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O crescente aumento da expectativa de vida da população tem levado ao proporcional aumento do número de idosos que necessitam de tratamento cirúrgico. A avaliação pré-operatória procura identificar e quantificar os possíveis fatores de risco e tomar atitudes para, se possível, corrigir ou prevenir as complicações relacionadas no pós-operatório. Os cuidados perioperatórios se tornam mais delicados com a idade pela gravidade da patologia cirúrgica, pela presença de comorbidades e pelas alterações do status funcional do idoso. Uma boa história, exame físico e exames básicos podem predizer com certa segurança os riscos perioperatórios. São utilizadas várias escalas para esta avaliação, mas destacaremos as principais utilizadas pelo Programa de Avaliação Perioperatória do Idoso (PROAPI) do Grupo de Interconsultas do Serviço de Geriatria do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (GIG-HC-FMUSP).

Abstract The present investigation aimed to assess the safety of photobiomodulation (PBM) on the oral carcinogenesis process induced by 4NQO, focusing on cell proliferation and apoptosis. Sixty-six Wistar rats received systemic 4NQO for 12 (n = 33) and 20 weeks (n = 33), divided into Control group, PBM 0.3 J, and PBM 1 J. Applications for PBM occurred three times a week. At weeks 12 and 20, the animals were euthanized. The immunoreactivity for anti-ROS1 and anti-p53 antibodies was also assessed. Statistical analysis was assessed by multiple t-tests, Kruskal-Wallis, and Spearman’s correlation. At 12 weeks, PBM 1 J group had nodular lesions, distinct from control and PBM 0.3 J groups (p = 0.005). At 20 weeks, nodular lesions were common in control and PBM 0.3 J groups. Histopathological characteristics did not significantly differ between groups at 12 (p = 0.30) and 20 weeks (p = 0.58). Epithelial dysplasia (n = 21) was common at 12 weeks. After 20 weeks, most of the cases revealed squamous cell carcinoma (n = 24). No differences were observed in the immunostaining of p53 and ROS1 among the control and experimental groups and there was no correlation of these proteins with clinicopathological data. During the carcinogenesis process, the PBM did not modify the development of oral lesions and the expression of proliferative and apoptosis proteins.

Abstract Background Helicobacter pylori infects the stomach and/or small intestines in more than half of the human population. Infection with H. pylori is the most common cause of chronic gastritis, which can lead to more severe gastroduodenal pathologies such as peptic ulcer, mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma, and gastric cancer. H. pylori infection is particularly concerning in Colombia in South America, where > 80% of the population is estimated to be infected with H. pylori and the rate of stomach cancer is one of the highest in the continent. Results We compared the antimicrobial susceptibility profiles and short-read genome sequences of five H. pylori isolates obtained from patients diagnosed with gastritis of varying severity (chronic gastritis, antral erosive gastritis, superficial gastritis) in Pereira, Colombia sampled in 2015. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests revealed the isolates to be resistant to at least one of the five antimicrobials tested: four isolates were resistant to metronidazole, two to clarithromycin, two to levofloxacin, and one to rifampin. All isolates were susceptible to tetracycline and amoxicillin. Comparative genome analyses revealed the presence of genes associated with efflux pump, restriction modification systems, phages and insertion sequences, and virulence genes including the cytotoxin genes cagA and vacA. The five genomes represent three novel sequence types. In the context of the Colombian and global populations, the five H. pylori isolates from Pereira were phylogenetically distant to each other but were closely related to other lineages circulating in the country. Conclusions H. pylori from gastritis of different severity varied in their antimicrobial susceptibility profiles and genome content. This knowledge will be useful in implementing appropriate eradication treatment regimens for specific types of gastritis. Understanding the genetic and phenotypic heterogeneity in H. pylori across the geographical landscape is critical in informing health policies for effective disease prevention and management that is most effective at local and country-wide scales. This is especially important in Colombia and other South American countries that are poorly represented in global genomic surveillance studies of bacterial pathogens.

The construction industry has been constantly expanding and is, consequently responsible for a high consumption volume of natural raw materials and for generating large amounts of waste. In detriment of this scenario, this research proposes the reuse of Construction and Demolition Waste (CDW), especially that from plaster for making mortars. The residue was thermo-activated at 650 °C for a period of 2h, a heating rate of 10 °C/min, it was crushed in a jaw crusher and passed through an ABNT N° 16 sieve. The mortars were prepared with a (cement:sand) ratio of 1:6 by mass, the sand was partially replaced by the residue in proportions of 0, 10, 20 and 30%, using Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC). Tests were carried out on consistency index, mass density, incorporated air content, isothermal calorimetry, water retention, mass density in the hardened state, flexural strength, compressive strength, water absorption and void index, in addition to testing techniques characterization, such as laser granulometry, pozzolanic activity using the Modified Chapelle method and Lúxan method, X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) as well as Mercury Intrusion Porosimetry (MIP). It was possible to observe that the residue has amorphous phases, through XRD and heterogeneous nucleation of smaller particles, proven by the calorimetry test, contributing to the increase in mechanical strength. The results indicate that the mixture with 30% replacement achieved a greater increase in mechanical strength, lower absorption rates and consequently, a reduction in the distribution of pore sizes.

The use of aquaponic systems has grown in recent years, but few of these systems have integrated the production of prawns and short-cycle vegetables. This study evaluated the potential for producing microgreens (beet, amaranth, arugula, and red cabbage) integrated with Amazon River prawns (Macrobrachium amazonicum) in an aquaponic system. Four seeding densities (5, 10, 15, or 20 seeds/cell) were assessed in two treatments: one using prawn wastewater and the other using plain dechlorinated water (control). Water quality, prawn growth performance, and microgreen productivity were monitored over 13 days, revealing optimal conditions for both prawns and microgreens in the aquaponic system. Amaranthus paniculatus yielded 374.00 g/m2 in prawn wastewater compared to 231.34 g/m2 in the control, while Beta vulgaris produced 1734.39 g/m2 in wastewater versus 1127.69 g/m2 in the control. Similarly, Brassica oleracea (2180.69 g/m2) and Eruca sativa (2109.46 g/m2) had higher yields in the prawn aquaponics system. These findings demonstrate that integrating prawn cultivation in aquaponic systems significantly enhances microgreen production compared to traditional methods. This integrated approach not only improves yields but also offers a more sustainable production model. Significant variation in productivity and growth metrics among species treatments underscores the viability and need for more systematic aquaponic procedures.

Brazil occupies a prominent position among the countries that produce the most ornamental stones in the world, with emphasis on the state of Espírito Santo. However, despite this success in production, the sector faces a considerable challenge in relation to waste generation. The objective of this study was to produce and evaluate the technological properties of an agglomerated stone using 87 wt% waste from the processing of Branco Fortaleza stone in a matrix with 13 wt% epoxy resin, using the vacuum vibro-thermo-compression process. The waste was characterized by X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The stones were subjected to evaluation of density, apparent porosity, water absorption, abrasion resistance test, staining, chemical attack, 3-point flexural strength and microstructural analysis (SEM). The results showed a density of 2.26 ± 0.02 g/cm3, water absorption of 0.24 ± 0.01%, apparent porosity of 0.55 ± 0.03%, abrasion resistance test of 1.38 mm and flexural strength of 30.13 ± 1.74 MPa. The results compared with the literature reveal a material with technical feasibility to be used as a coating in the construction sector, presenting high mechanical resistance, good interfacial adhesion, application on high traffic floors, as well as environments subject to liquid penetration such as sinks, floors and countertops. Using this waste to manufacturing new materials, such as agglomerated stones, can not only help reduce dependence on raw materials, but also play an important role in minimizing the environmental impact associated with the extraction and processing of natural stones.

Este artigo sustenta a necessidade de se discutir, no âmbito da educação jurídica brasileira, o estatuto das emoções em sala de aula. Demandas baseadas no desconforto emocional que os discentes experimentam quando expostos a alguns temas e atividades tornaram-se recorrentes a partir, sobretudo, das primeiras décadas do século XXI. Sustenta-se que essa sensibilidade pós-moderna é incompatível com a lógica moderna que ainda hoje estrutura o funcionamento das faculdades de Direito no Brasil. Esse ponto é apresentado a partir de críticas contemporâneas ao uso do método socrático. As principais referências teóricas são Sennet, 2015, Paul, R., et al, 2016, Sokoloff, 2020.

Objectives: Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyposis (CRSwNP) is a disease characterized by chronic inflammation and tissue remodeling process. The remodeling process in nasal polyps has mainly been studied by histology analysis. However, it is limited to a polyp fragment and requires tissue removal. The present study aims to evaluate the ability of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) to depict and characterize the remodeling process in patients with CRSwNP. Methods: 30 patients that met clinical diagnostic criteria for CRSwNP, without previous history of rhinosinusitis surgery were submitted to MRI scan (conventional, diffusion-weighted and DCE MRI) and compared with polyp tissue histological findings, IL-6 concentrations in the tissue and eosinophil count in the blood. The examinations were evaluated, independently, by two radiologists blinded to other radiological and histological data. The pathologist, blinded to MRI results, also compared the tissue sample from the most central and the most peripheral portion of the polypoid tissue adjacent to the floor of the nasal fossa. Results: This study demonstrated a characteristic pattern of nasal polyps, whose peripheral portions of nasal polypoid tissue are edematous, whereas the central portions in the middle meatus and in the middle and upper ethmoid are predominantly fibrotic. ADC values found in the most anterior portion of the polyps may be a marker for radiological phenotyping the remodeling process. This non-invasive analysis presented a high degree of agreement in the fibrosis and edema rating by two radiologists and the histological analysis was concordant with the MRI findings. The polyps were characterized as eosinophilic, and no relationship was found between the severity of the eosinophilic inflammatory process or concentration of IL-6 and the remodeling process. Conclusion: MRI by using T2-weighted imaging sequence and ADCs values allows tissue characterization and is an effective tool for the differentiation of edematous and fibrotic components in CRSwNP. Level of evidence: 3.

Este estudio investiga manifestaciones de microagresiones raciales, con énfasis en medir el trauma racial experimentado por estudiantes negros matriculados en cursos de biblioteconomía. El objetivo general es comprender cómo se manifiestan las microagresiones raciales en este contexto. Los objetivos específicos incluyen: 1) definición conceptual de microagresiones raciales y sus características; 2) categorización de las formas en que estas microagresiones se manifiestan en las interacciones; 3) aplicación de la Escala de Microagresión Racial en la Enseñanza de la Biblioteconomía (EMREB). Desde el punto de vista metodológico, se trata de una investigación aplicada, cualitativa, que utiliza métodos documentales, bibliográficos, exploratorios y descriptivos. El estudio se divide en tres fases: 1) revisión de la literatura; 2) aplicación de cuestionarios y análisis de resultados; 3) desarrollo y aplicación de la escala. El análisis y aplicación de la escala revelan la presencia de microagresiones, que se manifiestan a través de prácticas sutiles, mensajes verbales y no verbales llenos de desprecio, sexismo y racismo, perpetuados por profesores y colegas blancos en el ámbito de la clase. Las microagresiones más frecuentes caen en las categorías de Deslegitimación/Invalidación y Amenaza/Intimidación, y las formas de opresión se cruzan con la opresión de género, racial y sexual en la experiencia educativa de los estudiantes negros en la educación superior. Con la escala, se encontró que las microagresiones raciales tienen consecuencias traumáticas y, junto con las categorías de opresión observadas, tienen un impacto duradero en la vida de los estudiantes negros observados.

IntroductionThe intensification of tilapia production has increased animal density in tanks, leading to more frequent exposure to pathogenic agents and compromising the quality of fish products. Antimicrobial resistance is a global concern that affects human treatment, and sentinel microorganisms like Escherichia coli are crucial for monitoring production chains, especially in aquaculture, where research is still limited. The aim of this study was to identify the presence of E. coli and investigate its antimicrobial resistance profiles throughout the entire tilapia production chain.MethodsA total of 240 samples were collected from various points in the production process: carcasses before scaling (Ca), scaling wastewater (Sw), filleting wastewater (Fw), fillet washing wastewater (Tw), fillet handling surfaces (Su), and pre-packaged fillets (Pf). The samples were collected during 10 visits, each corresponding to animals from different farms. E. coli isolates were identified using MacConkey agar and biochemical tests. Phenotypic resistance profiles were determined using nine classes of antimicrobials. Extended- spectrum b-lactamase (ESBL) production was identified with ceftazidime and cefotaxime and confirmed by a double-disc synergy test. Isolates were classified as sensitive or resistant based on the inhibition zone. Multidrug-resistant (MDR) was defined as resistance to at least one agent in three or more antimicrobial categories, while extensively drug-resistant (XDR) was defined as resistance to at least one agent in all but two or fewer categories.ResultsOverall, 50.8% of the samples (122/240) tested positive for E. coli, with 403 isolates identified. Of these, 33% (133/403) were resistant to at least two antimicrobials, and 20% (48/240) of the samples had MDR isolates, with the highest frequency found at the filleting point (Fw), which also had the only XDR profile. Resistance was most commonly observed against amoxicillin (35.73%), tetracycline (30.77%), and ciprofloxacin (26.30%).DiscussionThese findings emphasize the importance of E. coli as an indicator of antimicrobial resistance throughout tilapia processing and highlight the need for good production practices and qualified technical support to mitigate risks to public health, animal health, and the environment.

Studies have revealed the efficacy of non-pharmacological therapeutic interventions in slowing or delaying the onset and evolution of symptoms. Among them is physical and cognitive stimulation (Ferretti, 2016; Hernandez, Coelho, Gobbi, & Stella, 2010), which, in turn, prevent motor inactivity through the practice of physical and cognitive exercises through the activation of specific neurological functions. So, the non-invasive brain activity modulation associated with the practice of physical exercises may improve elderlies' functional autonomy and cognition. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of non-invasive brain activity modulation technique, associated with the practice of physical exercises with high cognitive demand on the functional autonomy and cognitive variables of the elderly with mild cognitive impairments. The study was registered with the Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials (UTN Number: U1111-1249-0494). One hundred and forty elderly diagnosed with MCI, aged 60 or over, of both sexes, were divided into two groups. A control group (CG, n = 68, = 74.6, and an experimental group (EG, n=70, = 71.4 ) were formed. The cognitive and functional variables of participants were measured. Non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) and physical exercises with high cognitive demand were used for intervention. The CG participants remained with their normal activities, which included participation in the memory workshop activities. The EG had sessions once a week, with a mix of NIBS protocol and practice exercises with high cognitive demand. Both groups got a 7-week period between the evaluations. Although we did not find significant differences in all assessed variables (figure 1), the EG group had better functional development. In our study, there was no strict control as to the intensity of motor tasks and no addition of overload in order to actually stimulate physiological mechanisms responsible for promoting gains in physical variables. The intervention promoted a reduction of dementia effects, despite the lack of statistical significance, the EG obtained more positive results when compared to the CG.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease (Raskin et al., 2015). Noninvasive brain stimulation (NIBS) is another form of cognitive therapy that has received attention recently (Xu et al., 2019; Calomeni et al., 2017). To investigate whether a combination of Physical Exercise (PMED) and non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) can minimize some of the neurobiological impairments caused by Alzheimer's disease (AD). Eighty-eight older adults were divided into four groups (n=22), named GAE (AD receiving PMED plus NIBS), GCP (AD receiving PMED), GCN (AD receiving NIBS), and GCS (control. No intervention). Binaural beats are used in NIBS and PMED. BDNF and Tau proteins were determined from blood samples. Check alpha band and SMR rhythms by EEG. All surveys were blinded. Nonparametric tests with 5% significance and size effect tests were performed before and after the intervention. For GCS (p>0.05), no differences were found for all variables, and GCN and GCS showed no improvement in inhibitory control (p>0.05) or working memory (p>0.05). GCP and GAE increased executive function (p

IntroductionLeishmaniasis, a neglected tropical parasitic disease, is regarded as a major public health problem worldwide. The first-line drugs for leishmaniasis suffer from limitations related to toxicity and the development of resistance in certain parasitic strains. Therefore, the discovery of alternative treatments for leishmaniasis is imperative, and natural products represent a valuable source of potential therapeutic agents.MethodsThe present study aimed at finding new potential antileishmanial agents from the aerial parts of the medicinal plant Momordica charantia. This study was based on bioassay-guided fractionation of the M. charantia extract against promastigotes and amastigotes of Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis. The cytotoxicity of the extract, fractions, and isolated compounds were evaluated against peritoneal murine macrophages by employing the MTT assay for assessing cell metabolic activity.ResultsAntileishmanial assay-guided fractionation of the M. charantia extract led to the bioactive cucurbitacin-enriched fraction and the isolation of four bioactive cucurbitacin-type triterpenoids, which exhibited significant antileishmanial activity, with IC50 values between 2.11 and 3.25 μg.mL−1 against promastigote and amastigote forms, low toxicity and selectivity indexes ranging from 8.5 to 17.2.ConclusionOur findings demonstrate that the fractions and cucurbitacin-type triterpenoids obtained from the aerial parts of M. charantia are promising natural leishmanicidal candidates.