29 results on '"Garcia, Leo"'
Search Results
2. Integrating data and knowledge to support the selection of service plant species in agroecology
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Najm, Elie, Mugnier, Marie-Laure, Gary, Christian, Baget, Jean-François, Métral, Raphael, and Garcia, Léo
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- 2024
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3. Transport of nano-objects in narrow channels: influence of Brownian diffusion, confinement and particle nature
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Liot, Olivier, Socol, Marius, Garcia, Léo, Thiéry, Juliette, Figarol, Agathe, Mingotaud, Anne-Françoise, and Joseph, Pierre
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Physics - Fluid Dynamics ,Condensed Matter - Soft Condensed Matter - Abstract
This paper presents experimental results about transport of dilute suspensions of nano-objects in silicon-glass micrometric and sub-micrometric channels. Two kinds of objects are used: solid, rigid latex beads and spherical capsule-shaped, soft polymersomes. They are tracked using fluorescence microscopy. Three parameters are studied: confinement (ratio between particle diameter and channel depth), Brownian diffusion and particle nature. The aim of this work is to understand how these different parameters affect the transport of suspensions in narrow channels and to understand the different mechanisms at play. Concerning the solid beads we observe the appearance of two regimes, one where the experimental mean velocity is close to the expected one and another where this velocity is lower. This is directly related to a competition between confinement, Brownian diffusion and advection. These two regimes are shown to be linked to the homogeneity of particles distribution in the channel depth, which we experimentally deduce from velocity distributions. This inhomogeneity appears during the entrance process into the sub-micrometric channels, as for hydrodynamic separation or deterministic lateral displacement. Concerning the nature of the particles we observed a shift of transition towards the second regime likely due to the relationships between shear stress and polymersomes mechanical properties which could reduce the inhomogeneity imposed by the geometry of our device., Comment: 16 pages, 15 figures
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- 2018
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4. Optimizing the choice of service crops in vineyards to achieve both runoff mitigation and water provisioning for grapevine : a trait-based approach
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Garcia, Léo, Metay, Aurélie, Kazakou, Elena, Storkey, Jonathan, Gary, Christian, and Damour, Gaëlle
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- 2020
5. Trait-based approach for agroecology : contribution of service crop root traits to explain soil aggregate stability in vineyards
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Garcia, Léo, Damour, Gaëlle, Gary, Christian, Follain, Stéphane, Le Bissonnais, Yves, and Metay, Aurélie
- Published
- 2019
6. The assessment of tumour boundaries using ultrasound elastography
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Garcia, Leo
- Subjects
615.84 - Published
- 2011
7. The ESSU concept for designing, modeling and auditing ecosystem service provision in intercropping and agroforestry systems. A review
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Rafflegeau, Sylvain, Gosme, Marie, Barkaoui, Karim, Garcia, Leo, Allinne, Clémentine, Deheuvels, Olivier, Grimaldi, Juliette, Jagoret, Patrick, Lauri, Pierre-Eric, Mérot, Anne, Metay, Aurélie, Reyes, Francisco, Saj, Stéphane, Curry, George Nicolas, Justes, Eric, Rafflegeau, Sylvain, Gosme, Marie, Barkaoui, Karim, Garcia, Leo, Allinne, Clémentine, Deheuvels, Olivier, Grimaldi, Juliette, Jagoret, Patrick, Lauri, Pierre-Eric, Mérot, Anne, Metay, Aurélie, Reyes, Francisco, Saj, Stéphane, Curry, George Nicolas, and Justes, Eric
- Abstract
Duru et al. (Agron Sustain Dev 35:1259-1281, 2015) highlighted a missing tool for studying and improving the performance of cropping systems in the transition to highly diversified agriculture. In response, this paper proposes a concept for designing, modeling, monitoring, and auditing desired ecosystem services, in intercropping and agroforestry systems. We have labelled this concept ESSU (Ecosystem Services functional Spatial Unit). It delimits the smallest spatial unit encompassing all the interacting species and other functional components (e.g., crops, trees, livestock, spontaneous vegetation, semi-natural habitats such as hedges, ditches, forest patches, and animals) that together provide a specified set of ecosystem services. The novel ESSU concept allows representation of an entire diversified agroecosystem by the repetition of the spatial unit that provides the same sets of targeted ecosystem services as the agroecosystem it represents. It can then be used for various activities, such as the (i) design of more efficient agroecological systems according to the targeted ecosystem services; (ii) rapid audit of farming practices for biodiversity/resilience across large tracts of farmland as part of achieving Sustainable Development Goal 2 targets of sustainable food systems; and (iii) modeling such diversified agroecosystems using a motif adapted to represent the targeted ecosystem services and the species spacing design. We demonstrate that the ESSU concept is highly flexible and applicable to a wide range of diversified agroecosystems, like arable intercropping, crop-tree intercropping, tree-tree agroforestry, and agro-pastoralism. We also show its relevance and suitability for representing temporal changes over 1 year, across several years, and over decades, indicating its generalizability and flexibility. We argue that ESSU could open new theoretical and practical research avenues for the study of diversified agroecosystems. Considered with all the knowledg
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- 2023
8. A New Method for the Acquisition of Ultrasonic Strain Image Volumes
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Housden, R. James, Chen, Lujie, Gee, Andrew H., Treece, Graham M., Uff, Christopher, Fromageau, Jeremie, Garcia, Leo, Prager, Richard W., Dorward, Neil L., and Bamber, Jeffrey C.
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- 2011
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9. Methylation status of nc886 epiallele reflects periconceptional conditions and is associated with glucose metabolism through nc886 RNAs
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Saara Marttila, Leena E. Viiri, Pashupati P. Mishra, Brigitte Kühnel, Pamela R. Matias-Garcia, Leo-Pekka Lyytikäinen, Tiina Ceder, Nina Mononen, Wolfgang Rathmann, Juliane Winkelmann, Annette Peters, Mika Kähönen, Nina Hutri-Kähönen, Markus Juonala, Katriina Aalto-Setälä, Olli Raitakari, Terho Lehtimäki, Melanie Waldenberger, Emma Raitoharju
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- 2021
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10. Seasonal and interannual variations in functional traits of sown and spontaneous species in vineyard inter-rows
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Garcia, Leo, Damour, Gaëlle, Kazakou, Elena, Fried, Guillaume, Bopp, Marie-Charlotte, Metay, Aurélie, Garcia, Leo, Damour, Gaëlle, Kazakou, Elena, Fried, Guillaume, Bopp, Marie-Charlotte, and Metay, Aurélie
- Abstract
The trait‐based approach can address questions in order to understand how the functioning of organisms scales up to that of ecosystems and controls some of the services they deliver to humans, including in agriculture. However, the importance of interspecific vs the intraspecific trait variability (ITV) for classifying species according to their traits in agrosystems on a large diversity of pedoclimatic situations and cropping systems remains still open. Here, we addressed three questions: How do measured traits vary across years and seasons? Are species rankings conserved across years and season? And which traits and species are the more stable and repeatable for sown and spontaneous species? We conducted a two‐year experiment in a vineyard, and we measured four leaf and plant functional traits of 14 sown species and 43 spontaneous species that grew among sown species. Traits were measured at two key phenological stages for grapevine: budburst and flowering during two successive years with contrasted rainfall (2017 and 2018). We studied seasonal and interannual trait variations, rankings between species, and variance partitioning. The species factor explained the greatest part of trait variations across years and seasons. Sown and spontaneous species traits varied in the same way, and traits related to plant dry matter contents were the more stable across periods. Moreover, species rankings were conserved across years and seasons for all traits except plant height. Sown species showed better ranking conservation than spontaneous species overall. The trait‐based approach seems promising for the comparison of various cropping systems involving sown and spontaneous species, and may help identifying service crop species related to specific agroecosystem services. Further research is needed to bring more knowledge on trait variations under a diversity of agrosystems, and to improve theoretical frameworks that would help the design of sustainable agrosystems that provide
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- 2020
11. Ecosystem services functional motif: a new concept to analyse and design agroforestry systems
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Rafflegeau, Sylvain, Allinne, Clémentine, Karim Barkaoui, Deheuvels, Olivier, Jagoret, Patrick, Garcia, Leo, Gosme, Marie, Lauri, Pierre-Eric, Mérot, Anne, Metay, Aurélie, Meziere, Delphine, Stephane Saj, Smits, Nathalie, Eric Justes, Fonctionnement et conduite des systèmes de culture tropicaux et méditerranéens (UMR SYSTEM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier (CIHEAM-IAMM), Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), AGroécologie, Innovations, teRritoires (AGIR), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées
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agroforesterie ,system design ,agroecology ,[SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences ,Modèle ,functional pattern ,agroforestry ,ecosystem services ,U10 - Informatique, mathématiques et statistiques ,F08 - Systèmes et modes de culture ,écosystème agricole ,K10 - Production forestière ,Agricultural sciences ,système agroforestier ,système de culture ,Sciences agricoles ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS - Abstract
Agroforestry systems (AFS) are multi-species systems comprising cropped and associated spontaneous species, including trees. The species in AFS provide different levels of regulating, supporting and provisioning ecosystems services (ES). We assume that the provision of ES depends on the functional characteristics of all associated species and their spatial layout in the AFS, which we call here the “functional motif”. We propose the concept of Ecosystem Service Functional Motif (ESFM) defined as the smallest spatial unit that is relevant to understand the provision of all the targeted ES, at a given time. This ESFM is useful to determine the smallest scale at which data should be collected for relevant upscaling of AFS functioning. As a proof of the ESFM concept, we use it to describe existing AFS covering a wide range of species richness X spatial organisation. We show, for each AFS, the ESFM for various types of targeted (multiple) ES at various stages in the development of the system. We finally discuss the strengths and weaknesses of the ESFM concept for (i) analysing the AFS functioning, (ii) designing improved AFS according to ES targeted, and (iii) modelling such AFS.
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- 2019
12. Caractérisation fonctionnelle de cultures de services en vignoble et étude des relations entre marqueurs fonctionnels des communautés végétales et services écosystémiques pour la viticulture
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Garcia, Leo
- Abstract
Les systèmes viticoles font face à des enjeux environnementaux liés à l'érosion des sols, la perte de matière organique des sols, la pression phytosanitaire et ses effets sur la santé et la biodiversité, dans un contexte de changement climatique. L'utilisation d'enherbements dans les vignobles représente un ensemble de pratiques agroécologiques crédibles permettant à la fois de satisfaire les objectifs de production et de ré- pondre aux différents enjeux environnementaux en viticulture. L'atteinte de ces objectifs et la réponse aux enjeux dépendent des fonctions des espèces dans les systèmes viticoles, de leur diversité dans les enherbements, et des relations entre cette diversité et les services écosystémiques. Comment décrire la diversité des communautés végétales dans les enherbements viticoles ? Comment évaluer le lien entre cette diversité végétale et les services écosystémiques fournis par les communautés ? Peut-on piloter la fourniture de services écosystémiques dans les agrosystèmes ? Pour répondre à ces questions, deux expérimentations au champ ont été réalisées dans une vigne expérimentale entre 2015 et 2018 : i ) une expérimentation permettant de tester la pertinence de l'approche fonctionnelle pour la description de la diversité des enherbements viticoles et l'évaluation des services écosystémiques fournis par les communautés végétales, mesurés par des indicateurs, et ii ) une expérimentation destinée à évaluer l'effet de la date de tonte d'un engrais vert sur la fourniture de services en viticulture. Les résultats obtenus ont confirmé la pertinence et la généricité de l'approche fonctionnelle pour décrire la diversité des espèces végétales composant les enherbements en lien avec la fourniture de services, sur la base de marqueurs fonctionnels de communautés composées d'espèces semées et spontanées. Les résultats présentés dans cette thèse ont ainsi confirmé l'existence de relations entre les propriétés fonctionnelles des communautés végétales et les services écosystémiques qu'elles fournissent dans un système viticole enherbé. La qualité des relations mises en évidence a montré la capacité des marqueurs fonctionnels à décrire les fonctions des espèces à l'échelle des communautés, et à expliquer des parts de variation importantes des indicateurs de services. Cette thèse a également confirmé l'importance du pilotage des cultures de services par des interventions techniques (e.g. date de tonte) afin d'optimiser la fourniture de services écosystémiques et éviter les dysservices. La mise en oeuvre de l'approche fonctionnelle dans des contextes pédoclimatiques variés pourrait conduire à l'élaboration de règles générales de fonctionnement des communautés végétales pour la fourniture de services écosystémiques dans les agrosystèmes.
- Published
- 2018
13. Service crops functional markers explain soil water and nitrogen stocks at budburst in Mediterranean Vineyards. PoS1-46
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Garcia, Leo, Damour, Gaëlle, Martenot, Aurore, Ganganelli, Inti, Gary, Christian, Dorel, Marc, Metay, Aurélie, Garcia, Leo, Damour, Gaëlle, Martenot, Aurore, Ganganelli, Inti, Gary, Christian, Dorel, Marc, and Metay, Aurélie
- Abstract
In Mediterranean region, summer droughts are getting more intense with climate change, and water management is essential to avoid grapevine water and nitrogen (N) stress in order to maintain berry production (Celette and Gary 2013). Numerous studies have shown the potential of service crops for providing services in vineyards, eventually in relation to water and N supply (Garcia et al. 2018). Functional characterization is increasingly employed for cultivated ecosystems (Martin and Isaac 2015; Wood et al. 2015), with the hypothesis that functional markers could help us to predict the ecosystem services provided by cash crops and service crops (Damour et al. 2015). However, there is a lack of studies that assess the relations between functional markers and ecosystem services in field conditions. The aim of this study was to test the relations between functional markers of service crops in vineyards, and water and N stocks in soils. The experiment was carried out from 2016 to 2017 on a vineyard located in the South of France. Treatments consisted in 13 different service crop species and spontaneous vegetation in the inter-rows. Species were chosen to diversify botanical families, life cycles and growing behaviour. Service crops were sown on plots of 30m length in inter-rows. We studied plant communities of sown species and neighbouring weeds in three quadrats per treatment. At budburst, cover rate and aboveground biomass were recorded in all quadrats, and species were sort out to calculate their relative abundance. After biomass collection, soil cores were collected to measure soil water and N contents. Aboveground functional markers were measured on sown species and most frequent weeds (39 species in total) according to standardized protocols (Pérez-Harguindeguy et al. 2013). We recorded plant height, leaf area, leaf dry matter content, plant dry matter content, specific leaf area (SLA), carbon, N content and C/N ratio. Community weighted means (Garnier et al. 2004)
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- 2018
14. Management of service crops for the provision of ecosystem services in vineyards: A review
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Garcia, Leo, Celette, Florian, Gary, Christian, Ripoche, Aude, Valdes-Gómez, Hector, Metay, Aurélie, Garcia, Leo, Celette, Florian, Gary, Christian, Ripoche, Aude, Valdes-Gómez, Hector, and Metay, Aurélie
- Abstract
Service crops are crops grown with the aim of providing non-marketed ecosystem services, i.e. differing from food, fiber and fuel production. Vineyard soils face various agronomic issues such as poor organic carbon levels, erosion, fertility losses, and numerous studies have highlighted the ability of service crops to address these issues. In addition to their ability to increase soil organic matter and fertility, and reduce runoff and erosion processes, service crops provide a large variety of ecosystem services in vineyards such as weed control, pest and disease regulation, water supply, water purification, improvement of field trafficability and maintenance of soil biodiversity. However, associating service crops with grapevines may also generate disservices and impair grape production: competition for soil resources with the grapevine is often highlighted to reject such association. Consequently, vinegrowers have to find a balance between services and disservices, depending on local soil and climate conditions, on their objectives of grape production and on the nature and temporality of the ecosystem services they expect during the grapevine cycle. This study proposes a review of the services and disservices provided by service crops in vineyards, and a framework for their management. Vinegrowers' production objectives and pedoclimatic constraints form the preliminary stage to consider before defining a strategy of service crop management. This strategy assembles management options such as the choice of species, its spatial distribution within the vineyard, the timing of its installation, maintenance and destruction. These management options, defined for both annual and long-term time scales, form action levers which may impact cropping system functioning. Finally, we underline the importance of implementing an adaptive strategy at the seasonal time scale. Such tactical management allows adapting the cropping system to observed climate and state of the biophysic
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- 2018
15. Service crops root traits explain soil structural stability in Mediterranean vineyards. PS-6.2-04
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Garcia, Leo, Metay, Aurélie, Rivière, Elise, Fleureau, Nicolas, Ganganelli, Inti, Gary, Christian, Damour, Gaëlle, Garcia, Leo, Metay, Aurélie, Rivière, Elise, Fleureau, Nicolas, Ganganelli, Inti, Gary, Christian, and Damour, Gaëlle
- Abstract
In Mediterranean region, the climate is known for its heavy storms during spring and autumn, reaching high levels of rainfall intensity. Viticulture is one of the most erosion-prone land uses as the soils often present poor organic carbon levels, and tillage may be frequent to avoid competition between weeds and grapevines (Salomé et al., 2016). Moreover, this crop is often located on steep slopes, shallow soils, where rainfall generates runoff and soil losses. Numerous studies have shown that cover cropping is a relevant solution to limit runoff and increase soil aggregate stability and thus limit soil erosion (Garcia et al., 2018). The role of root traits to increase aggregate stability has been studied in grasslands or natural ecosystems, but few studies have explored the impact of plant traits in tilled agrosystems (Le Bissonnais et al., 2017). The aim of this study was to assess the respective role of root traits and soil characteristics in driving soil aggregate stability in Mediterranean vineyards. The experiment was carried out from 2016 to 2017 during one growing season, on a vineyard located in the South of France. Treatments consisted in 13 different service crop species and spontaneous vegetation in the inter-rows. Sown species were chosen to have a diversity of botanical families, life cycles, and growing behavior. Service crops were sown on plots of 30m length upon one row and the two adjacent inter-rows, under three contrasted soil management strategies since 2012: permanent vegetation, permanent tillage, and permanent vegetation tilled at n-1. At budburst, aboveground biomass was recorded in quadrats displayed in each treatment (38 quadrats in total). After biomass collection, two soil cores per quadrat were collected to measure root traits, inorganic nitrogen (N) content, soil organic carbon (SOC) and microbial biomass (MB). In each quadrat, soil sample in the 0-10 cm layer was collected to measure aggregates stability (3 repetitions per quadrat) an
- Published
- 2018
16. Rising nutrient availability may have much more impact than climate change on pearl millet in Senegal. P2.045
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Garcia, Leo, Affholder, François, Sultan, B., Muller, Bertrand, and Kouakou, Patrice Koffi
- Abstract
Introduction Our objective was to assess the impacts of climate change and crop intensification on yields for a typical case of semi arid Africa. Methods Future climate scenarios derived from the CMIP5 ensemble of climate models were built by applying projected changes in temperature and rainfall to the observed local weather data in Senegal. All climate models predict temperature increase in the future, whereas rainfall is predicted as increasing or decreasing depending on the model. To span uncertainty in climate projections we combined different rainfall projections with the time horizon (1985, 2050 or 2080) and with the radiative forcing hypothesis (RCP8.5 or RCP2.6). A crop model, CELSIUS, was specifically built to simulate a millet crop grown under severe and moderate nutrient limitations. CELSIUS was calibrated against observed data from 150 situations of varying weather, soil, and nutrient management, in Senegal. Millet crop was then simulated under present and future climate of the several scenarios, under severe and moderate nutrient limitations. Results Under a given nutrient limiting level and whatever the climate scenario, yield interannual variability increases in the future, and yield increases or decreases in scenarios with rainfall increase or decrease respectively. These differences, in yield, however, are of the same order of magnitude as the error of CELSIUS (35%). Much more substantial is the increase in yield, of 200 to 300%, simulated when shifting from severe to moderate nutrient limitation whatever the climate scenario. Discussion Millet is currently grown under severe nutrient limitations, due to continuous cropping with insufficient recycling and external supply. Our simulations suggest that current scenarios of climate translate into changes in millet yield (positive or negative) of less amplitude than the marked yield increase expected from increasing organic or inorganic fertilization.
- Published
- 2017
17. Further characterization of changes in axial strain elastograms due to the presence of slippery tumor boundaries
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Uff, Christopher, primary, Garcia, Leo, primary, Fromageau, Jeremie, primary, Chakraborty, Aabir, primary, Dorward, Neil, primary, and Bamber, Jeffrey, primary
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- 2018
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18. Analysis of evasion and its causes in a computer science course
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Lopes da Silva Garcia, Leo M., primary, Lara, Daiany Francisca, additional, Antunes, Franciano, additional, Perez, Claudia Alves, additional, de Miranda, Cristiano Campos, additional, and dos Santos, Antonio Carlos P., additional
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- 2017
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19. Impact du changement climatique sur les rendements du mil et de l'arachide au Sénégal : Approche par expérimentation virtuelle
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Garcia, Leo
- Abstract
Au Sénégal, l'agriculture est caractérisée par des cultures pluviales, de faibles revenus agricoles et des moyens de production (intrants, mécanisation) très limités par la faible accessibilité du marché des produits, intrants agricoles et instruments financiers pour les paysans. D'autre part, la durée de la saison des pluies (3-4 mois par an) est courte, ces caractéristiques rendent ainsi l'agriculture du Sénégal très vulnérable aux aléas climatiques, et particulièrement à la variabilité de la ressource en eau. La caractérisation du changement climatique et l'adaptation de l'agriculture aux changements futurs sont des problématiques importantes pour ce pays. Le travail présenté dans ce mémoire propose d'évaluer l'impact du changement climatique sur les rendements de deux cultures du Sénégal, le mil et l'arachide, par modélisation. L'utilisation de données météorologiques issues des projections des modèles de climat CMIP5 a permis de construire cinq scénarios d'évolution du climat sénégalais selon deux sous-ensembles de modèles climatiques sélectionnés parmi l'ensemble CMIP5, et de proposer une méthode pour la construction de ces scénarios. En parallèle, un modèle de culture (CELSIUS) a été paramétré afin de simuler les rendements limités par l'eau et l'azote des deux espèces étudiées, à l'aide de données de suivis agronomiques réalisés au Sénégal entre 1989 et 1999. Enfin, une expérimentation virtuelle a été réalisée afin d'étudier l'impact des scénarios climatiques sur les rendements des cultures et leur variabilité interannuelle, sous 4 niveaux de fertilisation azotée. Les données disponibles pour la culture de l'arachide n'ont pas permis de réaliser un calage suffisant du modèle CELSIUS pour cette espèce : la RRMSE pour les rendements biomasse et grain est de 25 % et 57 % respectivement, et l'efficience du modèle atteint 23 % et 8 % respectivement. Les indicateurs de performance sont meilleurs pour le mil, avec une RRMSE (rendements biomasse et grain) de 23 % et 34 % respectivement, et une efficience de 71 % et 60 % respectivement. Seul le mil a été simulé pour l'analyse d'impact du changement climatique sur les rendements. Les principaux résultats semblent montrer que l'augmentation du niveau de fertilisation augmente les rendements simulés et leur variabilité interannuelle, pour chaque scénario climatique (futur et historique). La baisse des précipitations combinée à l'augmentation des températures dans les scénarios futurs provoque une baisse des rendements simulés de 5 % à 25 % selon les scénarios et niveaux de fertilisation, une augmentation de leur variabilité interannuelle et de l'occurrence de rendements nuls. En revanche, lorsque les précipitations augmentent conjointement à la température, les rendements simulés et leur variabilité interannuelle augmentent également. Cependant, les valeurs des écarts de rendement simulés sont presque systématiquement inférieures à la RRMSE du modèle. Lorsque le niveau de fertilisation augmente dans le(s) scénario(s) futur(s) par rapport au scénario historique, les écarts de rendements simulés sont systématiquement positifs, et supérieurs à la RRMSE du modèle. En conclusion, les variations de rendement simulé résultant du changement climatique, positives ou négatives, sont très inférieures aux variations positives de rendement qui pourraient résulter du recours à la fertilisation. Le risque économique encouru par les paysans à l'intensification des systèmes de culture par la fertilisation devrait être analysé afin de proposer des politiques offrant aux agriculteurs les moyens de s'adapter au changement climatique, notamment via la facilitation de l'accès aux intrants, dont le coût rend leur utilisation impossible pour certains aujourd'hui.
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- 2015
20. Model behavior for leaders
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GARCIA, LEO and STEWART, JEFF
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Business ,Business, international ,Forest products industry - Abstract
In project management, failure is usually not considered an option. A Leadership Decision Making Model can help give leaders the structure they need to ensure success for the project, the [...]
- Published
- 2000
21. 4D ultrasound speckle tracking of intra-fraction prostate motion: a phantom-based comparison with x-ray fiducial tracking using CyberKnife
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O’Shea, Tuathan P, primary, Garcia, Leo J, additional, Rosser, Karen E, additional, Harris, Emma J, additional, Evans, Philip M, additional, and Bamber, Jeffrey C, additional
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- 2014
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22. Retaining axial-lateral orthogonality in steered ultrasound data to improve image quality in reconstructed lateral displacement data
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Garcia, Leo, primary, Fromageau, Jérémie, additional, Housden, Richard J., additional, Treece, Graham M., additional, Uff, Christopher, additional, and Bamber, Jeffrey C., additional
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- 2011
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23. Elastographic contrast generation in optical coherence tomography from a localized shear stress
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Grimwood, Alex, primary, Garcia, Leo, additional, Bamber, Jeff, additional, Holmes, Jon, additional, Woolliams, Peter, additional, Tomlins, Pete, additional, and Pankhurst, Quentin A, additional
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- 2010
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24. Real-time ultrasound elastography in neurosurgery
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Uff, Christopher E, primary, Garcia, Leo, additional, Fromageau, Jeremie, additional, Dorward, Neil, additional, and Bamber, Jeffrey C, additional
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- 2009
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25. On the imaging of slip boundaries using 3D elastography
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Garcia, Leo J., primary, Uff, Christopher, additional, Fromageau, Jeremie, additional, and Bamber, Jeffrey C., additional
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- 2009
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26. Sowing -- and Harvesting -- Wild Oats in 1930s Redwood City
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Garcia, Leo L.
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Agriculture ,General interest ,News, opinion and commentary - Published
- 1998
27. Service crops functional markers explain soil water and nitrogen stocks at budburst in Mediterranean Vineyards. PoS1-46
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Garcia, Leo, Gaëlle DAMOUR, Martenot, Aurore, Ganganelli, Inti, Gary, Christian, Dorel, Marc, and Metay, Aurélie
- Abstract
In Mediterranean region, summer droughts are getting more intense with climate change, and water management is essential to avoid grapevine water and nitrogen (N) stress in order to maintain berry production (Celette and Gary 2013). Numerous studies have shown the potential of service crops for providing services in vineyards, eventually in relation to water and N supply (Garcia et al. 2018). Functional characterization is increasingly employed for cultivated ecosystems (Martin and Isaac 2015; Wood et al. 2015), with the hypothesis that functional markers could help us to predict the ecosystem services provided by cash crops and service crops (Damour et al. 2015). However, there is a lack of studies that assess the relations between functional markers and ecosystem services in field conditions. The aim of this study was to test the relations between functional markers of service crops in vineyards, and water and N stocks in soils. The experiment was carried out from 2016 to 2017 on a vineyard located in the South of France. Treatments consisted in 13 different service crop species and spontaneous vegetation in the inter-rows. Species were chosen to diversify botanical families, life cycles and growing behaviour. Service crops were sown on plots of 30m length in inter-rows. We studied plant communities of sown species and neighbouring weeds in three quadrats per treatment. At budburst, cover rate and aboveground biomass were recorded in all quadrats, and species were sort out to calculate their relative abundance. After biomass collection, soil cores were collected to measure soil water and N contents. Aboveground functional markers were measured on sown species and most frequent weeds (39 species in total) according to standardized protocols (Pérez-Harguindeguy et al. 2013). We recorded plant height, leaf area, leaf dry matter content, plant dry matter content, specific leaf area (SLA), carbon, N content and C/N ratio. Community weighted means (Garnier et al. 2004) were calculated for each marker to take into account species diversity in each quadrat. Cover rate and aboveground biomass were also included in the data analysis we performed to explain soil water and N stocks. Our results show that soil water and N stocks were related to the aboveground functional markers of the service crops and associated weeds. Different sets of markers were involved in water or N stocks relations, respectively. Among them, plant N content and C/N ratio best explained N stocks variations (28% and 19%, respectively), while most of water stock variability was explained by cover rate and total biomass (28% and 29%, respectively). These results suggest that functional characterization of service crops at plant scale is relevant to understand and predict some ecosystem services provided by service crops; however, simple indicators measured at plant community scale (e.g. cover rate and aboveground biomass) sufficiently accounts for differences in water provision at budburst.
28. Service crops root traits explain soil structural stability in Mediterranean vineyards. PS-6.2-04
- Author
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Garcia, Leo, Metay, Aurélie, Rivière, Elise, Fleureau, Nicolas, Ganganelli, Inti, Gary, Christian, and Gaëlle DAMOUR
- Abstract
In Mediterranean region, the climate is known for its heavy storms during spring and autumn, reaching high levels of rainfall intensity. Viticulture is one of the most erosion-prone land uses as the soils often present poor organic carbon levels, and tillage may be frequent to avoid competition between weeds and grapevines (Salomé et al., 2016). Moreover, this crop is often located on steep slopes, shallow soils, where rainfall generates runoff and soil losses. Numerous studies have shown that cover cropping is a relevant solution to limit runoff and increase soil aggregate stability and thus limit soil erosion (Garcia et al., 2018). The role of root traits to increase aggregate stability has been studied in grasslands or natural ecosystems, but few studies have explored the impact of plant traits in tilled agrosystems (Le Bissonnais et al., 2017). The aim of this study was to assess the respective role of root traits and soil characteristics in driving soil aggregate stability in Mediterranean vineyards. The experiment was carried out from 2016 to 2017 during one growing season, on a vineyard located in the South of France. Treatments consisted in 13 different service crop species and spontaneous vegetation in the inter-rows. Sown species were chosen to have a diversity of botanical families, life cycles, and growing behavior. Service crops were sown on plots of 30m length upon one row and the two adjacent inter-rows, under three contrasted soil management strategies since 2012: permanent vegetation, permanent tillage, and permanent vegetation tilled at n-1. At budburst, aboveground biomass was recorded in quadrats displayed in each treatment (38 quadrats in total). After biomass collection, two soil cores per quadrat were collected to measure root traits, inorganic nitrogen (N) content, soil organic carbon (SOC) and microbial biomass (MB). In each quadrat, soil sample in the 0-10 cm layer was collected to measure aggregates stability (3 repetitions per quadrat) and calculate mean weight diameter (MWD) of aggregates (Le Bissonnais, 1996). MWD values ranged from 0.31 mm (very unstable) to 1.19 mm (medium stable). Soil structural stability depended on previous soil management, and tillage strongly affected structural stability even after permanent vegetation and high SOC content. Overall, soil components and root traits equally contributed to soil structural stability. Root mean diameter and root mass density were positively correlated with MWD values, specific root length was negatively correlated with MWD values. Moreover, MWD values were higher under legumes species compared to graminoids species. These results suggest that in heavydisturbed ecosystems such as tilled vineyards, root traits are major factors explaining aggregates stability. Moreover, legumes species seemed more effective to increase aggregate stability. This could help vinegrowers for the choice of suited service crops to improve soil stability and resistance to erosion in vineyards.
29. 4D ultrasound speckle tracking of intra-fraction prostate motion: a phantom-based comparison with x-ray fiducial tracking using CyberKnife.
- Author
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O'Shea TP, Garcia LJ, Rosser KE, Harris EJ, Evans PM, and Bamber JC
- Subjects
- Dose Fractionation, Radiation, Humans, Male, Prostate physiopathology, Prostate surgery, Prostatic Neoplasms diagnostic imaging, Prostatic Neoplasms physiopathology, Prostatic Neoplasms surgery, Tomography, X-Ray Computed standards, Ultrasonography, Fiducial Markers, Imaging, Three-Dimensional instrumentation, Movement, Phantoms, Imaging, Prostate diagnostic imaging, Radiosurgery, Tomography, X-Ray Computed instrumentation
- Abstract
This study investigates the use of a mechanically-swept 3D ultrasound (3D-US) probe for soft-tissue displacement monitoring during prostate irradiation, with emphasis on quantifying the accuracy relative to CyberKnife® x-ray fiducial tracking. An US phantom, implanted with x-ray fiducial markers was placed on a motion platform and translated in 3D using five real prostate motion traces acquired using the Calypso system. Motion traces were representative of all types of motion as classified by studying Calypso data for 22 patients. The phantom was imaged using a 3D swept linear-array probe (to mimic trans-perineal imaging) and, subsequently, the kV x-ray imaging system on CyberKnife. A 3D cross-correlation block-matching algorithm was used to track speckle in the ultrasound data. Fiducial and US data were each compared with known phantom displacement. Trans-perineal 3D-US imaging could track superior-inferior (SI) and anterior-posterior (AP) motion to ≤0.81 mm root-mean-square error (RMSE) at a 1.7 Hz volume rate. The maximum kV x-ray tracking RMSE was 0.74 mm, however the prostate motion was sampled at a significantly lower imaging rate (mean: 0.04 Hz). Initial elevational (right-left; RL) US displacement estimates showed reduced accuracy but could be improved (RMSE <2.0 mm) using a correlation threshold in the ultrasound tracking code to remove erroneous inter-volume displacement estimates. Mechanically-swept 3D-US can track the major components of intra-fraction prostate motion accurately but exhibits some limitations. The largest US RMSE was for elevational (RL) motion. For the AP and SI axes, accuracy was sub-millimetre. It may be feasible to track prostate motion in 2D only. 3D-US also has the potential to improve high tracking accuracy for all motion types. It would be advisable to use US in conjunction with a small (∼2.0 mm) centre-of-mass displacement threshold in which case it would be possible to take full advantage of the accuracy and high imaging rate capability.
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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