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The limitation on the prophylactic use of antibiotics in animal feed in Europe has critically challenged the rabbit meat industry, which urgently needs to find solutions. A feasible alternative could be using macroalgae in the diet to improve the gut health. This research studied seven species of marine macroalgae in four formats (dehydrated, enzymatically hydrolyzed, aqueous extract, and aqueous extract of hydrolyzed macroalgae) in order to select the most promising ones for their use in rabbit feed. Chemical composition, in vitro digestibility, in vitro caecal gas, total volatile fatty acid (VFA) production, and minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) against common pathogens were studied. All S. latissima products showed high caecal fermentability and VFA production, especially in both types of extracts. The H. elongata aqueous extract was remarkable due to its high in vitro butyrate production, which can be of great interest for improving gut health. The MIC results did not indicate any clear inhibition of the pathogens tested. The macroalgae tested appear to have a potentially prebiotic effect, rather than a direct antimicrobial activity. However, these results must be confirmed in vivo, in order to observe the real benefits of feeding macroalgae during the rabbit weaning period.

El cáncer colorrectal (CCR) postcolonoscopia es aquel que se diagnostica tras la realización de una colonoscopia negativa. Es un marcador de calidad de las exploraciones, aunque la ausencia de criterios unificados ha lastrado su utilidad para comparar resultados. Nuestro objetivo es estimar la proporción anual de CCR postcolonoscopia entre 2018 y 2022 en el Hospital Universitario Río Hortega de Valladolid. Como objetivos secundarios se incluyen la descripción de las características de las lesiones neoplásicas identificadas. Se identificaron posibles causas de las neoplasias postcolonoscopia y se plantean medidas para reducir la incidencia del CCR postcolonoscopia. Estudio observacional de cohortes retrospectivo. Se revisaron los diagnósticos de CCR realizados entre mayo 2018 y abril 2022 en el hospital Universitario Río Hortega. Identificamos los CCR diagnosticados en el periodo de estudio a partir de bases de datos del servicio de Anatomía Patológica, cotejando el listado con bases de datos de la unidad de endoscopia. Se hizo un cribado de casos semiautomático, empleando reglas lógicas, revisando posteriormente de manera manual las historias clínicas electrónicas de los posibles casos. Se recogieron datos de las neoplasias y de las exploraciones endoscópicas realizadas hasta el diagnóstico del CCR. Se identificaron 660 diagnósticos endoscópicos de CCR, 55 de ellos CCR postcolonoscopia, con una edad mediana de 72 años (rango intercuartílico (RIC) 65-81) siendo 34 (61,8%) hombres. Prácticamente el 40% de las lesiones se identificaron en el colon derecho. Quince (29,4%) presentaban un estadio III y 7 (13,7%) un estadio IV. Tras una mediana de seguimiento de 20 meses (RIC 12-33), 12 (21,8%) pacientes fallecieron por la enfermedad neoplásica La causa más frecuente del CCR postcolonoscopia fueron lesiones no identificadas en la última colonoscopia, 38 (69,1%) casos. Hubo 7 (12,7%) casos secundarios a extirpaciones incompletas y otros 7 (12,7%) secundarios a una mala prep, Grado en Medicina

El presente proyecto de innovación docente se centra en la propuesta de mejora y actualización de los laboratorios docentes impartidos en el Laboratorio de Física del Estado Sólido del Departamento de Física de Materiales (Facultad de CC. Físicas), lo que podrá repercutir en una mejora y modernización de las actividades de laboratorio y, en consecuencia, en la calidad de los Grados implicados. Durante la actualización y renovación de los laboratorios docentes se generará material docente adicional y se fomentará la adquisición de competencias de aprendizaje por descubrimiento y trabajo autónomo por parte del alumnado.

El calcio se suministra sin restricciones al no tener un precio elevado. En el caso de los conejos se absorbe de manera proporcional a su concentración en el pienso, por lo que su suplementación debe estar controlada para cubrir las necesidades mínimas sin llegar al exceso, pudiendo favorecer problemas fisiológicos o enfermedades en el aparato digestivo. Es por eso por lo que, en los Campos de Prácticas de Producción Animal de la Universidad Politécnica de Madrid se desarrolló esta prueba con el objetivo de investigar el efecto del aumento gradual de niveles de calcio en la fase de crecimiento del conejo de engorde sobre: rendimientos productivos, la digestibilidad fecal aparente y eficiencia de retención de minerales, energía y proteína. Para ello, se formularon cuatro piensos diferentes (variando únicamente el porcentaje de calcio con la inclusión de carbonato cálcico): P-1 sin carbonato cálcico añadido (Ca = 0,72%, sobre %MS), P-2 (Ca = 0,78%), P-3 (Ca = 0,93%) y P-4 (Ca = 1,32%), 0,70 de fósforo total y 10,5 MJ energía digestible/kg MS. Los piensos se suministraron ad-libitum a un total de 236 conejos, destetados y alojados en jaulas individuales a los 30 días de edad (59 gazapos/tratamiento). Durante el periodo de la prueba, se realizaron tres controles determinando el peso vivo y consumo del animal (a los 30, 43 y 64 días de edad); y se estimó la composición corporal y de la canal mediante bioimpedancia eléctrica los 30 y 64 días de edad. Se determinó la digestibilidad fecal de los minerales (11 gazapos/tratamiento), calcio y fósforo (4 gazapos/tratamiento) de 44 a 47 días de edad. Por último, se sacrificaron 48 animales con la finalidad de determinar el rendimiento a la canal. En el periodo global, los conejos que mostraron mejores rendimientos productivos fueron los alimentados con menor nivel de calcio (P-1). El incremento del nivel de calcio redujo el peso vivo (2220 vs. 2096 g, grupos P-1 y P-4, respectivamente; P = 0,006), la velocidad de crecimiento (48

Carotenoids are isoprenoids widely distributed in foods that have been always part of the diet of humans. Unlike the other so-called food bioactives, some carotenoids can be converted into retinoids exhibiting vitamin A activity, which is essential for humans. Furthermore, they are much more versatile as they are relevant in foods not only as sources of vitamin A, but also as natural pigments, antioxidants, and health-promoting compounds. Lately, they are also attracting interest in the context of nutricosmetics, as they have been shown to provide cosmetic benefits when ingested in appropriate amounts. In this work, resulting from the collaborative work of participants of the COST Action European network to advance carotenoid research and applications in agro-food and health (EUROCAROTEN, www.eurocaroten.eu, https://www.cost.eu/actions/CA15136/#tabs|Name:overview) research on carotenoids in foods and feeds is thoroughly reviewed covering aspects such as analysis, carotenoid food sources, carotenoid databases, effect of processing and storage conditions, new trends in carotenoid extraction, daily intakes, use as human, and feed additives are addressed. Furthermore, classical and recent patents regarding the obtaining and formulation of carotenoids for several purposes are pinpointed and briefly discussed. Lastly, emerging research lines as well as research needs are highlighted.

Carotenoids are isoprenoids widely distributed in foods that have been always part of the diet of humans. Unlike the other so-called food bioactives, some carotenoids can be converted into retinoids exhibiting vitamin A activity, which is essential for humans. Furthermore, they are much more versatile as they are relevant in foods not only as sources of vitamin A, but also as natural pigments, antioxidants, and health-promoting compounds. Lately, they are also attracting interest in the context of nutricosmetics, as they have been shown to provide cosmetic benefits when ingested in appropriate amounts. In this work, resulting from the collaborative work of participants of the COST Action European network to advance carotenoid research and applications in agro-food and health (EUROCAROTEN, www.eurocaroten.eu, https://www.cost.eu/actions/CA15136/#tabs|Name:overview) research on carotenoids in foods and feeds is thoroughly reviewed covering aspects such as analysis, carotenoid food sources, carotenoid databases, effect of processing and storage conditions, new trends in carotenoid extraction, daily intakes, use as human, and feed additives are addressed. Furthermore, classical and recent patents regarding the obtaining and formulation of carotenoids for several purposes are pinpointed and briefly discussed. Lastly, emerging research lines as well as research needs are highlighted.

Menopause is characterized by endocrine and physiological changes and is often accompanied by increased body weight and cholesterol, glucose intolerance, and/or hypertension. These alterations are associated with increased risk for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and Type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM) that may be moderate by dietary plant phenolic compounds. In this review, we examine the current evidence of the impact of a variety of plant products (foods, extracts, beverages) rich in a mixture of phenolics and polyphenols on: (i) glucose and insulin levels; (ii) lipid profile; (iii) blood pressure; and (iv) biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress in postmenopausal women. We critically evaluate both the results of a range of intervention studies conducted in this specific subpopulation and the level of evidence supporting the benefits of consuming those products after the menopause. Overall, the current available evidence does not allow for specific dietary recommendations of these plant products rich in phenolics and polyphenols in this high-risk subpopulation. Our data show rather variable and small effects of the different products examined on the cardiometabolic biomarkers and further support the need to: (1) improve the quality of the study designs and data reporting; and (2) understand the variability in the response of the different biomarkers and establish clear differences between healthy and cardiometabolic disease levels.

The relationship among live weight, chemical body composition and energy content (at artificial insemination (AI) and three days before parturition), estimated by bioelectrical impedance with fertility rates and the percentage of kits born alive, was studied during the first three AI. The first AI was conducted at 16 weeks of age in 137 rabbit does that weighted 3.91 ± 0.46 kg. Their body chemical composition was 17.4 ± 0.50%, 16.1 ± 2.6%, 1067 ± 219 kJ/100 g body weight, for protein, fat and energy, respectively. An increase in body protein, fat and energy content at the first AI did not affect fertility at the first AI but improved it at the second AI (p ≤ 0.030). Moreover, an increase in body fat and energy content at the second AI improved fertility at the second AI (p ≤ 0.001). Fertility at the third AI was positively influenced by body protein at the third AI and the increase in body protein and fat between the second parturition and the third AI (p ≤ 0.030). The percentage of kits born alive at the first and at the second AI improved with the increase in body protein at the first AI (p ≤ 0.040). In conclusion, a minimal body protein and fat content is required at the first AI to optimize the reproductive performance in young does.