse association between variance strength and zonal wind magnitude is suggestive of a wave filtering mechanism.

Published
2006
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21. Ozone Depletion at Mid-Latitudes: Coupling of Volcanic Aerosols and Temperature Variability to Anthropogenic Chlorine

Author

Solomon, S, Portmann, R. W, Garcia, R. R, Randel, W, Wu, F, Nagatani, R, Gleason, J, Thomason, L, Poole, L. R, and McCormick, M. P

Subjects
Environment Pollution
Abstract

Satellite observations of total ozone at 40-60 deg N are presented from a variety of instruments over the time period 1979-1997. These reveal record low values in 1992-3 (after Pinatubo) followed by partial but incomplete recovery. The largest post-Pinatubo reductions and longer-term trends occur in spring, providing a critical test for chemical theories of ozone depletion. The observations are shown to be consistent with current understanding of the chemistry of ozone depletion when changes in reactive chlorine and stratospheric aerosol abundances are considered along with estimates of wave-driven fluctuations in stratospheric temperatures derived from global temperature analyses. Temperature fluctuations are shown to make significant contributions to model calculated northern mid-latitude ozone depletion due to heterogeneous chlorine activation on liquid sulfate aerosols at temperatures near 200-210 K (depending upon water vapor pressure), particularly after major volcanic eruptions. Future mid-latitude ozone recovery will hence depend not only on chlorine recovery but also on temperature trends and/or variability, volcanic activity, and any trends in stratospheric sulfate aerosol.

Published
1998
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22. Ultraviolet Radiation evolution during the 21st century

Author

Lamy, Kévin, Josse, Béatrice, Portafaix, Thierry, Bencherif, Hassan, Godin-Beekmann, Sophie, Brogniez, Colette, Abraham, N. L., Akiyoshi, H., Archibald, A. T., Bekki, Slimane, Butchart, N., Chipperfield, Martyn P., Currie, R., Di Genova, Glauco, Garcia, R. R., Deushi, Makoto, Dhomse, Sandip, Duncan, B. N., Hegglin, M. I., Horowitz, L. W., Jöckel, P., Kinnison, D., Lamarque, J. F., Lin, M. Y., Mancini, E., Marchand, Marion, Marécal, Virginie, Michou, M., Morgenstern, Olaf, O'Connor, F. M., Nagashima, T., Oman, L. D., Pitari, G., Plummer, D., Pyle, J. A., Revell, Laura E., Rozanov, E., Saint-Martin, D., Scinocca, J. F., Stenke, A., Strahan, S. E., Stone, K., Sudo, K., Tanaka, T. Y., Tilmes, S., Yamashita, Y., Yoshida, K., Zeng, G., Laboratoire de l'Atmosphère et des Cyclones (LACy), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Météo France, Centre national de recherches météorologiques (CNRM), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Météo France-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), STRATO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d’Optique Atmosphérique - UMR 8518 (LOA), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Chemistry [Cambridge, UK], University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES), Met Office Hadley Centre for Climate Change (MOHC), United Kingdom Met Office [Exeter], School of Earth and Environment [Leeds] (SEE), University of Leeds, University of L'Aquila [Italy] (UNIVAQ), National Center for Atmospheric Research [Boulder] (NCAR), Meteorological Research Institute [Tsukuba] (MRI), Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA), NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Department of Meteorology [Reading], University of Reading (UOR), NOAA Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), DLR Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre (IPA), Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt [Oberpfaffenhofen-Wessling] (DLR), Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche e Chimiche [L'Aquila], Università degli Studi dell'Aquila (UNIVAQ), National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research [Lauder] (NIWA), Environment and Climate Change Canada, Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science [Zürich] (IAC), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Bodeker Scientific, School of Earth Sciences [Melbourne], Faculty of Science [Melbourne], University of Melbourne-University of Melbourne, Graduate School of Environmental Studies [Nagoya], Nagoya University, National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research [Auckland] (NIWA), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Météo France-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Università degli Studi dell'Aquila = University of L'Aquila (UNIVAQ)

Subjects
[SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere
Abstract

International audience; In the context of a changing climate, the acceleration of the Brewer-Dobson circulation [Butchart 2014] leadsto a decrease of the ozone total column in the tropics. This decrease affects directly surface ultraviolet radiation,which are already very high in this area. Following the work of (Bais et al., 2011), (Butchart, 2014)and (Hegglin & Shepherd, 2009) on the future evolution of surface irradiance derived from Chemistry ClimateModels (CCM) projections, we projected here surface irradiance from 2010 to 2100 with focus on the tropics.We used the latest chemistry climate projection exercise ; Chemistry Climate Model Initiative (CCMI) coupledwith a radiative transfer model (TUV (Madronich, 1993)) to calculate the evolution of surface Ultravioletradiation throughout the 21st century. Ultraviolet Index (UVi) has been specifically considered (McKenzie,Matthews, & Johnston, 1991).At first, simulation from RefC2 Chemistry Climate Model Initiative have been coupled with a radiativetransfer model, in order to obtained modeled UV index (UVi-M). UVi-M is then compared against availablesatellite ultraviolet radiation observations (OMI OMUVbd product) between 2005 and 2016. Statistical differenceand variance have been analysed versus different parameters: geographical location, model or ensembleof model outputs used in the radiative transfer calculation.

Published
2017

25. Representation of the Community Earth System Model (CESM1) CAM4-chem within the Chemistry-ClimateModel Initiative (CCMI)

Author

Tilmes, S., primary, Lamarque, J.-F., additional, Emmons, L. K., additional, Kinnison, D. E., additional, Marsh, D., additional, Garcia, R. R., additional, Smith, A. K., additional, Neely, R. R., additional, Conley, A., additional, Vitt, F., additional, Val Martin, M., additional, Tanimoto, H., additional, Simpson, I., additional, Blake, D. R., additional, and Blake, N., additional

Published
2016
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28. Simulation of polar stratospheric clouds in the specified dynamics version of the whole atmosphere community climate model

Author

Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Program in Atmospheres, Oceans, and Climate, Solomon, Susan, Wegner, T., Kinnison, D. E., Garcia, R. R., Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Program in Atmospheres, Oceans, and Climate, Solomon, Susan, Wegner, T., Kinnison, D. E., and Garcia, R. R.

Abstract

We evaluate the simulation of polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs) in the Specified Dynamics version of the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model for the Antarctic winter 2005. In this model, PSCs are assumed to form instantaneously at a prescribed supersaturation, with a prescribed size distribution and number density. We use satellite observations of the Antarctic winter 2005 of nitric acid, water vapor, and PSCs to test and improve this PSC parameterization. Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization observations since 2006 show that in both hemispheres, the dominant PSC type throughout the entire polar winter is a mixture of Nitric Acid Trihydrate (NAT) and Supercooled Ternary Solutions droplets, but typical assumptions about PSC formation in the model at a given supersaturation do not produce such a population of particles and lead to earlier removal of HNO3 from the gas phase compared to observations. In our new PSC scheme, the formation of mixed PSCs is forced by only allowing a fraction of total available HNO3 to freeze to NAT and the remaining part to form STS. With this approach, a mixture of both is present throughout the winter, in agreement with observations. This approach yields good agreement with observations in terms of temperature-dependent removal of gas-phase HNO3 and irreversible denitrification. In addition to nitric acid containing PSCs, we also investigate ice PSCs. We show that the choice of required saturation ratio of water vapor for ice formation can significantly improve the calculated vertical distribution of water vapor and is required to produce good agreement with observations., European Research Council (EU Seventh Research Framework Programme (EU-FP7 project RECONCILE (RECONCILE-226365-FP7-ENV-2008-1), National Center for Atmospheric Research (U.S.) (Fulbright program)

Published
2014

29. Short- and medium-term atmospheric constituent effects of very large solar proton events

Author

Jackman, C. H., Marsh, D. R., Vitt, F. M., Garcia, R. R., Fleming, E. L., Labow, G. J., Randall, C. E., Manuel López-Puertas, Funke, B., Clarmann, T., Stiller, G. P., EGU, Publication, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Center for Atmospheric Research [Boulder] (NCAR), University of Colorado [Boulder], Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (IAA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Institute for Meteorology and Climate Research (IMK), and Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)

Subjects
lcsh:Chemistry, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, lcsh:QD1-999, [SDU.OCEAN] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, lcsh:Physics, lcsh:QC1-999
Abstract

Solar eruptions sometimes produce protons, which impact the Earth's atmosphere. These solar proton events (SPEs) generally last a few days and produce high energy particles that precipitate into the Earth's atmosphere. The protons cause ionization and dissociation processes that ultimately lead to an enhancement of odd-hydrogen and odd-nitrogen in the polar cap regions (>60° geomagnetic latitude). We have used the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model (WACCM3) to study the atmospheric impact of SPEs over the period 1963–2005. The very largest SPEs were found to be the most important and caused atmospheric effects that lasted several months after the events. We present the short- and medium-term (days to a few months) atmospheric influence of the four largest SPEs in the past 45 years (August 1972; October 1989; July 2000; and October–November 2003) as computed by WACCM3 and observed by satellite instruments. Polar mesospheric NOx (NO+NO2) increased by over 50 ppbv and mesospheric ozone decreased by over 30% during these very large SPEs. Changes in HNO3, N2O5, ClONO2, HOCl, and ClO were indirectly caused by the very large SPEs in October–November 2003, were simulated by WACCM3, and previously measured by Envisat Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding (MIPAS). WACCM3 output was also represented by sampling with the MIPAS averaging kernel for a more valid comparison. Although qualitatively similar, there are discrepancies between the model and measurement with WACCM3 predicted HNO3 and ClONO2 enhancements being smaller than measured and N2O5 enhancements being larger than measured. The HOCl enhancements were fairly similar in amounts and temporal variation in WACCM3 and MIPAS. WACCM3 simulated ClO decreases below 50 km, whereas MIPAS mainly observed increases, a very perplexing difference. Upper stratospheric and lower mesospheric NOx increased by over 10 ppbv and was transported during polar night down to the middle stratosphere in several weeks past the SPE. The WACCM3 simulations confirmed the SH HALOE observations of enhanced NOx in September 2000 as a result of the July 2000 SPE and the NH SAGE II observations of enhanced NO2 in March 1990 as a result of the October 1989 SPEs.

Published
2008

30. Short- and medium-term atmospheric effects of very large solar proton events

Author

Jackman, C. H., Marsh, D. R., Vitt, F. M., Garcia, R. R., Fleming, E. L., Labow, G. J., Randall, C. E., López-Puertas, M., Funke, B., NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), National Center for Atmospheric Research [Boulder] (NCAR), University of Colorado [Boulder], Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (IAA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), and EGU, Publication

Subjects
[SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDU.OCEAN] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, 13. Climate action, 0103 physical sciences, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

International audience; Solar eruptions sometimes produce protons, which impact the Earth's atmosphere. These solar proton events (SPEs) generally last a few days and produce high energy particles that precipitate into the Earth's atmosphere. The protons cause ionization and dissociation processes that ultimately lead to an enhancement of odd-hydrogen and odd-nitrogen in the polar cap regions (>60° geomagnetic latitude). We have used the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model (WACCM3) to study the atmospheric impact of SPEs over the period 1963?2005. The very largest SPEs were found to be the most important and caused atmospheric effects that lasted several months to years after the events. We present the short- and medium-term (days to a few months) atmospheric influence of the four largest SPEs in the past 45 years (August 1972; October 1989; July 2000; and October?November 2003) as computed by WACCM3 and observed by satellite instruments. The polar effects can be summarized as follows: 1) Mesospheric NOx (NO+NO2) increased by over 50 ppbv and mesospheric ozone decreased by over 30% during these very large SPEs; 2) upper stratospheric and lower mesospheric NOx increased by over 10 ppbv and was transported during polar night down to the middle stratosphere in a few weeks; 3) mid- to upper stratospheric ozone decreased over 20%; and 4) enhancements of HNO3, HOCl, ClO, ClONO2, and N2O5 were indirectly caused by the very large SPEs, although the model results suggest impacts at higher altitudes than indicated by the measurements for the October?November 2003 SPE period.

Published
2007

31. Evaluation of heterogeneous processes in the polar lower stratosphere in WACCM3

Author

Tilmes, S., Kinnison, D. E., Müller, R., Sassi, F., Marsh, D. R., Boville, B. A., and Garcia, R. R.

Subjects
ddc:550, Physics::Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics, Physics::Geophysics
Abstract

Chemical ozone loss in the polar lower stratosphere is derived from an ensemble of three simulations from the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model (WACCM3) for the period 1960-2003, using the tracer-tracer correlation technique. We describe a detailed model evaluation of the polar region by applying diagnostics such as vortex temperature, sharpness of the vortex edge, and the potential of activated chlorine (PAC1). Meteorological and chemical information about the polar vortex, temperature, vortex size, and activation time, and level of equivalent effective stratospheric chlorine, are included in PAC1. Discrepancies of the relationship between chemical ozone loss and PAC1 between model and observations are discussed. Simulated PAC1 for Antarctica is in good agreement with observations, owing to slightly lower simulated temperatures and a larger vortex volume than observed. Observed chemical ozone loss of 140 +/- 30 DU in the Antarctic vortex core are reproduced by the WACCM3 simulations. However, WACCM3 with the horizontal resolution used here (4 x 5) is not able to simulate the observed sharp transport barrier at the polar vortex edge. Therefore the model does not produce an homogeneous cold polar vortex. Warmer temperatures in the outer region of the vortex result in less chemical ozone loss over the entire polar vortex than observed. For the Arctic, WACCM3 temperatures are biased high (by 2-3 degrees in the annual average) and the vortex volume and chlorine activation period is significantly smaller than observed. WACCM3 Arctic chemical ozone loss only reaches 20 DU for cold winters, where observations suggest approximate to 80-120 DU.

Published
2007

32. Multi-model projections of ozone recovery in the 21st century

Author

Eyring, V, Waugh, D. W., Bodeker, G. E., Cordero, E., Akiyoshi, H., Austin, J., Beagley, S. R., Boville, B., Braesicke, P., Bruhl, C., Butchart, N., Chipperfield, M. P., Dameris, M., Deckert, R., Deushi, M., Frith, S. M., Garcia, R. R., Gettelman, A., Giorgetta, M., Kinnison, D. E., Mancini, E., Manzini, E., Marsh, D. R., Matthes, S., Nagashima, T., Newman, P. A., Nielsen, J. E., Pawson, S., Pitari, Giovanni, Plummer, D. A., Rozanov, E., Schraner, M., Scinocca, J. F., Semeniuk, K., Shepherd, T. G., Shibata, K., Steil, B., Stolarski, R., Tian, W., and Yoshiki, AND M.

Published
2007

33. Tratamiento del síndrome antifosfolípido

Author

Paramo, J.A. (José Antonio), Garcia, R. (R.), Rodriguez, P. (P.), Panizo, E. (Elena), and Lecumberri, E. (E.)

Subjects
Fetal death, immune system diseases, Lupus anticoagulant, Antiphospholipid syndrome, Thrombosis, skin and connective tissue diseases
Abstract

El síndrome antifosfolípido (SAF) se caracteriza por trombosis recurrentes y/o pérdidas fetales asociadas a la presencia de anticuerpos antifosfolípidos, anticoagulante lúpico, anticardiolipina y anti ß2-glicoproteína1. Los anticoagulantes orales (warfarina o sintrom) representan el tratamiento de elección para la prevención de recurrencia de trombosis venosa o arterial, por lo que estos pacientes deberían recibir este tratamiento a largo plazo, manteniendo INR = 2-3. Las heparinas de bajo peso molecular combinadas con dosis bajas de aspirina son una alternativa razonable en mujeres gestantes para evitar las pérdidas fetales y complicaciones obstétricas relacionadas con este síndrome.

Published
2007

35. Large-scale Rossby Normal Modes during Some Recent Northern Hemisphere Winters

Author

NAVAL RESEARCH LAB WASHINGTON DC SPACE SCIENCE DIV, Sassi, F, Garcia, R R, Hoppel, K W, NAVAL RESEARCH LAB WASHINGTON DC SPACE SCIENCE DIV, Sassi, F, Garcia, R R, and Hoppel, K W

Abstract

Wavenumber-1 Rossby normal modes are studied for the Northern Hemisphere winters of 2005, 2006, 2008 and 2009 using global observational meteorological analyses spanning the 0-100 km altitude range. Spectral analysis of geopotential height fields shows pronounced peaks at westward propagating zonal wave number 1 near the theoretical locations of the free Rossby waves at 25 days, 16 days, 10 days and 5 days that, in some cases, have amplitudes significantly larger than the estimated background spectrum. A coherence analysis is used to extract the amplitude and phase of the waves, and to isolate those regions of the latitude/altitude plane where the signals are statistically significant. Although the spectral location, temporal evolution and vertical structure of several of these waves are suggestive of the presence of Rossby normal modes, this study shows that in the real atmosphere the waves only occasionally have the global properties of classical normal modes. Moreover, we find no evidence that the amplitudes of these modes are enhanced during stratospheric sudden warmings., J. Atmos. Sci., submitted

Published
2011

36. Thermosphere Extension of the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model

Author

NATIONAL CENTER FOR ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH BOULDER CO, Liu, H L, Foster, B T, Hagan, M E, McInerney, J M, Maute, A, L Qian, Richmond, A D, Roble, R G, Solomon, S C, Garcia, R R, NATIONAL CENTER FOR ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH BOULDER CO, Liu, H L, Foster, B T, Hagan, M E, McInerney, J M, Maute, A, L Qian, Richmond, A D, Roble, R G, Solomon, S C, and Garcia, R R

Abstract

In atmospheric and space environment studies it is key to understand and to quantify the coupling of atmospheric regions and the solar impacts on the whole atmosphere system. There is thus a need for a numerical model that encompasses the whole atmosphere and can self consistently simulate the dynamic, physical, chemical, radiative, and electrodynamic processes that are important for the Sun Earth system. This is the goal for developing the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model (WACCM). In this work, we report the development and preliminary validation of the thermospheric extension of WACCM (WACCM X), which extends from the Earth s surface to the upper thermosphere. The WACCM X uses the finite volume dynamical core from the NCAR Community Atmosphere Model and includes an interactive chemistry module resolving most known neutral chemistry and major ion chemistry in the middle and upper atmosphere, and photolysis and photoionization. Upper atmosphere processes, such as nonlocal thermodynamic equilibrium, radiative transfer, auroral processes, ion drag, and molecular diffusion of major and minor species, have been included in the model. We evaluate the model performance by examining the quantities essential for the climate and weather of the upper atmosphere: the mean compositional, thermal, and wind structures from the troposphere to the upper thermosphere and their variability on interannual, seasonal, and daily scales. These quantities are compared with observational and previous model results., Published in Journal orf Geophysical Research, v115, article A12302, Dec 2010. Prepared in collaboration with the Space Science Division, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D. C..

Published
2010

37. The Role of the Middle Atmosphere in Simulations of the Troposphere during Northern Hemisphere Winter: Differences between High- and Low-Top Models

Author

NAVAL RESEARCH LAB WASHINGTON DC SPACE SCIENCE DIV, Sassi, Fabrizio, Garcia, R R, Marsh, D, Hoppel, K W, NAVAL RESEARCH LAB WASHINGTON DC SPACE SCIENCE DIV, Sassi, Fabrizio, Garcia, R R, Marsh, D, and Hoppel, K W

Abstract

This paper compares present-day simulations made with two state-of-the-art climate models: a conventional model specifically designed to represent the tropospheric climate, which has a poorly resolved middle atmosphere, and a configuration that is built on the same physics and numerical algorithms but represents realistically the middle atmosphere and lower thermosphere. The atmospheric behavior is found to be different between the two model configurations, and it is shown that the differences in the two simulations can be attributed to differences in the behavior of the zonal mean state of the stratosphere, where reflection of quasistationary resolved planetary waves from the lid of the low-top model is prominent; the more realistic physics in the high-top model is not relevant. It is also shown that downward propagation of zonal wind anomalies during weak stratospheric vortex events is substantially different in the two model configurations. These findings extend earlier results that a poorly resolved stratosphere can influence simulations throughout the troposphere., Pub in Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, v67 p3048-3064, 2010.

Published
2010

41. Modeling the whole atmosphere response to solar cycle changes in radiative and geomagnetic forcing

Author

Marsh, D. R., Garcia, R. R., Kinnison, D. E., Boville, B. A., Sassi, F., Solomon, S. C., Matthes, Katja, Marsh, D. R., Garcia, R. R., Kinnison, D. E., Boville, B. A., Sassi, F., Solomon, S. C., and Matthes, Katja

Abstract

The NCAR Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model, version 3 (WACCM3), is used to study the atmospheric response from the surface to the lower thermosphere to changes in solar and geomagnetic forcing over the 11-year solar cycle. WACCM3 is a general circulation model that incorporates interactive chemistry that solves for both neutral and ion species. Energy inputs include solar radiation and energetic particles, which vary significantly over the solar cycle. This paper presents a comparison of simulations for solar cycle maximum and solar cycle minimum conditions. Changes in composition and dynamical variables are clearly seen in the middle and upper atmosphere, and these in turn affect terms in the energy budget. Generally good agreement is found between the model response and that derived from satellite observations, although significant differences remain. A small but statistically significant response is predicted in tropospheric winds and temperatures which is consistent with signals observed in reanalysis data sets.

Published
2007
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48. Validation of the MIPAS CO2volume mixing ratio in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere and comparison with WACCM simulations

Author

López‐Puertas, Manuel, Funke, B., Jurado‐Navarro, Á. A., García‐Comas, M., Gardini, A., Boone, C. D., Rezac, L., and Garcia, R. R.

Abstract

We present the validation of Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding (MIPAS) CO2daytime concentration in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere by comparing with Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment (ACE) Fourier transform spectrometer and Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry (SABER) data. MIPAS shows a very good agreement with ACE below 100 km with differences of ∼5%. Above 100 km, MIPAS CO2is generally lower than ACE with differences growing from ∼5% at 100 km to 20–40% near 110–120 km. Part of this disagreement can be explained by the lack of a nonlocal thermodynamic equilibrium correction in ACE. MIPAS also agrees very well (∼5%) with SABER below 100 km. At 90–105 km, MIPAS is generally smaller than SABER by 10–30% in the polar summers. At 100–120 km, MIPAS and SABER CO2agree within ∼10% during equinox but, for solstice, MIPAS is larger by 10–25%, except near the polar summer. Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model (WACCM) CO2shows the major MIPAS features. At 75–100 km, the agreement is very good (∼5%), with maximum differences of ∼10%. At 95–115 km MIPAS CO2is larger than WACCM by 20–30% in the winter hemisphere but smaller (20–40%) in the summer. Above 95–100 km WACCM generally overestimates MIPAS CO2by about 20–80% except in the polar summer where underestimates it by 20–40%. MIPAS CO2favors a large eddy diffusion below 100 km and suggests that the meridional circulation of the lower thermosphere is stronger than in WACCM. The three instruments and WACCM show a clear increase of CO2with time, more markedly at 90–100 km. MIPAS CO2concentrations in the upper atmosphere are validated against ACE‐FTS and SABER measurementsMIPAS agrees very well with ACE and SABER below 100 km; at 100–120 km ACE is larger than MIPAS (20–40%), while MIPAS and SABER are within 20%MIPAS and SD‐WACCM CO2are in very good agreement below 100 km, but WACCM is generally larger in about 20–60% at 100‐130 km.

Published
2017
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