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[Resumen]: El proyecto tiene como objetivo el diseño e implementación de una plataforma software para una empresa de administración de Comunidades de Propietarios (CC.PP) que permita administrar las llaves que posean de las mismas. Para conseguirlo, se desarrollará una aplicación móvil que permita a los empleados gestionar los préstamos de llaves a clientes y proveedores y crear incidencias para las llaves en caso de ser necesario. El objetivo principal de esta aplicación es agilizar el proceso de entrega de llaves y facilitar al cliente o proveedor información actualizada sobre el estado de la llave y el lugar concreto donde se encuentra la puerta. Por otra parte, se desarrollará una aplicación web Single Page Application (SPA) destinada a la posterior administración de las incidencias, usuarios y generación de listados. La aplicación web está pensada para poder realizar gestiones telefónicas a la vez que se cubre la información de una incidencia o verificar el estado de una llave en caso de que un cliente o proveedor esté interesado en retirarla. Ambas aplicaciones soportarán funcionalidades como la creación de CC.PP, bloques, llaves o generación de diferentes informes en Portable Document Format (PDF). Además, compartirán el mismo backend, que se compone de una Application Programming Interface (API) Representational State Transfer (REST) desarrollada en Java apoyándose en Spring Boot (con Hibernate, Java Persistence API (JPA) y PostgreSQL). Para el frontend, se hará uso de Flutter y como lenguaje se usará Dart., [Abstract]: The project aims to design and implement a software platform for a Community of Property Owners management company that allows the management of the keys they possess. To achieve this, a mobile application will be developed that allows employees to manage key loans to customers and suppliers and create incidents for the keys if necessary. The main goal of this application is to streamline the key delivery process and provide the customer or supplier with updated information on the status of the key and the specific location of the door. On the other hand, a SPA web application will be developed for the subsequent management of incidents, users and generation of lists. The web application is designed to be able to make telephone management while covering the information of an incident or checking the status of a key in case a customer or supplier is interested in retrieving it. Both applications will support functionalities such as the creation of Community of Property Owners, blocks, keys or the generation of different reports in PDF. Additionally, they will share the same backend, consisting of a REST API developed in Java using Spring Boot (with Hibernate, JPA and PostgreSQL). The frontend will be implemented using Flutter, with Dart as language.

La rehabilitación energética de edificios es, indudablemente, uno de los aspectos clave en la transición energética justa. El objetivo de este tipo de actuaciones no es únicamente la reducción del consumo de energía o de las emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero, sino también cuestiones fundamentales como la mejora de las condiciones de confort o combatir la pobreza energética. Sin embargo, la cuestión sobre la rehabilitación energética se ve afectada por importantes barreras que hacen que las tasas de rehabilitación sean radicalmente bajas. Algunas de estas barreras son de índole técnico, económico o legal pero también aparecen otras, de igual importancia, propias del proceso. Estas barreras están fundamentalmente relacionadas con la fragmentación de la cadena de valor, el reto de la integración de los intereses de los diferentes agentes o el uso de herramientas que reduzcan los tiempos del proceso a la vez que permitan encontrar las soluciones óptimas. La presente tesis doctoral ha trabajado en este ámbito con el objetivo de generar y validar un sistema de evaluación que permita dar soporte al proceso de toma de decisiones. Este sistema se basa en la integración de las prioridades de los actores involucrados en la cadena de valor, así como en la implementación de técnicas de decisión multi-criterio que permiten evaluar, comparar y optimizar las alternativas de diseño. Además, el enfoque de este sistema integra la cuestión de la escala, buscando maximizar los beneficios derivados de considerar el distrito como unidad energética. La tesis doctoral se presenta como compendio de publicaciones en revistas de impacto y, además, optando a la mención de Doctor Internacional., Departamento de Construcciones Arquitectónicas, Ingeniería del Terreno y Mecánica de los Medios Continuos y Teoría de Estructuras, Doctorado en Arquitectura

The objective of this research advance on the adverse effects that the North American returns of agricultural products exported by the Dominican Republic have had on the country's foreign exchange earnings during the 2008-2018 period. Addressing this issue opens the possibility of having a dimension of the seriousness of the problem and at the same time provides an opportunity for the country to apply the corresponding corrections, so that it can increase revenues, consolidate and strengthen the export sector, especially the Agricultural and increase the number of products sold in this important square. The problem is approached from a deductive approach, starting from the general towards the particular, where the research techniques of the documentary review, the interview and the observation have played a leading role in the gathering and examination of the relevant information, which have been processed and analyzed using new computer tools, the R econometric program, which have allowed the understanding of the object of study with which we could conclude that: The main reason for returning exports to the United States have to do with the presence of pesticides in 80% of them, 13% of the returns correspond to Salmonella, being the second reason for return according to FDA reports; On the other hand, from a sectoral analysis we were able to observe that the foreign exchange losses to the country are significant when compared with the exports of food products, but when relating the Current Balance, Total Exports and GDP, the foreign exchange losses are insignificant. In conclusion, these returns translate into economic, competitiveness and credibility losses for the Dominican Republic., El objetivo de la presente investigación es analizar efectos adversos que ha tenido el impacto en las devoluciones norteamericanas de productos agrícolas exportados por la República Dominicana en los ingresos de divisas del país durante el periodo 2008-2018. Abordar esta temática, abre la posibilidad de tener una dimensión de la gravedad del problema y al mismo tiempo brinda una oportunidad al país de aplicar los correctivos que correspondan, de modo que se puedan aumentar los ingresos, consolidar y fortalecer el sector exportador sobre todo el sector Agrícola y aumentar el número de productos comercializados en esta importante plaza, se aborda el problema desde un enfoque deductivo, partiendo de lo general hacia lo particular, en donde las técnicas de investigación como la revisión documental, la entrevista y la observación juegan un papel de primer orden en el levantamiento y examen de las informaciones relevantes, las cuales han sido procesadas y analizadas utilizando herramientas informáticas novedosas como el programa econométrico R, las cuales han permitido la comprensión del objeto de estudio, con el cual pudimos concluir que: La principal razón de devolución de las exportaciones hacia Estados Unidos tienen que ver con la presencia de pesticidas en un 80% de las mismas, el 13% de las devoluciones corresponden a Salmonella, siendo la segunda razón de devolución según reportes de la FDA; Por otro lado desde un análisis sectorial pudimos observar que las pérdidas de divisas al país son significativas si se les compara con las exportaciones de productos alimenticios pero al relacionar el Saldo Corriente, las Exportaciones Totales y el PIB, las pérdidas de divisas se muestran insignificantes. En conclusión, estas devoluciones se traducen en pérdidas económicas, de competitividad y de credibilidad para la Republica Dominicana.

Producción Científica, The evident need for improving the existing building stock still suffers from important barriers, such as the fragmentation of the value chain, the lack of information regarding some solutions, and the lack of confidence with respect to energy savings, which prevent unlocking investments, and the difficult communication among stakeholders. Therefore, new processes based on exploiting the potential of existing and new tools are required. In this framework, the OptEEmAL project has developed a tool that integrates stakeholders, data and tools in order to ease the process of designing energy efficient retrofitting projects at building and district scale. This tool works around an optimisation framework in order to evaluate, compare and optimise candidate retrofitting scenarios against a set of indicators showing the performance of the district. This evaluation and optimisation method is based on aggregating indicators through transforming the priorities of stakeholders into a mathematical weighting scheme, which makes it possible to provide scenarios within their expectations. Therefore, the generation of these scenarios is driven by their design parameters, being thus flexible and adapted to their needs. This paper shows the implementation of this tool and specifically 3 different prioritisation schemes, analysing how they impact into the decision making process and selection of the retrofitting strategy.

Producción Científica, Energy-efficient retrofitting of buildings has become essential to achieve the environmental objectives of the European Union’s (EU) strategies towards reducing carbon emissions and energy dependency on fossil fuels. When tackling retrofitting projects, the issue of scale becomes essential as sometimes this can determine the sustainability of the project. Therefore, a comprehensive approach is essential to ensure effective decision-making. A platform has been designed within the EU funded OptEEmAL project to support stakeholders in this process, providing functionalities that can automatically model and evaluate candidate retrofitting alternatives considering their priorities, targets and boundary conditions. A core element of this platform is the evaluation framework deployed which implements a multi-criteria decision-making approach to transform the priorities of stakeholders into quantifiable weights used to compare the alternatives. As a result, more informed decisions can be made by the stakeholders through a comprehensive evaluation of the candidate retrofitting scenarios. This paper presents the approach followed to develop and integrate this evaluation framework within the platform as well as its validation in a controlled environment to ensure its effectiveness.

[Background & aim]: A diet quality index (DQI) is a tool that provides an overall score of an individual's dietary intake when assessing compliance with food-based dietary guidelines. A number of DQIs have emerged, albeit their associations with health-related outcomes are debated. The aim of the present study was to assess whether adherence to dietary intervention, and the overall quality of the diet, can predict body composition changes., [Methods]: To this purpose, overweight/obese adolescents (n = 117, aged: 13–16 years; 51 males, 66 females) were recruited into a multi-component (diet, physical activity and psychological support) family-based group treatment programme. We measured the adolescents' compliance and body composition at baseline and after 2 months (intensive phase) and 13 months (extensive phase) of follow-up. Also, at baseline, after 6 months, and at the end of follow-up we calculated the DQI., [Results]: Global compliance with the dietary intervention was 37.4% during the intensive phase, and 14.3% during the extensive phase. Physical activity compliance was 94.1% at 2-months and 34.7% at 13months and psychological support compliance were growing over the intervention period (10.3% intensive phase and 45.3% during extensive phase). Adolescents complying with the meal frequency criteria at the end of the extensive phase had greater reductions in FMI z-scores than those did not complying (Cohen's d = 0.53). A statistically significant association was observed with the diet quality index. DQI-A variation explained 98.1% of BMI z-score changes and 95.1% of FMI changes., [Conclusions]: We conclude that assessment of changes in diet quality could be a useful tool in predicting body composition changes in obese adolescents involved in a diet and physical activity intervention programme backed-up by psychological and family support.

Producción Científica, Districts can be considered as a system of complex interconnections, interactions, relationships and flows. Therefore, a comprehensive approach is essential for effective decision-making with regards to energy efficiency improvement. When addressing interventions with a wider scale, the range of possible interventions is greater, as well as the possibilities of new business models to make bankable the interventions. However certain barriers can appear linked to the interactions among stakeholders, which are usually more complex than when tackling individual actuations. To overcome these barriers it is necessary to establish integrated and systemic methodologies able to support stakeholders to implement better collaboration approaches and carry out more informed decisions. These decisions should be based on a set of relevant indicators, calculated at district level, capturing the different stages that form the retrofitting process (from the diagnosis to the final assessment). This paper presents a holistic design methodology based on the application of a Multi-Criteria Decision Making approach that allows designing optimised solutions. This methodology is based on the evaluation of a set of District Sustainability Indicators while proposing an Integrated Project Delivery method improving the communications among stakeholders and, therefore, the decision-making process, This research work has been partially funded by the European Commission through the 7th Framework Programme; under the research project R2CITIES, Renovation of Residential urban spaces: towards nearly zero energy CITIES, Grant Agreement nº314473

The Smart Cities Information System (SCIS) is a knowledge platform to exchange data, experience and know-how and to collaborate on the creation of smart cities, providing a high quality of life for its citizens in a clean, energy efficient and climate friendly urban environment. SCIS brings together project developers, cities, research institutions, industry, experts and citizens from across Europe. On 17th May 2017 Professor Martin joined with international colleagues (Jorge Nuñez-Ferrer, Centre for European Policy Studies and Miguel Á. García-Fuentes, CARTIF Technology Centre) to discuss their experiences with non-technical challenges to which they have encountered. The aim being to provide recommendations to smart city stakeholders. Professor Martin's presentation centered around his development, implementation and experiences of the City-zen Roadshow. A co-creative design sustainability model that has worked with city stakeholders across Europe to develop a 'city vision'. This webinar presented the SCIS framework for addressing non-technical issues in the fields of Energy, Mobility & Transport and ICT in the context of smart cities. It showcased examples of main financial and economic barriers encountered by smart cities projects; regulatory and administrative barriers, and measures needed to promote social acceptance and uptake of technologies and solutions.

© 2015 Japan Pediatric Society. Background: Effective preventive interventions for both eating disorders and obesity in adolescence should be focused on shared risk factors. We analyzed the association between television (TV) viewing time and the risk of eating disorders, as well as the potential role of obesity in this association. Methods: The sample consisted of a total of 3458 Spanish adolescents, aged 13-18.5 years, from the Food and Assessment of the Nutritional Status of Adolescents (AVENA) and Physical Activity as a Preventive Measure of the Development of Overweight, Obesity, Allergies, Infections, and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Adolescents (AFINOS) studies. Adolescents' TV time was assessed by self-report. Body mass index was calculated and the adolescents were classified into non-overweight and overweight-obesity. The risk of eating disorders was evaluated using the SCOFF questionnaire. Results: Adolescents who watched TV >1 h/day had a higher risk for eating disorders, compared with those adolescents who watch TV <1 h/day. Also, overweight-obese adolescents had a higher risk for eating disorders than those who were non-overweight. Analyses across groups of TV viewing time and weight status showed similar trends, so that the higher the time spent in TV viewing, the higher the risk of eating disorders, regardless of weight status. Conclusions: TV viewing time might be a focal point for prevention of both eating disorders and obesity in adolescence.

Eating disorders (ED) can arise from a combination of biological and psychological factors. Some studies suggest that intellectual factors might be important in the development of ED, although the evidence is still scarce. The aim of this study was to examine the association between cognition measurements (cognitive performance and academic achievement) and the risk of developing ED in adolescents considering their weight status. The sample consisted of 3,307 adolescents (1,756 girls), aged 13-18.5 years, who participated in the AVENA (n¿=¿1,430; 783 girls) and AFINOS (n¿=¿1,877; 973 girls) studies. Cognitive performance was measured by the TEA test in the AVENA study, and academic achievement was self-reported in the AFINOS study. ED risk was evaluated in both studies by using the SCOFF questionnaire. Body mass index was calculated to classify adolescents as non-overweight or overweight (including obesity). Overweight adolescents showed a higher risk of developing ED than non-overweight ones in both studies. In the AVENA study, overweight boys with low performance in reasoning ability showed increased risk of ED (p¿=¿0.05). In the AFINOS study, overweight boys with low academic performance in physical education and non-overweight girls with low academic achievement in all the areas analyzed showed higher risk of ED than their peers (all p¿<¿0.05). CONCLUSION: No association between cognitive performance and ED risk was found in adolescents, while academic achievement was associated with ED risk, especially in non-overweight girls. The non-cognitive traits that accompany academic achievement could influence the likelihood of developing ED in these girls.

Este trabajo aborda la metodología seguida para llevar a cabo el proyecto de investigación PRONAF (Clinical Trials Gov.: number NCT01116856.) Background: At present, scientific consensus exists on the multifactorial etiopatogenia of obesity. Both professionals and researchers agree that treatment must also have a multifactorial approach, including diet, physical activity, pharmacology and/or surgical treatment. These two last ones should be reserved for those cases of morbid obesities or in case of failure of the previous ones. The aim of the PRONAF study is to determine what type of exercise combined with caloric restriction is the most appropriate to be included in overweigth and obesity intervention programs, and the aim of this paper is to describe the design and the evaluation methods used to carry out the PRONAF study. Methods/design: One-hundred nineteen overweight (46 males) and 120 obese (61 males) subjects aged 18–50 years were randomly assigned to a strength training group, an endurance training group, a combined strength + endurance training group or a diet and physical activity recommendations group. The intervention period was 22 weeks (in all cases 3 times/wk of training for 22 weeks and 2 weeks for pre and post evaluation). All subjects followed a hypocaloric diet (25-30% less energy intake than the daily energy expenditure estimated by accelerometry). 29–34% of the total energy intake came from fat, 14–20% from protein, and 50–55% from carbohydrates. The mayor outcome variables assesed were, biochemical and inflamatory markers, body composition, energy balance, physical fitness, nutritional habits, genetic profile and quality of life. 180 (75.3%) subjects finished the study, with a dropout rate of 24.7%. Dropout reasons included: personal reasons 17 (28.8%), low adherence to exercise 3 (5.1%), low adherence to diet 6 (10.2%), job change 6 (10.2%), and lost interest 27 (45.8%). Discussion: Feasibility of the study has been proven, with a low dropout

[Background]: Excessive television (TV) viewing might play an important role in the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD). The aim of this study was to examine the independent associations between TV viewing and CVD risk factors in adolescents. [Methods]: A sample of 425 adolescents, aged 13- to 18.5-year-old, was included in this study. Body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, apolipoprotein (apo) A-1, apo B-100, and lipoprotein(a) levels were determined. A composite CVD risk score was computed based on age-, sex-, sexual maturation- and race-standardized triglycerides, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and glucose. TV viewing was self-reported. [Results]: Two hundred and twenty-five adolescents (53%) who spent >3 hrs/day watching TV were considered as the "high TV viewing" group. Ninety-nine adolescents (23%) from the total sample were classified as overweight according to International age- and sex-specific BMI values. The high TV viewing group had significantly less favorable values of HDL-cholesterol, glucose, apo A1 and CVD score, independent of age, sex, sexual maturation, race and weight status. There was a significant interaction effect of TV viewing × weight status (P = 0.002) on WC, and the negative influence of TV viewing on WC persisted in the overweight group (P = 0.031) but was attenuated in non-overweight adolescents (P > 0.05). [Conclusion]: Excessive TV viewing seems to be related to an unfavorable CVD risk factors profile in adolescence. Reducing TV viewing in overweight adolescents might be beneficial to decrease abdominal body fat.

Background: The prevalence of overweight and obesity (OW/OB) among adolescents worldwide has increased since the 60 s. Spain has reached one of the highest OW/OB prevalence rates among adolescents from European countries. The aim of this methodological paper is to describe the design and evaluation in the EVASYON study (Development, implementation and evaluation of the efficacy of a therapeutic programme for adolescents with OW/OB: integral education on nutrition and physical activity). Methods/Design: The EVASYON was planned by a multidisciplinary team to treat OW/OB in Spanish adolescents. The EVASYON is a multi-centre study conducted in 5 hospitals in 5 Spanish cities (Granada, Madrid, Pamplona, Santander and Zaragoza) and two hundred and four OW/OB Spanish adolescents were recruited for this intervention. The treatment was implemented for approximately one-year follow-up. The adolescents were treated in groups of a maximum of 10 subjects; each group had 20 visits during the treatment period in two phases: intensive during the first 2 months (1st to 9th visits), and extensive during the last 11 months (10th to 20th visits). In order to assess the efficacy of the treatment, 8 dimensions were measured: diet; physical activity and fitness; eating behaviour; body composition; haematological profile; metabolic profile; minerals and vitamins; immuno-inflammatory markers. Moreover, genetic polymorphisms were also determined. Discussion: The treatment programme developed in the EVASYON study was designed as a national pilot study to be implemented as an effective treatment for adolescents with OW/OB into the Spanish Health Care Service.

[Objective]: To evaluate the effects of a multidisciplinary obesity treatment programme on fecal microbiota composition and immunoglobulin-coating bacteria in overweight and obese adolescents and their relationship to weight loss., [Design]: Longitudinal intervention study based on both a calorie-restricted diet (calorie reduction=10–40%) and increased physical activity (calorie expenditure=15–23 kcal/kg body weight per week) for 10 weeks., [Participants]: Thirty-nine overweight and obese adolescents (BMI mean 33.1 range 23.7–50.4; age mean 14.8 range, 13.0–16.0)., [Measurements]: BMI, BMI z-scores and plasma biochemical parameters were measured before and after the intervention. Fecal microbiota was analyzed by fluorescent in situ hybridization. Immunoglobulin-coating bacteria were detected using fluorescent-labelled F(ab')2 antihuman IgA, IgG and IgM., [Results]: Reductions in Clostridium histolyticum and E. rectale-C. coccoides proportions significantly correlated with weight and BMI z-score reductions in the whole adolescent population. Proportions of C. histolyticum, C. lituseburense and E. rectale-C. coccoides dropped significantly whereas those of the Bacteroides-Prevotella group increased after the intervention in those adolescents who lost more than 4 kg. Total fecal energy was almost significantly reduced in the same group of adolescents but not in the group that lost less than 2.5 kg. IgA-coating bacterial proportions also decreased significantly in participants who lost more than 6 kg after the intervention, paralleled to reductions in C. histolyticum and E. rectale-C. coccoides populations. E. rectale-C. coccoides proportions also correlated with weight loss and BMI z-score reduction in participants whose weight loss exceeded 4 kg., [Conclusions]: Specific gut bacteria and an associated IgA response were related to body weight changes in adolescents under lifestyle intervention. These results suggest interactions between diet, gut microbiota and host metabolism and immunity in obesity.

The aim of this study was to determine the influence of an obesity treatment program on the gut microbiota and body weight of overweight adolescents. Thirty-six adolescents (13–15 years), classified as overweight according to the International Obesity Task Force BMI criteria, were submitted to a calorie-restricted diet (10–40%) and increased physical activity (15–23 kcal/kg body weight/week) program over 10 weeks. Gut bacterial groups were analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR before and after the intervention. A group of subjects (n = 23) experienced >4.0 kg weight loss and showed significant BMI (P = 0.030) and BMI z-score (P = 0.035) reductions after the intervention, while the other group (n = 13) showed <2.0 kg weight loss. No significant differences in dietary intake were found between both groups. In the whole adolescent population, the intervention led to increased Bacteroides fragilis group (P = 0.001) and Lactobacillus group (P = 0.030) counts, and to decreased Clostridium coccoides group (P = 0.028), Bifidobacterium longum (P = 0.031), and Bifidobacterium adolescentis (P = 0.044) counts. In the high weight–loss group, B. fragilis group and Lactobacillus group counts also increased (P = 0.001 and P = 0.007, respectively), whereas C. coccoides group and B. longum counts decreased (P = 0.001 and P = 0.044, respectively) after the intervention. Total bacteria, B. fragilis group and Clostridium leptum group, and Bifidobacterium catenulatum group counts were significantly higher (P < 0.001–0.036) while levels of C. coccoides group, Lactobacillus group, Bifidobacterium, Bifidobacterium breve, and Bifidobacterium bifidum were significantly lower (P < 0.001–0.008) in the high weight–loss group than in the low weight–loss group before and after the intervention. These findings indicate that calorie restriction and physical activity have an impact on gut microbiota composition related to body weight loss, which also seem to be influenced by the individual's microbi

Es reproducción del documento publicado en http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2350-9-98, Background: There is increasing evidence indicating that genes involved in certain metabolic processes of cardiovascular diseases may be of particular influence in people with low body weight at birth. We examined whether the apolipoprotein (APO) E, APOC3 and the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma-2 (PPAR gamma 2) polymorphisms influence the association between low birth weight and blood lipid levels in healthy adolescents aged 13-18.5 years. Methods: A cross-sectional study of 502 Spanish adolescents born at term was conducted. Total (TC) and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLc), triglycerides (TG), apolipoprotein (apo) A and B, and lipoprotein(a) [ Lp(a)] were measured. Low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLc), TC-HDLc, TC/HDLc and apoB/apoA were calculated. Results: Low birth weight was associated with higher levels of TC, LDLc, apoB, Lp(a), TC-HDLc, TC/HDLc and apoB/apoA in males with the APOE epsilon 3 epsilon 4 genotype, whereas in females, it was associated with lower HDLc and higher TG levels. In males with the APOC3 S1/S2 genotype, low birth weight was associated with lower apoA and higher Lp(a), yet this association was not observed in females. There were no associations between low birth weight and blood lipids in any of the PPAR gamma 2 genotypes. Conclusion: The results indicate that low birth weight has a deleterious influence on lipid profile particularly in adolescents with the APOE epsilon 3/epsilon 4 genotype. These findings suggest that intrauterine environment interact with the genetic background affecting the lipid profile in later life.