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Studies on digital rights in education have both gained attention and provided a framework for research, policy and practice in educational research within the field of educational technology. The potential benefits we appreciate in Internet use are inseparable from the maximum risks involved. Faced with this responsibility, individuals demand that their rights and freedoms be guaranteed in the digital environment according to their various roles as students, teachers, families or staff. This scoping review selects and analyses 54 theoretical and empirical studies from the last decade (2013-2023), identifying the main topics investigated as privacy protection in online environments, right to digital security or cybersecurity, and right to digital education. The review underscores the need to guide efforts towards digital education for citizens because the legal regulation of rights and responsibilities is necessary but insufficient. The paper also makes arguments about acceptance, limitations and implications for teacher training.

Artificial intelligence (AI) and computational sciences have aroused a growing interest in education. Despite its relatively recent history, AI is increasingly being introduced into the classroom through different modalities, with the aim of improving student achievement. Thus, the purpose of the research is to analyse, quantitatively and qualitatively, the impact of AI components and computational sciences on student performance. For this purpose, a systematic review and meta-analysis have been carried out in WOS and Scopus databases. After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, the sample was set at 25 articles. The results support the positive impact that AI and computational sciences have on student performance, finding a rise in their attitude towards learning and their motivation, especially in the STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) areas. Despite the multiple benefits provided, the implementation of these technologies in instructional processes involves a great educational and ethical challenge for teachers in relation to their design and implementation, which requires further analysis from the educational research. These findings are consistent at all educational stages.

Abstract This work presents a microwave resonant multi-parameter sensor devoted to the simultaneous extraction of three characteristics of a homogeneous solid sample: its dielectric permittivity, its loss tangent and its thickness. The device is composed of three coupled resonators in two different substrate boards, having the sample between the boards, in a sandwich configuration. Presence of the sample impacts the electrical response of the device, not only influencing resonators, but also by affecting inter-resonator couplings. A method to analyse the response of the device, allowing for the extraction of the desired characteristics of the sample is proposed, as well as an experimental calibration procedure. The model is built upon 990 simulations, calibrated with three reference-samples measurements and then tested over 18 experimental measurements, with good results, thereby validating the multi-parameter sensing approach.

Mexico City emits several thousands of tons of particle matter from transportation and other economic sectors. We collected PM2.5 samples from January to March 2015. The chemical analyses showed that PM2.5 is made up of 39% organic carbon, 12% elemental carbon, 23% metals (Al, Si, S, P, and K), and 5% heavy metals (Pb, Cr, Mn, Zn, and Hg). Ca and Fe were also present in trace concentrations, probably due to the resuspension of soils. Nitrate, sulfate, and ammonium suggest that the southwest of Mexico City, specifically the sampling site, receives more oxidated pollutants from vehicle emissions than other emissions. The chemical analyses show no significant changes in the composition or concentration of particle matter compared to previous studies.

The irruption of Information and Communication Technologies in society in general, and immersive technology, in particular, are playing an important role in the educational field, among other reasons, due to the way they favour the inclusion of students with Special Educational Needs. The main objective was to carry out a systematic review of the scientific production of the last decade (2012-2022) in relation to the use of Augmented and Virtual Reality in students with Special Education Needs. For this, a search was carried out in the Web of Science and Scopus databases following the PRISMA statement. The main results place these technologies as an appropriate intervention resource by expanding educational possibilities and opening learning opportunities in new contexts that significantly support the development of the teaching-learning process of these students. However, this study has demonstrated, at the same time, a significant lack of studies that can cover all Special Education Needs groups in the different educational stages.

Inclusion is one of the most important and emerging areas for school improvement. The purpose of this study was to explore the perception of high school students with the aim of determining whether there is a shared and inclusive education within their schools. An explanatory model was developed, based on the responses of 365 students from the participating high school, using a scale on inclusion that had already been used in the Spanish context. The results showed a high correlation between the perception of inclusion and factors such as the perception toward the supportive teacher, the need for help and the satisfaction perceived in the classroom. We analysed which potential factors proved to be good predictors of the results associated with the perception of educational inclusion obtained using this scale. The results showed that the students' perceptions of inclusion evolved negatively over different grades. In contrast, it was found that their perception toward the teachers was mediated by the existence of a special need and age, and was higher in those students who had experienced the Support Teacher directly or indirectly.

Background: Gamification is a novel active methodology used in Physical Education to motivate students. Purpose: This study analyzed the impact of this method on the motivation of Compulsory Secondary Education students in Spain during an 8-session Physical Education Didactic Unit. Methods: A total of 275 students participated, divided into a gamified group (n = 133) and a control group (n = 142). The participants filled out 2 questionnaires, one aimed at assessing Basic Psychological Needs (BPNs) (Basic Psychological Needs in Exercise Scale) and the other at measuring the motivational component (The Sport Motivation Scale). Results: An interaction effect (Time x Treatment) was found, with the gamified group improving in BPNs (autonomy (F(1) 57.97, p = <0.001; [eta][superscript 2][subscript p] = 0.175); competence (F(1) 37.28, p = <0.001; [eta][superscript 2][subscript p] = 0.120); relatedness (F(1) 51.49, p = <0.001; [eta][superscript 2][subscript p] = 0.159), and intrinsic motivation (F(1) 39.65, p = <0.001; [eta][superscript 2][subscript p] = 0.127), while decreasing in amotivation (F(1) 21.42, p = <0.001; [eta][superscript 2][subscript p] = 0.073)). Conclusions: These data suggest that a gamified intervention enhances the satisfaction of the basic psychological needs, increases intrinsic motivation, while decreases amotivation in secondary education students.

Immobilized yeast cells are used industrially in winemaking processes such as sparkling wine and Sherry wine production. Here, a novel approach has been explored for the infusion and immobilization of yeast cells into filamentous fungal pellets, which serve as a porous natural material. This was accomplished through vacuum application to force the yeast cells towards the core of the fungal pellets followed by culture in YPD medium to promote their growth from the interior. This method represents an improved variation of a previous approach for the assembly of yeast biocapsules, which entailed the co-culture of both fungal and yeast cells in the same medium. A comparison was made between both techniques in terms of biocapsule productivity, cell retention capacity, and cell biological activity through an alcoholic fermentation of a grape must. The results indicated a substantial increase in biocapsule productivity (37.40-fold), higher cell retention within the biocapsules (threefold), and reduction in cell leakage during fermentation (twofold). Although the majority of the chemical and sensory variables measured in the produced wine did not exhibit notable differences from those produced utilizing suspended yeast cells (conventional method), some differences (such as herbaceous and toasted smells, acidity, bitterness, and persistence) were perceived and wines positively evaluated by the sensory panel. As the immobilized cells remain functional and the encapsulation technique can be expanded to other microorganisms, it creates potential for additional industrial uses like biofuel, health applications, microbe encapsulation and delivery, bioremediation, and pharmacy. KEY POINTS: • New approach improves biocapsule productivity and cell retention. • Immobilized yeast remains functional in fermentation. • Wine made with immobilized yeast had positive sensory differences.

The production of phycobiliproteins, such as cyanobacterial phycocyanins, is a growing interest due to their diverse industrial and biotechnological applications. This study focuses on optimizing phycocyanin production using the strain Potamosiphon sp. through experimental techniques and mathematical modeling in fed-batch cultures. The methodology applied includes determining the kinetic constants by linearizing the Monod equation evaluating the concentrations of biomass, C-phycocyanin (C-PC), nitrates (NO3), and phosphates (PO4). A mathematical model of periodic fed-batch feeding was subsequently established, applying mass conservation principles and evaluating the accuracy of the Monod, Contois, Moser, and Tessier models. The results indicate that phycocyanin production is highly dependent on phosphorus and nitrogen concentrations, with optimal conversion observed at specific levels of these elements (0.832 for phosphorus and 0.805 for nitrogen in terms of C-PC and biomass, respectively). The Tessier model demonstrated the highest accuracy in predicting production and optimizing operational conditions, with a Mean Squared Error (MSE) of 0.005000 for biomass production, 0.200000 for C-PC production, and 0.000010 for substrate consumption. It also achieved high R² values of 0.980 for biomass, 0.999 for C-PC production, and 0.997 for substrate consumption. It presented the lowest Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) scores, indicating its robustness and reliability in modeling these processes and manipulating cultivation conditions and providing adequate nutrition allowed for achieving growth rates of 1.23 g/L and a C-PC concentration of 37 mg/L, which are essential for industrial applications such as natural colorants and antioxidants, among others.

A nuclear war, a volcanic eruption, or the impact of an asteroid or comet can reduce the amount of sunlight reaching the Earth's surface, upon which the global food system depends. Agricultural yields would plummet due to decreased temperatures and precipitation in an Abrupt Sunlight Reduction Scenario (ASRS). Argentina may play a crucial role if such an event were to occur. This article presents and models a set of response interventions that could prevent famine in Argentina, or even Latin America as a whole. These interventions include redirecting food used as raw materials in animal agriculture and biofuel production, rationing, crop relocation, simple greenhouse deployment, and algae cultivation, among others. Without appropriate adaptations, gross production could fall to 30% of the current level, proving insufficient for the Argentine population. Fortunately, the results indicate that even in a 150 Tg scenario, the adaptations would increase net production from a national famine situation (1500 kcal/day/person) to a production equivalent to 3 to 6 times the amount necessary for the population (7800 - 14000 kcal/day/person).

The choice of optional physical education could be conditioned by personal elements, such as goals or motivation, or contextual, such as perceived teaching behaviour. The aims of this study were to analyse the differences between students who chose (or not) Physical Education and to determine to what extent goal orientations, motivational regulations, and perceived teaching behaviors predict that decision. A sample of 756 adolescents from 14 public centres in Valencian Region enrolled in second grade of high school (Mage 17.06, SD = 0.75), of which 422 were girls (55.8%) participated in the study. Students who voluntarily chose Physical Education presented a different motivational profile, scored higher in all approximation goals (and avoidance), intrinsic motivation, identified and introjected and lower in amotivation. They also showed a marked profile in the teaching styles perceived in the subject in the past (support for autonomy and structured). Finally, the factor that best predicted this choice was the participatory behavior perceived by the student (teaching style supporting autonomy), followed by the orientation of the goal of approximation-task, dominant behaviors (negative), and intrinsic regulation.

Sherry wine is a pale-yellowish dry wine produced in Southern-Spain which features are mainly due to biological aging when the metabolism of biofilm-forming yeasts (flor yeasts) consumes ethanol (and other non-fermentable carbon sources) from a previous alcoholic fermentation, and produces volatile compounds such as acetaldehyde. To start aging and maintain the wine stability, a high alcohol content is required, which is achieved by the previous fermentation or by adding ethanol (fortification). Here, an alternative method is proposed which aims to produce a more economic, distinctive Sherry wine without fortification. For this, a flor yeast has been pre-acclimatized to glycerol consumption against ethanol, and later confined in a fungal-based immobilization system known as microbial biocapsules, to facilitate its inoculum. Once aged, the wines produced using biocapsules and free yeasts (the conventional method) exhibited chemical differences in terms of acidity and volatile concentrations. These differences were evaluated positively by a sensory panel. Pre-acclimatization of flor yeasts to glycerol consumption was not successful but when cells were immobilized in fungal pellets, ethanol consumption was lower. We believe that immobilization of flor yeasts in microbial biocapsules is an economic technique that can be used to produce high quality differentiated Sherry wines.

The ubiquity of digital technology in society and school demands that teachers and students explore various pedagogical approaches to make use of those technologies in a fruitful way in order to enhance students' educational outcomes. One approach emerging in the field of physical education (PE) is the pedagogical approach called flipped classroom (FC). The first purpose of this study was to assess the effects of the application of an FC approach on 284 Spanish secondary PE students regarding learning of the conceptual content of the activity itself, in this case volleyball. The second purpose was to assess how this intervention affected their motivation from an SDT perspective. Through a quantitative approach, positive results were found regarding the positive development of autonomous motivation and cognitive learning among students following an FC approach. These results were compared to a control group following a traditional approach to PE, highlighting the relevance of the methodology applied. The findings of the present study would be valuable for policymakers and stakeholders looking to promote the integration of digital technology into PE as part of enhancing the outcomes of PE for all students and thus contributing to quality and sustainable education.

Background: Beef ranks third in consumption in the Mexican market, where the diversity in supply sources and management systems used in production units is notable. This diversity is reflected in the health and welfare conditions of cattle. Objective: To evaluate health indicators of dual-purpose cattle in Michoacán, Mexico, aiming to promote quality in the meat industry. Methodology: Data were collected using the protocol adapted from UC Davis Cow-Calf Health and Handling. Bivariate and multivariate statistical techniques (principal component analysis and cluster analysis) were applied to analyze the data. Results: Six factors explain the cattle's current and past health conditions. From these, three groups of cattle were obtained with statistically significant differences in eight key indicators. Group 1 (G1) was characterized by good body condition and favorable past health status. Group 2 (G2) showed recent health problems, skin lesions, wildlife attacks, and parasitosis. Group 3 (G3) presented moderate conditions regarding past and recent health. Implications: This study provides a foundation for designing tools to enhance livestock living conditions by identifying and addressing individuals with poor health and welfare. These actions benefit livestock and directly improve the quality of meat derived from them. Conclusions: Group 2 (G2) was identified as having the greatest health problems, while G3 showed intermediate conditions and G1 grouped cattle with better health indicators. These findings underscore the importance of implementing improved animal health and welfare practices in production units to enhance the quality of meat produced.