204 results on '"García-Ibáñez, Maribel I."'
Search Results
2. Detection and quantification of CO2 seepage in seawater using the stoichiometric Cseep method: Results from a recent subsea CO2 release experiment in the North Sea
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Omar, Abdirahman M., García-Ibáñez, Maribel I., Schaap, Allison, Oleynik, Anna, Esposito, Mario, Jeansson, Emil, Loucaides, Socratis, Thomas, Helmuth, and Alendal, Guttorm
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- 2021
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3. Cold-water corals in the Subpolar North Atlantic Ocean exposed to aragonite undersaturation if the 2 °C global warming target is not met
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García-Ibáñez, Maribel I., Bates, Nicholas R., Bakker, Dorothee C.E., Fontela, Marcos, and Velo, Antón
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- 2021
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4. Random and systematic uncertainty in ship‐based seawater carbonate chemistry observations
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Carter, Brendan R., Sharp, Jonathan D., García‐Ibáñez, Maribel I., Woosley, Ryan J., Fong, Michael B., Álvarez, Marta, Barbero, Leticia, Clegg, Simon L., Easley, Regina, Fassbender, Andrea J., Li, Xinyu, Schockman, Katelyn M., and Wang, Zhaohui Aleck
- Abstract
Seawater carbonate chemistry observations are increasingly necessary to study a broad array of oceanographic challenges such as ocean acidification, carbon inventory tracking, and assessment of marine carbon dioxide removal strategies. The uncertainty in a seawater carbonate chemistry observation comes from unknown random variations and systematic offsets. Here, we estimate the magnitudes of these random and systematic components of uncertainty for the discrete open‐ocean carbonate chemistry measurements in the Global Ocean Data Analysis Project 2022 update (GLODAPv2.2022). We use both an uncertainty propagation approach and a carbonate chemistry measurement “inter‐consistency” approach that quantifies the disagreement between measured carbonate chemistry variables and calculations of the same variables from other carbonate chemistry measurements. Our inter‐consistency analysis reveals that the seawater carbonate chemistry measurement community has collected and released data with a random uncertainty that averages about 1.7 times the uncertainty estimated by propagating the desired “climate‐quality” random uncertainties. However, we obtain differing random uncertainty estimates for subsets of the available data, with some subsets seemingly meeting the climate‐quality criteria. We find that seawater pH measurements on the total scale do not meet the climate‐quality criteria, though the inter‐consistency of these measurements improves (by 38%) when limited to the subset of measurements made using purified indicator dyes. We show that GLODAPv2 adjustments improve inter‐consistency for some subsets of the measurements while worsening it for others. Finally, we provide general guidance for quantifying the random uncertainty that applies for common combinations of measured and calculated values.
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- 2024
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5. Uncertainty sources for measurable ocean carbonate chemistry variables
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National Science Foundation (US), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (US), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (US), Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (Australia), University of South Florida, Miami University, Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Cooperative Institute for Climate, Ocean, and Ecosystem Studies, Cooperative Institute For Marine And Atmospheric Studies (US), Carter, Brendan R., Sharp, Jonathan D., Dickson, Andrew G., Álvarez-Rodríguez, Marta, Fong, Michael B., García-Ibáñez, Maribel I., Woosley, Ryan J., Takeshita, Yuichiro, Barbero, Leticia, Byrne, Robert H., Cai, Wei-Jun, Chierici, Melissa, Clegg, Simon L., Easley, Regina A., Fassbender, Andrea J., Fleger, Kalla L., Li, Xinyu, Martín-Mayor, Macarena, Schockman ,Katelyn M., Wang, Zhaohui Aleck, National Science Foundation (US), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (US), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (US), Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (Australia), University of South Florida, Miami University, Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Cooperative Institute for Climate, Ocean, and Ecosystem Studies, Cooperative Institute For Marine And Atmospheric Studies (US), Carter, Brendan R., Sharp, Jonathan D., Dickson, Andrew G., Álvarez-Rodríguez, Marta, Fong, Michael B., García-Ibáñez, Maribel I., Woosley, Ryan J., Takeshita, Yuichiro, Barbero, Leticia, Byrne, Robert H., Cai, Wei-Jun, Chierici, Melissa, Clegg, Simon L., Easley, Regina A., Fassbender, Andrea J., Fleger, Kalla L., Li, Xinyu, Martín-Mayor, Macarena, Schockman ,Katelyn M., and Wang, Zhaohui Aleck
- Abstract
The ocean carbonate system is critical to monitor because it plays a major role in regulating Earth's climate and marine ecosystems. It is monitored using a variety of measurements, and it is commonly understood that all components of seawater carbonate chemistry can be calculated when at least two carbonate system variables are measured. However, several recent studies have highlighted systematic discrepancies between calculated and directly measured carbonate chemistry variables and these discrepancies have large implications for efforts to measure and quantify the changing ocean carbon cycle. Given this, the Ocean Carbonate System Intercomparison Forum (OCSIF) was formed as a working group through the Ocean Carbon and Biogeochemistry program to coordinate and recommend research to quantify and/or reduce uncertainties and disagreements in measurable seawater carbonate system measurements and calculations, identify unknown or overlooked sources of these uncertainties, and provide recommendations for making progress on community efforts despite these uncertainties. With this paper we aim to (1) summarize recent progress toward quantifying and reducing carbonate system uncertainties; (2) advocate for research to further reduce and better quantify carbonate system measurement uncertainties; (3) present a small amount of new data, metadata, and analysis related to uncertainties in carbonate system measurements; and (4) restate and explain the rationales behind several OCSIF recommendations. We focus on open ocean carbonate chemistry, and caution that the considerations we discuss become further complicated in coastal, estuarine, and sedimentary environments
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- 2024
6. Two new coastal time-series of seawater carbonate system variables in the NW Mediterranean Sea: rates and mechanisms controlling pH changes
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European Commission, Ministerio de Transición Ecológica (España), Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Generalitat de Catalunya, García-Ibáñez, Maribel I., Fernández-Guallart, Elisa, Lucas Forcadell, Arturo, Pascual, Josep, Gasol, Josep M., Marrasé, Cèlia, Calvo, Eva María, Pelejero, Carles, European Commission, Ministerio de Transición Ecológica (España), Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Generalitat de Catalunya, García-Ibáñez, Maribel I., Fernández-Guallart, Elisa, Lucas Forcadell, Arturo, Pascual, Josep, Gasol, Josep M., Marrasé, Cèlia, Calvo, Eva María, and Pelejero, Carles
- Abstract
In this work, we present, for the first time, the seawater carbonate system measurements of two coastal time-series in the NW Mediterranean Sea, L’Estartit Oceanographic Station (EOS; 42.05°N 3.2542°E) and the Blanes Bay Microbial Observatory (BBMO; 41.665°N 2.805°E). At these two time-series, measurements of total alkalinity (TA), pH, and associated variables, such as dissolved inorganic nutrients, temperature, and salinity, have been performed monthly since 2010 in surface seawater. Seasonality and seasonal amplitude are analogous in both time-series, with seasonality in pHT in situ(pH at in situ seawater conditions on the total hydrogen ion scale) primarily determined by seasonality in sea surface temperature. The evaluated pHT in situtrends at BBMO (-0.0021 ± 0.0003 yr-1) and EOS (-0.0028 ± 0.0005 yr-1) agree with those reported for coastal and open ocean surface waters in the Mediterranean Sea and open ocean surface waters of the global ocean, therefore indicating that these time-series are representative of global ocean acidification signals despite being coastal. The decreases in pHT in situcan be attributed to increases in total dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC; 1.5 ± 0.4 µmol kg-1 yr-1 at BBMO and 1.6 ± 0.6 µmolESkg-1 yr-1 at EOS) and sea surface temperature (0.08 ± 0.02 °C yr-1 at BBMO and 0.08 ± 0.04 °C yr-1 at EOS). The increases in carbon dioxide fugacity (fCO2; 2.4 ± 0.3 µmol kg-1 yr-1 at BBMO and 2.9 ± 0.6 µmol kg-1 yr-1 at EOS) follow the atmospheric CO2 forcing, thus indicating the observed DIC increase is related to anthropogenic CO2 uptake. The increasing trends in TA (1.2 ± 0.3 µmol kg-1 yr-1 at BBMO and 1.0 ± 0.5 µmol kg-1 yr-1 at EOS) buffered the acidification rates, counteracting 60% and 72% of the pHT in situdecrease caused by increasing DIC at EOS and BBMO, respectively. Once accounted for the neutralizing effect of TA increase, the rapid sea surface warming plays a larger role in the observed pH decreases (43% at EOS and 62% at BBMO) than t
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- 2024
7. Seawater Carbonate System Variables in the Surface Waters of Two Time-Series in the NW Mediterranean Sea with Monthly Sampling: L'Estartit Oceanographic Station (EOS; 22/01/2010 to 23/08/2019) and the Blanes Bay Microbial Observatory (BBMO; 22/12/2009 to 02/08/2022) [Dataset]
- Author
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European Commission, Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Ministerio para la Transición Ecológica y el Reto Demográfico (España), Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Generalitat de Catalunya, García-Ibáñez, Maribel I., Fernández-Guallart, Elisa, Lucas Forcadell, Arturo, Pascual, Josep, Gasol, Josep M., Marrasé, Cèlia, Calvo, Eva María, Pelejero, Carles, European Commission, Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Ministerio para la Transición Ecológica y el Reto Demográfico (España), Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Generalitat de Catalunya, García-Ibáñez, Maribel I., Fernández-Guallart, Elisa, Lucas Forcadell, Arturo, Pascual, Josep, Gasol, Josep M., Marrasé, Cèlia, Calvo, Eva María, and Pelejero, Carles
- Abstract
The database provides discrete measurements of seawater carbonate system variables (pH and total alkalinity) and ancillary variables (dissolved inorganic nutrients, temperature, salinity, and pressure) in surface seawater collected at two time-series stations, EOS and BBMO, conducted over 2009–2022. The database compiles all the information, measurements, and analysis performed (including date, location, and equipment used). All chemical analyses were assigned a quality indicator. At the two time-series stations, monthly sampling of surface seawater was performed. BBMO temperature and salinity were measured with a SAIV-A/S-SD204 CTD, while at EOS temperature was measured with reversible thermometers and salinity was measured with two CTDs, a SAIV-A/S-SD204 CTD and a CTD75M. For consistency between BBMO and EOS datasets, the salinity record obtained with the SAIV-A/S-SD204 CTD is considered in this study. When salinity values from the SAIV-A/S-SD204 CTD were missing, salinity values from CTD75M were used. The salinity records obtained with the two CTDs were quality controlled and calibrated to obtain a consistent dataset. Discrete seawater samples for pH, TA, and dissolved inorganic nutrients were taken monthly from a depth of 0.5 m both stations (with a Niskin bottle at EOS and in 10 L polyethylene carboys at BBMO). The biogeochemical variables shown in the database are pH reported on the total hydrogen ion scale at 25 °C (PH_TOT), total alkalinity (ALKALI), and dissolved inorganic nutrients (phosphate, PHSPHT, Silicate, SILCAT, and Nitrate, NITRAT). PH_TOT data were obtained by the spectrophotometric method with m-cresol purple using a Cary 100 UV-vis spectrophotometer containing a 25 °C-thermostated cells holder following Clayton and Byrne (1993). Triplicate samples were taken. At EOS, three cylindrical optical glass cells with a 10 cm path-length were filled directly from the Niskin bottle right after reaching land, ready to be analyzed in the next 3–4 hrs. At BB
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- 2024
8. Purified meta-Cresol Purple dye perturbation: How it influences spectrophotometric pH measurements
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Li, Xinyu, García-Ibáñez, Maribel I., Carter, Brendan R., Chen, Baoshan, Li, Qian, Easley, Regina A., and Cai, Wei-Jun
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- 2020
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9. Optimal sensors placement for detecting CO2 discharges from unknown locations on the seafloor
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Oleynik, Anna, García-Ibáñez, Maribel I., Blaser, Nello, Omar, Abdirahman, and Alendal, Guttorm
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- 2020
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10. Interventions to prevent pandemic-driven diversity loss
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Fisher, Ben J., Shiggins, Connor J., Naylor, Angus W., Rawlins, Lauren D., Tallentire, Guy D., van den Heuvel, Floor, Poku, Craig, García-Ibáñez, Maribel I., Debyser, Margot, and Buckingham, Jack
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- 2021
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11. Uncertainty sources for measurable ocean carbonate chemistry variables.
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Carter, Brendan R., Sharp, Jonathan D., Dickson, Andrew G., Álvarez, Marta, Fong, Michael B., García‐Ibáñez, Maribel I., Woosley, Ryan J., Takeshita, Yuichiro, Barbero, Leticia, Byrne, Robert H., Cai, Wei‐Jun, Chierici, Melissa, Clegg, Simon L., Easley, Regina A., Fassbender, Andrea J., Fleger, Kalla L., Li, Xinyu, Martín‐Mayor, Macarena, Schockman, Katelyn M., and Wang, Zhaohui Aleck
- Subjects
OCEAN ,MARINE ecology ,CARBONATE minerals ,CARBON cycle ,CARBONATES ,BIOGEOCHEMISTRY - Abstract
The ocean carbonate system is critical to monitor because it plays a major role in regulating Earth's climate and marine ecosystems. It is monitored using a variety of measurements, and it is commonly understood that all components of seawater carbonate chemistry can be calculated when at least two carbonate system variables are measured. However, several recent studies have highlighted systematic discrepancies between calculated and directly measured carbonate chemistry variables and these discrepancies have large implications for efforts to measure and quantify the changing ocean carbon cycle. Given this, the Ocean Carbonate System Intercomparison Forum (OCSIF) was formed as a working group through the Ocean Carbon and Biogeochemistry program to coordinate and recommend research to quantify and/or reduce uncertainties and disagreements in measurable seawater carbonate system measurements and calculations, identify unknown or overlooked sources of these uncertainties, and provide recommendations for making progress on community efforts despite these uncertainties. With this paper we aim to (1) summarize recent progress toward quantifying and reducing carbonate system uncertainties; (2) advocate for research to further reduce and better quantify carbonate system measurement uncertainties; (3) present a small amount of new data, metadata, and analysis related to uncertainties in carbonate system measurements; and (4) restate and explain the rationales behind several OCSIF recommendations. We focus on open ocean carbonate chemistry, and caution that the considerations we discuss become further complicated in coastal, estuarine, and sedimentary environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. L’acidificació del mar Mediterrani
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García-Ibáñez, Maribel I. and García-Ibáñez, Maribel I.
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- 2023
13. Coastal ocean acidification variability in the northwestern Mediterranean Sea
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Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Generalitat de Catalunya, García-Ibáñez, Maribel I., Fernández-Guallart, Elisa, Lucas Forcadell, Arturo, Pascual, Josep, Gasol, Josep M., Marrasé, Cèlia, Calvo, Eva María, Pelejero, Carles, Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Generalitat de Catalunya, García-Ibáñez, Maribel I., Fernández-Guallart, Elisa, Lucas Forcadell, Arturo, Pascual, Josep, Gasol, Josep M., Marrasé, Cèlia, Calvo, Eva María, and Pelejero, Carles
- Abstract
Coastal regions exhibit a wide range of pH changes resulting from multiple factors with high spatiotemporal variability, hindering the detection of anthropogenically-driven ocean acidification signals. In this work, we evaluate the seasonal and long-term ocean acidification changes and their drivers in surface waters of two coastal time-series in the northwestern Mediterranean Sea: L'Estartit Oceanographic Station (EOS; 42.05N 3.2542E) and Blanes Bay Microbial Observatory (BBMO; 41.665N 2.805E). These two coastal time-series are located off the coast of Girona (Spain) ~60 km apart, being EOS farther from the coast than BBMO (~3.5 km and ~850 m, respectively), with the former being by a natural reserve and the latter outside a port area; therefore land-ocean interactions and anthropogenic activities should lead to higher variability at BBMO than at EOS. In these two time-series stations, measurements of total alkalinity (TA) and pH and associated variables, such as inorganic nutrients, temperature and salinity, have been performed monthly since 2010. We also assess the impact of distance to land and monitoring frequency on the detection of anthropogenically-driven ocean acidification signals in coastal time-series by comparing our results with those from the French coastal time-series station Point B (43.686N 7.316E; ~400 m from the coast of Villefranche-sur-Mer), also in the northwestern Mediterranean Sea and influenced by the same surface currents as EOS and BBMO, but where total dissolved inorganic carbon and TA are measured weekly
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- 2023
14. Structure, transports and transformations of the water masses in the Atlantic Subpolar Gyre
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García-Ibáñez, Maribel I., Pardo, Paula C., Carracedo, Lidia I., Mercier, Herlé, Lherminier, Pascale, Ríos, Aida F., and Pérez, Fiz F.
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- 2015
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15. Decadal acidification in the water masses of the Atlantic Ocean
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Ríos, Aida F., Resplandy, Laure, García-Ibáñez, Maribel I., Fajar, Noelia M., Velo, Anton, Padin, Xose A., Wanninkhof, Rik, Steinfeldt, Reiner, Rosón, Gabriel, and Pérez, Fiz F.
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- 2015
16. Ten years of Spanish ion carbonate data in the North Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea
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CSIC - Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (España), European Commission, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Álvarez-Rodríguez, Marta [0000-0002-5075-9344], Pérez, Fiz F. [0000-0003-4836-8974], Fernández-Guallart, E. [0000-0003-2965-6671], Fajar, Noelia [0000-0001-9560-4381], García-Ibáñez, Maribel I. [0000-0001-5218-0064], Santiago, Rocío [0000-0003-3318-5200], El Rahman Hassoun, Abed [0000-0003-1940-215X], Álvarez-Rodríguez, Marta, Pérez, Fiz F., Fernández-Guallart, E., Castaño, Mónica, Fajar, Noelia, García-Ibáñez, Maribel I., Santiago, Rocío, El Rahman Hassoun, Abed, CSIC - Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (España), European Commission, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Álvarez-Rodríguez, Marta [0000-0002-5075-9344], Pérez, Fiz F. [0000-0003-4836-8974], Fernández-Guallart, E. [0000-0003-2965-6671], Fajar, Noelia [0000-0001-9560-4381], García-Ibáñez, Maribel I. [0000-0001-5218-0064], Santiago, Rocío [0000-0003-3318-5200], El Rahman Hassoun, Abed [0000-0003-1940-215X], Álvarez-Rodríguez, Marta, Pérez, Fiz F., Fernández-Guallart, E., Castaño, Mónica, Fajar, Noelia, García-Ibáñez, Maribel I., Santiago, Rocío, and El Rahman Hassoun, Abed
- Abstract
Concentration of ion carbonate has become the fifth measurable variable of the seawater CO2 system since the publication of the work by Byrne and Yao (2008) introducing a spectrophotometric method similar to the standard pH procedure. However, opposite to pH, the ion carbonate method has been refined and updated in a series of works(Easley et al., 2013; Patsavas et al., 2015; Sharp et al., 2017 and Sharp and Byrne, 2019) that introduced modifications in the equations relating the UV absorbance measurements and the final ion carbonate concentration, the reagent used and other details. Except for the USA seminal research group, and the two Spanish teams at the IEO A Coruña and IIM-CSIC, no other oceanographic group has published research data using the ion carbonate spectrophotometric methods. The work by Fajar et al. (2015) used a collection of Spanish cruises from 2009 to 2014 to compare the initial spectrophotometric ion carbonate methods by Byrne and Yao (2008) and Easley et al. (2013)., The current database comprises a set of 9 one-time cruises and one coastal time-series run by the above-mentioned Spanish CO2 research groups, expanding from 2009 to 2020, where ancillary and CO2 measurements (pH, total alkalinity and total inorganic carbon) have been performed, along with spectrophotometric measurements of ion carbonate, which followed the time evolution of the ion carbonate published approaches. The database compiles all the information (cruise identification, time, location, equipment used), measurements and analysis (pressure, temperature, salinity, pH, total alkalinity, total inorganic carbon, silicate and phosphate, UV absorbance ratios for spectrophotometric ion carbonate measurements from two different reagents [PbCl2 and Pb(ClO4)2] needed to perform any CO2 internal consistency analysis. All chemical analysis were assigned a quality indicator
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- 2021
17. Role of Technology in Ocean Acidification: Monitoring, Water-Quality Impairments, CO 2 Mitigation, and Machine Learning
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Turk, Daniela, primary, Bednaršek, Nina, additional, Evans, Wiley, additional, García-Ibáñez, Maribel I., additional, Hales, Burke, additional, and Cross, Jessica, additional
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- 2017
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18. Spectrophotometric Measurement of Carbonate Ion in Seawater over a Decade: Dealing with Inconsistencies
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F. Guallart, Elisa, primary, Fajar, Noelia M., additional, García-Ibáñez, Maribel I., additional, Castaño-Carrera, Mónica, additional, Santiago-Doménech, Rocío, additional, Hassoun, Abed El Rahman, additional, F. Pérez, Fiz, additional, Easley, Regina A., additional, and Álvarez, Marta, additional
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- 2022
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19. The 2014 Greenland-Portugal GEOVIDE bottle data (GO-SHIP A25 and GEOTRACES GA01)
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Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), European Commission, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (France), Pérez, Fiz F. [0000-0003-4836-8974], Tréguer, Paul [0000-0001-9043-0343], Branellec, Pierre [0000-0001-6560-6669], García-Ibáñez, Maribel I. [0000-0001-5218-0064], Lherminier, Pascale [0000-0001-9007-2160], Sarthou, Géraldine [0000-0001-6560-6669], Pérez, Fiz F., Tréguer, Paul, Branellec, Pierre, García-Ibáñez, Maribel I., Lherminier, Pascale, Sarthou, Géraldine, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), European Commission, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (France), Pérez, Fiz F. [0000-0003-4836-8974], Tréguer, Paul [0000-0001-9043-0343], Branellec, Pierre [0000-0001-6560-6669], García-Ibáñez, Maribel I. [0000-0001-5218-0064], Lherminier, Pascale [0000-0001-9007-2160], Sarthou, Géraldine [0000-0001-6560-6669], Pérez, Fiz F., Tréguer, Paul, Branellec, Pierre, García-Ibáñez, Maribel I., Lherminier, Pascale, and Sarthou, Géraldine
- Abstract
The GEOVIDE cruise was carried out coast to coast between Portugal and Newfoundland via the south tip of Greenland, following the OVIDE line in the eastern part and crossing the Labrador Sea in the western part. The classical hydrographic rosette was cast 163 times at 78 different geographical positions called stations. While the CTD-O2 probe acquired continuous profiles of the “physical” variables (pressure, temperature, salinity and dissolved oxygen), 22 Niskin bottles were closed at different levels during the upcast to provide samples for biogeochemical analysis. After calibration, we find precisions for pressure, temperature, salinity and dissolved oxygen that fit the GO-SHIP international quality requirements. In parallel, but not simultaneously, a trace-metal rosette (TMR) was cast 53 times, also acquiring profiles of physical variables, and equipped with 24 Go-Flo bottles adapted for the sampling of trace metals. Depending on the number of operations, stations were identified as “Short” (one single CTD cast), “Large” (3 CTD casts), “XLarge” (up to 6) and “Super” (up to 11). All along the track of the ship, current magnitude and direction was measured by Ship Acoustic Doppler Current Profilers, down to 1000m depth
- Published
- 2020
20. Spectrophotometric Measurement of Carbonate Ion in Seawater over a Decade: Dealing with Inconsistencies
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Gualart, E.F., Fajar, Noelia M., García-Ibáñez, Maribel I., Castaño-Carrera, Mónica, Santiago, Rocío, Hassoun, Abed El Rahman, F. Pérez, Fiz, Easley, Regina A., Álvarez-Rodríguez, Marta, Gualart, E.F., Fajar, Noelia M., García-Ibáñez, Maribel I., Castaño-Carrera, Mónica, Santiago, Rocío, Hassoun, Abed El Rahman, F. Pérez, Fiz, Easley, Regina A., and Álvarez-Rodríguez, Marta
- Abstract
The spectrophotometric methodology for carbonate ion determination in seawater was first published in 2008 and has been continuously evolving in terms of reagents and formulations. Although being fast, relatively simple, affordable, and potentially easy to implement in different platforms and facilities for discrete and autonomous observations, its use is not widespread in the ocean acidification community. This study uses a merged overdetermined CO2 system data set (carbonate ion, pH, and alkalinity) obtained from 2009 to 2020 to assess the differences among the five current approaches of the methodology through an internal consistency analysis and discussing the sources of uncertainty. Overall, the results show that none of the approaches meet the climate goal (± 1 % standard uncertainty) for ocean acidification studies for the whole carbonate ion content range in this study but usually fulfill the weather goal (± 10 % standard uncertainty). The inconsistencies observed among approaches compromise the consistency of data sets among regions and through time, highlighting the need for a validated standard operating procedure for spectrophotometric carbonate ion measurements as already available for the other measurable CO2 variables.
- Published
- 2022
21. Spectrophotometric Measurement of Carbonate Ion in Seawater over a Decade: Dealing with Inconsistencies
- Author
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Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Xunta de Galicia, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (US), Natural Environment Research Council (UK), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), European Commission, Interreg, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (España), CSIC - Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO), Fernández-Guallart, E., Fajar, Noelia, García-Ibáñez, Maribel I., Castaño, Mónica, Santiago, Rocío, El Rahman Hassoun, Abed, Pérez, Fiz F., Easley, Regina, Álvarez-Rodríguez, Marta, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Xunta de Galicia, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (US), Natural Environment Research Council (UK), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), European Commission, Interreg, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (España), CSIC - Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO), Fernández-Guallart, E., Fajar, Noelia, García-Ibáñez, Maribel I., Castaño, Mónica, Santiago, Rocío, El Rahman Hassoun, Abed, Pérez, Fiz F., Easley, Regina, and Álvarez-Rodríguez, Marta
- Abstract
The spectrophotometric methodology for carbonate ion determination in seawater was first published in 2008 and has been continuously evolving in terms of reagents and formulations. Although being fast, relatively simple, affordable, and potentially easy to implement in different platforms and facilities for discrete and autonomous observations, its use is not widespread in the ocean acidification community. This study uses a merged overdetermined CO2 system data set (carbonate ion, pH, and alkalinity) obtained from 2009 to 2020 to assess the differences among the five current approaches of the methodology through an internal consistency analysis and discussing the sources of uncertainty. Overall, the results show that none of the approaches meet the climate goal (± 1 % standard uncertainty) for ocean acidification studies for the whole carbonate ion content range in this study but usually fulfill the weather goal (± 10 % standard uncertainty). The inconsistencies observed among approaches compromise the consistency of data sets among regions and through time, highlighting the need for a validated standard operating procedure for spectrophotometric carbonate ion measurements as already available for the other measurable CO2 variables.
- Published
- 2022
22. Gaining insights into the seawater carbonate system using discrete fCO2 measurements
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Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (US), García-Ibáñez, Maribel I., Takeshita, Yui, Fernández-Guallart, E., Fajar, Noelia, Pierrot, Denis, Pérez, Fiz F., Cai, Wei Jun, Álvarez-Rodríguez, Marta, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (US), García-Ibáñez, Maribel I., Takeshita, Yui, Fernández-Guallart, E., Fajar, Noelia, Pierrot, Denis, Pérez, Fiz F., Cai, Wei Jun, and Álvarez-Rodríguez, Marta
- Abstract
Understanding the ocean carbon sink and its future acidification-derived changes requires accurate and precise measurements with good spatiotemporal coverage. In addition, a deep knowledge of the thermodynamics of the seawater carbonate system is key to interconverting between measured and calculated variables. To gain insights into the remaining inconsistencies in the seawater carbonate system, we assess discrete water column measurements of carbon dioxide fugacity (fCO2), dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), total alkalinity (TA), and pH measured with unpurified indicators, from hydrographic cruises in the Atlantic, Pacific, and Southern Oceans included in GLODAPv2.2020 (19,013 samples). An agreement of better than ± 3% between fCO2 measured and calculated from DIC and pH is obtained for 94% of the compiled dataset, while when considering fCO2 measured and calculated from DIC and TA, the agreement is better than ± 4% for 88% of the compiled dataset, with a poorer internal consistency for high-CO2 waters. Inspecting all likely sources of uncertainty from measured and calculated variables, we conclude that the seawater carbonate system community needs to (i) further refine the thermodynamic model of the seawater carbonate system, especially K2, including the impact of organic compounds and other acid-base systems on TA; (ii) update the standard operating procedures for the seawater carbonate system measurements following current technological and analytical advances, paying particular attention to the pH methodology that is the one that evolved the most; (iii) encourage measuring discrete water column fCO2 to further check the internal consistency of the seawater carbonate system, especially given the new era of sensor-based seawater measurements; and (iv) develop seawater Certified Reference Materials (CRMs) for fCO2 and pH together with seawater CRMs for TA and DIC over the range of values encountered in the global ocean. Our conclusions also suggest the need for a r
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- 2022
23. Water mass circulation and ocean acidification in high-latitude oceans and prospects for the Mediterranean Sea
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García-Ibáñez, Maribel I. and García-Ibáñez, Maribel I.
- Abstract
The global ocean has mediated the atmospheric CO2 increase derived from human activities by absorbing about 30% of the anthropogenic emissions since the industrial revolution. CO2 enters the surface ocean through air-sea gas exchange and its uptake rate is limited by the upper-ocean-to-interior transport, i.e., the large-scale dynamics that control the ventilation of the interior ocean. Hence, the high-latitude oceans, where deep convective overturning and subduction occur, are the areas of strongest CO2 uptake and deep-ocean CO2 sequestration. Amongst those high-latitude oceans, the North Atlantic is one of the most important CO2 sinks thanks to the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation, where the deep-water formation provides the pathway for CO2 into the interior ocean. Here a database analysis is used to study the long-term trends in ocean acidification in the different water masses. I will also discuss the physical and chemical drivers of the ocean acidification and the expected changes for future increases in atmospheric CO2. Finally, I will present my Severo Ochoa postdoctoral project, which focuses on assessing the changes in alkalinity naturally occurring in the Mediterranean Sea and how they affect the ocean acidification signal in the Mediterranean Sea and the North Atlantic
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- 2022
24. Ocean acidification at the crossroads: approaching unpurified and purified m-cresol spectrophotometric pH measurements
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Álvarez-Rodríguez, Marta, García-Ibáñez, Maribel I., Acerbi-Amigo, Rubén, Fajar, Noelia, Fernández-Guallart, E., Castaño, Mónica, Álvarez-Rodríguez, Marta, García-Ibáñez, Maribel I., Acerbi-Amigo, Rubén, Fajar, Noelia, Fernández-Guallart, E., and Castaño, Mónica
- Abstract
The pH spectrophotometric method is the gold standard to measure pH in the ocean and detect ocean acidification trends due to the anthropogenic carbon uptake from the atmosphere into the ocean. The pH method has an accuracy of about 0.003 and a precision of about 0.0004 pH units. The method has evolved since the 1990s when defined using manual approaches and unpurified dyes to currently automated methods using expensive and cumbersome to obtain purified dyes. From a collection of about 300 paired measurements of unpurified and purified pH measurements along with DIC and TA from natural samples in the Eastern North Atlantic and Mediterranean Sea we find that contrary to expected, unpurified and purified pH measurements calculated with the proper corresponding functions agree to within 0.003 pH units for waters with pH >7.95, while waters with lower pH, calculated unpurified pH is higher than purified pH. Applying the purposed correction from unpur to pur pH as explained in the literature is not straight forward, the community risks for an incoherence in the pH time series. Clearly, we need a definition and evaluation of the unpur to pur correction on real seawater samples by different labs, and look for a consensus agreement on seawater pH definition (scales!, ionic model), metrology, and on the Standard Operational Procedure, where loose issues are still present
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- 2022
25. North Atlantic CO2 sink variability revealed by the Go-Ship A25-OVIDE section
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López-Mozos, Marta, Velo, A., Fontela, Marcos, Paz, M. de la, Carracedo, L., Fajar, Noelia, García-Ibáñez, Maribel I., Padín, X. A., Desbruyères, Damien, Mercier, Herlé, Lherminier, Pascale, Pérez, Fiz F., López-Mozos, Marta, Velo, A., Fontela, Marcos, Paz, M. de la, Carracedo, L., Fajar, Noelia, García-Ibáñez, Maribel I., Padín, X. A., Desbruyères, Damien, Mercier, Herlé, Lherminier, Pascale, and Pérez, Fiz F.
- Abstract
About 30% of the carbon dioxide derived from human activities (CANTH) has been absorbed by the ocean (DeVries, 2014; Gruber et al., 2019; Friedlingstein et al., 2021), with the North Atlantic (NA) being one of the largest CANTH sinks per unit area (Khatiwala et al., 2013; Sabine et al., 2004). In the NA, oceanic CANTH uptake strongly relies on the meridional overturning circulation and the associated regional winter deep convection. In fact, the formation and deep spreading of Labrador Sea Water stands as a critical CANTH gateway to intermediate and abyssal depths. The NA CANTH uptake has fluctuated over the years according to changes in the North Atlantic Oscillation. Biennial observation of the marine carbonate system along the Go-Ship A25-OVIDE section has allowed us assessing the decadal and interannual variability of the CANTH storage in the subpolarNA from 2002 to 2021. In this study, we investigate 1) the trend of CANTH and 2) the relationship between the CANTH saturation, the apparent oxygen utilization, and the ventilation of the water masses between the A25-OVIDE section and the Greenland-Iceland-Scotland sills during 2002-2021. We divided the A25-OVIDE section into three main basins (Irminger, Iceland, and Eastern NA). Our results show that the Irminger Basin presents a more homogenous CANTH profile and higher CANTH saturation values at depth than the other two basins, which is related to the pronounced convective activity in the Irminger Basin. In contrast, the Eastern NA Basin has higher CANTH values at the surface due to its higher surface temperature, but its deep water masses show the lowest CANTH values since they are the less ventilated in the section. Our analysis also reveals that, overall, the NA CANTH storage has increased during 2002-2021, but varied according to the ventilation changes. While the Eastern NA water masses experienced a relatively constant, although shallower, average ventilation, the Irminger and Iceland Basins underwent a less
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- 2022
26. Reactivation of the subpolar North Atlantic CO2 sink revealed by the GO-SHIP A25-OVIDE section
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Velo, A., Fontela, Marcos, Paz, M. de la, Fajar, Noelia, García-Ibáñez, Maribel I., López-Mozos, Marta, Padín, X. A., Carracedo, L., Lherminier, Pascale, Pérez, Fiz F., Velo, A., Fontela, Marcos, Paz, M. de la, Fajar, Noelia, García-Ibáñez, Maribel I., López-Mozos, Marta, Padín, X. A., Carracedo, L., Lherminier, Pascale, and Pérez, Fiz F.
- Abstract
Despite covering only 15% of the global oceanic area, the North Atlantic (NA) accumulates one of the highest contents of anthropogenic CO2 (CANTH) in the ocean, storing 23% of the oceanic CANTH (Sabine et al., 2004). In terms of CANTH increase, large regions of the NA recorded average rates of 1.2 ± 0.1 mol m-2 yr-1 during 1994-2007, doubling the global oceanic rate of CANTH increase of 0.65 ± 0.08 mol m-2 yr-1 (Gruber et al., 2019). In the NA, high CANTH concentrations penetrate to mid and abyssal depths as a result of the formation and deep spreading of Labrador Sea Water. These processes are linked to the meridional overturning circulation and winter convection occurring in the NA subpolar gyre. Differences in CANTH storage rates have been observed between different phases of the NA Oscillation (NAO), attributed to both changes in CANTH concentration and decreases in volumetric water mass census (Fröb et al., 2018). There has been a 50% slowdown in the rate of CANTH increase in the NA subpolar gyre between 1994 and 2007, coinciding with a period of low NAO. Biennial observation of the marine carbonate system along the GOSHIP A25-OVIDE section has allowed assessing the long-term and interannual variability of the CANTH storage in the subpolar NA from 2002 to 2018. In this research, we determined the increases of CANTH in the water masses present between the OVIDE section and the Nordic sills. The average accumulation rate CANTH in the water column between the A25-OVIDE section and the sills was 0.90 ± 0.08 mol m-2 yr-1 (0.041 ± 0.003 Pg-C yr-1) for 2002-2021, being 61% higher than the 0.54 ± 0.06 mol m-2 yr-1 observed for 1997-2006 (low NAO). The increase in the CANTH accumulation rate during 2002-2021 is mainly found in the Irminger and Iceland basins and is mainly associated with the period of high NAO that occurred after 2014. In these two basins, the CANTH accumulation rates during the high NAO double those found during the low NAO
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- 2022
27. Towards a robust and sustained production and global supply of certified reference materials for the seawater carbonate system
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García-Ibáñez, Maribel I., Easley, R., Palacz, A.P., Cochran, C., Currie, K., Hassoun, A.E.R.., Jewett, E.B., Ma, J., Park, K., Steinhoff, T., Telszewski, M., Tilbrook, B., García-Ibáñez, Maribel I., Easley, R., Palacz, A.P., Cochran, C., Currie, K., Hassoun, A.E.R.., Jewett, E.B., Ma, J., Park, K., Steinhoff, T., Telszewski, M., and Tilbrook, B.
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- 2022
28. Ocean acidification at the crossroads: approaching unpurified and purified m-cresol spectrophotometric pH measurements
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Álvarez, Marta, García-Ibáñez, Maribel I., Acerbi-Amigo, Rubén, Fajar, Noelia, Fernández-Guallart, E., and Castaño, Mónica
- Subjects
Time series coherence ,Purified dye ,pH measurement ,Unpurified dye - Abstract
5th International Symposium on the Ocean in a High CO2 World, 13-16 September 2022, Lima, Perú, The pH spectrophotometric method is the gold standard to measure pH in the ocean and detect ocean acidification trends due to the anthropogenic carbon uptake from the atmosphere into the ocean. The pH method has an accuracy of about 0.003 and a precision of about 0.0004 pH units. The method has evolved since the 1990s when defined using manual approaches and unpurified dyes to currently automated methods using expensive and cumbersome to obtain purified dyes. From a collection of about 300 paired measurements of unpurified and purified pH measurements along with DIC and TA from natural samples in the Eastern North Atlantic and Mediterranean Sea we find that contrary to expected, unpurified and purified pH measurements calculated with the proper corresponding functions agree to within 0.003 pH units for waters with pH >7.95, while waters with lower pH, calculated unpurified pH is higher than purified pH. Applying the purposed correction from unpur to pur pH as explained in the literature is not straight forward, the community risks for an incoherence in the pH time series. Clearly, we need a definition and evaluation of the unpur to pur correction on real seawater samples by different labs, and look for a consensus agreement on seawater pH definition (scales!, ionic model), metrology, and on the Standard Operational Procedure, where loose issues are still present
- Published
- 2022
29. [Comment] Interventions to prevent pandemic-driven diversity loss
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Fisher, Ben J., Shiggins, Connor J., Naylor, Angus W., Rawlins, Lauren D., Tallentire, Guy D., van den Heuvel, Floor, Poku, Craig, García-Ibáñez, Maribel I., Debyser, Margot, and Buckingham, Jack
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ComputingMilieux_GENERAL ,ComputingMilieux_THECOMPUTINGPROFESSION ,education ,respiratory system ,human activities ,humanities - Abstract
The pandemic has badly affected the most diverse career stage in UK Earth sciences: early career researchers. Disrupted careers must be rescued with contingency plans, remote networks, a focus on mental health and mentor support if we are to retain diversity and talent.
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- 2021
30. Dissolved Organic Carbon in the North Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation
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Fontela, Marcos, García-Ibáñez, Maribel I., Hansell, Dennis A., Mercier, Herlé, and Pérez, Fiz F.
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- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. Gaining Insights Into the Seawater Carbonate System using Discrete fCO2 Measurements
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García-Ibáñez, Maribel I., Fernández-Guallart, E., Fajar, Noelia, Barbero, Leticia, Cai, Wei Jun, Wanninkhof, Rik, Takeshita, Yui, Pierrot, Denis, Pérez, Fiz F., and Álvarez, Marta
- Abstract
NOAA/GML Global Monitoring Annual Conference, May 24-28, 2021, We are moving towards an era of autonomous measurements, with pH and fCO2 being the only two variables of the seawater carbonate system that can be currently measured autonomously. However, corresponding discrete measurements or derived calculations based on the internal consistency of the seawater carbonate system (i.e., the agreement between measurements and thermodynamic calculations) are needed to correct biases and drifts in the sensor-based data and for our understanding of ocean acidification. In this work, we evaluate the internal consistency of the seawater carbonate system using cruises available in GLODAPv2.2020 that have paired measurements of discrete water column fCO2 and at least two of the three remaining measurable carbonate system variables, total dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), total alkalinity (TA), and pH (using unpurified dye). We exploit the discrete fCO2 data to gain new insights into the causes of the remaining inconsistencies in the seawater carbonate system. We use a database of over 20,000 samples from the Atlantic, Pacific, and Southern Oceans, with fCO2 ranging 189–2,806 μatm. We found that fCO2 measurements are consistent with DIC, TA, and pH measurements, within the expected uncertainties for internal consistency, highlighting the good quality of the measurements produced by the community. However, inconsistencies between DIC, TA, fCO2, and pH corrected to be consistent with DIC and TA stand out, pointing towards the need for a detailed re-evaluation of the carbonic acid dissociation constants at high fCO2 values and probably methodological issues in the pH measurements or TA referencing
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- 2021
32. Cold-water corals in the Subpolar North Atlantic Ocean exposed to aragonite undersaturation if Paris 2ºC is not met
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García-Ibáñez, Maribel I., Bates, Nicholas R., Bakker, D. C. E., Fontela, Marcos, and Velo, A.
- Abstract
EGU General Assembly 2021, online, 19–30 April 2021.-- This work is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License, The uptake of carbon dioxide (CO2) from the atmosphere is changing the ocean’s chemical state. Such changes, commonly known as ocean acidification, include reduction in pH and the carbonate ion concentration ([CO32-]), which in turn lowers oceanic saturation states (Ω) for calcium carbonate (CaCO3) minerals. The Ω values for aragonite (Ωaragonite; one of the main CaCO3 minerals formed by marine calcifying organisms) influence the calcification rate and geographic distribution of cold-water corals (CWCs), important for biodiversity. In this work we use high-quality data of inorganic carbon measurements, collected on thirteen cruises along the same track during 1991–2018, to determine the long-term trends in Ωaragonite in the Irminger and Iceland Basins of the North Atlantic Ocean, providing the first trends of Ωaragonite in the deep waters of these basins. The entire water column of both basins showed significant negative Ωaragonite trends between -0.0015 ± 0.0002 and -0.0061 ± 0.0016 per year. The decrease in Ωaragonite in the intermediate waters, where nearly half of the CWC reefs of the study region are located, caused the Ωaragonite isolines to migrate upwards rapidly at a rate between 6 and 34 m per year. The main driver of the observed decline in Ωaragonite in the Irminger and Iceland Basins was the increase in anthropogenic CO2. But this was partially offset by increases in salinity (in Subpolar Mode Water), enhanced ventilation (in upper Labrador Sea Water) and increases in alkalinity (in classical Labrador Sea Water, cLSW; and overflow waters). We also found that water mass aging reinforced the Ωaragonite decrease in cLSW. Based on the observed Ωaragonite trends, we project that the entire water column of the Irminger and Iceland Basins will likely be undersaturated for aragonite when in equilibrium with an atmospheric mole fraction of CO2 (xCO2) of ~860 ppmv, corresponding to climate model projections for the end of the century based on the highest CO2 emission scenarios. However, intermediate waters will likely be aragonite undersaturated when in equilibrium with an atmospheric xCO2 of ~600 ppmv, an xCO2 level slightly above that corresponding to 2 ºC warming, thus exposing CWCs inhabiting the intermediate waters to undersaturation for aragonite
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- 2021
33. Cold-water corals in the Subpolar North Atlantic Ocean exposed to aragonite undersaturation if Paris 2 ºC is not met
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García-Ibáñez, Maribel I., primary, Bates, Nicholas R., additional, Bakker, Dorothee C.E., additional, Fontela, Marcos, additional, and Velo, Antón, additional
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- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. Introduction to the French GEOTRACES North Atlantic Transect (GA01): GEOVIDE cruise
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Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Sarthou, Géraldine, Lherminier, Pascale, Achterberg, Eric P., Alonso-Pérez, Fernando, Bucciarelli, Eva, Boutorh, Julia, Bouvier, Vincent, Boyle, Edward A, Branellec, Pierre, Carracedo, Lidia I., Casacuberta, Nuria, Castrillejo, Maxi, Cheize, Marie, Contreira Pereira, Leonardo, Cossa, Daniel, Daniault, Nathalie, De Saint-Léger, Emmanuel, Dehairs, Frank, Deng, Feifei, Desprez de Gésincourt, Floriane, Devesa, Jérémy, Foliot, Lorna, Fonseca-Batista, Debany, Gallinari, Morgane, García-Ibáñez, Maribel I., Gourain, Arthur, Grossteffan, Emilie, Hamon, Michel, Heimbürger, Lars Eric, Henderson, Gideon M., Jeandel, Catherine, Kermabon, Catherine, Lacan, François, Le Bot, Philippe, Le Goff, Manon, Le Roy, Emilie, Lefèbvre, Alison, Leizour, Stéphane, Lemaitre, Nolwenn, Masqué, Pere, Ménage, Olivier, Menzel Barraqueta, Jan-Lukas, Mercier, Herlé, Perault, Fabien, Pérez, Fiz F., Planquette, Hélène F., Planchon, Frédéric, Roukaerts, Arnout, Sanial, Virginie, Sauzède, Raphaëlle, Schmechtig, Catherine, Shelley, Rachel U., Stewart, Gillian, Sutton, Jill N., Tang, Yi, Tisnérat-Laborde, Nadine, Tonnard, Manon, Tréguer, Paul, van Beek, Pieter, Zurbrick, Cheryl M, Zunino, Patricia, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Sarthou, Géraldine, Lherminier, Pascale, Achterberg, Eric P., Alonso-Pérez, Fernando, Bucciarelli, Eva, Boutorh, Julia, Bouvier, Vincent, Boyle, Edward A, Branellec, Pierre, Carracedo, Lidia I., Casacuberta, Nuria, Castrillejo, Maxi, Cheize, Marie, Contreira Pereira, Leonardo, Cossa, Daniel, Daniault, Nathalie, De Saint-Léger, Emmanuel, Dehairs, Frank, Deng, Feifei, Desprez de Gésincourt, Floriane, Devesa, Jérémy, Foliot, Lorna, Fonseca-Batista, Debany, Gallinari, Morgane, García-Ibáñez, Maribel I., Gourain, Arthur, Grossteffan, Emilie, Hamon, Michel, Heimbürger, Lars Eric, Henderson, Gideon M., Jeandel, Catherine, Kermabon, Catherine, Lacan, François, Le Bot, Philippe, Le Goff, Manon, Le Roy, Emilie, Lefèbvre, Alison, Leizour, Stéphane, Lemaitre, Nolwenn, Masqué, Pere, Ménage, Olivier, Menzel Barraqueta, Jan-Lukas, Mercier, Herlé, Perault, Fabien, Pérez, Fiz F., Planquette, Hélène F., Planchon, Frédéric, Roukaerts, Arnout, Sanial, Virginie, Sauzède, Raphaëlle, Schmechtig, Catherine, Shelley, Rachel U., Stewart, Gillian, Sutton, Jill N., Tang, Yi, Tisnérat-Laborde, Nadine, Tonnard, Manon, Tréguer, Paul, van Beek, Pieter, Zurbrick, Cheryl M, and Zunino, Patricia
- Abstract
The GEOVIDE cruise, a collaborative project within the framework of the international GEOTRACES programme, was conducted along the French-led section in the North Atlantic Ocean (Section GA01), between 15 May and 30 June 2014. In this special issue (https://www.biogeosciences.net/special-issue900.html), results from GEOVIDE, including physical oceanography and trace element and isotope cyclings, are presented among 18 articles. Here, the scientific context, project objectives, and scientific strategy of GEOVIDE are provided, along with an overview of the main results from the articles published in the special issue.
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- 2020
35. Carbon uptake by Subantarctic Pacific waters
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García-Ibáñez, Maribel I., Bakker, D.C.E., Brown, P.J., Lee, G.A., Martin, A.P., Pabortsava, K., Trucco-Pignata, P.N., García-Ibáñez, Maribel I., Bakker, D.C.E., Brown, P.J., Lee, G.A., Martin, A.P., Pabortsava, K., and Trucco-Pignata, P.N.
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- 2020
36. Ocean acidification trends in the North Atlantic: strength and controlling mechanisms
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García-Ibáñez, Maribel I. [0000-0001-5218-0064], Zunino, P. [0000-0001-7057-7049], Fröb, Friederike [0000-0002-2516-1682], Fajar, Noelia [0000-0001-9560-4381], Mercier, Herlé [0000-0002-1940-617X], Olsen, Are [0000-0003-1696-9142], Pérez, Fiz F. [0000-0003-4836-8974], García-Ibáñez, Maribel I., Zunino, P., Fröb, Friederike, Fajar, Noelia, Ríos, Aida F., Mercier, Herlé, Olsen, Are, Pérez, Fiz F., García-Ibáñez, Maribel I. [0000-0001-5218-0064], Zunino, P. [0000-0001-7057-7049], Fröb, Friederike [0000-0002-2516-1682], Fajar, Noelia [0000-0001-9560-4381], Mercier, Herlé [0000-0002-1940-617X], Olsen, Are [0000-0003-1696-9142], Pérez, Fiz F. [0000-0003-4836-8974], García-Ibáñez, Maribel I., Zunino, P., Fröb, Friederike, Fajar, Noelia, Ríos, Aida F., Mercier, Herlé, Olsen, Are, and Pérez, Fiz F.
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- 2016
37. The 226Ra–Ba relationship in the North Atlantic during GEOTRACES-GA01
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Le Roy, Emilie, García-Ibáñez, Maribel I., Pérez, Fiz F., Sarthou, G., and Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España)
- Abstract
22 pages, 10 figures.-- Emilie Le Roy ... et al.-- This work is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License, We report detailed sections of radium-226 (226Ra, T1∕2 = 1602 years) activities and barium (Ba) concentrations determined in the North Atlantic (Portugal–Greenland–Canada) in the framework of the international GEOTRACES program (GA01 section – GEOVIDE project, May–July 2014). Dissolved 226Ra and Ba are strongly correlated along the section, a pattern that may reflect their similar chemical behavior. Because 226Ra and Ba have been widely used as tracers of water masses and ocean mixing, we investigated their behavior more thoroughly in this crucial region for thermohaline circulation, taking advantage of the contrasting biogeochemical patterns existing along the GA01 section. We used an optimum multiparameter (OMP) analysis to distinguish the relative importance of physical transport (water mass mixing) from nonconservative processes (sedimentary, river or hydrothermal inputs, uptake by particles and dissolved–particulate dynamics) on the 226Ra and Ba distributions in the North Atlantic. Results show that the measured 226Ra and Ba concentrations can be explained by conservative mixing for 58 and 65 % of the samples, respectively, notably at intermediate depth, away from the ocean interfaces. 226Ra and Ba can thus be considered conservative tracers of water mass transport in the ocean interior on the space scales considered here, namely, on the order of a few thousand kilometers. However, regions in which 226Ra and Ba displayed nonconservative behavior and in some cases decoupled behaviors were also identified, mostly at the ocean boundaries (seafloor, continental margins and surface waters). Elevated 226Ra and Ba concentrations found in deepwater in the West European Basin suggest that lower Northeast Atlantic Deep Water (NEADWl) accumulates 226Ra and Ba from sediment diffusion and/or particle dissolution during transport. In the upper 1500 m of the West European Basin, deficiencies in 226Ra and Ba are likely explained by their incorporation in planktonic calcareous and siliceous shells, or in barite (BaSO4) by substitution or adsorption mechanisms. Finally, because Ba and 226Ra display different source terms (mostly deep-sea sediments for 226Ra and rivers for Ba), strong decoupling between 226Ra and Ba were observed at the land–ocean boundaries. This is especially true in the shallow stations near the coasts of Greenland and Newfoundland where high 226Ra ∕ Ba ratios at depth reflect the diffusion of 226Ra from sediment and low 226Ra ∕ Ba ratios in the upper water column reflect the input of Ba associated with meteoric waters, The present research and Emilie Le Roy’s fellowship are co-funded by the European Union and the Région Occitanie-Pyrénées-Méditerranée (European Regional Development Fund). The GEOVIDE project is co-funded by the French national program LEFE/INSU (GEOVIDE), ANR Blanc (GEOVIDE, ANR-13-BS06-0014) and RPDOC (ANR-12-PDOC- 0025-01), LabEX MER (ANR-10-LABX-19) and IFREMER. This work was also co-funded by the French national program LEFE/INSU “REPAP” (PI Stéphanie H. M Jacquet) and the US National Science Foundation (PI Matthew A. Charette, OCE-1458305; OCE-1232669). For this work Maribel I. García-Ibáñez and Fiz F. Pérez were supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness through the BOCATS (CTM2013-41048-P) project co-funded by the Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional 2014–2020 (FEDER)
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- 2018
38. Mercury distribution and transport in the North Atlantic Ocean along the GEOTRACES-GA01 transect
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Cossa, Daniel, Pérez, Fiz F., García-Ibáñez, Maribel I., Sarthou, G., and Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España)
- Abstract
15 pages, 2 tables, 6 figures.-- Daniel cossa ... et al.-- This work is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License, We report here the results of total mercury (HgT) determinations along the 2014 Geotraces Geovide cruise (GA01 transect) in the North Atlantic Ocean (NA) from Lisbon (Portugal) to the coast of Labrador (Canada). HgT concentrations in unfiltered samples (HgTUNF) were log-normally distributed and ranged between 0.16 and 1.54 pmol L−1, with a geometric mean of 0.51 pmol L−1 for the 535 samples analysed. The dissolved fraction (, This research was funded by the French National Research Agency (ANR-13-BS06-0014, ANR-12-PDOC-0025-01), the French National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS-LEFE-CYBER), the LabexMER (ANR-10-LABX-19), the Global Mercury Observation System (GMOS, no. 265113 European Union project), and the European Research Council (ERC-2010-StG-20091028). For this work Maribel I. García-Ibáñez and Fiz F. Pérez were supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness through the BOCATS (CTM2013-41048-P) project, co-funded by the Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional 2014–2020 (FEDER)
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- 2018
39. The silicon stable isotope distribution along the GEOVIDE section (GEOTRACES GA-01) of the North Atlantic Ocean
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Sutton, Jill N., Souza, Gregory F. de, García-Ibáñez, Maribel I., Rocha, Christina L. de la, Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute of Geochemistry and Petrology [ETH Zürich], Department of Earth Sciences [Swiss Federal Institute of Technology - ETH Zürich] (D-ERDW), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich)- Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research (BCCR), Department of Biological Sciences [Bergen] (BIO / UiB), University of Bergen (UiB)-University of Bergen (UiB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), ANR-10-LABX-0019,LabexMER,LabexMER Marine Excellence Research: a changing ocean(2010), ANR-13-BS06-0014,GEOVIDE,GEOVIDE, Une étude internationale GEOTRACES le long de la section OVIDE en Atlantique Nord et en Mer du Labrador(2013), ANR-12-PDOC-0025,BITMAP,Biodisponibilité du fer et des métaux traces dans les particules marines(2012), European Project: 708407,H2020,H2020-MSCA-IF-2015,SOSiC(2016), Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
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[SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere ,hydrography ,marine diatoms ,ACL ,deep-water masses ,labrador sea ,natural-waters ,fractionation ,biogenic silica ,[SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology ,southern-ocean ,mediterranean outflow ,eastern equatorial pacific - Abstract
14 pages, 6 figures, 3 tables.-- This work is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License, The stable isotope composition of dissolved silicon in seawater ( 30SiDSi) was examined at 10 stations along the GEOVIDE section (GEOTRACES GA-01), spanning the North Atlantic Ocean (40–60 N) and Labrador Sea. Variations in 30SiDSi below 500m were closely tied to the distribution of water masses. Higher 30SiDSi values are associated with intermediate and deep water masses of northern Atlantic or Arctic Ocean origin, whilst lower 30SiDSi values are associated with DSi-rich waters sourced ultimately from the Southern Ocean. Correspondingly, the lowest 30SiDSi values were observed in the deep and abyssal eastern North Atlantic, where dense southern-sourced waters dominate. The extent to which the spreading of water masses influences the 30SiDSi distribution is marked clearly by Labrador Sea Water (LSW), whose high 30SiDSi signature is visible not only within its region of formation within the Labrador and Irminger seas, but also throughout the mid-depth western and eastern North Atlantic Ocean. Both 30SiDSi and hydrographic parameters document the circulation of LSW into the eastern North Atlantic, where it overlies southern-sourced Lower DeepWater. The GEOVIDE 30SiDSi distribution thus provides a clear view of the direct interaction between subpolar/ polar water masses of northern and southern origin, and allow examination of the extent to which these far-field signals influence the local 30SiDSi distribution, This work was supported by the “Laboratoire d’Excellence” LabexMER (ANR-10-LABX-19) and co-funded by a grant from the French government under the program “Investissements d’Avenir”, and by a grant from the Regional Council of Brittany (SAD programme). The GEOVIDE project was funded by CNRS-INSU (programme LEFE-CYBER), the French National Research Agency (ANR-13-BS06-0014, ANR-12-PDOC-0025-01) and “RPDOC” BITMAP (ANR-12-PDOC-0025), the LabexMER ANR-10-LABX-19) and Ifremer. The GEOVIDE project was also supported for logistics by DT-INSU and GENAVIR. Gregory de Souza was supported by a Marie Skłodowska-Curie Research Fellowship under EU Horizon 2020 (SOSiC; no. 708407). Maribel I. Garcia-Ibáñez was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness through the BOCATS (CTM2013- 41048-P) project co-funded by the Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional 2014–2020 (FEDER).
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- 2018
40. Rapid shoaling of the Aragonite Saturation Horizon along the OVIDE (A25) line
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Pérez, Fiz F., Fontela, Marcos, García-Ibáñez, Maribel I., Mercier, Herlé, Velo, A., Lherminier, Pascale, Zunino, P., Paz, M. de la, Alonso Pérez, Fernando, Fernández-Guallart, E., and Padín, X. A.
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1 poster.-- 2018 Ocean Sciences Meeting, 11-16 February, Portland, Oregon, USA, From 2002 to 2016, a biennial transoceanic section from Portugal to Greenland (Ovide section/GO-SHIP-A25 line, Fig. 1) was performed as part of the CLIVAR and GOSHIP programs. The marine CO2 system parameters were measured to study their temporal variability due to natural and anthropogenic drivers. The rather deep Aragonite Saturation Horizon (ASH) in the Irminger Sea has been experiencing a very rapid shoaling mainly due to the rapid penetration of the anthropogenic CO2. From 1991 to 2016, the ASH shoaled 12-14 m year-1 for the intermediate waters in the Irminger Sea. The deep-convection events occurred during severe winters (1991-1994 and 2015-2106) fostered the fast addition of more acidified water into the deep layers of the North Atlantic. We calculated the increase in anthropogenic CO2 during the last two decades (2002-2016) and its concomitant decrease in the excess of calcium carbonate over the aragonite saturation levels. We found a reduction of about 1/3 in the transport of ion carbonate excess over the saturation levels with respect to the natural CO2 cycle for the period 2002-2016. The projection of these results to a future scenario where the atmospheric CO2 is 500±20 ppm indicates that the export of the aragonite saturated waters to the deep Atlantic associated with the thermohaline circulation would be reduced in nearly 2/3, which will have a negative impact in the deep habitats based in carbonate structures
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- 2018
41. Particulate barium tracing of significant mesopelagic carbon remineralisation in the North Atlantic
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Lemaitre, Nolwenn, García-Ibáñez, Maribel I., Dehairs, Frank, and Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España)
- Abstract
19 pages, 4 tables, 10 figures.-- Nolwenn Lemaitre ... et al.-- This work is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License, The remineralisation of sinking particles by prokaryotic heterotrophic activity is important for controlling oceanic carbon sequestration. Here, we report mesopelagic particulate organic carbon (POC) remineralisation fluxes in the North Atlantic along the GEOTRACES-GA01 section (GEOVIDE cruise; May–June 2014) using the particulate biogenic barium (excess barium; Baxs) proxy. Important mesopelagic (100–1000 m) Baxs differences were observed along the transect depending on the intensity of past blooms, the phytoplankton community structure, and the physical forcing, including downwelling. The subpolar province was characterized by the highest mesopelagic Baxs content (up to 727 pmol L−1), which was attributed to an intense bloom averaging 6 mg chl a m−3 between January and June 2014 and by an intense 1500 m deep convection in the central Labrador Sea during the winter preceding the sampling. This downwelling could have promoted a deepening of the prokaryotic heterotrophic activity, increasing the Baxs content. In comparison, the temperate province, characterized by the lowest Baxs content (391 pmol L−1), was sampled during the bloom period and phytoplankton appear to be dominated by small and calcifying species, such as coccolithophorids. The Baxs content, related to oxygen consumption, was converted into a remineralisation flux using an updated relationship, proposed for the first time in the North Atlantic. The estimated fluxes were of the same order of magnitude as other fluxes obtained using independent methods (moored sediment traps, incubations) in the North Atlantic. Interestingly, in the subpolar and subtropical provinces, mesopelagic POC remineralisation fluxes (up to 13 and 4.6 mmol C m−2 d−1, respectively) were equalling and occasionally even exceeding upper-ocean POC export fluxes, deduced using the 234Th method. These results highlight the important impact of the mesopelagic remineralisation on the biological carbon pump of the studied area with a near-zero, deep (> 1000 m) carbon sequestration efficiency in spring 2014., This work was funded by the Flanders Research Foundation (project G071512N), the Vrije Universiteit Brussel (strategy research program: project SRP-2), the French National Research Agency (ANR-13-BS06-0014 and ANR-12-PDOC-0025-01), the French National Center for Scientific Research (CNRSLEFE- CYBER), IFREMER, and the “Laboratoire d’Excellence” Labex-Mer (ANR-10-LABX-19). For this work, Maribel I. Garcia- Ibáñez was supported by the Centre for Climate Dynamics at the Bjerknes Centre and by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness through the BOCATS (CTM2013-41048-P) project co-funded by the Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional 2014–2020 (FEDER).
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- 2018
42. Tracing water masses with 129I and 236U in the subpolar North Atlantic along the GEOTRACES GA01 section
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Castrillejo, Maxi, Casacuberta, Núria, Christl, Marcus, Vockenhuber, Christof, Synal, Hans-Arno, García-Ibáñez, Maribel I., Lherminier, Pascale, Sarthou, Géraldine, Garcia-Orellana, Jordi, Masqué, Pere, Department of Physics [ETH Zürich] (D-PHYS), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Institut de Ciencia i Tecnologia Ambientals (ICTA), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics [ETH Zürich] (IBP), Department of Environmental Systems Science [ETH Zürich] (D-USYS), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich)- Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research (BCCR), Department of Biological Sciences [Bergen] (BIO / UiB), University of Bergen (UiB)-University of Bergen (UiB), Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CSIC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Laboratoire d'Océanographie Physique et Spatiale (LOPS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer - Brest (IFREMER Centre de Bretagne), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Edith Cowan University (ECU), Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation [Canberra] (CSIRO)-Planning and Transport Research Centre (PATREC), ANR-12-PDOC-0025,BITMAP,Biodisponibilité du fer et des métaux traces dans les particules marines(2012), ANR-13-BS06-0014,GEOVIDE,GEOVIDE, Une étude internationale GEOTRACES le long de la section OVIDE en Atlantique Nord et en Mer du Labrador(2013), ANR-10-LABX-0019,LabexMER,LabexMER Marine Excellence Research: a changing ocean(2010), Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
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[SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere ,NORDIC SEAS ,ARCTIC-OCEAN ,FUEL-REPROCESSING FACILITIES ,ACL ,DENMARK STRAIT ,STRAIT OVERFLOW WATER ,DEEP-WATER ,GEOVIDE CRUISE ,[SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology ,WESTERN BOUNDARY CURRENT ,DEPTH PROFILE ,[SDU.STU.OC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography ,ANTHROPOGENIC U-236 - Abstract
20 pages, 6 figures, 1 table.-- This work is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License, Pathways and timescales of water mass transport in the subpolar North Atlantic Ocean (SPNA) have been investigated by many studies due to their importance for the meridional overturning circulation and thus for the global ocean. In this sense, observational data on geochemical tracers provide complementary information to improve the current understanding of the circulation in the SPNA. To this end, we present the first simultaneous distribution of artificial 129I and 236U in 14 depth profiles and in surface waters along the GEOVIDE section covering a zonal transect through the SPNA in spring 2014. Our results show that the two tracers are distributed following the water mass structure and that their presence is largely influenced by the global fallout (GF) and liquid effluents discharged to north-western European coastal waters by the Sellafield and La Hague nuclear reprocessing plants (NRPs). As a result, 129I concentrations and 236U∕238U atom ratios and 129I∕236U atom ratios display a wide range of values: (0.2–256) × 107atkg−1 (40–2350) × 10−12 and 0.5–200, respectively. The signal from NRPs, which is characterised by higher 129I concentrations and 129I∕236U atom ratios compared to GF, is transported by Atlantic Waters (AWs) into the SPNA, notably by the East Greenland Current (EGC)/Labrador Current (LC) at the surface and by waters overflowing the Greenland–Scotland passage at greater depths. Nevertheless, our results show that the effluents from NRPs may also directly enter the surface of the eastern SPNA through the Iceland–Scotland passage or the English Channel/Irish Sea. The use of the 236U∕238U and 129I∕236U dual tracer approach further serves to discern Polar Intermediate Water (PIW) of Canadian origin from that of Atlantic origin, which carries comparably higher tracer levels due to NRPs (particularly 129I). The cascading of these waters appears to modify the water mass composition in the bottom of the Irminger and Labrador seas, which are dominated by Denmark Strait Overflow Water (DSOW). Indeed, PIW–Atlantic, which has a high level of 129I compared to 236U, appears to contribute to the deep Irminger Sea increasing the 129I concentrations in the realm of DSOW. A similar observation can be made for 236U for PIW entering through the Canadian Archipelago into the Labrador Sea. Several depth profiles also show an increase in 129I concentrations in near bottom waters in the Iceland and the West European basins that are very likely associated with the transport of the NRP signal by the Iceland–Scotland Overflow Water (ISOW). This novel result would support current modelling studies indicating the transport of ISOW into the eastern SPNA. Finally, our tracer data from 2014 are combined with published 129I data for the deep central Labrador Sea between 1993 and 2013. The results obtained from comparing simulated and measured 129I concentrations support the previously suggested two major transport pathways for the AWs in the SPNA, i.e. a short loop through the Nordic seas into the SPNA and a longer loop, which includes recirculation of the AWs in the Arctic Ocean before it enters the western SPNA, The GEOVIDE cruise was funded by the French National Research Agency (ANR-13-BS06-0014, ANR-12-PDOC-0025-01), the French National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS LEFE CYBER), the LabexMER (ANR-10-LABX-19), and Ifremer. This work was funded by the Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad of Spain (MDM2015-0552), the Generalitat de Catalunya (MERS 2017 SGR-1588) and consortium partners of the ETH Zurich Laboratory of Ion Beam Physics (EAWAG, EMPA, and PSI). Maxi Castrillejo was funded by a FPU PhD studentship (AP-2012-2901) from the Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte of Spain and the ETH Zurich Postdoctoral Fellowship Programme (17-2 FEL-30), co-funded by the Marie Curie Actions for People COFUND Programme. Núria Casacuberta’s research was funded by the AMBIZIONE grant (PZ00P2_154805) from the Swiss National Science Foundation. Maribel I. García-Ibáñez was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness through the BOCATS (CTM2013-41048-P) project co-funded by the Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional 2014–2020 (FEDER)
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- 2018
43. Ensuring Efficient and Robust Offshore Storage – The Role of Marine System Modelling
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Blackford, Jerry, primary, Alendal, Guttorm, additional, Artioli, Yuri, additional, Avlesen, Helge, additional, Cazenave, Pierre, additional, Chen, Baixin, additional, Dale, Andy, additional, Dewar, Marius, additional, García-Ibáñez, Maribel I., additional, Gros, Jonas, additional, Gundersen, Kristian, additional, Haeckel, Matthias, additional, Khajepor, Sorush, additional, Lessin, Gennadi, additional, Oleynik, Anna, additional, Omar, Abdirahman M., additional, and Saleem, Umer, additional
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- 2019
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- View/download PDF
44. Introduction to the French GEOTRACES North Atlantic Transect (GA01): GEOVIDE cruise
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Sarthou, Géraldine, primary, Lherminier, Pascale, additional, Achterberg, Eric P., additional, Alonso-Pérez, Fernando, additional, Bucciarelli, Eva, additional, Boutorh, Julia, additional, Bouvier, Vincent, additional, Boyle, Edward A., additional, Branellec, Pierre, additional, Carracedo, Lidia I., additional, Casacuberta, Nuria, additional, Castrillejo, Maxi, additional, Cheize, Marie, additional, Contreira Pereira, Leonardo, additional, Cossa, Daniel, additional, Daniault, Nathalie, additional, De Saint-Léger, Emmanuel, additional, Dehairs, Frank, additional, Deng, Feifei, additional, Desprez de Gésincourt, Floriane, additional, Devesa, Jérémy, additional, Foliot, Lorna, additional, Fonseca-Batista, Debany, additional, Gallinari, Morgane, additional, García-Ibáñez, Maribel I., additional, Gourain, Arthur, additional, Grossteffan, Emilie, additional, Hamon, Michel, additional, Heimbürger, Lars Eric, additional, Henderson, Gideon M., additional, Jeandel, Catherine, additional, Kermabon, Catherine, additional, Lacan, François, additional, Le Bot, Philippe, additional, Le Goff, Manon, additional, Le Roy, Emilie, additional, Lefèbvre, Alison, additional, Leizour, Stéphane, additional, Lemaitre, Nolwenn, additional, Masqué, Pere, additional, Ménage, Olivier, additional, Menzel Barraqueta, Jan-Lukas, additional, Mercier, Herlé, additional, Perault, Fabien, additional, Pérez, Fiz F., additional, Planquette, Hélène F., additional, Planchon, Frédéric, additional, Roukaerts, Arnout, additional, Sanial, Virginie, additional, Sauzède, Raphaëlle, additional, Schmechtig, Catherine, additional, Shelley, Rachel U., additional, Stewart, Gillian, additional, Sutton, Jill N., additional, Tang, Yi, additional, Tisnérat-Laborde, Nadine, additional, Tonnard, Manon, additional, Tréguer, Paul, additional, van Beek, Pieter, additional, Zurbrick, Cheryl M., additional, and Zunino, Patricia, additional
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- 2018
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45. Tracing water masses with 129I and 236U in the subpolar North Atlantic along the GEOTRACES GA01 section
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Castrillijo, Maxi, Casacuberta, Núria, Christl, Marcus, Vockenhuber, Christoph, Synall, Hans A., García-Ibáñez, Maribel I., Lherminier, Pascale, Sarthou, Géraldine, García-Orellana, Jordi, Masqué, Pere, Castrillijo, Maxi, Casacuberta, Núria, Christl, Marcus, Vockenhuber, Christoph, Synall, Hans A., García-Ibáñez, Maribel I., Lherminier, Pascale, Sarthou, Géraldine, García-Orellana, Jordi, and Masqué, Pere
- Abstract
Pathways and timescales of water mass transport in the subpolar North Atlantic Ocean (SPNA) have been investigated by many studies due to their importance for the meridional overturning circulation and thus for the global ocean. In this sense, observational data on geochemical tracers provide complementary information to improve the current understanding of the circulation in the SPNA. To this end, we present the first simultaneous distribution of artificial 129I and 236U in 14 depth profiles and in surface waters along the GEOVIDE section covering a zonal transect through the SPNA in spring 2014. Our results show that the two tracers are distributed following the water mass structure and that their presence is largely influenced by the global fallout (GF) and liquid effluents discharged to north-western European coastal waters by the Sellafield and La Hague nuclear reprocessing plants (NRPs). As a result, 129I concentrations and 236Uĝ•238U atom ratios and 129Iĝ•236U atom ratios display a wide range of values: (0.2-256) × 107 at kgĝ'1 (40-2350) × 10ĝ'12 and 0.5-200, respectively. The signal from NRPs, which is characterised by higher 129I concentrations and 129Iĝ•236U atom ratios compared to GF, is transported by Atlantic Waters (AWs) into the SPNA, notably by the East Greenland Current (EGC)/Labrador Current (LC) at the surface and by waters overflowing the Greenland-Scotland passage at greater depths. Nevertheless, our results show that the effluents from NRPs may also directly enter the surface of the eastern SPNA through the Iceland-Scotland passage or the English Channel/Irish Sea. The use of the 236Uĝ•238U and 129Iĝ•236U dual tracer approach further serves to discern Polar Intermediate Water (PIW) of Canadian origin from that of Atlantic origin, which carries comparably higher tracer levels due to NRPs (particularly 129I). The cascading of these waters appears to modify the water mass composition in the bottom of the Irminger and Labrador seas, which are dom
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- 2018
46. Introduction to the French GEOTRACES North Atlantic transect (GA01): GEOVIDE cruise
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Sarthou, Geraldine, Lherminier, Pascale, Achterberg, Eric P., Alonso-Pérez, Fernando, Bucciarelli, Eva, Boutorh, Julia, Bouvier, Vincent, Boyle, Edward A., Branellec, Pierre, Carracedo, Lidia I., Casacuberta, Nuria, Castrillejo, Maxi, Cheize, Marie, Contreira Pereira, Leonardo, Cossa, Daniel, Daniault, Nathalie, De Saint-Léger, Emmanuel, Dehairs, Frank, Deng, Feifei, Desprez de Gésincourt, Floriane, Devesa, Jérémy, Foliot, Lorna, Fonseca-Batista, Debany, Gallinari, Morgane, García-Ibáñez, Maribel I., Gourain, Arthur, Grossteffan, Emilie, Hamon, Michel, Heimbürger, Lars Eric, Henderson, Gideon M., Jeandel, Catherine, Kermabon, Catherine, Lacan, François, Le Bot, Phillippe, Le Goff, Manon, Le Roy, Emilie, Lefèbvre, Alison, Leizour, Stéphane, Lemaitre, Nolwenn, Masqué, Pere, Ménage, Olivier, Barraqueta, Jan-Lukas Menzel, Mercier, Herlé, Perault, Fabien, Pérez, Fiz F., Planquette, Hélène F., Planchon, Frédéric, Roukaerts, Arnout, Sanial, Virginie, Sauzède, Raphaëlle, Schmechtig, Catherine, Shelley, Rachel U., Stewart, Gillian, Sutton, Jill N., Tang, Yi, Tisnérat-Laborde, Nadine, Tonnard, Manon, Tréguer, Paul, van Beek, Pieter, Zurbrick, Cheryl M., Zunino, Patricia, Sarthou, Geraldine, Lherminier, Pascale, Achterberg, Eric P., Alonso-Pérez, Fernando, Bucciarelli, Eva, Boutorh, Julia, Bouvier, Vincent, Boyle, Edward A., Branellec, Pierre, Carracedo, Lidia I., Casacuberta, Nuria, Castrillejo, Maxi, Cheize, Marie, Contreira Pereira, Leonardo, Cossa, Daniel, Daniault, Nathalie, De Saint-Léger, Emmanuel, Dehairs, Frank, Deng, Feifei, Desprez de Gésincourt, Floriane, Devesa, Jérémy, Foliot, Lorna, Fonseca-Batista, Debany, Gallinari, Morgane, García-Ibáñez, Maribel I., Gourain, Arthur, Grossteffan, Emilie, Hamon, Michel, Heimbürger, Lars Eric, Henderson, Gideon M., Jeandel, Catherine, Kermabon, Catherine, Lacan, François, Le Bot, Phillippe, Le Goff, Manon, Le Roy, Emilie, Lefèbvre, Alison, Leizour, Stéphane, Lemaitre, Nolwenn, Masqué, Pere, Ménage, Olivier, Barraqueta, Jan-Lukas Menzel, Mercier, Herlé, Perault, Fabien, Pérez, Fiz F., Planquette, Hélène F., Planchon, Frédéric, Roukaerts, Arnout, Sanial, Virginie, Sauzède, Raphaëlle, Schmechtig, Catherine, Shelley, Rachel U., Stewart, Gillian, Sutton, Jill N., Tang, Yi, Tisnérat-Laborde, Nadine, Tonnard, Manon, Tréguer, Paul, van Beek, Pieter, Zurbrick, Cheryl M., and Zunino, Patricia
- Abstract
The GEOVIDE cruise, a collaborative project within the framework of the international GEOTRACES programme, was conducted along the French-led section in the North Atlantic Ocean (Section GA01), between 15 May and 30 June 2014. In this special issue (https://www.biogeosciences.net/special_issue900.html), results from GEOVIDE, including physical oceanography and trace element and isotope cyclings, are presented among 18 articles. Here, the scientific context, project objectives, and scientific strategy of GEOVIDE are provided, along with an overview of the main results from the articles published in the special issue.
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- 2018
47. The Ra-226–Ba relationship in the North Atlantic during GEOTRACES-GA01
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Le Roy, Emilie, Sanial, Virginie, Charette, Matthew A., van Beek, Pieter, Lacan, Francois, Jacquet, Stéphanie H. M., Henderson, Paul B., Souhaut, Marc, García-Ibáñez, Maribel I., Jeandel, Catherine, Perez, Fiz F., Sarthou, Geraldine, Le Roy, Emilie, Sanial, Virginie, Charette, Matthew A., van Beek, Pieter, Lacan, Francois, Jacquet, Stéphanie H. M., Henderson, Paul B., Souhaut, Marc, García-Ibáñez, Maribel I., Jeandel, Catherine, Perez, Fiz F., and Sarthou, Geraldine
- Abstract
© The Author(s), 2018. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Biogeosciences 15 (2018): 3027-3048, doi:10.5194/bg-15-3027-2018., We report detailed sections of radium-226 (226Ra, T1∕2 = 1602 years) activities and barium (Ba) concentrations determined in the North Atlantic (Portugal–Greenland–Canada) in the framework of the international GEOTRACES program (GA01 section – GEOVIDE project, May–July 2014). Dissolved 226Ra and Ba are strongly correlated along the section, a pattern that may reflect their similar chemical behavior. Because 226Ra and Ba have been widely used as tracers of water masses and ocean mixing, we investigated their behavior more thoroughly in this crucial region for thermohaline circulation, taking advantage of the contrasting biogeochemical patterns existing along the GA01 section. We used an optimum multiparameter (OMP) analysis to distinguish the relative importance of physical transport (water mass mixing) from nonconservative processes (sedimentary, river or hydrothermal inputs, uptake by particles and dissolved–particulate dynamics) on the 226Ra and Ba distributions in the North Atlantic. Results show that the measured 226Ra and Ba concentrations can be explained by conservative mixing for 58 and 65 % of the samples, respectively, notably at intermediate depth, away from the ocean interfaces. 226Ra and Ba can thus be considered conservative tracers of water mass transport in the ocean interior on the space scales considered here, namely, on the order of a few thousand kilometers. However, regions in which 226Ra and Ba displayed nonconservative behavior and in some cases decoupled behaviors were also identified, mostly at the ocean boundaries (seafloor, continental margins and surface waters). Elevated 226Ra and Ba concentrations found in deepwater in the West European Basin suggest that lower Northeast Atlantic Deep Water (NEADWl) accumulates 226Ra and Ba from sediment diffusion and/or particle dissolution during transport. In the upper 1500 m of the West European Basin, deficiencies in 226Ra and Ba are likely explained by their incorporation in planktonic calcareous, The present research and Emilie Le Roy’s fellowship are co-funded by the European Union and the Région Occitanie-Pyrénées-Méditerranée (European Regional Development Fund). This work was also co-funded by the French national program LEFE/INSU “REPAP” (PI Stéphanie H. M Jacquet) and the US National Science Foundation (PI Matthew A. Charette, OCE-1458305; OCE-1232669). For this work Maribel I. García-Ibáñez and Fiz F. Pérez were supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness through the BOCATS (CTM2013-41048-P) project co-funded by the Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional 2014–2020 (FEDER).
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- 2018
48. Introduction to the French GEOTRACES North Atlantic transect (GA01): GEOVIDE cruise
- Author
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LabexMER, Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer, Agence Nationale de la Recherche (France), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (France), Sarthou, Géraldine, Lherminier, Pascale, Achterberg, Eric P., Alonso Pérez, Fernando, Bucciarelli, Eva, Boutorh, Julia, Bouvier, Vincent, Boyle, Edward A., Branellec, Pierre, Carracedo, L., Casacuberta, Nuria, Castrillejo, Maxi, Cheize, Marie, Contreira Pereira, Leonardo, Cossa, Daniel, Daniault, Nathalie, De Saint-Léger, Emmanuel, Dehairs, Frank, Deng, Feifei, Desprez de Gésincourt, Floriane, Devesa, Jérémy, Foliot, Lorna, Fonseca-Batista, Debany, Gallinari, Morgane, García-Ibáñez, Maribel I., Gourain, Arthur, Grossteffan, Emilie, Hamon, Michel, Heimbürger-Boavida, Lars-Eric, Henderson, Gideon M., Jeandel, Catherine, Kermabon, Catherine, Lacan, François, Le Bot, Philippe, Le Goff, Manon, Le Roy, Emilie, Lefèbvre, Alison, Leizour, Stéphane, Lemaitre, Nolwenn, Masqué, Pere, Ménage, Olivier, Menzel Barraqueta, Jan-Lukas, Mercier, Herlé, Perault, Fabien, Pérez, Fiz F., Planquette, Hélène, Planchon, Frédéric, Roukaerts, Arnout, Sanial, Virginie, Sauzède, Raphaëlle, Schmechtig, Catherine, Shelley, Rachel U., Stewart, Gillian, Sutton, Jill N., Tang, Yi, Tisnérat-Laborde, Nadine, Tonnard, Manon, Tréguer, Paul, van Beek, Pieter, Zurbrick, Cheryl M., Zunino, P., LabexMER, Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer, Agence Nationale de la Recherche (France), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (France), Sarthou, Géraldine, Lherminier, Pascale, Achterberg, Eric P., Alonso Pérez, Fernando, Bucciarelli, Eva, Boutorh, Julia, Bouvier, Vincent, Boyle, Edward A., Branellec, Pierre, Carracedo, L., Casacuberta, Nuria, Castrillejo, Maxi, Cheize, Marie, Contreira Pereira, Leonardo, Cossa, Daniel, Daniault, Nathalie, De Saint-Léger, Emmanuel, Dehairs, Frank, Deng, Feifei, Desprez de Gésincourt, Floriane, Devesa, Jérémy, Foliot, Lorna, Fonseca-Batista, Debany, Gallinari, Morgane, García-Ibáñez, Maribel I., Gourain, Arthur, Grossteffan, Emilie, Hamon, Michel, Heimbürger-Boavida, Lars-Eric, Henderson, Gideon M., Jeandel, Catherine, Kermabon, Catherine, Lacan, François, Le Bot, Philippe, Le Goff, Manon, Le Roy, Emilie, Lefèbvre, Alison, Leizour, Stéphane, Lemaitre, Nolwenn, Masqué, Pere, Ménage, Olivier, Menzel Barraqueta, Jan-Lukas, Mercier, Herlé, Perault, Fabien, Pérez, Fiz F., Planquette, Hélène, Planchon, Frédéric, Roukaerts, Arnout, Sanial, Virginie, Sauzède, Raphaëlle, Schmechtig, Catherine, Shelley, Rachel U., Stewart, Gillian, Sutton, Jill N., Tang, Yi, Tisnérat-Laborde, Nadine, Tonnard, Manon, Tréguer, Paul, van Beek, Pieter, Zurbrick, Cheryl M., and Zunino, P.
- Abstract
The GEOVIDE cruise, a collaborative project within the framework of the international GEOTRACES programme, was conducted along the French-led section in the North Atlantic Ocean (Section GA01), between 15 May and 30 June 2014. In this special issue (https://www.biogeosciences.net/special_issue900.html), results from GEOVIDE, including physical oceanography and trace element and isotope cyclings, are presented among 18 articles. Here, the scientific context, project objectives, and scientific strategy of GEOVIDE are provided, along with an overview of the main results from the articles published in the special issue.
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- 2018
49. Nitrous oxide in the North Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation
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Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Paz, M. de la, García-Ibáñez, Maribel I., Steinfeldt, Reiner, Pérez, Fiz F., Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Paz, M. de la, García-Ibáñez, Maribel I., Steinfeldt, Reiner, and Pérez, Fiz F.
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- 2018
50. The silicon stable isotope distribution along the GEOVIDE section (GEOTRACES GA-01) of the North Atlantic Ocean
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Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Sutton, Jill N., Souza, Gregory F. de, García-Ibáñez, Maribel I., Rocha, Christina L. de la, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Sutton, Jill N., Souza, Gregory F. de, García-Ibáñez, Maribel I., and Rocha, Christina L. de la
- Abstract
The stable isotope composition of dissolved silicon in seawater ( 30SiDSi) was examined at 10 stations along the GEOVIDE section (GEOTRACES GA-01), spanning the North Atlantic Ocean (40–60 N) and Labrador Sea. Variations in 30SiDSi below 500m were closely tied to the distribution of water masses. Higher 30SiDSi values are associated with intermediate and deep water masses of northern Atlantic or Arctic Ocean origin, whilst lower 30SiDSi values are associated with DSi-rich waters sourced ultimately from the Southern Ocean. Correspondingly, the lowest 30SiDSi values were observed in the deep and abyssal eastern North Atlantic, where dense southern-sourced waters dominate. The extent to which the spreading of water masses influences the 30SiDSi distribution is marked clearly by Labrador Sea Water (LSW), whose high 30SiDSi signature is visible not only within its region of formation within the Labrador and Irminger seas, but also throughout the mid-depth western and eastern North Atlantic Ocean. Both 30SiDSi and hydrographic parameters document the circulation of LSW into the eastern North Atlantic, where it overlies southern-sourced Lower DeepWater. The GEOVIDE 30SiDSi distribution thus provides a clear view of the direct interaction between subpolar/ polar water masses of northern and southern origin, and allow examination of the extent to which these far-field signals influence the local 30SiDSi distribution
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- 2018
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