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The brewing industry generates large amounts of waste, of which brewer spent grain (BSG) is the most important. The BSG has been found to be a rich source of phenolic compounds, such as ferulic acid (FA), which possesses several health-promoting properties. This study focuses on evaluating by using alternative methods some bioactive properties of different extracts rich in ferulic acid. Three different extracts were studied depending on the extraction method: chemical, enzymatic and hydrothermal extract. In addition, the influence of FA encapsulation in liposomes was also evaluated. Mainly, cell migration, involved in the healing process, and antioxidant capacity were evaluated using HaCaT (human keratinocytes) and HDF (human dermal fibroblasts) cells. The results obtained show that FA encapsulation increased cell migration. Furthermore, it was observed that the encapsulated enzyme extract is the one that increases cell migration the most. On the other hand, regarding antioxidant capacity, it was observed that the extract with the highest antioxidant activity was the encapsulated hydrothermal extract. Again, in this test it was also observed that liposomes improve the antioxidant capacity with respect to free FA. In summary, the encapsulation of ferulic acid in liposomes improves cell migration and antioxidant capacity, being influenced by the extraction method used. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Revista de Toxicología is the property of Asociacion Espanola de Toxicologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)