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Gustilo IIIB/C injuries are common for tibia diaphysis fractures with high rates of nonunion, osteomyelitis, and amputation. However, the managements on tibial Gustilo IIIB/C injuries are still controversial and individual. The aim of this study is to introduce the tibial periosteum flap combined with autologous bone grafting to treat Gustilo-IIIB/IIIC injuries.

Polyurethane grouting materials are widely utilized in dam restoration projects due to their advantages of early strength, rapid formation, high expansion and excellent impermeability. With the increasing complexity of the service environment, polyurethane grouting materials in practical engineering are influenced by factors such as ambient temperature, humidity, and external loads. These influences can lead to the emergence of damage cracks within and on the surface of the materials, which subsequently accelerate the propagation into macroscopic cracks, resulting in the deterioration of material properties. Consequently, this negatively impacts the effectiveness of the grouting repair. In this paper, the impact of service ambient temperature and humidity on the cracking process and fracture properties of polyurethane grouting materials were studied by three-point bending test. The findings revealed that the ambient temperature and humidity had insignificant influence on the failure morphology of polyurethane grouting materials, which consistently exhibited a flat and smooth surface. And the slight plastic deformation occurred around the pore edges in high temperature. With the increase of ambient temperature, degradation of the polyurethane matrix ensued, resulting in a decline in load-bearing capacity, fracture toughness, and fracture energy, accompanied by increased flexural strain. Notably, the brittleness of polyurethane became more pronounced at lower temperatures. The humidity environment slightly reduced the fracture toughness and fracture energy of polyurethane grouting materials.

Group B Streptococcus (GBS) is a major member of the Gram-positive Streptococcus family, which occupies a dominant position in the infection spectrum of newborns and young infants. GBS infections occurring 0‒6 days after birth are called GBS early-onset disease (GBS-EOD), and those occurring 7‒89 days are called GBS late-onset disease (GBS-LOD). With the use of intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis, the incidence of neonatal GBS-EOD has declined without a notable impact on GBS-LOD, which brings great pressure and challenge to clinical diagnosis and nursing work. However, the specific mechanisms by which GBS transmission triggers illness in newborns and young infants are not fully elucidated. Some factors, such as maternal GBS colonization, maternal characteristics (age, weight and ethnicity), preterm birth, GBS infection in multiple births, and exposure to human immunodeficiency virus, have been identified as risk factors for GBS-LOD. To prevent maternal and infant GBS infection, some measures, such as vaccination of pregnant women, gut microbiota regulation and lactoferrin supplementation, are developing. In addition, strengthening maternal health care and health education, along with some other conventional infection control strategies (including enhancing hand hygiene awareness among caregivers and making good disinfection of the environment and equipment) is also effective in the prevention of GBS-LOD. This review elaborates the prevalence, transmission, risk factors and prevention of GBS-LOD in infants, aiming to improve the understanding and clinical practice ability of the medical staff.

Postoperative delirium (POD) is a common complication in elderly patients after surgery, significantly affecting prognosis and increasing mortality rates. The underlying mechanisms of POD remain unclear, with diverse risk factors making prevention difficult and treatment outcomes unsatisfactory. Esketamine is a high-affinity N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist known for its anesthetic and analgesic properties. Besides its widespread use in perioperative anesthesia and pain management, esketamine has shown promising clinical applications across various disciplines including psychiatry and critical care. This review summarizes recent advances and mechanisms of esketamine in preventing and treating POD, offering new insights for clinical practice.

Background The prevalence of pelvic floor dysfunction in postmenopausal women is progressively increasing, leading to a significant impact on both physical and mental well-being due to stress urinary incontinence (SUI) . Objective To investigate the impact of menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) in conjunction with Kegel exercises on pelvic floor structure and clinical symptoms in individuals experiencing mild to moderate SUI. Methods A total of 75 patients with menopausal syndrome accompanied by mild to moderate SUI who visited the Menopause Clinic at Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University in 2022 were selected. They were allocated into the MHT group and the control group in a 2∶1 ratio using a random number table method, and the MHT group was further randomly divided into subgroups receiving Tibolone and estrogen combined with progestogen therapy (EPT) in a 1∶1 ratio. Both the control group and the MHT group underwent pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT), commonly referred to as Kegel exercises, for 15-30 minutes per session, 2-3 times daily, and 2-3 d per weekly, over a continuous period of 12 months. The control group received Kuntai capsules orally in combination with PFMT, with 4 capsules taken per dose, 3 times a day, for 12 months. The MHT group received menopausal hormone therapy in conjunction with PFMT. The EPT subgroups include continuous combined estrogen-progestin therapy (1 mg estradiol valerate + 10 mg dydrogesterone, once daily), continuous sequential estrogen-progestin therapy (femoston 12 courses), and the Tibolone subgroup takes tibolone orally, all of which were administered continuously for 12 months. The study examined serum estradiol (E2) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels within and between groups and subgroups before and after treatment. In addition, measurements were obtained for urethral rotation angle (URA), bladder detrusor thickness (BDT), posterior vesicourethral angle (PVUA), levator hiatus area (LHA), urinary incontinence quantification, ICI-Q-SF score, clinical efficacy, as well as changes in the modified Kupperman Menopausal Index (KMI) score, and the modified oxford staging (MOS) . Results Upon completion of the study, 7 participants from the MHT group were lost to follow-up (5 in the Tibolone subgroup and 2 in the EPT subgroup), with 3 participants from the control group also lost to follow-up. In the end, a total of 65 participants were included. After 1 year of treatment, there were no statistically significant differences in FSH, E2, and MOS between the MHT group and the control group (P>0.05). After 1 year of treatment, there were no statistically significant differences in PUVA, BDT, and URA between the MHT group and the control group (P>0.05). However, the LHA of the MHT group was significantly lower than that of the control group (P=0.028). After 1 year of treatment, there were no statistically significant differences in PUVA, BDT, URA, and LHA between the EPT and Tibolone subgroups (P>0.05). Statistically significant differences were found in the comparison of clinical efficacy between the control group and the MHT group (P=0.005). Conversely, no statistically significant differences were observed in the comparison of clinical efficacy between the EPT and Tibolone subgroups (P=0.727). After 1 year of treatment, the MHT group showed lower urinary incontinence quantity, ICI-Q-SF score, and KMI score compared to the control group (P0.05) . Conclusion The combination of MHT with PFMT yields a positive effect on the pelvic floor structure and markedly alleviates symptoms of urinary incontinence. Nevertheless, there is no significant differences between EPT and Tibolone in the improvement of pelvic floor structure and alleviation of clinical symptoms in patients.

Spectral reconstruction, critical for understanding sample composition, is extensively applied in fields like remote sensing, geology, and medical imaging. However, existing spectral reconstruction methods require bulky equipment or complex electronic reconstruction algorithms, which limit the system’s performance and applications. This paper presents a novel flexible all-optical opto-intelligence spectrometer, termed OIS, using a diffractive neural network for high-precision spectral reconstruction, featuring low energy consumption and light-speed processing. Simulation experiments indicate that the OIS is able to achieve high-precision spectral reconstruction under spatially coherent and incoherent light sources without relying on any complex electronic algorithms, and integration with a simplified electrical calibration module can further improve the performance of OIS. To demonstrate the robustness of OIS, spectral reconstruction was also successfully conducted on real-world datasets. Our work provides a valuable reference for using diffractive neural networks in spectral interaction and perception, contributing to ongoing developments in photonic computing and machine learning.

Objective To investigate the role of sodium-hyaluronate-modified calcium peroxide nanoparticles (SH-CaO2 NPs) in inducing pyroptosis in human gastric cancer cells and its possible mechanisms. Methods Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), infrared spectroscopy, and zeta potential test were used to confirm the synthesis of SH-CaO2 NPs. Cell scratch assay and CCK-8 assay were employed to observe the impacts of SH-CaO2 NPs on the migration and proliferation of human gastric cancer cell line HGC-27. The generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was observed with confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and quantified with flow cytometry in the cells after SH-CaO2 NPs treatment or with pretreatment with ROS inhibitor NAC. Furthermore, the effects of pretreatment of NLRP3 inhibitor (MCC950) and Caspase-1 inhibitor (VX765) on the proliferative activity and on expression of their own and their downstream GSDMD in HGC-27 cells were also investigated with CCK-8 assay, immunofluorescence assay and Western blotting. Results TEM images, XRD, infrared spectroscopy, and zeta potential test confirmed the successful preparation of SH-CaO2 NPs. Cell scratch assay and CCK-8 assay showed that application of SH-CaO2 NPs for 24 h significantly inhibited the proliferation of HGC-27 cells (P < 0.001), while, CLSM and flow cytometry indicated the treatment also promoted the production of ROS (P < 0.001). Pretreatment of ROS inhibitor NAC resulted in up-regulation of NLRP3, and increased expression levels of cleaved Caspase-1 and N-terminal fragment of GSDMD (P < 0.001), while pretreatment of both NLRP3 inhibitor and Caspase-1 inhibitor could reverse the process. Conclusion SH-CaO2 NPs inhibit cell viability of human gastric cancer, which may mediate the inflammatory response and pyroptosis by activating the ROS/NLRP3/Caspase-1/GSDMD signaling pathway.

UAVs are playing an increasingly important role in modern warfare. This paper analyzes the research progress, typical operation modes and key technologies of foreign UAV used in modern air to air striking. Analyzed the current technological development status of UAVs used in air striking operations abroad, and combined with the current development status of UAV equipment abroad, analyzed the advantages and disadvantages of direct application of UAVs in air striking operations. Based on the performance characteristics of typical foreign UAV platforms, three potential typical application styles for UAV participation in air to air strike operations are proposed. In response to the practical needs of UAVs for air to air striking operations, this paper analyzes the key supporting technologies for the application of UAVs in future air to air striking.

Objective Once the metro flood incident occurs during operation, mild cases will cause train delay and even train suspension, while severe cases can result in property loss and worse, personal injury. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the urban metro flood incidents and informatize the emergency management. Method Based on statistics, the typical metro flood incidents during operation in recent years are classified, and the causes are analyzed from both objective and subjective aspects. The problems in flood management and emergency response are summarized. The intelligent requirements for emergency management information platform are discussed, suggestions and measures on emergency management informatization are put forward. Result & Conclusion The problems in management and emergency response of metro flood incidents during operation include insufficient attention to flood in external operations that arise in daily management and emergency response, unclear shutdown standards, poor guidance of emergency plans, insufficient reserves of emergency materials and unsmooth linkage mechanism, as well as untimely information communication. The measures to informatize emergency management include establishing an emergency management information platform, reasonably commanding and dispatching emergency resources, solving coordinative issues with relevant departments in emergency accidents, establishing an accident case library to provide on-site decision-making assistance, real-time on-site videoing, emergency drilling, handheld terminals and etc. Emergency management information measures can effectively reduce the probability and the impact of flood incidents.

Objective The Laiwu Basin is a typical monocline fault basin in the central and southern regions of Shandong Province. It has a complex geological structure and an uneven distribution of groundwater resources within the region. Previous researchers have conducted a large number of hydrogeological and spring water protection studies, but no relevant research has been conducted on the relationship between the development laws of fissure karst and the distribution of karst groundwater. Methods In this study, karstification and groundwater enrichment characteristics were investigated in the Laiwu Basin through research methods of data collection, field geological surveys, hydrogeological drilling, and rock and mineral testing. Results Carbonate strata are concentrated in the southern part of the Laiwu Basin, with a monoclinal structure controlled by the geological structure, which is scattered sporadically in the northern and eastern regions. Karst development is affected by many factors, such as formation lithology, geological structure, groundwater dynamic conditions, and magma intrusion. The principal surface karst features are grikes and karst valleys. In addition, the principal underground karst features were dominated by dissolution fissures and holes at 400 m depth. Karst groundwater is primarily concentrated in multistage structural fault basins, hanging walls formed by water-blocking faults, groundwater pressure discharge areas, and karst development areas on the anticlinal flank of the mine. Conclusion The karst water cycle in the Laiwu Basin has a general regularity of monoclinic basins but is influenced by multiple factors, forming karst water systems of varying sizes that are relatively independent. Significant differences were observed in the development characteristics and water abundance patterns of karsts in different regions. Fault structures and geological water-blocking areas have relatively abundant karst water, whereas the shallow karst water has a strong runoff cycle. [ Significance ] This study provides scientific and technical support for the exploitation and utilization of groundwater resources in water-scarce mountainous areas of central and southern Shandong Province.

Cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) is the most serious subtype of cervical spondylosis, which is the main cause of spinal cord dysfunction in middle-aged and elderly people, and the pathogenesis of this CSM is complex, mainly including degenerative aging, dynamic instability, spinal cord ischemia, spinal cord injury, inflammation, apoptosis, and other possible mechanisms. The clinical treatment of the CSM mainly includes conservative treatment and surgical treatment, conservative treatment includes drugs, acupuncture, moxibustion, traction, physical therapy and manual treatment, surgical treatment can be divided into anterior surgery, posterior surgery, anterior and posterior combined surgery according to the surgical approach. The choice of treatment regimen should be based on the patient's symptoms, signs, and the results of auxiliary examinations, but how to choose the appropriate treatment plan is still the focus of clinicians. This article focuses on the research progress of the pathogenesis and treatment methods of this disease, in order to provide a reference for the diagnosis and treatment of cervical myelopathy.

Composite coating technology was used to prepare a modified polyamide 6 (PA6) polymer material masterbatch with low mutual interference and good spinnability using molybdenum oxide, tungsten trioxide, graphene oxide, etc., as modifiers. Experiment shows that using nanoscale composite-coated modified masterbatches capable of spectral heating and heat storage in the preparation of nylon 6 fiber, adding modified masterbatches with a mass ratio of 6% online, and controlling various process parameters can result in good functionality and usability as well as enable consistent production. Optimal production conditions are achieved by utilizing pre-dried PA6 chips with a moisture content of 420 ppm. The master batch is subjected to drying at a temperature of 95°C for 12 h. During this process, the master batch is introduced at an addition ratio of 6%. Subsequent spinning is conducted at a speed of 4,300 m·min−1 and a temperature of 255°C. Cooling is facilitated by air set at a temperature of 17°C, flowing at a speed of 0.45 m·min−1. In the production line, one roller operates without heating, while the second roller is maintained at a temperature range of 160°C. The stretching process is performed at a ratio of 1.3. To ensure proper lubrication, an oil rate of 1.3% is applied. These meticulously controlled process parameters collectively contribute to the most favorable production status.

BackgroundManipulative treatment can effectively improve knee pain and function, but no previous studies have shown that lumbar osteopathic manipulative treatment can improve knee symptoms. To explore the influence of lumbar manipulation on KOA and analyze its principlerelationship between coronal position of lumbar spine and KOA.MethodsPatients were divided into OMT group and DT group according to treatment. WOMAC scores were compared between the two groups, and X-ray examinations before and after treatment were performed in OMT group to analyze the imaging changes.ResultsBoth OMT group and DT group showed significant improvement in WOMAC score after treatment, and the improvement in OMT group was better than that in DT group. After OMT treatment, cTMI(P = 0.034), mL-SOD (P < 0.001), mΔL-KOD (P = 0.001), LL (P = 0.036), and FTA(P = 0.026) were significantly changed.ConclusionCompared with drug therapy, lumbar manipulation can better improve WOMAC scores in KOA patients. It relives symptoms by loosening muscles and correcting small joint disorders to improve local knee alignment.

[Objective] In order to investigate the effects of mushroom residue organic fertilizer and desulfurized gypsum on organic carbon components and carbon pool management index (CPMI) of saline-alkali soil. [Methods] The newly reclaimed wheat-maize rotation land in the Yellow River Delta was used as the research subject, and the randomized block experiment method was conducted to set up four treatments: no fertilization (CK), conventional farming fertilization (CN), mushroom residue organic fertilizer (MCOF), mushroom residue organic fertilizer and desulfurized gypsum (MCOG), which were treated by field fertilization for 3 years. [Results] The combined application of mushroom residue organic fertilizer and desulfurized gypsum significantly reduced the salinity of 0—20 cm soil layer, and increased the soil nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrition content and cation exchange capacity (p

Phellodendron chinense is an extraordinary medicinal plant, and its stem bark is a famous traditional Chinese medicine in China, containing a number of phytochemicals with biological and pharmacological functions. Studies have shown that the medicinal ingredients in P. chinense from various regions are different, as soil types might be important factors affecting the growth and quality of P. chinense. In this study, the effects of acidic purple soil, alkaline purple soil, yellow soil and red soil on the growth, nutrient element accumulation and partitioning in P. chinense seedlings were studied. Our results showed that the biomass of leaves and stems in acidic purple soil was significantly higher than in other soils, and the root biomass was significantly lower than that in yellow soil. C, N, P and Ca contents cultured in acidic purple soil were the highest compared to other soils, and K and Mg content were the highest in yellow soil and red soil, respectively. The distribution of carbon between different organs can reflect environmental stress. N has become a limiting factor for the growth and development of P. chinense seedlings. C:N and C:P ratios in the leaves were significantly lower than those in the stem and roots. Among four soil types, the highest N:P ratio was 1.65 in P. chinense seedlings. These results suggest that four soil types may significantly affect the accumulation and distribution of biomass and nutrient elements in P. chinense seedlings. The characteristic patterns in different organs have different responses. Acidic purple soil is more suitable for the growth of P. chinense. These findings will help to understand the distribution characteristics and requirements of nutrient elements in P. chinense seedlings, and further provide a theoretical basis and reference for site selection and cultivation strategy.

In this study, we realized a highly luminescent polyester fiber using a special spinneret orifice comprised of eight C-shaped pores and specific process parameters. A moderate amount of reversible photochromism materials was added along with the specific color masterbatch of suitable materials. With its high light transmittance and reflectance, the fabric has high glossiness and excellent transparency and exhibits dazzling color effects with changes in ambient light intensity. The raw materials used are polyethylene terephthalate (PET) chips with a low melting point of 110–150°C, 0.3–0.5% (active ingredient 30%) masterbatch, and 40–50% (active ingredient 50%) reversible photochromism masterbatch. The following process parameters were also chosen: for the PET chips, the drying temperature was 80–90°C, the drying time was 12–14 h, the masterbatch drying temperature was 70–80°C, the drying time was 8–10 h, the spinning temperature was 220–230°C, the cooling air temperature was 15–17°C, the cooling air speed was 0.45–0.50 m·min−1, the first hot roller temperature was 75–80°C, and the secondary hot roller had the heater turned off.

Background and aims: To investigate the disparities in coronary collateral circulation (CCC) and peripheral serum metabolites among patients presenting with chronic total occlusion (CTO) of the coronary arteries, a non-targeted metabolic approach was employed. Methods: A cohort of 22 patients diagnosed with CTO of coronary arteries in the context of coronary heart disease (CHD) was selected for blood sample collection from CCC and peripheral arteries. The patients were categorized into two groups, namely CTO-C and CTO-P. The Waters UPLC I-Class Plus is combined with the Q Exactive high-resolution mass spectrometer for metabolite separation and detection. The acquired raw data from mass spectrometry is subsequently imported into Compound Discoverer 3.2 software for comprehensive analysis, which seamlessly integrates the BGI Metabolome Database (BMDB), mzCloud database, and ChemSpider online database. Subsequently, the identified differential metabolites were subjected to a metabolic pathway enrichment analysis, as documented in the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) database. Results: A total of 403 differential metabolites were identified in CCC and peripheral serum samples from patients with CTO of coronary arteries in CHD. Compared to the CTO-P group, the CTO-C group exhibited decreased levels of metabolites such as Testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHA), deoxyacetone, while demonstrating increased levels of metabolites including Progesterone, androstanone, l-threonine. The biosynthesis pathway of steroid hormones emerges as the key metabolic pathway significantly associated with differential metabolites. Conclusions: Through metabolomics analysis, distinct differences in the CCC and peripheral serum metabolites have been identified among patients with CTO of coronary artery. Notably, a significant association between the steroid hormone biosynthesis pathway and CCC has been observed.

The deep integration of optical fiber communications and high-capacity, high-frequency wireless communications is a core technology for the future 6th Generation Mobile Communication (6G). It is crucial for establishing typical 6G scenarios such as immersive communications, ubiquitous connectivity, and integrated communications Artificial Intelligence (AI). This paper reviews mainstream technologies and solutions for optimizing the architecture and improving the spectral efficiency of fiber-wireless integrated transmission systems. It also summarizes the progress made by our team in these areas. Firstly, to meet the high-capacity needs of next-generation of immersive communications, a novel architecture for seamless "fiber-wireless-fiber" integrated transmission system is proposed using commercial Digital Coherent Optics (DCO). It marks a pioneering achievement in real-time wireless transmission at 100/200/400 GbE with photonics, achieving a maximum line rate of 2×240.558 Gbit/s. Secondly, for application scenarios requiring broad coverage and flexible deployment, the Digital Sub Carrier Multiplexing (DSCM) technology is incorporated into the optical fiber-wireless convergence access system. It results in a coherent Passive Optical Network (PON) supporting up to 32 channels of fixed broadband and 32 channels of W-band millimeter-wave wireless access. This coherent PON could reach a rate of 100 Gbit/s and is adaptable for flexible rate adjustments and future upgrades. Finally, addressing the demand for communication AI integration, a likelihood-aware Vector-Quantization (VQ) Variational Auto Encoder (VAE) is proposed based on AI technology for end-to-end optimization of fiber-wireless integrated communication systems. Without the need for terahertz power amplifiers, we successfully demonstrate the wireless transmission of Dual-Polarization (DP) terahertz signal at a net rate of 366.4 Gbit/s over 6.5 m 2×2 Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) wireless link and 20 km Standard Single Mode Fiber (SSMF) link. These technologies exhibit tremendous potential for future 6G applications. Moreover, we briefly explored the possibilities for beyond 100 Gbit/s fiber-wireless integrated transmission technology, focusing on high capacity, long distance, integration and intelligentization.

With the gradual maturity and application of digital assembly technology，the interchangeability design adapting to digital quantity transfer is of significant practical significance for improving the efficiency of aircraft control surface design，stabilizing assembly quality and reducing maintenance cost. Taking the interchangeability design of a certain type of aircraft control surface as the research object，the design points are analyzed according to the requirements of the control surface interchangeability，and the interchangeability design process coordinated with digital assembly is established. The structural elements of the interchangeability design are analyzed from the configuration characteristics of the control surface. The technical approach to realize the interchangeability of the control surface is proposed，and the corresponding reference indexes are given. Combined with the test method of aircraft interchangeability，the aileron of a certain type of aircraft is taken as an example to analyse and design the interchangeability of the control surface，which is verified by the actual assembly inspection. The results show that the design process of control surface interchangeability is feasible，which can satisfy the interchangeability requirements

A large amount of high salinity wastewater rich in dyes is produced in the printing and dyeing industry. Benefiting from the selective separating property，hollow fiber nanofiltration（NF） membranes are expected to achieve the efficient separation of dyes and inorganic salts，which can complete the pollution control of printing and dyeing wastewater as well as the synchronous recovery of valuable resources. Compared to the conventional spiral-wound NF membrane，hollow fiber NF membrane also presents advantages including high packing density and self-supporting ability. Therefore，it has received increasing attention in the field of printing and dyeing wastewater treatment. The recent research progress of hollow fiber NF technology in the dye separation process were reviewed. Specifically，the preparation of loose hollow fiber NF membrane and positively charged hollow fiber NF membrane suitable for dye separation were discussed. The membrane fouling characteristics of hollow fiber nanofiltration membrane in dye separation process and the corresponding membrane fouling control measures were analyzed. Finally，the future research directions were prospected to further promote the application of hollow fiber nanofiltration membrane technology in dye wastewater treatment.

GH4710 nickel base alloy ingots， melted by VIM plus VAR， were subjected to trails of two-stage high-temperature homogenizing heat treatments， the microstructure and grain size of the ingots before and after heat treatment were analyzed by metallographic microscop. the distribution and content of alloy element in the ingot before and after heat treatment were evaluated by scanning electron microscope and electron probe， as well as to calculate the segregation index for alloying elements in different positions of ingots. Test result verified that， the two-stage homogenizing heat treatment at （1 150±50）℃×30 h-（1 200±10）℃×50 h， it could significantly eliminate the eutectic phase in the structure of GH 4710 ingot and reduce the element segregation in the ingot，and the mechanical properties of the forged bar are improved significantly. Under the test conditions of 980 ℃， 120 N/mm2， the persistence performance reached 126 h and 134 h， which was about double improvement compared with 53 h and 74 h of un-homogenizing heat treatment production. The persistent elongation rate has also increased by more than 50%.

Cellular senescence is an important factor leading to pulmonary fibrosis. Deficiency of 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase (OGG1) in mice leads to alleviation of bleomycin (BLM)-induced mouse pulmonary fibrosis, and inhibition of the OGG1 enzyme reduces the epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) in lung cells. In the present study, we find decreased expression of OGG1 in aged mice and BLM-induced cell senescence. In addition, a decrease in OGG1 expression results in cell senescence, such as increases in the percentage of SA-β-gal-positive cells, and in the p21 and p-H2AX protein levels in response to BLM in lung cells. Furthermore, OGG1 promotes cell transformation in A549 cells in the presence of BLM. We also find that OGG1 siRNA impedes cell cycle progression and inhibits the levels of telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) and LaminB1 in BLM-treated lung cells. The increase in OGG1 expression results in the opposite phenomenon. The mRNA levels of senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) components, including IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, CXCL1/CXCL2, and MMP-3, in the absence of OGG1 are obviously increased in A549 cells treated with BLM. Interestingly, we demonstrate that OGG1 binds to p53 to inhibit the activation of p53 and that silencing of p53 reverses the inhibition of OGG1 on senescence in lung cells. Additionally, the augmented cell senescence is shown in vivo in OGG1-deficient mice. Overall, we provide direct evidence in vivo and in vitro that OGG1 plays an important role in protecting tissue cells against aging associated with the p53 pathway.

This paper, from the 'dichotomy' phenomenon of good policy environment and obstruction of actual operation in the development of palliative care service in China, introduces the current laws and regulations and system construction of palliative care service, and analyzes the causes, paths and behaviors of the underlying operation mechanism of China's medical and health care system that objectively hinders the development of palliative care service. It also presents how medical institutions of different natures respond differently to palliative care service. We believe that with the reform of China's health care payment method, the original mechanism will change accordingly and promote the development of palliative care service in many ways.

Abstract We aimed to investigate the correlation between lymphocyte subpopulations expressing inhibitor receptors, IL-6 levels, and the efficacy of immunotherapy in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Blood samples were prospectively collected before and after immunotherapy from patients with intermediate and advanced hepatocellular carcinoma who were treated with immunotherapy at the Fifth Medical Center of the PLA General Hospital from August 2022 to October 2023. According to the efficacy of the patients, patients were divided into effective and ineffective groups, with 40 in the effective group and 44 in the ineffective group. We compared changes in lymphocyte subsets and IL-6 levels between the two groups. Optimal cut-off value was determined using ROC curves. Then, patients were categorized into high and low groups based on cut-off value, and the disease control rates and progression free survival were compared. Before immunotherapy, there were no significant differences in the baseline levels of lymphocyte subsets (PD1 + TIM3 + T/T, TIGIT + T/T, TIM3 + T/T, CTLA4 + T/T, LAG3 + T/T, PD1 + T/T) and IL-6 between the two groups (P > 0.05). After immunotherapy, the levels of PD1 + TIM3 + T/T, TIGIT + T/T, and IL-6 in the effective group were lower than those in the ineffective group and these differences were statistically significant (P = 0.001, P = 0.008, P = 0.000). However, the levels of other lymphocyte subsets showed no significant difference. Using the ROC curve to assess efficacy prediction, PD1 + TIM3 + T/T, TIGIT + T/T and IL-6 demonstrated high predictive ability (AUC = 0.79, AUC = 0.81, AUC = 0.78). The predictive value of efficacy was further improved when all three factors were combined (AUC = 0.92, P = 0.000). Based on the ROC curve, we identified optimal cut-off value for three factors. Notably, patients with values below the optimal cut-off value had higher disease control rate and progression free survival. The levels of PD1 + TIM3 + T/T, TIGIT + T/T, and IL-6 after 2 cycles of immunotherapy may serve as predictors of treatment efficacy in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma.

The wide application of network technologies has meanwhile brought about increasingly complex challenges regarding network environment for the key infrastructure of the rail transit industry. Therefore, deepening the research on cyberspace security in the rail transit industry becomes increasingly important. This study expounds on the basic concept and major characteristics of cyberspace security in the rail transit industry and summarizes its macro situation from the perspectives of strategies in China and abroad as well as security system and standards. It sorts out the development status of cyberspace security protection systems in the rail transit industry from three aspects: basic, enhanced, and collaborative protection. Moreover, the study analyzes the corresponding security risks and causes, involving practical cases of traditional network threats and data attack threats, and concludes that internal and external risk factors become the double threats to the industry’s dedicated network and the traditional network architecture restricts network security and reliability in the rail transit industry. Furthermore, we propose the following suggestions: (1) strengthening the original basic research and systematic innovation of networks, (2) building an independent and controllable industrial chain of network security, (3) improving the operation and management of network security, and (4) enhancing talent cultivation for network security in the rail transit industry.

With the increasing proportion of people with lower limb dysfunction in the population, lower limb exoskeleton, mainly in the form of physical assisted therapy, has become a research hotspot in the field of rehabilitation. In this study, a wearable lower limb exoskeleton prototype model is proposed and its motion performance is studied. Firstly, the corresponding relation between human lower limbs and exoskeleton is established. Secondly, the standard D-H method is used to build the exoskeleton kinematics mathematical model, the forward and inverse kinematics is solved through the homogeneous transformation matrix, and the correctness of the model and the solving equation is verified. Finally, the man-machine coupling model is simulated based on the gait characteristics of human lower limbs. The goodness of curve fitting shows that the exoskeleton runs smoothly, and has good compatibility and tracking performance. The joint curve data provides the data basis for the formulation of the control strategy of the lower limb exoskeleton.

Long-range air striking is an important trend in the modern air operations. This paper focuses on the development of equipment, technology, and operation concepts in long-range air strike domain in foreign countries, analyzes the main research status in this field and summarizes the development trends in operation concepts, weapon platforms, and kill chains. Three typical operation modes of long-range air striking, which are collaborative target detection guided long-range striking, collaborative target indication guided long-range striking and networked relayed guided long-range striking, are proposed from the perspective of how guidance information is generated. Based on the development situation in foreign countries, key technologies supporting long-range air striking are summarized and discussed.

Objective To study smile exposure in 20- to 30-year-olds with convex facial profiles and to explore the correlation between smile exposure and other aesthetic indicators, as well as psychological factors. Methods This study obtained ethical approval from the hospital. After they gave informed consent and portrait authorization, 80 young subjects aged 20-30 with convex facial profiles had their dynamic postural smile and spontaneous laughter recorded. The videos were imported into Photoshop CC software, key frames were selected, and the smile exposure was measured. The three-dimensional information of the subject's face in a resting state was obtained, the relevant aesthetic indicators were measured, and the satisfaction degree of their smile and laughter were evaluated. Correlation analysis was conducted for smile exposure and the relevant aesthetic indicators and subjective psychological evaluation. Results There were statistically significant differences in smile exposure, smile patterns, relevant aesthetic indicators and subjective psychological evaluation between males and females aged 20 to 30 (P

Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common primary malignant bone tumor in children and adolescents, and is characterized by high heterogeneity, high malignancy, easy metastasis, and poor prognosis. Recurrence, metastasis, and multidrug resistance are the main problems that limit the therapeutic effect and prognosis of OS. PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway is often abnormally activated in OS tissues and cells, which promotes the rapid development, metastasis, and drug sensitivity of OS. Emerging evidence has revealed new insights into tumorigenesis through the interaction between the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway and non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs). Therefore, we reviewed the interactions between the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway and ncRNAs and their implication in OS. These interactions have the potential to serve as cancer biomarkers and therapeutic targets in clinical applications.

Black phosphorus (BP) has garnered significant interest in the field of biomedicine because of its exceptional degradability. The oxidation product of BP phosphate has been utilized in numerous studies for the purpose of repairing bone defects and inducing apoptosis and autophagy in cancer cells. Nevertheless, this process has drawbacks in terms of low yield and a slow rate of phosphate production. In this study, we found that the oxidation rate of BP was increased 120-fold and the yield proportion of phosphate BP product was increased from 30% to 85% with the presence of less than 0.1% copper ions (Cu2+) in the reaction system. The enhancement was attributed to the fact that the presence of Cu2+ promoted the bonding of oxygen on the BP surface and then the desorption of phosphate molecules from the BP surface. This study offers a novel perspective on the process of BP oxidation and introduces innovative concepts for the development of biological drug delivery systems capable of rapid decomposition.

Radiative cooling coatings are widely used owing to their excellent cooling performance and energy efficiency. However, there is a lack of comprehensive research on their weather resistance, long-term performance and effects on building load. To fill this research gap, seven coatings were selected for experimental observation and simulation research. The results revealed noticeable differences among different coatings regarding anti-aging properties, cooling performance and building load reduction. Some coatings exhibited yellowing, cracking and peeling after weathering tests, accompanied by a decline in their radiative properties. Long-term tests showed that the cooling performance of all coatings gradually decreased due to natural aging, and the rate of decline was proportional to the weathering of the coatings. Building load simulations revealed the potential effect of coating selection on cooling and heating loads, thereby suggesting that different coatings should be selected based on actual usage scenarios in different climatic zones.

Based on the self-made Zr0.5Hf0.5C precursor and commercial liquid polycarbosilane, C/Zr0.5Hf0.5C-SiC composite was successfully prepared by the precursor impregnation and pyrolysis(PIP) process. The influence of the thickness of pyrolytic C coating on the structure and bending properties of composite materials was studied. The results show that the self-made Zr0.5Hf0.5C precursor can be converted into Zr0.5Hf0.5C solid solution at a relatively low temperature of 1400 ℃. Because of its good permeability, the transformed Zr0.5Hf0.5C matrix exists in both the inter-bundle and intra-bundle regions of the C/Zr0.5Hf0.5C-SiC composite, which presents as a layered structure on SiC matrix. The phase composition of C/Zr0.5Hf0.5C-SiC composite mainly includes C, SiC and Zr0.5Hf0.5C. The densities of three groups of composites with different thicknesses of pyrolytic C coating (0.67, 0.84, 1.36 μm) are 2.07, 1.99, 1.98 g/cm3, respectively. SiC content in the composite decreases with the increase of the thickness of pyrolytic C coating. The three groups of composites with different thicknesses show pseudoplastic fracture mode during bending loading tests, bending strength, bending modulus and fracture toughness are above 410 MPa, 60 GPa and 15.6 MPa·m1/2, respectively. Good interface bonding and pre-introduced SiC matrix are the keys to obtaining excellent bending properties of C/Zr0.5Hf0.5C-SiC composites.

Abstract Autophagy is a lysosome-dependent bulk degradation process essential for cell viability but excessive autophagy leads to a unique form of cell death termed autosis. Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a highly aggressive subtype of breast cancer with notable defect in its autophagy process. In previous studies, we developed stapled peptides that specifically targeted the essential autophagy protein Beclin 1 to induce autophagy and promote endolysosomal trafficking. Here we show that one lead peptide Tat-SP4 induced mild increase of autophagy in TNBC cells but showed potent anti-proliferative effect that could not be rescued by inhibitors of programmed cell death pathways. The cell death induced by Tat-SP4 showed typical features of autosis including sustained adherence to the substrate surface, rupture of plasma membrane and effective rescue by digoxin, a cardioglycoside that blocks the Na+/K+ ATPase. Tat-SP4 also induced prominent mitochondria dysfunction including loss of mitochondria membrane potential, elevated mitochondria reactive oxygen species and reduced oxidative phosphorylation. The anti-proliferative effect of Tat-SP4 was confirmed in a TNBC xenograft model. Our study uncovers three notable aspects of autosis. Firstly, autosis can be triggered by moderate increase in autophagy if such increase exceeds the endogenous capacity of the host cells. Secondly, mitochondria may play an essential role in autosis with dysregulated autophagy leading to mitochondria dysfunction to trigger autosis. Lastly, intrinsic autophagy deficiency and quiescent mitochondria bioenergetic profile likely render TNBC cells particularly susceptible to autosis. Our designed peptides like Tat-SP4 may serve as potential therapeutic candidates against TNBC by targeting this vulnerability.

This study aims to investigate the influence of topical estrogen management in postmenopausal patients who had undergone CO2 laser ablation for vaginal squamous intraepithelial lesions (SILs). The clinical data of 211 postmenopausal women with vaginal SILs were reviewed. Patients were divided into two groups by 2-month different management: Group 1 (intervention group): patients were treated with estrogen cream 0.5 g every other day and Group 2 (control group): no topical agent was used for the treatment of patients. In low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSILs), the response rates for patients in the intervention group and the control group were 49.1% (27/55) and 54.2% (16/48), respectively; human papillomavirus (HPV) status turned negative in 12 (12/38, 31.6%) patients of the intervention group and in 15 (15/35, 42.9%) patients of the control group. In high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSILs), the response rates for patients in the intervention group and the control group were 72.4% (42/58) and 78.0% (39/50), respectively, nearly 1.5 times higher than those of the LSIL patients; 22 (22/54, 40.7%) patients of the intervention groups and 12 (12/46, 26.1%) patients of the control group cleared the HPV infection. In postmenopausal patients, local use of estrogen cream improves the recognition of lesions and is conducive to precision medicine.

Abstract Objective This study aimed to investigate the techniques and indications of upper sacroiliac screw fixation for the dysmorphic sacrum. Methods The dysmorphic sacra were selected from 267 three-dimensional pelvic models. The dysmorphic sacra which couldn’t accommodate a 7.3 mm upper trans ilio-sacroiliac screw were classified as the main dysmorphic sacra. Then, the size of the bone corridor, the length of the screw in the corridor, and the orientation of the screw were measured. The insertion point on the sacrum was identified by two bone landmarks. Results totally, 30.3% of sacra were identified as the main dysmorphic sacra. The inclinations of the screw oriented from posterior to anterior were (21.80 ± 3.56)° for males and (19.97 ± 3.02)° for females (p

Resin transfer molding（RTM）process is a major molding process in the manufacture of resin-based composites, and the simulation of this process can play a key role in the process of optimization for the design of RTM parts. This paper independently developed a three-dimensional non-isothermal RTM simulation model based on the control volume/ finite element method（CV/FEM）on the basis of two-dimensional isothermal RTM program. Based on the Darcy equation, the continuity equation, the energy conservation equation, the curing reaction equation and multiple rheological curing models, the simulation model adopts semi-discrete method and three convergence criteria to effectively solve the problems of mold preheating and resin non-isothermal in the non-isothermal RTM simulation process. For the simulation problems such as viscosity changing and curing heat release during the filling process, the simulation function has reached the level of similar international products. After the application verifications of the flat plate test piece and casing simulation, this simulation model can simulate filling time, velocity and pressure of RTM process that is the same as the products in the world. This simulation model basically has the ability of simulation for the actual complex structure parts.