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Objectives: Innovative precision dietary procedures are required to promote healthy aging. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of a personalised strategy based on the inclusion of individualised foods and digital tools on overall health status and quality of life within a follow-up of 3 months in older adults with overweight or obesity. Methods: 127 men and women aged between 50 and 80 years with overweight/obesity participated in the study-between January 2020 and September 2020 at the Center for Nutrition Research-University of Navarra and IMDEA-ALIMENTACIÓN-and were randomly assigned to a usual-care group (standard recommendations) or precision group (precision nutrition strategy based on the inclusion of individualised foods and a mobile application). Anthropometry, body fat percentage, biochemical parameters, diet, and quality of life (SF-36 Health Survey) were assessed at baseline and after 3 months. Results: Both strategies were found to improve overall metabolic health; however, the precision approach demonstrated significantly better outcomes. The precision strategy reduced body weight at 3 months (-4.3 kg; p < 0.001) with significant improvements in body fat percentage, blood pressure and general metabolic health (glycated haemoglobin; alanine aminotransferase; aspartate aminotransferase; hepatic steatosis index) in comparison with the standard recommendations. The precision approach significantly enhanced the quality of life (SF-36) of individuals, with additional improvements in emotional well-being (p = 0.024) and vitality (p = 0.008). Adherence to the Mediterranean diet was significantly associated with a higher quality of life and vitality. Conclusion: These results support the benefit of precision nutrition approaches for promoting healthy aging and emotional well-being, enhancing the quality of life in aging populations, during the COVID-19 pandemic., Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad, Depto. de Nutrición y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Fac. de Farmacia, TRUE, pub, APC financiada por la UCM

Innovative precision dietary procedures are required to promote healthy aging. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of a personalised strategy based on the inclusion of individualised foods and digital tools on overall health status and quality of life within a follow-up of 3 months in older adults with overweight or obesity.

Lifestyle interventions have positive neuroprotective effects in aging. However, there are still open questions about how changes in resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) contribute to cognitive improvements. The Projecte Moviment is a 12-week randomized controlled trial of a multimodal data acquisition protocol that investigated the effects of aerobic exercise (AE), computerized cognitive training (CCT), and their combination (COMB). An initial list of 109 participants was recruited from which a total of 82 participants (62% female; age¿=¿58.38¿±¿5.47) finished the intervention with a level of adherence¿>¿80%. Only in the COMB group, we revealed an extended network of 33 connections that involved an increased and decreased rsFC within and between the aDMN/pDMN and a reduced rsFC between the bilateral supplementary motor areas and the right thalamus. No global and especially local rsFC changes due to any intervention mediated the cognitive benefits detected in the AE and COMB groups. Projecte Moviment provides evidence of the clinical relevance of lifestyle interventions and the potential benefits when combining them., Open Access funding provided thanks to the CRUE-CSIC agreement with Springer Nature. Projecte Moviment is a project funded by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness under two grants: Neuroplasticity in the adulthood: physical exercise and cognitive training (PSI2013-47724-P) and Integrative omics study on the neurobiological effects of physical activity and cognitive stimulation (PSI2016-77475-R). It has also been rewarded with three pre-doctoral fellowships (FPU014/01460, FI-2016, and FI-2018). It was supported by the ICREA Academia Program to MM., SID is supported by a Beatriu de Pinós fellowship (2020 BP 00116). This work was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (www. mineco.gob.es) PID2021-122952OB-I00, Networking Biomedical Research Centre in the subject area of Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), initiatives of Instituto de Investigación Carlos III (ISCIII), and Share4Rare project (Grant Agreement 780262)., Peer Reviewed, Postprint (published version)

In 1983 the Neuropsychology Unit of the Institut Guttmann (Barcelona, Spain) was created with the aim of providing rehabilitation treatment to people with brain injuries. Its comprehensive model of neuropsychological rehabilitation, based on a holistic view of the person, comprises four areas: cognition, behavior, emotion, and identity. Beyond the affected person, it also helps family members. The objectives of the intervention program are: (1) to enhance the person's behavioral stability; (2) to promote the recovery of altered cognitive processes; (3) to improve functional capacity, despite the existence of underlying deficits; (4) to facilitate emotional adjustment to the changes generated by neurological lesions; (5) to assist, and guide, the person in his or her transition to a new identity; and (6) to provide education and emotional support to the family. This paper aims to recapitulate the history of the Neuropsychology Unit of the Institut Guttmann, on its fortieth anniversary (1983-2023), and to describe its comprehensive model of neuropsychological rehabilitation., En el año 1983 se crea la Unidad de Neuropsicología del Institut Guttmann (Barcelona, España); con la finalidad de facilitar tratamiento rehabilitador a personas con lesiones cerebrales. Su modelo integral de rehabilitación neuropsicológica, fundamentado en una visión holística de la persona, comprende cuatro ámbitos: cognición, conducta, emoción e identidad. Más allá de la persona afectada, también proporciona asistencia a sus familiares. Los objetivos del programa de intervención son: (1) favorecer la estabilidad conductual de la persona; (2) promover la recuperación de procesos cognitivos alteradas; (3) mejorar la capacidad funcional, pese a la existencia de déficits subyacentes; (4) facilitar el ajuste emocional a los cambios generados por las lesiones neurológicas; (5) asistir, y acompañar, a la persona en su tránsito hacia una nueva identidad; y (6) proporcionar educación y apoyo emocional a la familia. Este trabajo tiene como objetivo recapitular la historia de la Unidad de Neuropsicología de Institut Guttmann, con motivo de su cuarenta aniversario (1983-2023), y describir su modelo integral de rehabilitación neuropsicológica.

[EN]Artificial neural networks are parametric models, generally adjusted to solve regression and classification problem. For a long time, a question has laid around regarding the possibility of using these types of models to approximate the solutions of initial and boundary value problems, as a means for numerical integration. Recent improvements in deep-learning have made this approach much attainable, and integration methods based on training (fitting) artificial neural networks have begin to spring, motivated mostly by their mesh-free nature and scalability to high dimensions. In this work, we go all the way from the most basic elements, such as the definition of artificial neural networks and well-posedness of the problems, to solving several linear and quasi-linear PDEs using this approach. Throughout this work we explain general theory concerning artificial neural networks, including topics such as vanishing gradients, non-convex optimization or regularization, and we adapt them to better suite the initial and boundary value problems nature. Some of the original contributions in this work include: an analysis of the vanishing gradient problem with respect to the input derivatives, a custom regularization technique based on the network’s parameters derivatives, and a method to rescale the subgradients of the multi-objective of the loss function used to optimize the network., [ES]Las redes neuronales son modelos paramétricos generalmente usados para resolver problemas de regresiones y clasificación. Durante bastante tiempo ha rondado la pregunta de si es posible usar este tipo de modelos para aproximar soluciones de problemas de valores iniciales y de contorno, como un medio de integración numérica. Los cambios recientes en deep-learning han hecho este enfoque más viable, y métodos basados en entrenar (ajustar) redes neuronales han empezado a surgir motivados por su no necesidad de un mallado y su buena escalabilidad a altas dimensiones. En este trabajo, vamos desde los elementos más básicos, como la definición de una red neuronal o la buena definición de los problemas, hasta ser capaces de resolver diversas EDPs lineales y casi-lineales. A lo largo del trabajo explicamos la teoría general relacionada con redes neuronales, que incluyen tópicos como los problemas de desvanecimiento de gradientes (vanishing gradient), optimización no-convexa y técnicas de regularización, y los adaptamos a la naturaleza de los problemas de valores iniciales y de contorno. Algunas de las contribuciones originales de este trabajo incluyen: un análisis del desvanecimiento de gradientes con respecto a las variables de entrada, una técnica de regularización customizada basada en las derivadas de los parámetros de la red neuronal, y un método para rescalar los subgradientes de la función de coste multi-objectivo usada para optimizar la red neuronal.

Os pacientes que sobrevivem a um traumatismo cranioencefálico (TCE) moderado ou grave com frequência apresentam alterações na memória de trabalho. O objetivo deste trabalho é estudar o padrão de recuperação dos subsistemas verbal e viso-espacial do modelo de memória de trabalho de Baddeley. Participaram dezessete pacientes com TCE moderado ou grave com idades entre 20 e 64 anos. Para avaliar o Circuito Fonológico foram utilizados os Dígitos Diretos, Dígitos Inversos e Dígitos Crescentes; para a Agenda viso-espacial, a Soma Espacial e o Teste de Símbolos. Os pacientes foram avaliados aos 2, 3 e 4 meses depois do TCE. Os resultados revelam que os dois subsistemas mostram um padrão diferente de recuperação póslesão em pacientes com TCE moderado ou grave. O rendimento nas provas utilizadas para avaliar o Circuito Fonológico se manteve sem mudanças significativas. Os participantes melhoraram seu desempenho em soma espacial através das diferentes administrações. Os resultados no teste de símbolos não mudaram., Los pacientes que sobreviven a un traumatismo craneoencefálico (TCE) moderado o grave con frecuencia presentan alteraciones en la memoria de trabajo. El objetivo de este trabajo es estudiar el patrón de recuperación de los subsistemas verbal y visoespacial del modelo de memoria de trabajo de Baddeley. Participaron diecisiete pacientes con un TCE moderado o grave con edades comprendidas entre 20 y 64 años. Para evaluar el Bucle Fonológico se utilizó Dígitos Directos, Dígitos Inversos y Dígitos Crecientes; para la Agenda Visuoespacial Suma espacial y Span de Símbolos. Los pacientes fueron evaluados a los 2, 3 y 4 meses después del TCE. Los resultados revelan que los dos subsistemas muestran un patrón diferente de recuperación post-lesional en pacientes con TCE moderado o grave. El rendimiento en las pruebas utilizadas para evaluar el Bucle Fonológico se mantuvo sin cambios. Los participantes mejoraron su desempeño en suma espacial a través de las diferentes administraciones. Los resultados en span de símbolos no cambiaron., Patients who survive moderate to severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) frequently suffer working memory deficits. The aim of this study is to evaluate the recovery pattern of the verbal and visuospatial subsystems of Baddeley's working memory model. Seventeen patients with moderate to severe TBI, aged from 20 to 64 years, were tested on the phonological loop (Digit Span Forward, Digit Span Backward, and Digit Span Sequencing) and the visuospatial sketchpad (Spatial Addition and Symbol Span). All the tests were administered at three time points during the study. Patients were tested at 2, 3, and 4 months postinjury. Results highlight that the two slave systems show a different pattern of post-injury recovery in patients with moderate to severe TBI. The scores of the tests used to assess the phonological loop remained unchanged throughout the study. The participants improve their performance in Spatial Addittion through the different administrations. The performance in Symbol Span does not change.

Funding: This study was partially funded by the INNOBRAIN project: New Technologies for Innovation in Cognitive Stimulation and Rehabilitation (COMRDI15-1-0017). ACCIÓ-Comunitat RIS3CAT d'innovació en salut NEXTHEALTH (COM15-1-0004) cofinanced this project under the FEDER Catalonia 2014-2020 Operational Program, Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of disability worldwide. TBI is a highly heterogeneous disease, which makes it complex for effective therapeutic interventions. Cluster analysis has been extensively applied in previous research studies to identify homogeneous subgroups based on performance in neuropsychological baseline tests. Nevertheless, most analyzed samples are rarely larger than a size of 100, and different cluster analysis approaches and cluster validity indices have been scarcely compared or applied in web-based rehabilitation treatments. The aims of our study were as follows: (1) to apply state-of-the-art cluster validity indices to different cluster strategies: hierarchical, partitional, and model-based, (2) to apply combined strategies of dimensionality reduction by using principal component analysis and random forests and perform stability assessment of the final profiles, (3) to characterize the identified profiles by using demographic and clinically relevant variables, and (4) to study the external validity of the obtained clusters by considering 3 relevant aspects of TBI rehabilitation: Glasgow Coma Scale, functional independence measure, and execution of web-based cognitive tasks. This study was performed from August 2008 to July 2019. Different cluster strategies were executed with Mclust, factoextra, and cluster R packages. For combined strategies, we used the FactoMineR and random forest R packages. Stability analysis was performed with the fpc R package. Between-group comparisons for external validation were performed using 2-tailed t test, chi-square test, or Mann-Whitney U test, as appropriate. We analyzed 574 adult patients with TBI (mostly severe) who were undergoing web-based rehabilitation. We identified and characterized 3 clusters with strong internal validation: (1) moderate attentional impairment and moderate dysexecutive syndrome with mild memory impairment and normal spatiotemporal perception, with almost 66% (111/170)

Os objetivos deste estudo são (1) Avaliar a formação de conceitos em pacientes hospitalizados com Acidente Vascular Cerebral (AVC) e (2) Estudar sua recuperação, longitudinalmente, durante um tratamento neurorehabilitador. Foi avaliada a formação de conceitos em 20 pacientes com AVC mediante o subteste de Semelhanças (WAIS-IV). Idade média: 51 ± 7,34 anos. Nível de escolaridade: baixa (n=5), média (n=7) e alta (n=8). Semelhanças foram administradas em 7 ocasiçoes ao longo de 13 semanas. A primeira 2,06 ± 1,22 meses pós-AVC e a última 4,76 ±1,27 meses pós-AVC. As respostas erradas foram categorizadas utilizando um sistema de classificação ad hoc. Na primeira dministração, nove participantes obtiveram um rendimento limite-patológico, fortemente influenciado pela escolaridade mas não pela idade nem o tempo pós-AVC. As respostas erradas foram heterogêneas entre os participantes. A análise longitudinal mostrou melhora no rendimento em Semelhanças durante os 5 meses pós-AVC, acompanhada de mudanças em determinadas respostas erradas., Los objetivos de este estudio son (1) Evaluar la formación de conceptos en pacientes hospitalizados por ictus y (2) Estudiar su recuperación, longitudinalmente, durante un tratamiento neurorehabilitador. Se valoró la formación de conceptos en 20 pacientes con ictus mediante el subtest de Semejanzas (WAIS-IV). Edad media: 51 ± 7,34 años. Nivel de escolaridad: baja (n=5), media (n=7) y alta (n=8). Semejanzas se administró en 7 ocasiones a lo largo de 13 semanas. La primera 2,06 ± 1,22 meses post-ictus y la última 4,76 ± 1,27 meses post-ictus. Las respuestas erróneas se categorizaron utilizando un sistema de clasificación ad hoc. En la primera administración nueve participantes obtuvieron un rendimiento límite-patológico, fuertemente influido por la escolaridad pero no por la edad ni el tiempo post-ictus. Las respuestas erróneas fueron heterogéneas entre participantes. El análisis longitudinal mostró una mejora en el rendimiento en Semejanzas durante los 5 meses post-ictus, acompañada de cambios en determinadas respuestas erróneas., The main objectives of this study are (1) to assess concept formation in hospitalized stroke patients and (2) to study its recovery pattern, longitudinally, within a neurorehabilitation treatment. Concept formation was assessed in 20 stroke patients using the Similarities subtest (WAIS-IV). Mean age: 51 ± 7.34 years. Educational level: Low (n=5), middle (n=7) and high (n=8). The Similarities subtest was completed a total of 7 times during a 13 -week period. The first assessment was 2.06 ± 1.22 months post-stroke and the last one 4.76 ± 1.27 months post-stroke. Erroneous answers were categorized using an ad hoc classification system. Initially, 9 participants showed a pathological - borderline performance, heavily influenced by educational level but not by age or time post-stroke. Erroneous responses were highly variable among participants. Longitudinal analysis show a significant improvement in concept formation during the 5 months post-stroke, accompanied by changes in specific error types.