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A potential underlying mechanism associated with the difficulties in social interactions in Autistic Spectrum Disorders (ASD) concerns the abnormal development of moral reasoning. The present study examined utilitarian and deontological judgments in impersonal and personal moral dilemmas, comparing 66 individuals with ASD and 61 typically developing (TD) individuals between 6 and 18 years. Utilitarian judgments decreased with age. This decline was much more gradual for personal dilemmas in the ASD than in the TD group. ASD individuals rated utilitarian judgments as more appropriate but felt less calm, consistent with the Empathy Imbalance hypothesis. Utilitarian judgments were associated with social interaction difficulties in ASD. These findings identify possible social therapeutic targets for more efficient coping strategies in individuals with ASD.

Power-to-Liquid processes have the potential to decarbonize maritime transport by producing carbon–neutral electro-fuels. One example of a potential implementation of this process is the combined technology of co-electrolysis of carbon dioxide and water, along with Fischer–Tropsch Synthesis. Given the promising prospects of producing electro-fuels to achieve net-zero objectives by 2050, a critical question that arises is whether sufficient resources are available to replace the current demand for fossil marine gas oil (MGO). This study evaluates the requirements and availability of resources necessary for producing marine electro-fuel using the MGO demand at the Port of Barcelona as a case study. The results indicate that current supplies of renewable energy and biogenic CO2 are insufficient to fully replace the total fossil MGO demand. However, by 2050, it is expected that these resource limitations will be overcome, considering the current official projections for the growth of renewable electricity and the biogas industry. The deployment of renewable electricity generation and the rollout of biomethane industrial network as biogenic carbon source is found to be essential for the viability of the future substitution of fossil MGO with its electro-fuel equivalent.

Background & Aims: Growing evidence suggests an increased prevalence of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) in the context of immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs). We aimed to clinically and mechanistically characterize steatotic liver disease (SLD) in a prospective cohort of patients with IMID compared to controls. Methods: Cross-sectional, case-control study including a subset of patients with IMID. Controls from the general population were age-, sex-, type 2 diabetes-, and BMI-matched at a 1:2 ratio. SLD was established using controlled attenuation parameter. Liver biopsies were obtained when significant liver fibrosis was suspected. Total RNA was extracted from freshly frozen cases and analyzed by RNA-seq. Differential gene expression was performed with ‘limma-voom’. Gene set-enrichment analysis was performed using the fgsea R package with a preranked “limma t-statistic” gene list. Results: A total of 1,456 patients with IMID and 2,945 controls were included. Advanced SLD (liver stiffness measurement ≥9.7 kPa) (13.46% vs. 3.79%; p

Introduction Infants born preterm usually show a Preterm Behavioural Phenotype, which includes mixed symptomatology characterized by lack of attention, anxiety and social difficulties, with a 3-4 times greater risk of disorders in further childhood. Critically, this behavioural pattern is also observed in infants born after a threated preterm labour (TPL), regardless of the presence of prematurity. It is known that the course of this Preterm Behavioural Phenotype shows high variability. Nevertheless, the predictors of this Preterm Behavioural Phenotype prognosis remain unknown. Objectives This study aimed to explore the predictors of change of Preterm Behavioural Phenotype symptomatology during preschool ages in order to improve prognosis. Methods In this prospective cohort study, 117 mother–child pairs who experienced TPL were recruited. Preterm Behavioural Phenotype symptoms were assessed at age 2 and 6 using Child Behaviour Checklist. Gestational age at birth, maternal anxiety trait, maternal history of psychological traumas, prenatal and postnatal maternal depression, anxiety, and cortisol as well as parenting stress were included as predictors in a regression model. Results Whereas increased internalizing problems were associated with a previous trauma history (p = .003), increased externalizing symptoms were linked to prenatal and postnatal maternal anxiety (p = .004 and p = .018, respectively). Conclusions Identifying modifiable risk factors, such as the history of maternal traumas and anxiety at TPL diagnosis and postpartum is recommendable to enhance better prognosis of Preterm Behavioural Phenotype in the offspring. Disclosure of Interest None Declared

Introduction Emotional dysregulation are considered early manifestations of neuropsychiatric disorders. Recent research has shown that a threatened preterm labour (TPL) represents an adverse prenatal event that involves temperament disturbances, even in absence of prematurity. Thus, full-term TPL infants at 6 months of age are characterized by lower positive affect, higher negative affect, and worse emotional regulation relative to a full-term non-TPL control group. Objectives The aim of this study is to explore the predictors of change of emotional infant competences. Methods This prospective cohort study recruited mothers who suffered from a TPL. Infants’ temperament assessment was performed at 6 and 30 months of age using the Rothbart Behaviour Questionnaires, examining positive affectivity/surgency, negative emotionality, and orienting and emotional regulatory capacity. A regression model was carried out, including gestational age at birth, maternal anxiety trait, maternal history of psychological traumas, prenatal and postnatal maternal depression, anxiety, and cortisol as well as parenting stress as predictors. Results Increased positive affectivity was related with lower paternal stress (p = .044). Maternal history of trauma and parenting stress was associated with increased negative emotionality (p = .037 and p = .045, respectively). Increased emotional regulation disturbance was linked to low gestational age at birth (p < .001), higher postnatal depression (p = .002), higher prenatal anxiety at TPL diagnosis (p = .039) and higher postnatal anxiety (p = .008). Conclusions Therefore, maternal previous traumas, maternal psychopathology from pregnancy to postpartum as well as parenting stress should be considered in psychological treatment to improve infant’s emotional competences and prevent subsequent neuropsychiatric disorders. Disclosure of Interest None Declared

Introduction Threatened preterm labour (TPL) is associated with long-lasting neurodevelopmental challenges, independent of prematurity. For instance, it is known that infants born a TPL show delayed communication and socio-individual skills, regardless of the gestational age at birth. Furthermore, TPL constitutes an adverse prenatal event that can induce maternal anxiety or depression, even during postpartum period, which can produce a deleterious effect of the prognosis of infant’s psychomotor development. Objectives This study aimed to explore the influence of maternal psychopathology as well as other peripartum variables on the course of psychomotor development in children born after a TPL between the ages of 2 and 6. Methods In this prospective cohort study, 117 mother–child pairs who experienced TPL were recruited. Psychomotor development was assessed using the Ages & Stages Questionnaires-Third edition at age 2 and 6. A regression model was carried out, including gestational age at birth, maternal anxiety trait, maternal history of psychological traumas, prenatal and postnatal maternal depression, anxiety, and cortisol as well as parenting stress as predictors. Results Low gestational week at birth emerged as the most relevant factor in the course of increased communication delay (p

Introduction Threatened preterm labor (TPL) represents an adverse prenatal event that can impact maternal mental health in the long term. Additionally, this prenatal event can disrupt fetal neurodevelopment, primarily during the third trimester of pregnancy when neuronal connections in the fetus are established. Indeed, infants born following TPL exhibit delayed communication and socio-individual skills at 6 months of age, regardless of prematurity. Furthermore, maternal mental health during the postpartum period can also influence the offspring’s psychomotor development. Objectives The aim of this study is to examine the impact of maternal psychopathology on psychomotor development trajectories in infants born after a TPL from 6 to 30 months of age. Methods This prospective cohort study recruited 117 mother–child pairs who suffered from a TPL. Psychomotor assessment was performed at 6 and 30 months of age using the communication and socio-individual subscales of Ages & Stages Questionnaires for psychomotor development. A regression model was carried out, including gestational age at birth, maternal anxiety trait, maternal history of psychological traumas, prenatal and postnatal maternal depression, anxiety, and cortisol as well as parenting stress as predictors. Results Increased communication delays were associated with higher maternal anxiety levels (p

Abstract Objective: To assess whether the Mediterranean Diet (MedDiet) is associated with lower micronutrients inadequacy in a sample of Spanish preschoolers. Design: We conducted a cross-sectional study with 4–5-year-old children participating in the SENDO project. Information was gathered through an online questionnaire completed by parents. Dietary information was collected with a previously validated semi-quantitative FFQ. The estimated average requirements or adequate intake levels as proposed by the Institute of Medicine were used as cut-off point to define inadequate intake. Statistical analyses: Crude and multivariable adjusted estimates were calculated with generalised estimated equations to account for intra-cluster correlation between siblings. Participants: We used baseline information of 1153 participants enrolled in the SENDO project between January 2015 and June 2022. Main outcomes measures: OR and 95 % CI of presenting an inadequate intake of ≥ 3 micronutrients associated with the MedDiet. Results: The adjusted proportion of children with inadequate intake of ≥ 3 micronutrients was 27·2 %, 13·5 % and 8·1 % in the categories of low, medium and high adherence to the MedDiet, respectively. After adjusting for all potential confounders, children who had a low adherence to the MedDiet showed a significant lower odds of inadequate intake of ≥ 3 micronutrients compared to those with a high adherence (OR 9·85; 95 % CI 3·33, 29·09). Conclusion: Lower adherence to the MedDiet is associated with higher odds of nutritional inadequacy.

Tanto en la cultura occidental como en la teoría social contemporánea, el término persona se usa habitualmente como equivalente a los de ser humano, individuo y sujeto. Frente a esta semántica sustancialista, y partiendo de la recuperación del sentido originario del término latino persona que realizó la filosofía política barroca para cimentar teóricamente los nacientes Estados europeos, en el artículo se propone una fundamentación estrictamente sociológica del concepto de persona. Para ello, se realizará un recorrido genealógico que arrancará con el análisis realizado por Thomas Hobbes de la persona, en el que esta es definida como un actor. A continuación, se pasará revista a algunos de los más conspicuos representantes de la tradición sociológica, en cuya obra la persona es conceptualizada no ya como un actor, sino como un actor social. A tal efecto, se recorrerán las obras de Ferdinand Tönnies, Georg Simmel y Erving Goffman –en este último caso, en conexión con la teoría de la autoconciencia de George Herbert Mead–. Finalmente, apoyándose en los conceptos de doble contingencia y comunicación, en cuanto problema constitutivo y operación característica de los sistemas sociales, respectivamente, el artículo propondrá una radicalización socio-estructural del enfoque sociológico de la persona, con el fin de determinar conceptualmente a qué necesidades básicas de la construcción de los órdenes sociales responde la conversión de los seres humanos en actores sociales, y cómo es esta conversión el factor clave para la misma estructuración de las conciencias, que desemboca en la construcción de la autoconciencia. La tesis fundamental sobre la que se apoya esta operación de radicalización sociológica del concepto de persona es la interpretación de esta como una de las formas básicas de estructuración social: el direccionamiento social; es decir, la comprensión de las personas como direcciones sociales que ayudan a determinar y reducir la complejidad de los sistemas sociales en cuanto sistemas de comunicación. In both Western culture and contemporary social theory, the term person is commonly used as an equivalent of human being, individual and subject. Faced with this substantialist semantics, and starting from the recovery of the original meaning of the Latin term persona, carried out by de baroque political philosophie to theoretical cement the emerging european states. To do this, a genealogical tour will be carried out that will start with Thomas Hobbes analysis of the person as an actor. We will then review some of the most conspicuous representatives of the sociological tradition, in whose work the person is conceptualizated not merely as an actor, but as an social actor. To do this, we will explore the Works of Tönnies, Simmel and Goffman –in the latter case, in connection with Mead´s theory of self–. Finally, base don the concepts of double contingency and communication, as constitutive problema and characteristic operation of the social systems, the article propose a socio-structural radicalization of the sociological approach to the person, in order to determine conceptually which basic needs of the social orders meets the construction of human beings as social actors, and how this construction is the key factor for the structuring of their consciousness, wich leads to the development of the self. The fundamental thesis on wich this sociological radicalization is based is the interpretation of the person as one of the basic forms of social structuring: the social addressing; that is, the understanding of human beings as social addresses that help to determine and reduce the complexity os social systems as systems of communication.

With the purpose of promoting academic inclusion, it is essential for educators to understand the nature underlying poor reading comprehension in children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). In this study, we examined the time course of anaphor resolution during text comprehension in children and adolescents with ASD and a group of children with Typical Development (TD) matched in chronological age (age range: 9-16) and non-verbal IQ. Their eye movements were monitored as they read short paragraphs in which two factors were manipulated: (1) the semantic typicality of an antecedent (e.g. shark vs. salmon) with regards to a category noun that serves as anaphor (e.g. fish) and (2) the distance between the antecedent and anaphor (e.g. near vs. far). Both, children with ASD and TD showed more and longer first fixations in the near anaphors than in the far anaphors but not in the post-anaphor region which suggests that the effect of distance on anaphor resolution was immediate. The reverse effect of distance indicated that the far condition was too demanding for students of these ages to occur online. Typical antecedents received fewer and shorter revisits than atypical antecedents but only for participants with TD. In contrast, ASD participants did not show such typicality facilitation. Finally, children with ASD made more but shorter fixations and revisits in general than their typical peers. Theoretical and applied implications of our results for the literacy training on ASD participants are discussed.