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Over the last decades, important progress has been made in the study of the impact of the Roman conquest on southern Italic societies. Archaeological research has fueled debate by providing vital information on the urban and rural settlement changes that occurred in the fourth to first centuries BCE. As a result, the developments that occurred when the region was increasingly incorporated into the expanding Roman empire are well understood. Nevertheless, some essential questions remain to be answered, especially those regarding the causal relationship between urban developments and Roman agency. This chapter addresses this issue by analyzing in detail the impact of Roman colonization on the urbanization trajectory of three large settlement sites in the Melfese area of present-day Basilicata, southern Italy, in the period between the fourth and first centuries BCE: Banzi, Lavello, and Venosa.

The territory of Tipasa, an iconic UNESCO landscape that comprises the ancient city of Mauretania and its Royal Mausoleum, has never been systematically investigated. The exception may be Gsell’s archaeological atlas of Algeria, compiled more than a century ago (Gsell, 1911). Since 2021, the TIPASA Project, a Spanish-Algerian survey program, was organized to shed light on this ill-studied ancient city and its territory. The survey approaches the subject from both the “site” and “off-site” perspectives, using tools such as remote sensing, field survey, and material culture, as well as an education program for Algerian students. This research is essential to understanding the part played by Punic, Hellenistic, Mauretanian, and Roman agents in creating the territory. The research methods and conceptual framework emphasize the particularities of North African cities and the creation of African-led networks in Antiquity across the Mediterranean, particularly the connections with the Iberian Peninsula before and after the imposition of Roman administrative structures., Le territoire de Tipasa, un paysage emblématique de l'UNESCO qui comprend la ville ancienne et le Mausolée royal de Maurétanie, n'a jamais fait l'objet d'une approche approfondie en dehors de l'Atlas archéologique de l'Algérie de Gsell (1911). Depuis 2021, le projet TIPASA, un projet d'enquête algéro-espagnol vise à faire la lumière sur ce territoire archéologique mal étudié, tant du point de vue du site que de son entourage. Le projet, qui est un ambitieux programme de formation pour les étudiants algériens, utilise différents outils de travail tels que la télédétection, l'enquête de terrain et l’analyse de la culture matérielle. Cette recherche est essentielle pour comprendre l’influence punique, hellénistique, mauritanienne et romaine dans la création du territoire, en soulignant les particularités des villes nord-africaines. Le projet cherche également à comprendre quels sont les liens établis depuis la rive nord de l’Afrique dans l'Antiquité avec la Méditerranée, et en particulier les connexions avec la péninsule ibérique, avant et après l'imposition de la politique administrative romaine., Depto. de Prehistoria, Historia Antigua y Arqueología, Fac. de Geografía e Historia, FALSE, pub

En este trabajo se muestran los primeros resultados de una exploración del asentamiento fortificado del Cerro de la Breña (Talaván, Cáceres), principalmente mediante la combinación de una batería de sistemas de registro no invasivos (prospección geomagnética, georradar, tomografía eléctrica y LiDAR). Los resultados acreditan la existencia de un complejo sistema defensivo, que encerraría una trama urbana densa y regular. Estos datos son valorados a la luz del conocimiento previo que existía sobre el sitio, para así poder avanzar una lectura en términos históricos del sentido de este asentamiento. Este marco se define como un proceso de transformación de la estructura territorial del valle medio del Tajo (actual Alta Extremadura) a caballo entre el final de la Edad del Hierro y los primeros momentos de la dominación romana. Se valora en este sentido el contexto geográfico y la evidencia disponible sobre otros sitios arqueológicos del entorno. La propuesta de interpretación se orienta a considerar al Cerro de la Breña como un asentamiento directamente vinculado con la implantación romana entre finales del siglo II e inicios del siglo I a.C., This paper shows the first results of an exploration of the fortified settlement of Cerro de la Breña (Talaván, Cáceres), mainly through the combination of non-invasive methods (geomagnetic survey, GPR, electric tomography and Li- DAR). The results prove the existence of a complex defensive system, which would enclose a dense and regular urban layout. These data are valued in light of the previous knowledge about the site, in order to advance an interpretative proposal in functional and historical terms about this settlement. This framework is the process of transformation of the territorial structure of the middle Tagus valley (now Alta Extremadura) between the end of the Iron Age and the first moments of Roman domination. In this sense, the geographical context and the available evidence on other archaeological sites in the area are valued. The interpretation is oriented to consider Cerro de la Breña as a settlement directly linked to the Roman implantation between the end of the 2nd century and the beginning of the 1st century BC.

El territorio costero de la icónica ciudad de Tipasa (Tipaza) nunca ha sido objeto de una investigación arqueológica sistemática y en la actualidad gran parte de su patrimonio se encuentra amenazado. En el marco de un nuevo proyecto hispano-argelino se ha realizado una prospección que aporta datos inéditos para conocer las conexiones de esta región con el resto del Mediterráneo y, en particular, con la península ibérica. El espacio analizado es una franja litoral que se extiende entre el propio yacimiento y el Mausoleo real mauritano, ambos declarados Patrimonio Mundial de la Humanidad por la UNESCO en 1982. Entre los primeros resultados destaca el hallazgo de nuevos yacimientos de carácter residencial en el entorno de la Colonia Aelia Augusta Tipasensium, uno de los cuales, conocido desde el siglo XIX, ha sido objeto de una intervención específica. Ubicado en la bahía de la Corne d’Or, es un complejo que albergó diversas estructuras, incluyendo ambientes para uso termal. Entre el material recuperado se cuentan varios fragmentos de pintura mural romana entre los que destaca una técnica pictórica propia del Sureste hispano y no documentada hasta la fecha en el Magreb. Se trata de la decoración incisa, hasta ahora documentada únicamente en el ager carthaginensis, obra de un taller «local» fechado en la primera mitad del siglo I d. C. y que pudo trabajar en ambos lugares. El hallazgo permite reflexionar sobre la circulación de talleres y modelos compositivos entre ambas orillas, a la vez que aporta nuevos datos sobre una región aún poco representada en los estudios de pintura mural., The coastal territory of the city of Tipasa (Tipaza) has never been the subject of systematic archaeological research and much of its heritage is now threatened. Within the framework of a new Spanish-Algerian project, a survey has been carried out that provides unprecedented data on the connections of this region with the rest of the Mediterranean and, in particular, with the Iberian Peninsula. The area analysed is a coastal strip that stretches between the site itself and the Mauritanian Royal Mausoleum, both declared World Heritage Sites by UNESCO in 1982. The first results include the discovery of new residential sites in the area surrounding of the Colonia Aelia Augusta Tipasensium. One of these, known since the 19th century, has been the object of a specific intervention. Located in the bay of Corne d’Or, it is a complex that housed rooms for thermal use among its structures. The documented material includes several fragments of wall painting, including a Roman pictorial technique that is typical of southeastern Spain and not documented to date in the Maghreb. It is an incised decoration, which has been so far only documented in the ager carthaginensis as the work of a ‘local’ workshop from the first half of the 1st century AD, which may have worked in both places. This discovery allows us to discuss the circulation of workshops and compositional models between the two shores, while at the same time provides new data on a region that is still under-represented in studies of Roman wall painting.

[ES] Basurero de la Segunda Edad del Hierro entre los castros de Castromayor y El Castillejo en Los Ausines, ambos a corta distancia. Los restos encontrados corresponden a las épocas preceltibérica y celtibérica., [EN] Dump area from the Late Iron Age between the hill fort of Castromayor and El Castillejo in Los Ausines, both a short distance away. The remains found correspond to the pre-Celtiberian and Celtiberian times.

[ES] En este trabajo se muestran los primeros resultados de una exploración del asentamiento fortificado del Cerro de la Breña (Talaván, Cáceres), principalmente mediante la combinación de una batería de sistemas de registro no invasivos (prospección geomagnética, georradar, tomografía eléctrica y LiDAR). Los resultados acreditan la existencia de un complejo sistema defensivo, que encerraría una trama urbana densa y regular. Estos datos son valorados a la luz del conocimiento previo que existía sobre el sitio, para así poder avanzar una lectura en términos históricos del sentido de este asentamiento. Este marco se define como un proceso de transformación de la estructura territorial del valle medio del Tajo (actual Alta Extremadura) a caballo entre el final de la Edad del Hierro y los primeros momentos de la dominación romana. Se valora en este sentido el contexto geográfico y la evidencia disponible sobre otros sitios arqueológicos del entorno. La propuesta de interpretación se orienta a considerar al Cerro de la Breña como un asentamiento directamente vinculado con la implantación romana entre finales del siglo II e inicios del siglo I a.C., [EN] This paper shows the first results of an exploration of the fortified settlement of Cerro de la Breña (Talaván, Cáceres), mainly through the combination of non-invasive methods (geomagnetic survey, GPR, electric tomography and LiDAR). The results prove the existence of a complex defensive system, which would enclose a dense and regular urban layout. These data are valued in light of the previous knowledge about the site, in order to advance an interpretative proposal in functional and historical terms about this settlement. This framework is the process of transformation of the territorial structure of the middle Tagus valley (now Alta Extremadura) between the end of the Iron Age and the first moments of Roman domination. In this sense, the geographical context and the available evidence on other archaeological sites in the area are valued. The interpretation is oriented to consider Cerro de la Breña as a settlement directly linked to the Roman implantation between the end of the 2nd century and the beginning of the 1st century BC.

[ES] Se presenta una reflexión sobre la prospección arqueológica realizada en el territorio de Segisamo¸ Sasamón prestando atención a la metodología de documentación del registro “fuera de sitio” y a la posibilidad de integrar los datos espaciales derivados de la prospección con la interpretación de fotografías aéreas provenientes de fuentes como drones y otras plataformas de imagen aérea (PNOA, Google, Yahoo). Presentamos la reciente recopilación de imágenes en el entorno de dos ciudades romanas de la provincia de Burgos, Segisamo (Sasamón) y Deobrigula (Tardajos) para apoyar la interpretación sobre la explotación y uso del territorio en época romana., [EN] In this paper, I reflect on the field survey of the hinterland of Segisamo, present-day Sasamón, Burgos,focusing on the methodological aspect and the recording of the off-site material evidence. Thefield-survey data is compared to other proxies, such as satellite (Google Earth, Yahoo Bing), airborne(PNOA), and UAV aerial photography in order to gain knowledge about Roman landscapes.New archaeological evidence from the hinterland of two Roman cities Segisamo and Deobrigula(Tardajos), is presented to discuss trends and interpretations of the landscape and territory exploitationin Roman times.

[ES] El territorio de Tipasa, paisaje emblemático de la UNESCO que comprende la ciudad antigua y el mausoleo real mauritano, nunca ha sido investigado de manera sistemática. Desde 2020, una colaboración argelino-española en curso pretende arrojar luz sobre este territorio arqueológico mal estudiado, esencial para comprender las redes mediterráneas en la Antigüedad y, en particular, las conexiones con la península ibérica. Este artículo tiene por objeto presentar los resultados preliminares del proyecto, una iniciativa bilateral inédita que aspira a reforzar los lazos entre ambos países., [EN] The territory of Tipasa, an iconic UNESCO landscape that comprises the Ancient city and the Mauritanian royal mausoleum, has never been investigated with a systematic approach. Since 2020 an ongoing Algerian-Spanish collaboration aims to shed light on this ill-studied archaeological territory, which is essential to understanding the Mediterranean networks in ancient times, and in particular the connections with the Iberian Peninsula. This article aims to present the preliminary results of the project, an unprecedented bilateral initiative that aims to strengthen ties between the two countries.

This paper will examine the current datasets we have to investigate the indigenous population before the foundation of the Augusta Emerita, and its establishment as capital of the Lusitania province. In this regards, I will focus on the rural population who inhabited an area between the Upper Alentejo and the surroundings of Augusta Emerita. Our approaches use archaeological data about settlement patterns derived from recent systematic surveys in Fronteira, Estremoz and diverse areas of Extremadura; data about the evolution characteristic environment of the area, the dehesa landscape as a human-made territory that influences heavily the development of population and subsistence strategies. I will include data about the ongoing investigation on key sites as Castelo Velho de Veiros. Other archaeological proxies as the epigraphic mentions to indigenous people will be also taken into account to texturize the characterization of the indigenous people and the creation of a strong Roman identity in the area. Our approach is built on other theoretical approaches to rural population based on the analysis of subaltern classes, following the seminal works of Gramsci.

[EN] The territory of Tipasa, an iconic UNESCO landscape that comprises the ancient city of Mauretania and its Royal Mausoleum, has never been systematically investigated. The exception may be Gsell’s archaeological atlas of Algeria, compiled more than a century ago (Gsell, 1911). Since 2021, the TIPASA Project, a Spanish-Algerian survey program, was organized to shed light on this ill-studied ancient city and its territory. The survey approaches the subject from both the “site” and “off-site” perspectives, using tools such as remote sensing, field survey, and material culture, as well as an education program for Algerian students. This research is essential to understanding the part played by Punic, Hellenistic, Mauretanian, and Roman agents in creating the territory. The research methods and conceptual framework emphasize the particularities of North African cities and the creation of African-led networks in Antiquity across the Mediterranean, particularly the connections with the Iberian Peninsula before and after the imposition of Roman administrative structures., [FR] Le territoire de Tipasa, un paysage emblématique de l'UNESCO qui comprend la ville ancienne et le Mausolée royal de Maurétanie, n'a jamais fait l'objet d'une approche approfondie en dehors de l'Atlas archéologique de l'Algérie de Gsell (1911). Depuis 2021, le projet TIPASA, un projet d'enquête algéro-espagnol vise à faire la lumière sur ce territoire archéologique mal étudié, tant du point de vue du site que de son entourage. Le projet, qui est un ambitieux programme de formation pour les étudiants algériens, utilise différents outils de travail tels que la télédétection, l'enquête de terrain et l’analyse de la culture matérielle. Cette recherche est essentielle pour comprendre l’influence punique, hellénistique, mauritanienne et romaine dans la création du territoire, en soulignant les particularités des villes nord-africaines. Le projet cherche également à comprendre quels sont les liens établis depuis la rive nord de l’Afrique dans l'Antiquité avec la Méditerranée, et en particulier les connexions avec la péninsule ibérique, avant et après l'imposition de la politique administrative romaine.

[EN] This paper introduces the research about the Late Roman archaeological site of La Calzadilla, and some of the most remarkable results. Our scope is to investigate the settlement pattern and land use over a period ranging from the Late Iron Age or Late Vaccean period to the Late Antiquity. The project uses legacy data from the Regional Archaeological Gazetteer, including valuable information about settlement patterns in the Adaja and Eremsa interfluve, in the present-day provinces of Valladolid and Segovia. Furthermore, our research incorporates the results of archaeological field surveys over areas of interest to shed light on the Late IronAge Roman transition and differential rhythms of settlement pattern., [ES] Presentamos el estudio del territorio alrededor del yacimiento de época tardía de La Calzadilla (Valladolid) desarrollado en los últimos años y sus resultados más significativos. Planteamos un estudio sobre la ocupación y explotación del territorio de una forma diacrónica desde época tardovaccea hasta el final de la Tardoantigüedad. Esta tarea se ha realizado empleando datos arqueológicos, o legacy data, provenientes del Inventario Arqueológico regional acerca del patrón de poblamiento en época romana en el interfluvio de los ríos Adaja y Eresma, en las provincias de Valladolid y Segovia. A estos datos sumamos también la información de prospecciones arqueológicas superficiales realizadas sobre algunas zonas de interés para completar una visión regional sobre los ritmos de ocupación del espacio entre el final de la Segunda Edad de Hierro y época romana.

[ES] El territorio costero de la icónica ciudad de Tipasa (Tipaza) nunca ha sido objeto de una investigación arqueológica sistemática y en la actualidad gran parte de su patrimonio se encuentra amenazado. En el marco de un nuevo proyecto hispano-argelino se ha realizado una prospección que aporta datos inéditos para conocer las conexiones de esta región con el resto del Mediterráneo y, en particular, con la península ibérica. El espacio analizado es una franja litoral que se extiende entre el propio yacimiento y el Mausoleo real mauritano, ambos declarados Patrimonio Mundial de la Humanidad por la UNESCO en 1982. Entre los primeros resultados destaca el hallazgo de nuevos yacimientos de carácter residencial en el entorno de la Colonia Aelia Augusta Tipasensium, uno de los cuales, conocido desde el siglo XIX, ha sido objeto de una intervención específica. Ubicado en la bahía de la Corne d’Or, es un complejo que albergó diversas estructuras, incluyendo ambientes para uso termal. Entre el material recuperado se cuentan varios fragmentos de pintura mural romana entre los que destaca una técnica pictórica propia del Sureste hispano y no documentada hasta la fecha en el Magreb. Se trata de la decoración incisa, hasta ahora identificada únicamente en el ager carthaginensis, obra de un taller “local” fechado en la primera mitad del siglo I d. C. y que pudo trabajar en ambos lugares. El hallazgo permite reflexionar sobre la circulación de talleres y modelos compositivos entre ambas orillas, a la vez que aporta nuevos datos sobre una región aún poco representada en los estudios de pintura mural., [EN] The coastal territory of the city of Tipasa (Tipaza) has never been the subject of systematic archaeological research and much of its heritage is now threatened. Within the framework of a new Spanish-Algerian project, a survey has been carried out that provides unprecedented data on the connections of this region with the rest of the Mediterranean and, in particular, with the Iberian Peninsula. The area analysed is a coastal strip that stretches between the site itself and the Mauritanian Royal Mausoleum, both declared World Heritage Sites by UNESCO in 1982. The first results include the discovery of new residential sites in the area surrounding of the Colonia Aelia Augusta Tipasensium. One of these, known since the 19th century, has been the object of a specific intervention. Located in the bay of Corne d’Or, it is a complex that housed rooms for thermal use among its structures. The documented material includes several fragments of wall painting, including a Roman pictorial technique that is typical of southeastern Spain and not documented to date in the Maghreb. It is an incised decoration, which has been so far only documented in the ager carthaginensis as the work of a ‘local’ workshop from the first half of the 1st century AD, which may have worked in both places. This discovery allows us to discuss the circulation of workshops and compositional models between the two shores, while at the same time provides new data on a region that is still under-represented in studies of Roman wall painting.

In this paper, I reflect on the artefactual field survey of the hinterland of Roman Segisamo, present-day Sasamón, Burgos, focusing on the methodological aspect and recording off-site material evidence. The field survey data is compared to other proxies, such as satellite (Google Earth, Yahoo Bing), airborne, and UAV aerial photography, to gain knowledge about Roman landscapes and diverse dwelling types. New archaeological evidence from the hinterland of two Roman cities, Segisamo (Sasamón) and Deobrigula (Tardajos) is presented to pursue the interpretation of the landscape and territory exploitation in Roman times. The aerial images were compared to other field survey data, such as site catalogues or official regional gazetteers.

This paper discusses ways to improve traditional approaches to survey results, which have mostly been based on a combination of cartography and statistics as the most appropriate methodological tools to analyse and display spatial information. I will highlight the importance of combining maps and multivariate statistics in order to understand spatial phenomena and gain insights into quantitative datasets recorded within the surveyed spatial geometries. A visual approach to studying pottery assemblages with Multivariate Visualization techniques will be presented, and a work-flow proposed for the examination of archaeological space, combining statistical distances and cartography with a new method called STADION: Statistical Distances on a Map.

[ES] El castro de Peñas de Valdecastro también conocido como castro de Icedo es un viejo conocido de la investigación arqueológica sobre la Edad del Hierro en la comarca burgalesa y palentina de Las Loras. En esta ocasión, presentamos un breve resumen sobre los trabajos de prospección y excavación desarrollados en el castro desde 2018 hasta 2022. En concreto, desarrollaremos los resultados de la excavación efectuada sobre el acceso en embudo ubicado en el lienzo norte de la muralla. Este elemento defensivo, similar al acceso conocido para el cercano de oppidum de La Ulaña, es también uno de los puntos mejor conservados del castro. La excavación arqueológica ha deparado una valiosa información para comprender mejor el momento de construcción, la cultura material empleada por sus habitantes y el aprovechamiento de la cabaña ganadera., [EN] The hillfort of Peñas de Valdecastro, also known as the hillfort of Icedo is a well-known site, mentioned abundantly in the scholarship about Iron Age in the Burgos province and in the territory of Las Loras. In this paper, we offer a brief note about the survey and excavation campaigns undertaken at the site from 2018 to 2022. We explain the results steaming from the excavation of the main gate located at the northern side of the fortification wall. We stress the similarities to a gate excavated in the nearby oppidum of La Ulaña. The excavation has provided valuable information about construction techniques, material culture, and subsistence strategies.

Challenging accessibility and visibility conditions limit our understanding of mountain sites in the Apennine areas. Given the difficult terrain, the archaeological information currently at our disposal has, as a rule, been collected in a non-systematic way. This hampers comparison and integration within wider, regional landscape archaeological projects. In this paper, we present a field method applied to two mountain sites with different characteristics in the province of Isernia, Molise. The hillfort of La Romana near Castelromano presents monumental walls enclosing an area of c. 20 ha, and is almost fully covered with forest and shrubs. The site of Lo Monaco near Longano, is smaller, with c. 0.6 ha, and has a barren, rocky surface. We applied a systematic point sampling strategy, collecting all finds within circles with a 1 m radius, combined with diagnostic sampling in larger spatial units. We also used various remote sensing and fieldwork methods to map structural remains. This combined method aimed to strike a balance between adaptation to the particularities of different mountain sites, and comparability of the results. We offer a new reconstruction of the walled area(s) of La Romana, and propose a chronological and functional interpretation discerning an Archaic-Hellenistic phase and a Late Roman-Medieval phase. For Lo Monaco, we propose a main Classical-Hellenistic phase of the settlement, and present evidence for (semi)permanent habitation as well as metal-working at the site. We conclude that the point sampling method is labour-intensive, but effective in better understanding the internal configuration and chronological development of mountain sites.

This paper focuses on the remote sensing and geophysical approaches to studying the Roman town of Segisamo, located underneath the modern day Sasamón, Burgos. Our research in the area started in 2017, aiming for a better understanding of a complex archaeological landscape in which a native oppidum, the traces of Roman military structures and a Roman town coexisted in minimal geographical space. Despite the effects of the mechanised ploughing or the recent construction of different infrastructures – including a highway –, the area has an enormous potential to implement non invasive method ologies. We will stress the role of aerial photography, the benefits of continuous landscape monitoring, and the creation of cost effective, remote sensing approaches that include external NIR cameras attached to UAVs. The aerial photography results will be combined with the outcome of ongoing geophysical surveys using both Ground Penetrating Radar (henceforth GPR) and magnetometer.