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Symptoms of hypopituitarism are usually chronic and nonspecific, but rarely the disease can have acute and life threatening manifestations. We report a 53 years old female with a pituitary adenoma that was admitted to our hospital because of syncope. The electrocardiogram showed sinus bradycardia with a prolonged QT interval. Frequent runs of non-sustained polymorphic ventricular tachycardia were noted on telemetry. The patient had a history of severe acute headaches in the previous days and laboratory tests revealed severe secondary hypothyroidism, adrenal insufficiency and a decrease in pituitary hormones. A magnetic resonance imaging of the head showed changes in the size and contrast enhancement of the adenoma. A diagnosis of hypopituitarism secondary to pituitary apoplexy was made and treatment with hydrocortisone and, subsequently, levothyroxine was started. Hormonal disorders such as hypothyroidism, adrenal insufficiency or hypopituitarism should be considered as unusual causes for reversible cardiomyopathy, long QT syndrome and ventricular arrhythmias.

Objectives: Patients with primary hyperparathyroidism (PHP), even asymptomatic, have an increased cardiovascular risk. However, data on reversibility or improvement of cardiovascular disorders with surgery are controversial. Our aims were to assess the prevalence of classic cardiovascular risk factors in patients with asymptomatic PHP, to explore their relationship with calcium and PTH levels, and analyze the effect of parathyroidectomy on those cardiovascular risk factors., Patients and Methods: A retrospective, observational study of two groups of patients with asymptomatic PHP: 40 patients on observation and 33 patients who underwent surgery. Clinical and biochemical data related to PHP and various cardiovascular risk factors were collected from all patients at baseline and one year after surgery in the operated patients., Results: A high prevalence of obesity (59.9%), type 2 diabetes mellitus (25%), high blood pressure (47.2%), and dyslipidemia (44.4%) was found in the total sample, with no difference between the study groups. Serum calcium and PTH levels positively correlated with BMI (r=.568, P=.011, and r=.509, P=.026 respectively) in non-operated patients. One year after parathyroidectomy, no improvement occurred in the cardiovascular risk factors considered., Conclusions: Our results confirm the high prevalence of obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, high blood pressure, and dyslipidemia in patients with asymptomatic PHP. However, parathyroidectomy did not improve these cardiovascular risk factors., (Copyright © 2014 SEEN. Published by Elsevier Espana. All rights reserved.)

Background: It has been suggested that the changes in hormone levels that occur with menopause and aging are related to loss of muscle mass. However, the role of gonadotropins in this process is unknown., Objectives: To analyze the relationship between follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) and lean mass in a cohort of healthy women., Methods: This is a cross-sectional study including 91 postmenopausal women (48-65 years old). Serum FSH, LH, and estradiol (E2) were measured. Lean mass was estimated by bioelectrical impedance analysis and expressed as appendicular skeletal muscle mass (AMM) index., Results: AMM index was negatively correlated with FSH levels (r = -0.33, p = 0.001) and LH (r = -0.293, p = 0.005), while there was no association with E2. When muscle mass expressed as AMM index was stratified into tertiles, there were significant differences between the lowest and the highest tertile for both FSH (82.4 ± 30, vs. 67.9 ± 25.8 mIU/mL, p = 0.04) and LH (40.9 ± 15.2 vs. 36.1 ± 12.3 mIU/mL, p = 0.03). In logistic regression analysis adjusted for age and E2 levels, high concentrations of FSH (OR = 1.03, 95% CI = 1.01-1.05, p = 0.008) and LH (OR = 1.06, 95% CI = 1.01-1.1, p = 0.01) were risk factors for having lower lean mass expressed as AMM index., Conclusions: Menopausal women with high levels of gonadotropins have lower levels of lean mass than those with lower gonadotropins levels.

A 62-year-old woman consulted for evaluation of treatment for her type 2 diabetes diagnosed four years ago. He had been received treatment with metformin 850mg twice, with no chronic associated complications. She had hypertension and dyslipidemia. She was being treated with candesartan/hydrochlorothiazide 32/12.5mg and atorvastatin 40mg. Her weight was 92kg and height 162cm (BMI, 35.1kg/m(2)). The last analysis showed fasting glucose 168mg/dl and glycated hemoglobin 7.5%, Microalbuminuria was negative. Blood pressure and lipid profile were within the therapeutic range. Two years ago she suffered a nontraumatic Colle's fracture in her left arm for which she was taking a daily calcium and vitamin D supplement and weekly alendronate. In summary, this is an obese female patient with type 2 diabetes mellitus and inadequate metabolic control, She also has a history of fragility fracture. How should this patient be evaluated and treated?, (Copyright © 2012 Elsevier España, S.L. All rights reserved.)

In vitro and animals models have shown follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) effects on osteoclastic function, and FSH levels seem to influence bone loss independently of estrogen concentrations in humans. Our aim was to evaluate the role of serum FSH measurement in the assessment of bone resorption in postmenopausal women. We conducted a cross-sectional study including 92 postmenopausal healthy women aged 56.2 (3.6) and 7.2 (4) years since menopause. Serum FSH, luteinizing hormone (LH), estradiol (E2) and bone turnover markers as osteocalcin (OC) and C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX) were measured. We analyzed the relationship between serum levels of gonadotropins, E2, and bone turnover markers. Serum levels of OC and CTX were positively related to FSH (r = 0.234, P = 0.047 and r = 0.384, P = 0.003) and LH (r = 0.319, P = 0.012 and r = 0.273, P = 0.038). There was no relationship with E2 levels. When gonadotropins levels were divided into quartiles, we found significant differences in bone turnover markers between the first and the fourth quartile. OC levels were higher in the highest quartile of FSH (P = 0.024) and LH (P = 0.001). Serum CTX was also higher in the highest quartile of FSH (P = 0.004) and LH (P = 0.039). FSH levels could explain approximately 14.7% of the chances in CTX. In summary, gonadotropins were related to bone turnover in postmenopausal healthy women. Moreover, the rise in FSH appears to contribute to higher bone resorption. Our results suggest that the measurement of FSH could be usefulness to perform a more comprehensive assessment of bone loss in these women.

Clinical and radiographic evaluation of an infant boy and his father revealed findings suggesting a new variant of spondylometaphyseal dysplasia with an apparently autosomal dominant mode of inheritance. The main clinical findings included short stature and marked ligamentous laxity in the infant. X-ray findings included severe and peculiar multiple metaphyseal involvement and striking vertebral undermineralisation in the infant, and platyspondyly in the father. However, all the epiphyses were normal. Laboratory studies were essentially normal except for an extremely raised serum alkaline phosphatase in the infant. The uniqueness of these findings suggests a new variant of the spondylometaphyseal dysplasias, distinct from the cases described initially by Kozlowski et al and subsequent investigators.

A 2,290-g infant boy born after a 43-week gestation had the classic, somatic, and dermatoglyphic findings of trisomy 18 (Edwards) syndrome. The diagnosis was established cytogenetically. A bilateral nictitating membrane was present. In contrast to those in lower species this membrane was established horizontally and moved cephalad for closure. Thus, the membrane occasionally coverd the conjunctiva and cornea completely, giving the impression of corneal clouding. Postmortem studies were not permitted.