Search

The project iFADO ( innovation in the Framework of the Atlantic Deep Ocean ) aims to combine conventional monitoring programs (with special focus on novel semi-automatic techniques that can be applied for in situ biological monitoring) with emerging technologies (such as gliders, satellite imagery, etc.) and modeling approaches to assist the implementation of the Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD), providing tools for the optimization of observing strategies for better evaluation and forecasting of the Good Environmental Status (GES). Within this framework, the multidisciplinary iFADO cruise (within the RADPROF time series program, Instituto Español de Oceanografía) was carried out with transnational collaboration on summer 2020 along a standard coastal-oceanic transect off NW Iberian Peninsula, including physical, biogeochemical and biological measurements. Additionally, an effort is being made in the implementation and validation of existing and new biogeochemical models in the Atlantic margin, focusing on key variables for the implementation of MSFD Descriptors. The combination of iFADO models and in situ monitoring approaches not only might contribute data and potential indicators for MSFD Descriptors 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 10, from coastal to open-ocean environments, but they are essential tools to detect, model and predict temporal changes in marine ecosystems in the study area.

The MyCOAST project (http://mycoast-project.org/) is an INTERREG Atlantic Area project designed to demonstrate that marine services for tackling coastal risks can be jointly developed. The main innovation and originality of the project stems from the implementation of transferable tools able to improve the risk management systems operated in the Atlantic Area. A successful outcome was achieved by identifying mature existing tools and selecting those that could be further developed by partners during the project duration. Demonstration of the tools in pilot actions showed that they are effective in supporting end users and relocatable among different regions in the Atlantic Area., Le projet MyCOAST (http://mycoast-project.org/) est un projet INTERREG de l'Espace Atlantique destiné à démontrer que les services maritimes pour faire face aux risques côtiers peuvent être développés conjointement. La principale innovation et originalité du projet réside dans la mise en œuvre d'outils transférables capables d'améliorer les systèmes de gestion des risques exploités dans l'Espace Atlantique. L'identification d'outils matures existants et la sélection de ceux qui pourraient être développés par les partenaires pendant la durée du projet ont permis d'atteindre un résultat positif. La démonstration des outils dans des actions pilotes a montré qu'ils sont efficaces pour soutenir les utilisateurs finaux et qu'ils peuvent être transférés dans différentes régions de l'Espace Atlantique.

We will present the recent developments of our forecasting capabilities to warn of impending harmful algal blooms (HABs) in Galicia, where aquaculture has a strong socio-economic impact. A HAB warning service for monitoring agencies and the aquaculture industry has been developed as a demonstration of a Copernicus marine downstream service coupled to the MyOcean service. In this contribution, we describe the Galician ASIMUTH forecast system and demonstrate its skill in predicting HAB transport and its usefulness to provide assessment for the management of the areas affected by toxic outbreaks. We also describe the Galician pilot HAB bulletins, aimed at distributing forecasts of HAB events that might induce closures of harvesting areas or, when the areas are already closed, at giving information on forthcoming oceanographic conditions that could favour or hamper the opening of an area. Our results show that the model forecasts and the bulletins can provide early warning of the risk of Dinophysis spp. events and the risk of closures linked to the presence of toxins above regulatory levels in harvesting areas. Instituto Español de Oceanografía

ATLANTOS; GAIN

The Iberian sardine (Sardina pilchardus) constitutes a traditional target species in western Iberia that remains to be economically important in Portugal and, to a lesser extent, in Galicia (NW Spain). The time series of recruitment shows ups and downs in the last decades. According to the ICES Advice 2013 for regions VIII and IXa, the biomass of age 1 sardine and older has decreased since 2006 and recruitment has been below the long term average since 2005. In order to understand these fluctuations, a Lagrangian model to simulate sardine Early Life Stages (ELS), this is, egg and larvae stages, has been set up. The results of a high resolution hydrodynamic model for North and Northwest Iberia have been used as an input of the Lagrangian model Ichthyop (Lett et al., (2008)) to simulate ELS advection and dispersion. Ichthyop has been adapted to sardine by including some biological behavior. A biogeochemical model coupled to the hydrodynamic model was also used to get some insight on recruitment for years 2006 2007.

Simulations with the model ROMS (hydrodynamical and ecological simulations complemented with Lagrangian particle-tracking simulations) have been performed in the framework of the project ASIMUTH (http://www.asimuth.eu) which aims to develop forecasting capabilities to warn of impending harmful algal blooms (HABs) along the European Atlantic coast. In this contribution, we will report on the skill of the ASIMUTH forecast system in predicting transport of HABs and in assessing the area affected by HABs in the upwelling-influenced Galician rias (NW Spain) with the experience gained in years 2013 and 2014. ASIMUTH FP7/261860

The Coastal and Ocean modeling group at the Spanish Institute of Oceanography (IEO) has a broad experience in hydrodynamic modeling with ROMS in the area of West and North Iberia. Our main task consists of providing insight on the coastal and ocean dynamics in support to the intense IEO ecosystem and fisheries research in the area. The NW coast of Iberia is characterized by high levels of primary production that result from relatively frequent and intense inputs of nutrients caused by upwelling, especially in spring and summer. Primary production sustains wealthy fisheries and aquaculture industries, which constitute a prime economic activity in the region. As a first approach to understand the ecosystem variability in the area we focused on the spring bloom. A high resolution (~3 km) configuration of the ROMS physical model with atmospheric forcing coming from the regional agency Meteogalicia (http://www.meteogalicia.es), which has shown to represent the main features of the shelf and slope circulation in the area, was run coupled to the Fasham-type Fennel biogeochemical model (N2PZD2). Any biogeochemical model aimed at providing a reliable representation of the dynamics of a certain area should be tuned according to its characteristics. In an upwelling system, the composition of phytoplankton varies from the beginning to the end of the bloom. When nutrients and irradiance are high, diatoms are the dominant group, whereas flagellates become more important when upwelling relaxes and, consequently, nutrients and light intensity decrease. In the NW Iberian coast, it has been found that Chaetoceros socialis is the dominant diatom species during the spring bloom (Bode et al, 1996, 1998). For this reason, we have decided to use parameters that are characteristic of plankton at the spring bloom. In particular, the parameters of Chaetoceros socialis have been considered for the unique phytoplankton class of the model. We will show comparisons of the model results for 2006 and 2007 with observations at weekly and daily time scales (MODIS chlorophyll-a images, in situ observations from the “Instituto Español de Oceanografía” Pelacus cruises). The spring bloom is reasonably reproduced in the NW and N coasts in time, space and intensity. The variability between the primary production in 2006 and 2007 can be related to the oceanographic conditions thanks to the use of a numerical model. The results are promising and encourage us to move forward to increase the complexity of our models and broaden their range of application. We will show some examples of the use of the IEO models to get some insight on sardine recruitment variability and harmful algal bloom prediction.

The project ASIMUTH (http://www.asimuth.eu) aims to develop forecasting capabilities to warn of impending harmful algal blooms (HABs) along the European Atlantic coast. ASIMUTH is a HAB warning service for the aquaculture industry developed as a demonstration of a Copernicus marine downstream service coupled to the MyOcean service. The north-western Iberian coast (Galician rias and shelf) is frequently affected by HABs associated with dinoflagellates, which induce closures of harvesting areas in a region where aquaculture has a strong socioeconomic impact. In the framework of ASIMUTH, IEO is developing products to characterize the oceanographic conditions during periods of HABs. A forecast system is also being developed as a downstream service based on hydrodynamic, biochemical and Lagrangian particle-tracking model results combined with in-situ data and satellite imagery. In this contribution, we will present the ASIMUTH forecast system and show its skill in predicting transport of HABs and in assessing the area affected by HABs with the experience gained in 2013 and 2014. We will also report on the Galician HAB pilot bulletins that were developed as a product of the ASIMUTH project and are aimed at providing forecasts of HAB events that might induce closures of harvesting areas or, when the areas are already closed, at giving some information on the oceanographic conditions that could favour or hamper the opening of the areas.

Datos de finales de los años ochenta indican que 1,6% de la población mexicana estaba infectada por la enfermedad de Chagas y que la transmisión de Trypanosoma cruzi por transfusión de sangre ocurría en casi todos los estados, si bien en zonas de diversa extensión. El riesgo de transmisión por esa vía está poco documentado en México, por lo que en 1994 se realizó una encuesta centinela de 18 bancos de sangre de la Secretaría de Salud, situados en sendos estados. El estudio tuvo como objeto conocer el riesgo de transmisión por transfusión de sangre y estimar la prevalencia nacional de infección en los candidatos a donantes, para disponer de indicadores generales de la situación actual de la enfermedad y de la relevancia de ese tipo de transmisión. La selección de participantes se basó en criterios operativos: todos los centros estatales de transfusión que contaban con la capacidad para tamizar a los donantes de sangre por lo menos durante un año y los candidatos a donar (n = 64969) que cumplían con los requisitos exigidos por la Norma Oficial Mexicana para la disposición de sangre humana y derivados con fines terapéuticos. Para el análisis de los resultados, los centros se agruparon según el flujo migratorio para detectar cualquier posible relación entre este y la transmisión de la enfermedad de Chagas en el país. Como prueba de tamizaje se usó la hemaglutinación indirecta con reactivo producido por el Instituto Nacional de Diagnóstico y Referencia Epidemiológicos y donado a los bancos de sangre. Los casos positivos se confirmaron mediante la inmunofluorescencia indirecta. Se detectaron 996 personas con resultados positivos, que representan una prevalencia de 1,5% (IC95%: 1,44 a 1,63). La concordancia de los resultados finales entre los laboratorios locales y el laboratorio central presentó un índice kappa de 0,87 (IC95%: 0,862 a 0,877). En las ciudades con los índices más altos de emigración el riesgo de transmisión fue tres veces mayor que en las ciudades receptoras de inmigrantes (razón de posibilidades = 2,82; IC95%: 2,18 a 3,65). Se recomienda ampliar el tamizaje serológico obligatorio en todo México, ya que debido al fenómeno de las migraciones, la definición de área endémica es inestable.

13 páginas, 3 figuras, 2 tablas.-- Proyecto Carbochange.-- CC Attribution 3.0 License, The estimation of sea–air CO2 fluxes is largely dependent on wind speed through the gas transfer velocity parameterization. In this paper, we quantify uncertainties in the estimation of the CO2 uptake in the Bay of Biscay resulting from the use of different sources of wind speed such as three different global reanalysis meteorological models (NCEP/NCAR 1, NCEP/DOE 2 and ERA-Interim), one high-resolution regional forecast model (HIRLAM-AEMet), winds derived under the Cross-Calibrated Multi-Platform (CCMP) project, and QuikSCAT winds in combination with some of the most widely used gas transfer velocity parameterizations. Results show that net CO2 flux estimations during an entire seasonal cycle (September 2002–September 2003) may vary by a factor of ~ 3 depending on the selected wind speed product and the gas exchange parameterization, with the highest impact due to the last one. The comparison of satellite- and model-derived winds with observations at buoys advises against the systematic overestimation of NCEP-2 and the underestimation of NCEP-1. In the coastal region, the presence of land and the time resolution are the main constraints of QuikSCAT, which turns CCMP and ERA-Interim in the preferred options, This work was developed and funded by the ECO project (MCyT REN2002-00503/MAR) and EU FP7 project CARBOCHANGE “Changes in carbon uptake and emissions by oceans in a changing climate” under agreement no 264879. Part of the wind analysis was performed in the framework of projects REFORZA (Xunta de Galicia, PGIDIT06RMA60401PR) and COVACLAN (Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci´on, CTM-2007-64600/MAR). Pablo Otero is supported by “Observatorio oce´anico del Margen Iberico y del Litoral” (RAIA.co, POCTEP 2007-20130520 RAIA CO 1 E).