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This research work aims to identify the prevalent anchors in the professional accounting career using the Schein scale and to describe the prevalent anchors by defining the values, attitudes, aptitudes, skills, and interests. Career anchors are defined by the competence, motivation, and values a person has to perform a particular job in an organization and are present throughout their working life. When determining the soft and hard competencies of the professional profile, universities must consider the career anchors essential for graduates' work performance. To determine which anchors dominate the competencies of the graduate profile, two universities in Latin America with a degree in accounting were selected. The study was organized in two stages: first, the operationalization of the research was conducted, including the description of the instrument through the application of 40 questions divided into Schein's eight anchors. Samples were selected based on the convenience of the authors: one university in Peru and another in Colombia. The sample includes all students enrolled in the accounting major, and the data were coded and processed. In the second stage, data analysis was performed by grouping parameters, analysis of variance, explanatory analysis using a test for the best clustering algorithm, statistical testing, and discussion of the findings. The predominant anchors in the two universities are creativity, entrepreneurship, and lifestyle. The selected universities placed considerable emphasis on training future accountants with an innovative spirit, integrity, and social commitment without neglecting the professional requirements. This approach allows students to undertake challenges and new businesses in their field of work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Let A , B be algebras and a ∈ A , b ∈ B a fixed pair of elements. We say that a map φ : A → B preserves products equal to a and b if for all a 1 , a 2 ∈ A the equality a 1 a 2 = a implies φ (a 1) φ (a 2) = b. In this paper we study bijective linear maps φ : I (X , F) → I (X , F) preserving products equal to primitive idempotents of I (X , F) , where I (X , F) is the incidence algebra of a finite connected poset X over a field F. We fully characterize the situation, when such a map φ exists, and whenever it does, φ is either an automorphism of I (X , F) or the negative of an automorphism of I (X , F). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research aims to identify and describe developmental levels of the notion of "half" in a group of children from two Shipibo-Konibo native communities of the Ucayali region, in the Peruvian Amazon rainforest. Fourteen students aged between 7 and 16 participated, six from Bethel community and eight from Bena Jema community. The community of Bethel is located approximately 6 hours by river from the city of Pucallpa, while Bena Jema is located within Pucallpa's boundaries, in the Yarinacocha district. All participants were assessed using Jean Piaget's clinical-critical method, with two tasks. In the first task, focusing on discrete quantities: different sets of cards with the picture of a fish were presented sequentially, some with an even number of units and some with an odd number. Participants were asked to choose and present back half of each set. In the second task, focusing on continuous quantities: participants were asked to choose and present half of a single raw spaghetti, which they needed to break with their hands. If the resulting pieces were unequal, they were asked to break them again and redistribute the results. Students from Bena Jema community were assessed with both tasks, while students from Bethel community were assessed only with the discrete quantities task. The results showed four developmental levels in the discrete quantities task. In the first level, participants took any one of two parts of the set to be "half", without checking if they were equal or whether putting them back together reconstituted the original whole. In the second level, participants took any one of two equal parts to be "half", but were inconsistent and accepted the possibility of the parts being unequal. In the third level, participants only took any one of two equal parts to be "half" but had difficulties splitting odd-numbered sets, including sets with fewer elements than the even-numbered ones they had previously split correctly. In the fourth level, the task was solved successfully with both even-numbered and odd-numbered sets. For the continuous quantities task, three levels were found. In the first level, any one of two raw spaghetti pieces was taken to be "half", without checking their evenness. In the second level, participants took any two equal pieces of the raw spaghetti to be "half", but without checking whether putting them back together reconstituted the original whole, with no extra parts remaining. In the third level, participants took any one of two equal pieces to be "half", checking whether putting them back together reconstituted the original whole. These results are consistent with reports from previous research assessing the notion of "half" in Western contexts. Results support universality in the development of the notion of "half", but show a delay in the participants' level of acquisition, taking Peru's national curriculum as reference. This study is a contribution to the understanding of the development of the notion of "half" in indigenous children living in Amazonian native communities, and shows the relevance of the Piagetian clinical-critical interview in these sociocultural contexts. The implications of these findings are discussed in relation to the universality of logical-mathematical knowledge, as well as the need to rethink the timing and manner in which the notion of "half" appears in the curriculum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Let X be a finite connected poset, F a field and I (X , F) the incidence algebra of X over F. We describe the bijective linear idempotent preservers φ : I (X , F) → I (X , F). Namely, we prove that, whenever char (F) ≠ 2 , φ is either an automorphism or an anti-automorphism of I (X , F). If char (F) = 2 and | F | > 2 , then φ is a (in general, non-proper) Lie automorphism of I (X , F). Finally, if F = Z 2 , then φ is the composition of a bijective shift map and a Lie automorphism of I (X , F). Under certain restrictions on the characteristic of F we also obtain descriptions of the bijective linear maps which preserve tripotents and, more generally, k -potents of I (X , F) for k ≥ 3. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Arbitration offers a fast and effective way to resolve disputes between different entities. Arbitrators have the responsibility to solve these conflicts with justice and impartiality. Given the importance of this function, it is necessary to have professionals who have developed their moral capacities to the fullest extent. Unfortunately, various acts of corruption have cast doubt on the moral capacity of some arbitrators and have highlighted the need to investigate the moral development of this population. In this context, the present study aimed to describe and analyze the characteristics of moral reasoning and moral identity of a group of lawyers who devote a good part of their professional work to arbitration. Seventeen lawyers, men and women, who devote more than 50 % of their time to arbitration, participated in this study. The results indicate that, generally speaking, participants reason at a conventional level that makes them prioritize interpersonal expectations and the maintenance of the social system over moral principles. Additionally, the interviewees show different types of identities, some related to social or prosocial issues, but none strictly moral. The results are discussed emphasizing the consequences of low moral reasoning and poor moral identity development, and the need to rethink the moral education of students in law schools. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Elementary-school children from a Shipibo- Konibo indigenous community in the Ucayali region, in the Amazonian rainforest of Perú, were evaluated regarding their abilities to solve addition and subtraction problems. These operations were assessed by two means: through Jean Piaget's clinical-critical method (using culturally contextualized problems and concrete materials such as pictures of Amazonian fish, pictures of arrows, or beads and thread to make necklaces), and by a traditional pencil-and-paper test. Both the clinical interview and the penciland- paper test evaluated the same type of operations, which were taken from the national curricular program for these school grades. The Shipibo-Konibo people are an Amazonian indigenous group that speaks a native language in the Panoan family; since most members of this group are fluent in Spanish, however, no translator was needed and the assessments were conducted in Spanish. The Shipibo-Konibo people are principally settled along the Ucayali River in the Amazon rainforest in Perú, although currently many of them have relocated to other areas of the country, including Lima the capital city, in search of better work or education opportunities. After the Asháninka and the Awajún, the Shipibo-Konibo is the third largest Amazonian indigenous group in Perú. Informed consent was obtained following the guidelines of Frisancho, Delgado, and Lam (2015), which are based on previous experience working with Amazonian indigenous communities in the Ucayali region of Peru. As research has shown that individuals from cultural diverse backgrounds may have different expectations for the research process, and may perceive it in a different way than people from industrialized nations (Lakes, Vaughan, Jones, Burke, Baker, & Swanson 2012), informed consent included both individual consent and a communitarian meeting. It also included the donation of gifts (tools, groceries, and other useful items) for the community, and a debriefing meeting with the community's school teachers. The assessment was conducted by two researchers in a school classroom. It took around 30 minutes with the older children and 45 with the younger ones. In all cases the clinical-critical interview was applied first (addition and then subtraction), and finally the pencil-and-paper test. Although a native speaker of shipibo was present during the evaluation, his services were not needed as children were fluent in Spanish. Results show that children have difficulties in the development of both addition and subtraction. They make counting mistakes and have trouble understanding the logic of subtraction (taking a number from another, larger one). Some do not conceptualize subtraction as the opposite of addition and, in consequence, cannot foresee that joining two numbers that were previously separated will result in the same original quantity. Children aged seven were unable to solve any of the operations in the pencil-and-paper test. However, better results were obtained through qualitative, Piagetian assessments, in contrast to the quantitative, pencil-and-paper assessments. During the interviews, children were able to show their cognitive processes and ways of thinking while solving the problems, and with scaffolding, the use of concrete materials such as pictures or beads, and strategic help from the evaluators (Parrat, 2016a, 2016b), many of them were also able to develop a better comprehension of the problem and self-correct their initial answers. Developmental levels for addition and subtraction consistent with Piagetian theory were identified. These levels show a progression from the impossibility of grasping logical addition or subtraction, to the capabilities of psychological reversibility and logical composition of inverse and direct operations. The results are discussed using Piaget's theory and the problem of particulars and universals in cognitive development, and analyzing critically how this kind of assessment can help elementary school teachers respond to the needs of intercultural bilingual education in Peru's Amazonian indigenous communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We prove that every surjective isometry between the unit spheres of two trace class spaces admits a unique extension to a surjective complex linear or conjugate linear isometry between the spaces. This provides a positive solution to Tingley's problem in a new class of operator algebras. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work discusses the development of analytical expressions for the configurational entropy of different states of matter using a method based on the identification of the energy-independent complexes (clustering of atoms) in the system and the calculation of their corresponding probabilities. The example of short-range order (SRO) in Nb-H interstitial solid solution is used to illustrate the choice of the atomic complexes and their structural changes with H concentration, providing an alternative methodology to describe critical properties. The calculated critical composition of the miscibility gap is xc = 0.307, in remarkable agreement with the experimental value of xc ~ 0.31. The same methodology is applied to deduce the equation of state (EOS) of a hard sphere system. The EOS is suitable to describe the percolation thresholds and fulfills both the low and random close packing limits. The model, based on the partition of the space into Voronoi cells, can be applied to any off-lattice system, thus introducing the possibility of computing the configurational entropy of gases, liquids and glasses with the same level of accuracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The effect of the short-range order (SRO) of H on the structural properties of the Nb–H solid solution is studied in this work using an accurate description of the configurational entropy. For that purpose, a general analytical expression to compute the configurational entropy of interstitial solid solutions is deduced. The expression, suitable for the treatment of interstitial clustering and SRO, can be applied to tetrahedral or octahedral interstitial solutions in any crystal lattice. The structural model for the Nb–H solid solution presented in this work is based on the existence of H pairs in the α-phase and double pairs in the α′-phase. The model explains unsolved controversies in this system as the length of the H–H interaction and the relation between the disordered and the ordered phases. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

This work presents a formalism to calculate the configurational entropy of mixing based on the identification of non-interacting atomic complexes in the mixture and the calculation of their respective probabilities, instead of computing the number of atomic configurations in a lattice. The methodology is applied in order to develop a general analytical expression for the configurational entropy of mixing of interstitial solutions. The expression is valid for any interstitial concentration, is suitable for the treatment of interstitial short-range order (SRO) and can be applied to tetrahedral or octahedral interstitial solutions in any crystal lattice. The effect of the SRO of H on the structural properties of the Nb-H and bcc Zr-H solid solutions is studied using an accurate description of the configurational entropy. The methodology can also be applied to systems with no translational symmetry, such as liquids and amorphous materials. An expression for the configurational entropy of a granular system composed by equal sized hard spheres is deduced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We initiate the study of orthogonal forms on a real C-algebra. Motivated by previous contributions, due to Ylinen, Jajte, Paszkiewicz and Goldstein, we prove that for every continuous orthogonal formon a commutative real C-algebra,, there exist functionalsandinsatisfyingfor everyin. We describe the general form of a (not-necessarily continuous) orthogonality preserving linear map between unital commutative real C-algebras. As a consequence, we show that every orthogonality preserving linear bijection between unital commutative real C-algebras is continuous. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We study holomorphic maps between C*-algebras A and B, when f : BA(0, ζ) → B is a holomorphic mapping whose Taylor series at zero is uniformly converging in some open unit ball U = BA(0, δ). If we assume that f is orthogonality preserving and orthogonally additive on AsanU and f(U) contains an invertible element in B, then there exist a sequence (hn) in B**and Jordan *-homomorphisms T,T : M(A) ≥ B** such that...uniformly in a ≥U. When B is abelian, the hypothesis of B being unital and f(U) n inv(B) ≠ Τ can be relaxed to get the same statement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Let T : E → F be a not necessarily continuous triple homomorphism from a (complex) JB*-triple (respectively, a (real) J*B-triple) to a normed Jordan triple. The following statements hold: (1) T has closed range whenever T is continuous. (2) T is bounded below if and only if T is a triple monomorphism. This result generalises classical theorems of I. Kaplansky and S.B. Cleveland in the setting of C*-algebras and of A. Bensebah and J. Pérez, L. Rico and A. Rodríguez Palacios in the setting of JB*-algebras. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: We prove that every biorthogonality preserving linear surjection between two dual or compact C⁎-algebras or between two von Neumann algebras is automatically continuous. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

We apply an atomistic modeling approach to deal with interfacial phenomena in high-density uranium fuels. The effects of Si, as additive to Al or as U-Mo-particles coating, on the behavior of the Al/U-Mo interface is modeled by using the Bozzolo-Ferrante-Smith (BFS) method for alloys. The basic experimental features characterizing the real system are identified, via simulations and atom-by-atom analysis. These include (1) the trend indicating formation of interfacial compounds, (2) much reduced diffusion of Al into U-Mo solid solution due to the high Si concentration, (3) Si depletion in the Al matrix, (4) an unexpected interaction between Mo and Si which inhibits Si diffusion to deeper layers in the U-Mo solid solution, and (5) the minimum amount of Si needed to perform as an effective diffusion barrier. Simulation results related to alternatives to Si dispersed in the Al matrix, such as the use of C coating of U-Mo particles or Zr instead of the Al matrix, are also shown. Recent experimental results confirmed early theoretical proposals, along the lines of the results reported in this work, showing that atomistic computational modeling could become a valuable tool to aid the experimental work in the development of nuclear fuels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The H-sublattice ordering and the effect of local atomic relaxations due to H interstitial atoms on the structural stability of hexagonal hydrogen-M solid solutions (M = Sc, Ti, Y, Zr) is studied by means of the density functional theory. A first-principle based model is presented which, by considering the relaxation of the host metal cell, yields for the first time a suitable explanation for the observed chain-like short range ordering through a coherent stress field along the chain as well as its limitation to only six hcp metals, namely Sc, Y, Ho, Er, Tm, and Lu, and the absence of a mono-hydride phase in the same elements. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The review of interventions currently available to alleviate the burden of informal caregivers of dependent persons has both social and political relevance considering the increasing number of elderly dependent persons. Respite services and programs for psycho-social intervention are the main methods of dealing with this burden. Study of the main research carried out to date on such interventions enables us to organize more efficient services, especially considering the enactment of the Law on Dependence in Spain in January 2007 and the need for other European and international governments to establish systems to meet the needs of the growing dependent population. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: This work analyzes the public social services system developed in Spain to attend dependent persons and their informal caregivers, examining in a more detailed way the current capacity of the Spanish public In-Home Help Service (HHS) to meet the demands of dependent elderly persons and its impact on their informal caregiver''s burden. We begin with a brief introduction of the services by the Spanish public social services system developed to attend dependency; next, the evolution of the Spanish public HHS is described in a thorough way to identify the pros and cons of this service regarding the informal caregivers’ burden of dependent elders. Finally, recommendations are proposed to redesign and restructure this public in-home service to lessen the informal caregiver''s burden. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: This paper reviews the main theories and results of the existing research to date about the concept of the informal caregiver''s burden. The explanation of the burden concept, the theoretical approaches which attempt to explain it, the variables which have emerged in the investigation, the predictors of its appearance, as well as the intervention programs developed to relieve burden, allow us to approach the appropriate solutions to deal with the current social and political reality of this problem. In this sense, the psycho-educational intervention programs framed within the respite services jointly with the knowledge of the determining variables of the burden can comprise the first optimal approach in order to effectively deal with the burden problem of the informal caregivers of dependent senior citizens. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The study aims at analyzing the psychosocial variables associated with the informal caregivers’ burden of dependent older people. A sample of 296 dependent people and their informal caregivers (n =153) was randomly selected among users and non-users of the Spanish public In-Home Help Service (HHS) in an autonomous Spanish region (Comunidad Valenciana). Diverse variables in reference to the care context and the caregiver as well as the care recipient show major associations with the burden: those associated to disease and the social situation of the dependent person, the greater frequency and intensity of care, and the low frequency in which the caregiver receives help from others. The obtained data makes possible to establish guidelines based on the psychological and educational interventions which relieve the informal caregivers’ burden of dependent senior citizens, which must be combined with respite services, in order to promote the permanence of this population group in the community environment. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Aim This study looks at the objective and subjective characteristics of home respite service provision and its impact on the informal care burden of dependent elders. Method A sample of 296 dependent people and their informal caregivers was randomly selected among users and non-users of the Home Help Service (HHS) in an autonomous Spanish region (Comunidad Valenciana). An experimental design was used and a field study was carrying out that collected information on sociodemographic variables of the dependent person and his/her caregiver, HHS characteristics and the assessment of the services delivered by this resource as well as the informal caregivers'burden. Results The results show that the services of this resource are very limited, with low cover and frequency, and they do not address the real dependency needs in specific activities of daily living. However, users and caregivers are satisfied with this care and experience a higher quality of life since it was implemented, although the HHS does not alleviate informal caregivers' stress. Conclusion These data show the need to extend the services delivered by the HHS and the duration of care, address the caregiver's need for psychological care, and look at potentially modifiable variables in the care context when designing prevention and psychosocial intervention programmes to lessen the informal caregiver's burden. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Experimental work based on the analysis of Al/UMo diffusion couples contemplates the addition of other elements for dealing with the known problem of Al diffusion in the γ-UMo solid solution. In this work, we apply an atomistic modeling tool to gain understanding on the interactions that lead to this behavior, and therefore establish a framework for studying the role of additives via their interaction with Al, U, and Mo. As a first step to do this, we examine the interaction of a thin Al film on a γ-UMo substrate. It is found that the model reproduces and provides an explanation for the trends observed experimentally, leading to the conclusion that it might be possible to describe the complex problem of the interaction between several elements in a rather simple and straightforward modeling framework. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The bulk and surface properties of Ag–Au alloys, for the whole range of concentration and as a function of temperature, is studied by means of a simple modeling scheme using the Bozzolo–Ferrante–Smith method for alloys. Evidence for short-range order is found and explained, as well as its relationship with the experimentally observed segregation behavior. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Background: The last WHO definition of palliative care (PC) recognizes the integration of early PC in the course of illness and in conjunction with other therapies that are intended to treat disease as the way to provide optimal care. There is wide literature highlighting the benefits of early implementation of PC in oncological patients and there is a growing recognition of PC as an integral aspect of cancer treatment with the establishment of a range of specific guidelines concerning palliative cancer care. Nevertheless, these advances are not developed to the same extent in the approach of non-oncological chronic conditions. In this regard, patients of non-cancer diseases are rarely offered these services and even when they are admitted to a PC unit they are typically closer to death and have a lower functional level than those with cancer. It is important to highlight this situation as the great majority of adults in need of PC die from non-oncological diseases - such as cardiovascular diseases, chronic respiratory diseases or diabetes - accounting a higher percentage than those with cancer. Aims and objectives: INADVANCE project (funded under the H2020 Programme) seeks an earlier, integrated and more effective implementation of PC to adequately address the needs of nononcological chronic patients. Thus, this workshop is focused on early PC among patients with chronic conditions. This analysis will be encouraged by presenting the current state of early PC among this profile of patients, some experiences in their management at different healthcare systems. Finally, at the end of the workshop a common discussion between all presenters and attendants will be performed in order to analyze main barriers and facilitators to organize and implement PC services addressed to chronic complex patients. Format: A 90-minutes workshop session will be organized in order to achieve the aforementioned objectives. Two people from INADVANCE project will be in charge of organizing and running the workshop with the participation of the following speakers in these topics: "Introduction" (5min): outline of the main objectives and structure of the session (Ascensión Doñate). "Early PC for patients with complex chronic conditions" (10min): presentation of INADVANCE project, the current state of the art of PC services among non-oncological chronic conditions, how to identify patients in need of PC (Ascensión Doñate). "Experiences in the provision of PC among non-oncological conditions" (40min): five presentations of local experiences (Soledad Giménez, Vania Dimitrova, Panagiotis Bamidis, Adriano Fernandes & Gordon Linklater). Time for questions. "Barriers and facilitators to effectively implement PC" (30min): open discussion with speakers and attendants to the workshop (Soledad Giménez). For this session several materials will be arranged, such as a boards, markers or post-it. "Sum up" (5min): main conclusions (Ascensión Doñate). Target audience: People interested in PC, care and management of chronic conditions at clinical and organizational level. Learnings: Workshop participants will learn about differences in the provision of integrated PC between cancer vs. non-cancer diseases, real experiences improving the PC of chronic complex conditions and challenges for future improvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The deposition of Ag on low-index surfaces of Al, and the symmetric case of Al on Ag surfaces, are studied by means of a simple modeling approach based on a quantum approximate technique, the BFS method for alloys. For submonolayer deposits of Ag on Al, a preference is seen for growth of close-packed chains along nearest-neighbor directions on (100) and (110) surfaces, while cluster formation is preferred for growth on Al(111). For Al deposition on all three low-index Ag surfaces, diffusion of Al into the Ag surface layers is favored. The behavior seen on the various surfaces is attributed to a competition between the preference for Ag atoms to favor an Al environment, while Al atoms tend to avoid the increased energy associated with having Ag neighbors. The energies of the various atomic configurations are then determined by how the two competing effects manifest themselves for the corresponding geometric arrangements considered. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The BFS method for alloys is applied to the study of the Cu–Pd system. A variety of issues are analyzed and discussed, including the properties of pure Cu or Pd crystals (surface energies, surface relaxations), Pd/Cu and Cu/Pd surface alloys, segregation of Pd (or Cu) in Cu (or Pd), concentration dependence of the lattice parameter of the high temperature fcc CuPd solid solution, the formation and properties of low temperature ordered phases, and order–disorder transition temperatures. Emphasis is made on the ability of the method to describe these properties on the basis of a minimum set of BFS universal parameters that uniquely characterize the Cu–Pd system. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The Bozzolo–Ferrante–Smith (BFS) method for alloys was applied to the analysis of Al interdiffusion in the U–Mo solid solution system as a function of Mo concentration. The binary Al/U and Al/Mo systems show opposite behavior, which in the ternary case Al/U–Mo, translates into the role of regions rich in Mo acting as interdiffusion barriers to Al, in excellent agreement with experimental evidence. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Three specialists in social services present an assessment of Hungary's performance during the economic transition from the perspective of social policy and the general welfare of the population. Using figures drawn from a variety of European sources, they offer a review of social expenditure, labor market tendencies, and the social security, health and education systems, comparing throughout with data from the Czech Republic, Poland and the European Union. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Bozzolo–Ferrante–Smith method for alloys is applied to the study of Au growth on Cu(1 0 0) and Cu(1 1 0). Atom-by-atom analysis of the energy contributions of each atom in the system explain the observed features, highlighting the influence of the low coverage regime in the resulting surface alloy. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The BFS method for alloys is applied to the study of Pt deposition on Cu(1 0 0). The formation of a Cu–Pt surface alloy is discussed within the framework of previous results for Pd/Cu(1 0 0). In spite of the fact that both Pd and Pt share the same basic behavior when deposited on Cu, it is seen that subtle differences become responsible for the differences in growth observed at higher coverages. In agreement with experiment, all the main features of Pt/Cu(1 0 0) and Pd/Cu(1 0 0) are obtained by means of a simple modeling scheme, and explained in terms of a few basic ingredients that emerge from the BFS analysis. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

A simple and general expression for the configurational entropy of mixing of multicomponent interstitials solid solutions is deduced based on a probabilistic approach to compute the configurational entropy. The good agreement obtained with previous experimental and theoretical works based on Monte Carlo and partial configurational entropy calculations in binary systems show that the expression is suitable to be used as a reference state to compute the excess thermodynamic functions in multicomponent interstitials solid solutions. The results show that the configurational entropy can be computed to a high degree of accuracy in some systems without the use of a computer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The basic experimental features characterizing the Al–Si/U–Mo interface are identified in this atomistic modeling effort, such as the formation of interfacial compounds, Si depletion in the Al matrix near the interface, reduced Al diffusion in the UMo solid solution, and the interaction between Mo and Si which inhibits Al and Si diffusion to the UMo bulk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We introduce n -orthogonality (and completely orthogonality) preserving operators between C⁎-algebras. Our main theorem states that every completely orthogonality preserving bounded linear mapping between C⁎-algebras is a weighted TRO homomorphism. We also give several characterisations of TRO homomorphisms among triple homomorphisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this research was to demonstrate whether Covid-19 influenced the finances of interprovincial transportation companies in a region of southern Peru. The qualitative methodology, phenomenological technique and the instrument applied was the structured and unstructured interview. Through the exchange of opinions, the following categories and subcategories were identified: financial commitment, liquidity problems and solutions. The managers of the companies and owners of the mobile units identified strategies such as saving the balances of the money collected; having other sources of income, acquiring a business dedicated to another line of business. Solutions regarding the company's liquidity, so that they can progressively cover their expenses without difficulty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Blastocystis sp. is among the most frequent intestinal protists identified in humans globally. However, characterization of Blastocystis subtype diversity in humans is ongoing. We report here the identification of novel Blastocystis subtype ST41 in a Colombian patient undergoing colorectal cancer screening involving colonoscopy and fecal testing (microscopy, culture, PCR). The full‐length ssu rRNA gene sequence of the protist was generated using MinION long‐read sequencing technology. The validity of the novel subtype was confirmed via phylogenetic and pairwise distance analyses of the full‐length ST41 sequence and all other valid subtypes. The study provides reference material essential for conducting subsequent experimental studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Influencers generate opinions in individuals through multiple virtual platforms, this phenomenon implies social influence that induces consumers to buy and direct these activities to the sponsorship of brands, which means monetary income for the influencer. Many of these incomes are not reported to the tax system, which causes evasion due to misinformation or lack of knowledge. Therefore, the need for a correct adaptation and interpretation of the Peruvian tax regulations for the payment of taxes on income received by this segment of taxpayers was observed. The purpose of this research was a guide that interprets, simplifies the processes and provides a regulatory framework for tax compliance for domiciled and non-domiciled influencers. The tax guide was designed thanks to the adaptation of the Scribber methodology and consisted of 4 steps: Familiarization, coding, theme generation, defining themes. The guide was organized in level 01, describing how to achieve the tax obligation in the sector of digital taxpayers influencers, level 02, where the activities described by the regulations are mentioned and level 3, tax procedures carried out by the tax administration to influencers. This guide is an aid to define the category that attributes the taxpayer's tax payment method. By identifying the tax categorization code according to the type of activity. It identifies the key factors to be able to interpret and adapt the law to the influencer's activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Chronic patients are frequent users of healthcare services and are prone to hospital admissions. In Valencia (Spain) the Valcronic programme aims to manage chronic patients through different levels of telemonitoring and telecare. This paper examines the impact of the Valcronic programme on self-perceived HRQOL in a one-year period and on perceptions of satisfaction and usefulness in a sample of older adults with chronic diseases. Methods The sample ( n = 74) was randomly selected from Valcronic users and was stratified considering different variables. HRQOL was assessed using the EQ-5D questionnaire at two points in time: before the beginning of the Valcronic programme and after a one-year follow-up. Satisfaction and usefulness were evaluated one year after users’ inclusion. Results The whole sample experienced improvement, although not significant, of its HRQOL; patients over 75 showed impairment. Patients with at least one problem in the EQ-5D dimensions decreased after one year (82.43% vs. 74.32%). Users’ perceptions of satisfaction and usefulness were highly positive. Conclusions Our sample benefited from the Valcronic programme, experiencing an improvement in their HRQOL, a decreased use of health resources or high satisfaction levels. Implications Further adjustments are needed to address a comprehensive response to the needs of the global population of reference. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of the research was analyze the personal finances during the COVID-19 pandemic in inhabitants of the rural area Kunurana Bajo. The research is qualitative, exploratory and developed with the phenomenological technique, the instrument applied for data collection was a structured interview with fifteen merchant mothers from the aforementioned area, once the data was collected they were analyzed in the ATLAS ti software In this way, obtaining reliable results, it was observed that there was a decrease in monthly income, difficulty in paying their financial obligations, increased expenses and use of savings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We prove that every (not necessarily linear nor continuous) 2-local triple homomorphism from a JBW ⁎ -triple into a JB ⁎ -triple is linear and a triple homomorphism. Consequently, every 2-local triple homomorphism from a von Neumann algebra (respectively, from a JBW ⁎ -algebra) into a C ⁎ -algebra (respectively, into a JB ⁎ -algebra) is linear and a triple homomorphism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Three out of 10 Colombian schoolchildren carried gastrointestinal parasites. • Seven out of ten infection were caused by protist species. • Gastrointestinal infections were associated with stunting, malnutrition, and anaemia. • Relevance of recording anthropometric measurements and clinical signs. Gastrointestinal protist (GP) and soil-transmitted helminth (STH) infections cause significant morbidity among children in poor-resource settings of tropical and sub-tropical countries including Colombia. Few prospective transversal studies investigating how GP and STH infections affect growth development and nutritional status during childhood have been conducted in this country, none of them in the Antioquia Department. This microscopy-based study estimated the prevalence of GP and helminth (including STH) infections in faecal samples from schoolchildren (n = 384) collected during April-May 2019 in three municipalities of the Antioquia Department. Demographic, epidemiological, and household data were elicited through face-to-face interviews. Parasite detection was carried out by direct microscopic examination of both fresh smears and concentrated faecal material. Children (aged 6–15 years) also had their haemoglobin (Hb) levels, height and weight data collected, and BMI estimated. Data were analysed using bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis. Overall, 60.7 % (233/384) of schoolchildren were infected by at least one intestinal parasitic species. Among GPs, Blastocystis sp. was the most common species found (47.7 %, 95 % CI: 42.6–52.8), followed by G. duodenalis (15.9 %, 95 % CI: 12.4–19.9). Cryptosporidium spp. and Cyclospora cayetanensis were sporadically identified (0.3 %, 95 % CI: 0.1–1.4 each). Among helminths, the most prevalent species found were Trichuris trichiura (6.0 %, 95 % CI: 3.8–8.9) and Enterobius vermicularis (1.0 %, 95 % CI: 0.3–2.6). Hookworms, Ascaris lumbricoides , and Strongyloides stercoralis were found at prevalence rates <1 %. Underweight, overweigh, or obese schoolchildren had 1.2 times greater chance of being infected with intestinal parasites than their counterparts with a healthy weight (P -value: 0.015). Variables significantly associated with an increased likelihood of being infected by intestinal parasites include living in a household with unfinished flouring, not wearing shoes, being in close proximity to rodents, and having improper waste disposal. Relatively simple interventional measures directed towards the improvement of household conditions, access to sanitary toilets, and promoting shoe wearing can significantly reduce childhood infections by GP and helminths in the Antioquia Department. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: despite combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) effectiveness for the control of HIV infection, 15-30% of these patients develop Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome (IRIS), consisting in a clinical worsening at the beginning cART. It is important to know the prevalence and characteristics of people with IRIS to generate prevention strategies. Objective: to describe the prevalence and sociodemographic characteristics of patients with IRIS HIV-related, from a health care facility in Antioquia - Colombia. Methods: in a population of 515 patients that started cART between 2013-2018, we developed a cross-sectional study with a simple random sampling of 188 HIV patients. The presence of IRIS was defined according to French criteria or high suspected IRIS in those who had insufficient clinical information and have developed an opportunistic infection (OI) after cART initiation. Results: the prevalence of IRIS was 12.8% (12.5% by French criteria and 87.5% by high suspected IRIS). IRIS patients were 25% women, median age 41.5 years. 87.5% presented OI. From these, the most common was tuberculosis disease (72.7%). Conclusions: in the era of cART, there are still an important number of IRIS cases, which indicates the need to continue implementing preventive and diagnostic protocols and early treatment initiation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: We study orthogonality preserving operators between -algebras, -algebras and -triples. Let be an orthogonality preserving bounded linear operator from a -algebra to a -triple satisfying that is a von Neumann regular element. Then , every element in and d operator commute in the -algebra , and there exists a triple homomorphism , such that , where denotes the range tripotent of d in . An analogous result for A being a -algebra is also obtained. When is an operator between two -algebras, we show that, denoting then, T orthogonality preserving if and only if there exists a triple homomorphism satisfying , , and This allows us to prove that a bounded linear operator between two -algebras is orthogonality preserving if and only if it preserves zero-triple-products. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Atomistic modeling of subsurface Fe–Pt alloy formation upon deposition of Fe on Pt(100), Pt(111), and vicinal Pt(997) substrates using the BFS method for alloys is presented. The simulation results indicate preference for Fe atoms to occupy sites in the Pt subsurface layers and form an ordered alloy phase upon deposition on a low-index Pt surface. This behavior results in Pt surface segregation leading to nucleation of 3D Pt islands. A similar atom-by-atom analysis of Fe deposition on a stepped Pt(997) substrate indicates that Fe atoms prefer decoration of Pt step edges prior to formation of the ordered Fe–Pt surface alloy, where the ordered alloy is observed to form at the edges of the monoatomic surface steps. The pathway for Fe–Pt subsurface alloy formation is explained by a simple picture emerging from the competition between BFS strain and chemical energy contributions. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Fe–Pt alloys are of significant importance toward future applications of high-density magnetic recording media. In this work, we apply the BFS method for alloys to study the energetic pathway for subsurface Fe–Pt alloy formation upon deposition of Fe atoms on Pt(100), Pt(111), and vicinal Pt(997) substrates. The simulation results indicate preference for Fe atoms to occupy sites in the Pt subsurface layers and form an ordered alloy phase upon deposition on a low-index Pt surface. This behavior results in Pt surface segregation leading to nucleation of 3D Pt islands. However, the energetics behind deposition of Fe on Pt(997) indicate that Fe atoms prefer decoration of Pt step edges prior to formation of the ordered Fe–Pt surface alloy, where the ordered alloy is observed to form at the edges of the monoatomic surface steps. In each case presented here, the results are in agreement with experiment, and the formation of a Fe–Pt subsurface alloy is explained by a simple analysis emerging from the competition between BFS strain and chemical energy contributions. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The formation process of Zn/Cu surface alloys is investigated using the Bozzolo–Ferrante–Smith (BFS) method for alloys. The effects of the crystallographic orientation on the deposition process, formation of surface alloys as a function of temperature and coverage, Zn surface migration, and interdiffusion in the Cu substrate, are modeled and discussed with atom-by-atom energy analyses and large scale simulations. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

A unified description of Pt segregation in Fe–Pt alloys and alloy ordering after Fe deposition on a Pt substrate is provided. Atomistic modeling using the Bozzolo–Ferrante–Smith quantum approximate method for alloys explains the mechanisms leading to full Pt segregation in the first case and a stable mixed Fe–Pt surface with subsurface ordering in the second. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: to determine the effect of the change in antiretroviral therapy on virological control in a cohort of HIV positive patients corresponding to a healthcare institution in Medellín, Antioquia (Colombia) in 2017. Materials and methods: cross-sectional, comparative analytical observational study. It was performed in a cohort of 1245 patients living with HIV. Results: a total of 322 patients were evaluated. The main reason for change was the presence of adverse effects to antiretroviral therapy, followed by virological failure without genotype and antiretroviral therapy intolerance. Virological failure, PR 1.4 95% CI (1.2-1.6, p 0,00), having genotype, PR 1.2 95% CI (1.1-1.3, p 0,00) and suffering from an opportunistic infection, PR 1.3 95% CI (1.0-1.6, p 0,03), were associated with a greater number of changes to antiretroviral therapy. Adherence to antiretroviral therapy, PR 0.18 95% CI (0.1-0.3, p 0,00) and taking other non-HIV-related medications (PR 0.6, 95% CI 0.4-0, 8, p 0,005) were associated with a lower frequency of change of antiretroviral therapy. The change in antiretroviral therapy (adjusted OR 3.4, 95% CI (2.0-5.8)) remains the most important prognostic factor for virological failure. Conclusion: the change in antirretroviral therapy, defined in this study as the main exposure variable, represents the main risk factor for virological failure, even when was adjusted for other variables. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]