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Da-Li Xu,1 Xiao-Mei Zhang,2 Xue-Ying Tian,2 Xian-Jun Wang,2 Lin Zhao,1 Meng-Ying Gao,1 Lian-Feng Li,1 Jia-Qi Zhao,1 Wu-Chun Cao,1,3,&ast; Shu-Jun Ding2,&ast; 1Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong UniversityJinan, Shandong, People’s Republic of China; 2Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Department of Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, Shandong Province, People’s Republic of China; 3State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, People’s Republic of China&ast;These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Shu-Jun Ding, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Department of Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 16992 Jingshi Road, Jinan, Shandong Province, People’s Republic of China, Tel/Fax +86 531 82679587, Email dsj_jn@126.com Wu-Chun Cao, State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, 20 Dong-da Street, Beijing, People’s Republic of China, Email caowuchun@126.comPurpose: To characterize the cytokine profile of patients with severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) in relation to disease severity.Patients and Methods: 60 laboratory-confirmed SFTS patients and 12 healthy individuals from multi-centers in Shandong Province of China were included, and all patients were divided into fatal patients (9) and recovered patients (51) due to their final outcomes. Multiplex-microbead immunoassays were conducted to estimate levels of 27 cytokines in the sera of patients and controls.Results: The results showed that levels of IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL-15, IL-1RA, G-CSF, GM-CSF, IFN-γ, TNF-α, basic FGF, PDGF-BB, RANTES, IP-10, MIP-1α, MIP-1β, MCP-1, and Eotaxin differed significantly among the SFTS fatal patients, recovered patients, and the healthy controls (all p< 0.05). Compared to the healthy controls, the fatal patients and recovered patients had reduced levels of IL-2, IL-4, IL-7, PDGF-BB, RANTES, and Eotaxin, while the levels of PDGF-BB and RANTES were significantly lower in fatal patients compared to recovered patients. The increasing levels of IL-6, IL-8, IL-15, IL-1RA, G-CSF, GM-CSF, IFN-γ, TNF-α, basic FGF, IP-10, MIP-1α, MIP-1β, and MCP-1 were observed in fatal patients (all p< 0.05), and the levels of IL-6, IP-10, MIP-1α, and MCP-1 were significantly higher than other two groups. The Spearman correlation analysis indicated a positive correlation between platelet count and PDGF-BB levels (p< 0.05), while the white blood cell count had a negative correlation with MIP-1 level (p< 0.05).Conclusion: The research exhibited that the SFTS virus (SFTSV) caused an atypical manifestation of cytokines. The levels of IL-6, IP-10, MIP-1α, and MCP-1 had been observed a positive association with the severity of the illness.Keywords: SFTS, SFTSV, cytokines, fatal patients, correlation analysis

Yu-Chih Lin,1 Liang-Yi Lin,2 Ming-Yi Gao,3 Yi-Ping Fang31Department of Environmental Engineering and Health, Yuanpei University, 2Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, 3Department of Biotechnology, Yuanpei University, Hsinchu, TaiwanAbstract: Mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) were synthesized as a promising drug delivery carrier due to the large surface area and porous characteristics. Our previous study successfully recycled wastes from the liquid crystal display (LCD) industry as the silica precursor. In this study, we substantiated the possibility of applying this material as a drug carrier. MSNs synthesized from the extraction of wastes from the manufacture of LCD panels were characterized as having an average diameter of 100 nm, a surface area of 788 m2/g, a uniform pore size distribution of 3.8 nm, and a pore volume of up to 1.04 cm3/g. Methotrexate and camptothecin were entrapped in MSNs at about 33.88% and 75.12%, respectively. The cell viability assay demonstrated that MSNs at 1 µg/mL had no significant influence on human lung fibroblast (WI-38) cells or ovarian cancer (ES-2) cells. A lactate dehydrogenase assay also indicated no inflammation occurred. Moreover, a hemolytic erythrocyte test indicated that the dose range of

Classifier languages are spoken by a large portion of the world's population, but psychologists have only recently begun to investigate the psychological reality of classifier categories and their potential for influencing non-linguistic thought. The current work evaluates both the mental representation of classifiers and potential cognitive consequences for speakers of Mandarin Chinese. We first provide a taxonomy of 126 common classifiers and a large sample of the objects classified by each as a tool for this and future research. We then present four studies investigating potential variation in the mental representation of the classifier categories. The data provide evidence that at least three forms of mental representation need to be distinguished. Finally, we present a fifth study investigating the impact of this variation on the cognitive consequences of classifier knowledge. This study suggests that the differences identified in Experiments 1-4 have important implications for the likelihood of finding cognitive consequences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Three dimensional pulsed continuous arterial spin labeling (3D-pCASL) and incoherent movement within voxels (IVIM) imaging was combined to assess dynamic microscopic structure changes of the hippocampus and temporal lobe white matter (TLWM) of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients post intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT)., Methods: Forty-six patients who were first diagnosed with NPC and underwent IMRT were prospectively enrolled. 3D-CASL and IVIM were performed pre-RT, within 1 week (1 W) post-RT, 3 months (3 M) post-RT, 6 months (6 M) post-RT, and 18 months (18 M) post-RT. Twenty-seven patients completed follow-ups for all time periods, and their data were analyzed. The cerebral flow (CBF) derived from ASL, and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), pure diffusion coefficient (D), pseudo-diffusion coefficient (D*), and perfusion fraction (F) derived from IVIM of hippocampus and TLWM were analyzed. The quantitative parameters were measured before RT as the baseline, and the corresponding parameter values and change rates at each time point post-RT were compared using the non-parametric Wilcoxon rank sum test., Results: At 1 W post-RT, CBF showed a significant increase and peaked in both the hippocampus and TLWM (p < 0.05) with change rate of 30.3 % and 24.1 %. In the hippocampus, both D and D* were significantly increased from pre-RT to 6 M post-RT with change rate of 6.66 % and 34.7 %, while D*-values remained significantly higher than pre-RT at 12 months post-RT with change rate of 41.2 %. In the TLWM, the F firstly increased and then decreased, and was significantly decreased from pre-RT to 6 M post-RT with change rate of 20.2 %., Conclusion: 3D-PCASL and IVIM can indirectly reflecting the developmental pattern and molecular mechanism of RT induced brain injury., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier B.V.)

Natural photosynthesis utilizes solar energy to convert water and atmospheric CO 2 into carbohydrates through all-weather light/dark reactions based on molecule-based enzymes and coenzymes, inspiring extensive development of artificial photosynthesis. However, development of efficient artificial photosynthetic systems free of noble metals, as well as rational integration of functional units into a single system at the molecular level, remain challenging. Here we report an artificial system, the assembly system of Cu 6 cluster and cobalt terpyridine complex, that mimics natural photosynthesis through precise integration of nanozyme complexes and ubiquinone (coenzyme Q) on Cu 6 clusters. This biomimetic system efficiently reduces CO 2 to CO in light reaction, achieving a production rate of 740.7 μmol·g -1 ·h -1 with high durability for at least 188 hours. Notably, our system realizes the decoupling of light and dark reactions, utilizing the phenol-evolutive coenzyme Q acting as an electron reservoir. By regulating the stabilizer of coenzyme Q, the dark reaction time can be extended up to 8.5 hours, which fully meets the natural day/night cycle requirements. Our findings advance the molecular design of artificial systems that replicate the comprehensive functions of natural photosynthesis., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

High performance and high stability in all-inorganic solution processed nanocrystal-based light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are highly attractive for large area devices compared to organic material-based LEDs. In this work, an inverted all-inorganic LED structure is designed to have an easy integration with thin-film transistors. Adopting robust inorganic materials such as Ni 1- x O nanoparticle films as a hole transport layer (HTL) is beneficial for the performance of LED. Herein, we have optimized the HTL by introducing Mg into Ni 1- x O to bridge the difference in energy offset between the nanorod emissive layer and the HTL, in addition to the advantages of low temperature solubility of Ni 1- x O:Mg nanoparticles. Furthermore, CdSe/CdS-based nanorods via electrophoretic deposition (EPD) are amassed in a vertically aligned (VA-NR) fashion as an emissive layer to facilitate the carrier transportation. Fostering these approaches enabled an EQE of 1.2% of the fabricated device, establishing the viability for further development of efficient and highly stable nanocrystal-based LEDs., Competing Interests: The authors declare no competing financial interest., (© 2024 The Authors. Published by American Chemical Society.)

Despite significant progress in treating chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL), resistance to therapy remains challenging. NOTCH1 activation, common in CLL, confers adverse prognosis. This study explores the impact of NOTCH1 signalling on venetoclax sensitivity in vitro. Although NOTCH1 activation minimally impaired the susceptibility of CLL cells to venetoclax, ex vivo cell competition studies reveal that cells with constitutive NOTCH1 activation outgrew their wild-type counterparts in the presence of ongoing venetoclax exposure. Our findings suggest that while NOTCH1 activation is insufficient to confer venetoclax refractoriness, there is enhanced potential for cells with NOTCH1 activation to escape and thus become fully resistant to venetoclax., (© 2024 The Author(s). British Journal of Haematology published by British Society for Haematology and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

A 4 4 .6 10 .8 topology hybrid ultramicroporous material (HUM), {[Cu 1.5 F(SiF 6 )(L) 2.5 ]·G} n , (L = 4,4'-bisimidazolylbiphenyl, G = guest molecules), 1, formed by cross-linking interpenetrated 3D four-connected CdSO 4 -type nets with hexafluorosilicate anions is synthesized and evaluated in the context of gas sorption and separation herein. 1 is the first HUM functionalized with two different types of fluorinated sites (SiF 6 2- and F - anions) lining along the pore surface. The optimal pore size (≈5 Å) combining mixed and high-density electronegative fluorinated sites enable 1 to preferentially adsorb C 2 H 2 over CO 2 and C 2 H 4 by hydrogen bonding interactions with a high C 2 H 2 isosteric heat of adsorption (Q st ) of ≈42.3 kJ mol -1 at zero loading. The pronounced discriminatory sorption behaviors lead to excellent separation performance for C 2 H 2 /CO 2 and C 2 H 2 /C 2 H 4 that surpasses many well-known sorbents. Dynamic breakthrough experiments are conducted to confirm the practical separation capability of 1, which reveal an impressive separation factor of 6.1 for equimolar C 2 H 2 /CO 2 mixture. Furthermore, molecular simulation and density functional theory (DFT) calculations validate the strong binding of C 2 H 2 stems from the chelating fix of C 2 H 2 between SiF 6 2- anion and coordinated F - anion., (© 2024 Wiley‐VCH GmbH.)

Stimuli-responsive physisorbents that undergo reversible structural transformations induced by external stimuli (e.g. light, guests, or heat) offer the promise of utility in gas storage and separation. Whereas reports on guest or light-responsive sorbents have increased in recent years, we are unaware of reports on sorbents that exhibit both light and guest-induced structural transformations. Herein, we report that the square lattice, sql, topology coordination network Zn(fba)(bis) ⋅ 2DMF (sql-5,6-Zn-α, 5=trans-4,4'-bis(1-imidazolyl)stilbene=bis, 6=2,2-bis(4-carboxyphenyl)hexafluoropropane=H 2 fba) underwent single-crystal-to-single-crystal transformation (SCSC) upon activation, affording nonporous sql-5,6-Zn-β. Parallel alignment at 3.23 Å of olefinic moieties on adjacent bis ligands in sql-5,6-Zn-α enabled SCSC [2+2] photocycloaddition upon exposure to UV light (365 nm) or sunlight. sql-5,6-Zn-α thereby transformed to mot-5,6-Zn-α, which was subsequently activated to the narrow pore phase mot-5,6-Zn-β. sql-5,6-Zn-β and mot-5,6-Zn-β both exhibited S-shaped adsorption isotherms characteristic of guest-induced structural changes when exposed to CO 2 at 195 K (type-F-IV and type F-I, respectively). Cycling experiments conducted upon sql-5,6-Zn-β reduced particle size after cycle 1 and induced transformation into a rare example of a shape memory coordination network, sql-5,6-Zn-γ. Insight into this smorgasbord of SCSC phase changes was gained from in situ PXRD, single crystal XRD and 1 H NMR spectroscopy experiments., (© 2024 The Authors. Angewandte Chemie International Edition published by Wiley-VCH GmbH.)

As an important force in promoting the transformation and upgrading of the national economy, the occupational health of the Internet industry's employees has received widespread attention. This paper examines the current situation of occupational health risks and management in the Internet industry at home and abroad, and on this basis reveals the physical and mental health problems of Internet industry employees. Combining the existing regulations, policies and standard documents at home and abroad, countermeasures are proposed to improve the relevant laws and regulations and their guidelines, implement relevant job design requirements, build a healthy working environment, optimise the work management system and carry out workplace health promotion, in order to provide ideas to accelerate the improvement of occupational health issues in the Internet industry.

The rice stem borer (RSB), Chilo suppressalis, a notorious rice pest in China, has evolved a high resistance level to commonly used insecticides. Tetraniliprole, a new anthranilic diamide insecticide, effectively controls multiple pests, including RSB. However, the potential resistance risk of RSB to tetraniliprole is still unknown. In this study, the tetraniliprole-selection (Tet-R) strain was obtained through 10 continuous generations of selection with tetraniliprole 30% lethal concentration (LC 30 ). The realized heritability (h 2 ) of the Tet-R strain was 0.387, indicating that resistance of RSB to tetraniliprole developed rapidly under the continuous selection of tetraniliprole. The Tet-R strain had a high fitness cost (relative fitness = 0.53). We established the susceptibility baseline of RSB to tetraniliprole (lethal concentration at LC 50  = 0.727 mg/L) and investigated the resistance level of 6 field populations to tetraniliprole. All tested strains that had resistance to chlorantraniliprole exhibited moderate- to high-level resistance to tetraniliprole (resistance ratio = 27.7-806.8). Detection of ryanodine receptor (RyR) mutations showed that the Y4667C, Y4667D, I4758M, and Y4891F mutations were present in tested RSB field populations. RyR mutations were responsible for the cross-resistance between tetraniliprole and chlorantraniliprole. Further, the clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeats (CRISPR) / CRISPR-associated protein 9-mediated genome-modified flies were used to study the contribution of RyR mutations to tetraniliprole resistance. The order of contribution of a single RyR mutation to tetraniliprole resistance was Y4667D > G4915E > Y4667C ≈ I4758M > Y4891F. In addition, the I4758M and Y4667C double mutations conferred higher tetraniliprole resistance than single Y4667C mutations. These results can guide resistance management practices for diamides in RSB and other arthropods., (© 2023 Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences.)

Objective: To investigate the safety and accuracy of CT-guided intracranial puncture biopsy and the possible influencing factors of postoperative bleeding complications. Methods: A case series study. A retrospective analysis was conducted on 101 patients who underwent CT-guided intracranial puncture biopsy at the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from January 2017 to December 2021. The basic data of patients and the safety and accuracy of CT-guided intracranial puncture biopsy were analyzed statistically. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis were used to screen the influencing factors of bleeding complications in CT-guided intracranial puncture biopsy, and the bleeding complications in glioma subgroup were analyzed. Results: Among the 101 patients, 53 were males and 48 were females , aged (53.7±17.2) years. The average diameter of intracranial lesions was (3.5±1.4) cm, while the vertical distance from the lesion to the meninges was (2.4±1.7) cm. The needle's intracranial depth reached (3.2±1.8) cm, with adjustments averaging (3±1) occurrences and an average procedural duration of (40.2±12.9) minutes. Pathological diagnoses included glioma (36 cases), gliosis (3 cases), lymphoma (32 cases), metastatic tumors (7 cases), inflammatory lesions (13 cases), and 10 indeterminate cases. The positive rate of puncture pathology was 90.1% (91/101), and the diagnostic coincidence rate was 94.0% (78/83). The incidence of bleeding complications in CT-guided intracranial puncture biopsy was 26.7% (27/101), of which 23 cases had small intratoma or needle path bleeding, 4 cases had massive bleeding, and 2 cases died. The patients were divided into bleeding group ( n =27) and no bleeding group ( n =74), according to the presence or absence of bleeding. The results of univariate logistic regression analysis showed that thrombin time≥15 s and the number of needle adjustment were the factors affecting the occurrence of bleeding complications (both P <0.05), and the results of multivariate logistic regression showed that thrombin time≥15 s was the related factor for bleeding. Patients with thrombin time≥15 s had a 3.045 times higher risk of bleeding than those with thrombin time<15 s ( OR =3.045,95% CI :1.189-7.799, P =0.020). Among the 101 patients, 36 cases of midbrain glioma were divided into low-grade glioma group ( n =11) and high-grade glioma group ( n =25) according to the pathological grade. Subgroup analysis showed that the risk of bleeding for high-grade gliomas was 9.231 times higher than that for low-grade gliomas ( OR =9.231,95% CI :1.023-83.331, P =0.031). Conclusions: CT-guided intracranial puncture biopsy is safe and feasible with high accuracy. Complication rates are associated with thrombin time≥15 s, especially high-grade glioma, which increases the risk of postoperative bleeding.

The occupational health issues of shift workers has received increasing attention in the field of occupational health, and discussed in this article through literature review on the health risks and management of shift work both domestically and internationally. Based on this, a series of impacts of shift work on the physiological and psychological health of workers, as well as their family and social life, are revealed. Combined with relatively mature regulations and policies in foreign countries, it is proposed that China should fully learn from the relevant experience of health management in shift work abroad, Strengthen research and explore effective management intervention measures to provide ideas for accelerating the development of scientifically feasible regulations and policies related to occupational health in shift work in China.

Given the important advantages of the mid-infrared optical range (2.5 to 25 μm) for biomedical sensing, optical communications, and molecular spectroscopy, extending quantum information technology to this region is highly attractive. However, the development of mid-infrared quantum information technology is still in its infancy. Here, we report on the generation of a time-energy entangled photon pair in the mid-infrared wavelength band. By using frequency upconversion detection technology, we observe the two-photon Hong-Ou-Mandel interference and demonstrate the time-energy entanglement between twin photons at 3082 nm via the Franson-type interferometer, verifying the indistinguishability and nonlocality of the photons. This work is very promising for future applications of optical quantum technology in the mid-infrared band, which will bring more opportunities in the fields of quantum communication, precision sensing, and imaging.

To accelerate the discovery of high-affinity aptamers, a magnetically activated continuous deflection (MACD) chip was designed. The MACD chip could achieve dynamic selection in a continuous flow, which meant that the binding and separation were carried out consecutively. Dynamic selection could make selection efficient. Low-affinity sequences could be eluted in time and high-affinity sequences could be enriched via dynamic selection. The stringency of the conditions could be further increased by lowering the target concentration in the dynamic selection. Finally, a C.al3 aptamer with high-affinity and high-specificity for Candida albicans ( C. albicans ) was obtained through six rounds of selection. Its dissociation constant ( K d ) was 7.9 nM. This demonstrated that dynamic selection using a MACD chip was an effective method for high-affinity aptamer selection.

Inverted colloidal-nanocrystal-based LEDs (NC-LEDs) are highly interesting and invaluable for large-scale display technology and flexible electronics. Semiconductor nanorods (NRs), in addition to the tunable wavelengths of the emitted light (achieved, for example, by the variation of the NR diameter or the diameter of core in a core-shell configuration), also exhibit linearly polarized emission, a larger Stokes shift, faster radiative decay, and slower bleaching kinetics than quantum dots (QDs). Despite these advantages, it is difficult to achieve void-free active NR layers using simple spin-coating techniques. Herein, we employ electrophoretic deposition (EPD) to make closely packed, vertically aligned CdSe/CdS core/shell nanorods (NRs) as the emissive layer. Following an inverted architecture, the device fabricated yields an external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 6.3% and a maximum luminance of 4320 cd/m 2 at 11 V. This good performance can be attributed to the vertically aligned NR layer, enhancing the charge transport by reducing the resistance of carrier passage, which is supported by our finite element simulations. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time vertically aligned NR layers made by EPD have been reported for the fabrication of NC-LEDs and the device performance is one of the best for inverted red NR-LEDs. The findings presented in this work bring forth a simple and effective technique for making vertically aligned NRs, and the mechanism behind the NR-LED device with enhanced performance using these NRs is illustrated. This technique may prove useful to the development of a vast class of nanocrystal-based optoelectronics, including solar cells and laser devices.

Demyelination is a pathological feature commonly observed in various central nervous system diseases. It is characterized by the aggregation of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) in the lesion area, which face difficulties in differentiating into mature oligodendrocytes (OLGs). The differentiation of OPCs requires the presence of Sox10, but its expression decreases under pathological conditions. Therefore, we propose a therapeutic strategy to regulate OPCs differentiation and achieve myelin repair by endogenously loading Sox10 into exosomes. To accomplish this, we generated a lentivirus-armed Sox10 that could anchor to the inner surface of the exosome membrane. We then infected HEK293 cells to obtain exosomes with high expression of Sox10 (exosomes-Sox10, ExoSs). In vitro, experiments confirmed that both Exos and ExoSs can be uptaken by OPCs, but only ExoSs exhibit a pro-differentiation effect on OPCs. In vivo, we administered PBS, Exos, and ExoSs to cuprizone-induced demyelinating mice. The results demonstrated that ExoSs can regulate the differentiation of PDGFRα + OPCs into APC + OLGs and reduce myelin damage in the corpus callosum region of the mouse brain compared to other groups. Further testing suggests that Sox10 may have a reparative effect on the myelin sheath by enhancing the expression of MBP, possibly facilitated by the exosome delivery of the protein into the lesion. This endogenously loaded technology holds promise as a strategy for protein-based drugs in the treatment of demyelinating diseases., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest We confirm this manuscript is original and has not been published before. We confirm that we do not have any commercial or associative interest that represents a conflict of interest in connection with the work submitted. The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest to this work., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS.. All rights reserved.)

Objective: To investigate the safety and efficacy of Hepatic Arterial Infusion Chemotherapy(HAIC) combined with targeted and immune therapy followed by 125 I seeds implantation in portal vain tumor thrombus (PVTT) in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) with PVTT. Methods: A retrospective study was performed on the clinical data of 21 patients [ (11 men, 10 women) aged 34-73 (52.6±13.7) years] with HCC with PVTT in The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from October 2020 to October 2022, all of them were treated with HAIC plus targeted and immune therapy,and 125 I seeds implanted into PVTT. The patients were followed up to January 2023, the efficacy was evaluated according to the modified version of the solid tumor efficacy evaluation criteria (mRECIST). The progression-free survival (PFS) rate, overall survival(OS) rate and portal tumor thrombus control rate at 3, 6, 12 and 18 months after treatment were recorded, and PFS and OS time were followed up. The changes of liver function, AFP, coagulation function and adverse events were observed. Results: Each patient received 2 to 7 (mean: 3.3±1.2) cycles of HAIC. 10-37 seeds (mean:16.6±6.7) were implanted per patients. The median follow-up time was 15 (range from 5 to 25) months.During the follow-up time, 15 patients showed progression and 6 patients died, and the PFS rates at 3, 6, 12, and 18 months after treatment were 90.5%, 71.4%, 42.9%, and 23.8%, respectively, and at 3, 6, 12, and 18-month OS rates were 100%, 100%, 81.0%, and 61.9%, respectively.The PVTT control rates at 3, 6, and 12 months were 90.5%, 90.5%, and 62.5%, respectively. Overall efficacy evaluation of CR rate 0, PR rate 47.6% (10/21), SD rate 38.1% (8/21), and PD rate 14.3% (3/21). The total incidence of treatment-related adverse events was 100%.Grade 3 treatment related adverse events were observed for 4 cases, the rest wereⅠtoⅡadverse events. Right upper abdominal pain, fever and hemorrhage in liver capsule related to the procedures were observed in 11(52.4%), 5(23.8%) and 3(14.3) patients, respectively. Conclusion: HAIC combined with targeted and immune therapy followed by 125 I seeds implantation in PVTT is a safe and efficacy therapy for HCC with PVTT.

Demyelination and failure of remyelination in the central nervous system (CNS) characterize a number of neurological disorders. Spontaneous remyelination in demyelinating diseases is limited, as oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs), which are often present in demyelinated lesions in abundance, mostly fail to differentiate into oligodendrocytes, the myelinating cells in the CNS. In addition to OPCs, the lesions are assembled numbers of activated resident microglia/infiltrated macrophages; however, the mechanisms and potential role of interactions between the microglia/macrophages and OPCs are poorly understood. Here, we generated a transcriptional profile of exosomes from activated microglia, and found that miR-615-5p was elevated. miR-615-5p bound to 3'UTR of myelin regulator factor (MYRF), a crucial myelination transcription factor expressed in oligodendrocyte lineage cells. Mechanistically, exosomes from activated microglia transferred miR-615-5p to OPCs, which directly bound to MYRF and inhibited OPC maturation. Furthermore, an effect of AAV expressing miR-615-5p sponge in microglia was tested in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) and cuprizone (CPZ)-induced demyelination model, the classical mouse models of multiple sclerosis. miR-615-5p sponge effectively alleviated disease progression and promoted remyelination. This study identifies miR-615-5p/MYRF as a new target for the therapy of demyelinating diseases., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Propane (C 3 H 8 ) is a widely used fuel gas. Metal-organic framework (MOF) physisorbents that are C 3 H 8 selective offer the potential to significantly reduce the energy footprint for capturing C 3 H 8 from natural gas, where C 3 H 8 is typically present as a minor component. Here we report the C 3 H 8 recovery performance of a previously unreported lonsdaleite, lon , topology MOF, a chiral metal-organic material, [Ni( S -IEDC)(bipy)(SCN)] n , CMOM-7 . CMOM-7 was prepared from three low-cost precursors: Ni(SCN) 2 , S -indoline-2-carboxylic acid ( S -IDECH), and 4,4'-bipyridine (bipy), and its structure was determined by single crystal X-ray crystallography. Pure gas adsorption isotherms revealed that CMOM-7 exhibited high C 3 H 8 uptake (2.71 mmol g -1 ) at 0.05 bar, an indication of a higher affinity for C 3 H 8 than both C 2 H 6 and CH 4 . Dynamic column breakthrough experiments afforded high purity C 3 H 8 capture from a gas mixture comprising C 3 H 8 /C 2 H 6 /CH 4 (v/v/v = 5/10/85). Despite the dilute C 3 H 8 stream, CMOM-7 registered a high dynamic uptake of C 3 H 8 and a breakthrough time difference between C 3 H 8 and C 2 H 6 of 79.5 min g -1 , superior to those of previous MOF physisorbents studied under the same flow rate. Analysis of crystallographic data and Grand Canonical Monte Carlo simulations provides insight into the two C 3 H 8 binding sites in CMOM-7 , both of which are driven by C-H···π and hydrogen bonding interactions., Competing Interests: The authors declare no competing financial interest., (© 2023 The Authors. Published by American Chemical Society.)

Separation of the C 8 aromatic isomers, xylenes (PX, MX, and OX) and ethylbenzene (EB), is important to the petrochemical industry. Whereas physisorptive separation is an energy-efficient alternative to current processes, such as distillation, physisorbents do not generally exhibit strong C 8 selectivity. Herein, we report the mixed-linker square lattice ( sql ) coordination network [Zn 2 (sba) 2 (bis)] n · m DMF ( sql-4,5-Zn , H 2 sba or 4 = 4,4'-sulfonyldibenzoic acid, bis or 5 = trans-4,4'-bis(1-imidazolyl)stilbene) and its C 8 sorption properties. sql-4,5-Zn was found to exhibit high uptake capacity for liquid C 8 aromatics (∼20.2 wt %), and to the best of our knowledge, it is the first sorbent to exhibit selectivity for PX, EB, and MX over OX for binary, ternary, and quaternary mixtures from gas chromatography. Single-crystal structures of narrow-pore, intermediate-pore, and large-pore phases provided insight into the phase transformations, which were enabled by flexibility of the linker ligands and changes in the square grid geometry and interlayer distances. This work adds to the library of two-dimensional coordination networks that exhibit high uptake, thanks to clay-like expansion, and strong selectivity, thanks to shape-selective binding sites, for C 8 isomers., Competing Interests: The authors declare no competing financial interest., (© 2023 The Authors. Published by American Chemical Society.)

We report that linker ligand substitution involving just one atom induces a shape-memory effect in a flexible coordination network. Specifically, whereas SIFSIX-23-Cu, [Cu(SiF 6 )(L) 2 ] n , (L=1,4-bis(1-imidazolyl)benzene, SiF 6 2- =SIFSIX) has been previously reported to exhibit reversible switching between closed and open phases, the activated phase of SIFSIX-23-Cu N , [Cu(SiF 6 )(L N ) 2 ] n (L N =2,5-bis(1-imidazolyl)pyridine), transformed to a kinetically stable porous phase with strong affinity for CO 2 . As-synthesized SIFSIX-23-Cu N , α, transformed to less open, γ, and closed, β, phases during activation. β did not adsorb N 2 (77 K), rather it reverted to α induced by CO 2 at 195, 273 and 298 K. CO 2 desorption resulted in α', a shape-memory phase which subsequently exhibited type-I isotherms for N 2 (77 K) and CO 2 as well as strong performance for separation of CO 2 /N 2 (15/85) at 298 K and 1 bar driven by strong binding (Q st =45-51 kJ/mol) and excellent CO 2 /N 2 selectivity (up to 700). Interestingly, α' reverted to β after re-solvation/desolvation. Molecular simulations and density functional theory (DFT) calculations provide insight into the properties of SIFSIX-23-Cu N ., (© 2023 The Authors. Angewandte Chemie International Edition published by Wiley-VCH GmbH.)

Background: Patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and prior stroke history have a high risk of cardiovascular events despite anticoagulation therapy. It is unclear whether catheter ablation (CA) has further benefits in these patients., Methods: AF patients with a previous history of stroke or systemic embolism (SE) from the prospective Chinese Atrial Fibrillation Registry study between August 2011 and December 2020 were included in the analysis. Patients were matched in a 1:1 ratio to CA or medical treatment (MT) based on propensity score. The primary outcome was a composite of all-cause death or ischemic stroke (IS)/SE., Results: During a total of 4.1 ± 2.3 years of follow-up, the primary outcome occurred in 111 patients in the CA group (3.3 per 100 person-years) and in 229 patients in the MT group (5.7 per 100 person-years). The CA group had a lower risk of the primary outcome compared to the MT group [hazard ratio (HR) = 0.59, 95% CI: 0.47-0.74, P < 0.001]. There was a significant decreasing risk of all-cause mortality (HR = 0.43, 95% CI: 0.31-0.61, P < 0.001), IS/SE (HR = 0.73, 95% CI: 0.54-0.97, P = 0.033), cardiovascular mortality (HR = 0.32, 95% CI: 0.19-0.54, P < 0.001) and AF recurrence (HR = 0.33, 95% CI: 0.30-0.37, P < 0.001) in the CA group compared to that in the MT group. Sensitivity analysis generated consistent results when adjusting for time-dependent usage of anticoagulants., Conclusions: In AF patients with a prior stroke history, CA was associated with a lower combined risk of all-cause death or IS/SE. Further clinical trials are warranted to confirm the benefits of CA in these patients., (© 2023 JGC All rights reserved; www.jgc301.com.)

A cross-electrophilic coupling of benzyl sulfonium salts with alkyl halides forming Csp 3 -Csp 3 bonds is described by using a Co-based catalytic system. The activation of the stable Csp 3 -S bond of benzyl sulfonium salts under mild reaction conditions leads to various functionalized alkyl derivatives. Preliminary mechanistic studies suggest the involvement of alkyl radicals formed from both alkyl halides and benzyl sulfoniums through a single electron transfer.

Although reticular chemistry has commonly utilized mutually embracing tetrahedral metal complexes as crossing points to generate three-dimensional molecularly woven structures, weaving in two dimensions remains largely unexplored. We report a new strategy to access 2D woven COFs by controlling the angle of the usually linear linker, resulting in the successful synthesis of a 2D woven pattern based on chain-link fence. The synthesis was accomplished by linking aldehyde-functionalized copper(I) bisphenanthroline complexes with bent 4,4'-oxydianiline building units. This results in the formation of a crystalline solid, termed COF-523-Cu, whose structure was characterized by spectroscopic techniques and electron and X-ray diffraction techniques to reveal a molecularly woven, twofold-interpenetrated chain-link fence. The present work significantly advances the concept of molecular weaving and its practice in the design of complex chemical structures.

Astrocytes are the most plentiful cell type in the central nervous system (CNS) and perform complicated functions in health and disease. It is obvious that different astrocyte subpopulations, or activation states, are relevant with specific genomic programs and functions. In recent years, the emergence of new technologies such as single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) has made substantial advance in the characterization of astrocyte heterogeneity, astrocyte developmental trajectory, and its role in CNS diseases which has had a significant impact on neuroscience. In this review, we present an overview of astrocyte development, heterogeneity, and its essential role in the physiological and pathological environments of the CNS. We focused on the critical role of single-cell sequencing in revealing astrocyte development, heterogeneity, and its role in different CNS diseases., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.)

Objective: To evaluate the expression level of melatonin and its effects on immune function in aplastic anemia (AA) patients., Methods: The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect the plasma levels of melatonin in AA patients, and the correlation between melatonin levels and laboratory indexs was analyzed. The activation, proliferation, and apoptosis of T cells from AA patients were analyzed by flow cytometry with or without melatonin in vitro ., Results: The plasma levels of melatonin in AA patients were significantly lower compared with healthy controls (HC) (12.23 pg/ml vs 20.04 pg/ml, P < 0.01), while the plasma melatonin levels of AA patients in remission group after immunosuppressive therapy (IST) were significantly higher than those in non-remission group (29.16 pg/ml vs 11.73 pg/ml, P =0.04). Moreover, the melatonin levels were positively correlated with platelets ( r =0.49), the absolute reticulocyte count ( r =0.45), and the percentage of neutrophils ( r =0.43). Meanwhile, there was a negative correlation between melatonin levels and the percentages of lymphocytes ( r =-0.45). The expressions of CD25 and CD69 in both CD4 + and CD8 + T cells from AA patients were remarkably inhibited by melatonin in vitro (all P < 0.05). When cultured with melatonin, the proliferation rates of both CD4 + and CD8 + T cells from AA patients were markedly suppressed ( P =0.01 and P < 0.01)., Conclusion: The plasma levels of melatonin were decreased in AA patients, which might play an important role in the mechanism of immunological abnormalities. The hyperimmune status of AA patients could be partially ameliorated by melatonin in vitro .

Chiral metal-organic materials, CMOMs, are of interest as they can offer selective binding sites for chiral guests. Such binding sites can enable CMOMs to serve as chiral crystalline sponges (CCSs) to determine molecular structure and/or purify enantiomers. We recently reported on the chiral recognition properties of a homochiral cationic diamondoid, dia, network {[Ni( S -IDEC)(bipy)(H 2 O)][NO 3 ]} n ( S -IDEC = S -indoline-2-carboxylicate, bipy = 4,4'-bipyridine), CMOM-5[NO 3 ] . The modularity of CMOM-5[NO 3 ] means there are five feasible approaches to fine-tune structures and properties via substitution of one or more of the following components: metal cation (Ni 2+ ); bridging ligand ( S -IDEC); linker (bipy); extra-framework anion (NO 3 - ); and terminal ligand (H 2 O). Herein, we report the effect of anion substitution on the CCS properties of CMOM-5[NO 3 ] by preparing and characterizing {[Ni( S -IDEC)(bipy)(H 2 O)][BF 4 ]} n , CMOM-5[BF 4 ] . The chiral channels in CMOM-5[BF 4 ] enabled it to function as a CCS for determination of the absolute crystal structures of both enantiomers of three chiral compounds: 1-phenyl-1-butanol (1P1B); methyl mandelate (MM); ethyl mandelate (EM). Chiral resolution experiments revealed CMOM-5[BF 4 ] to be highly selective toward the S -isomers of MM and EM with enantiomeric excess, ee, values of 82.6 and 78.4%, respectively. The ee measured for S -EM surpasses the 64.3% exhibited by [DyNaL(H 2 O) 4 ] 6H 2 O and far exceeds that of CMOM-5[NO 3 ] (6.0%). Structural studies of the binding sites in CMOM-5[BF 4 ] provide insight into their high enantioselectivity., Competing Interests: The authors declare no competing financial interest., (© 2023 The Authors. Published by American Chemical Society.)

Background: MRI is the routine examination to surveil the recurrence of nasopharyngeal carcinoma, but it has relatively lower sensitivity than PET/CT. We aimed to find if artificial intelligence (AI) could be competent pre-inspector for MRI radiologists and whether AI-aided MRI could perform better or even equal to PET/CT., Methods: This multicenter study enrolled 6916 patients from five hospitals between September 2009 and October 2020. A 2.5D convolutional neural network diagnostic model and a nnU-Net contouring model were developed in the training and test cohorts and used to independently predict and visualize the recurrence of patients in the internal and external validation cohorts. We evaluated the area under the ROC curve (AUC) of AI and compared AI with MRI and PET/CT in sensitivity and specificity using the McNemar test. The prospective cohort was randomized into the AI and non-AI groups, and their sensitivity and specificity were compared using the Chi-square test., Findings: The AI model achieved AUCs of 0.92 and 0.88 in the internal and external validation cohorts, corresponding to the sensitivity of 79.5% and 74.3% and specificity of 91.0% and 92.8%. It had comparable sensitivity to MRI (e.g., 74.3% vs. 74.7%, P  = 0.89) but lower sensitivity than PET/CT (77.9% vs. 92.0%, P  < 0.0001) at the same individual-specificities. The AI model achieved moderate precision with a median dice similarity coefficient of 0.67. AI-aided MRI improved specificity (92.5% vs. 85.0%, P  = 0.034), equaled PET/CT in the internal validation subcohort, and increased sensitivity (81.9% vs. 70.8%, P  = 0.021) in the external validation subcohort. In the prospective cohort of 1248 patients, the AI group had higher sensitivity than the non-AI group (78.6% vs. 67.3%, P  = 0.23), albeit nonsignificant. In future randomized controlled trials, a sample size of 3943 patients in each arm would be required to demonstrate the statistically significant difference., Interpretation: The AI model equaled MRI by expert radiologists, and AI-aided MRI by expert radiologists equaled PET/CT. A larger randomized controlled trial is warranted to demonstrate the AI's benefit sufficiently., Funding: The Sun Yat-sen University Clinical Research 5010 Program (2015020), Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation (2022A1515110356), and Guangzhou Science and Technology Program (2023A04J1788)., Competing Interests: The authors had no conflict of interest., (© 2023 The Author(s).)

A nonlinear process based on backward quasi-phase matching (BQPM) can be used to realize mirrorless optical parametric oscillation, the generation of paired photons with a separable joint spectral amplitude and narrow wavelength bandwidth, and the preparation of counterpropagating polarization-entangled photons, which shows distinct advantages over some applications based on forward quasi-phase matching. In this work, three types of BQPM in a bulk periodically poled potassium titanyl phosphate crystal with a single period are theoretically analyzed. Experimentally, the harmonic wave generated by second-harmonic generation in type 0 and type I exhibits a narrow bandwidth of 15.5 GHz. Furthermore, photon pairs generated by spontaneous parametric downconversion in all types of BQPM (type 0, type I, and type II) at 7th order are observed and characterized. Their coincidence-to-accidental ratios are all greater than 5 × 10 3 in the pump power range from 10 mW to 500 mW. This research lays the foundation for further applications of BQPM in nonlinear optics, quantum optics, and quantum information processing.

Background: Evidence on outcomes of catheter ablation (CA) for atrial fibrillation (AF) in patients with autoimmune disease (AD) is limited., Hypothesis: Patients with AD had worse outcomes after CA procedures for AF., Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed in patients undergoing AF ablation between 2012 and 2021. The risk of recurrence after ablation was investigated in patients with AD and a 1:4 propensity score matched non-AD group., Results: We identified 107 patients with AD (64 ± 10 years, female 48.6%) who were matched with 428 non-AD patients (65 ± 10 years, female 43.9%). Patients with AD exhibited more severe AF-related symptoms. During the index procedure, a higher proportion of AD patients received nonpulmonary vein trigger ablation (18.7% vs. 8.4%, p = 0.002). Over a median follow-up of 36.3 months, patients with AD experienced a similar risk of recurrence with the non-AD group (41.1% vs. 36.2%, p = 0.21, hazard ratio [HR]: 1.23, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.86-1.76) despite a higher incidence of early recurrences (36.4% vs. 13.5%, p = 0.001). Compared with non-AD patients, patients with connective tissue disease were at an increased risk of recurrence (46.3% vs. 36.2%, p = 0.049, HR: 1.43, 95% CI: 1.00-2.05). Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that the duration of AF history and corticosteroid therapy were independent predictors of postablation recurrence in patients with AD., Conclusions: In patients with AD, the risk of recurrence after ablation for AF during the follow-up was comparable with non-AD patients, but a higher risk of early recurrence was observed. Further research into the impact of AD on AF treatment is warranted., (© 2023 The Authors. Clinical Cardiology published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.)

Ultramicroporous materials can be highly effective at trace gas separations when they offer a high density of selective binding sites. Herein, we report that sql-NbOFFIVE-bpe-Cu , a new variant of a previously reported ultramicroporous square lattice, sql , topology material, sql-SIFSIX-bpe-Zn , can exist in two polymorphs. These polymorphs, sql-NbOFFIVE-bpe-Cu-AA ( AA ) and sql-NbOFFIVE-bpe-Cu-AB ( AB ), exhibit AAAA and ABAB packing of the sql layers, respectively. Whereas NbOFFIVE-bpe-Cu-AA ( AA ) is isostructural with sql-SIFSIX-bpe-Zn , each exhibiting intrinsic 1D channels, sql-NbOFFIVE-bpe-Cu-AB ( AB ) has two types of channels, the intrinsic channels and extrinsic channels between the sql networks. Gas and temperature induced transformations of the two polymorphs of sql-NbOFFIVE-bpe-Cu were investigated by pure gas sorption, single-crystal X-ray diffraction (SCXRD), variable temperature powder X-ray diffraction (VT-PXRD), and synchrotron PXRD. We observed that the extrinsic pore structure of AB resulted in properties with potential for selective C 3 H 4 /C 3 H 6 separation. Subsequent dynamic gas breakthrough measurements revealed exceptional experimental C 3 H 4 /C 3 H 6 selectivity (270) and a new benchmark for productivity (118 mmol g -1 ) of polymer grade C 3 H 6 (purity > 99.99%) from a 1:99 C 3 H 4 /C 3 H 6 mixture. Structural analysis, gas sorption studies, and gas adsorption kinetics enabled us to determine that a binding "sweet spot" for C 3 H 4 in the extrinsic pores is behind the benchmark separation performance. Density-functional theory (DFT) calculations and Canonical Monte Carlo (CMC) simulations provided further insight into the binding sites of C 3 H 4 and C 3 H 6 molecules within these two hybrid ultramicroporous materials, HUMs. These results highlight, to our knowledge for the first time, how pore engineering through the study of packing polymorphism in layered materials can dramatically change the separation performance of a physisorbent.

Chiral metal-organic materials (CMOMs), can offer molecular binding sites that mimic the enantioselectivity exhibited by biomolecules and are amenable to systematic fine-tuning of structure and properties. Herein, we report that the reaction of Ni(NO 3 ) 2 , S -indoline-2-carboxylic acid ( S -IDECH), and 4,4'-bipyridine (bipy) afforded a homochiral cationic diamondoid, dia , network, [Ni( S -IDEC)(bipy)(H 2 O)][NO 3 ], CMOM-5 . Composed of rod building blocks (RBBs) cross-linked by bipy linkers, the activated form of CMOM-5 adapted its pore structure to bind four guest molecules, 1-phenyl-1-butanol (1P1B), 4-phenyl-2-butanol (4P2B), 1-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethanol (MPE), and methyl mandelate (MM), making it an example of a chiral crystalline sponge (CCS). Chiral resolution experiments revealed enantiomeric excess, ee , values of 36.2-93.5%. The structural adaptability of CMOM-5 enabled eight enantiomer@ CMOM-5 crystal structures to be determined. The five ordered crystal structures revealed that host-guest hydrogen-bonding interactions are behind the observed enantioselectivity, three of which represent the first crystal structures determined of the ambient liquids R -4P2B, S-4P2B, and R -MPE., Competing Interests: The authors declare no competing financial interest., (© 2023 The Authors. Published by American Chemical Society.)

Racemic α-substituted α-amino esters were hydrogenated into enantioenriched β-amino alcohols through dynamic kinetic resolution with chiral ruthenabicyclic complexes. The reaction was carried out with a substrate/catalyst molar ratio of 200-1000 under 15 atm of H 2 at 25 °C to afford a variety of β-substituted β-aminoethanols in up to 96% ee (24 examples). The mechanistic studies including deuteration experiments suggested that the reaction proceeds with 1,2-hydride migration of the α-amino acetalate intermediate into the α-hydroxy imine followed by the continuous reduction of the imino compound, affording the amino alcohol product.

A molecular porous material, MPM-2, comprised of cationic [Ni 2 (AlF 6 )(pzH) 8 (H 2 O) 2 ] and anionic [Ni 2 Al 2 F 11 (pzH) 8 (H 2 O) 2 ] complexes that generate a charge-assisted hydrogen-bonded network with pcu topology is reported. The packing in MPM-2 is sustained by multiple interionic hydrogen bonding interactions that afford ultramicroporous channels between dense layers of anionic units. MPM-2 is found to exhibit excellent stability in water (>1 year). Unlike most hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks which typically show poor stability in organic solvents, MPM-2 exhibited excellent stability with respect to various organic solvents for at least two days. MPM-2 is found to be permanently porous with gas sorption isotherms at 298 K revealing a strong affinity for C 2 H 2 over CO 2 thanks to a high (ΔQ st ) AC [Q st (C 2 H 2 ) - Q st (CO 2 )] of 13.7 kJ mol -1 at low coverage. Dynamic column breakthrough experiments on MPM-2 demonstrated the separation of C 2 H 2 from a 1:1 C 2 H 2 /CO 2 mixture at 298 K with effluent CO 2 purity of 99.995% and C 2 H 2 purity of >95% after temperature-programmed desorption. C-H···F interactions between C 2 H 2 molecules and F atoms of AlF 6 3- are found to enable high selectivity toward C 2 H 2 , as determined by density functional theory simulations., (© 2022 The Authors. Small published by Wiley-VCH GmbH.)

Objective: To study the expression of tyrosine kinase receptor 2 (Tie2) in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and its effect on cell proliferation and migration and the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process., Methods: Immunohistochemistry (IHC) tests were conducted to examine the expression of Tie2 in OSCC tissues and normal oral mucosa tissues. Western blot was performed to examine the expression of Tie2 in dysplastic oral keratinocyte (DOK) cell line and OSCC cell lines, and the cell line with high Tie2 expression was selected as the experimental cell line. The Tie 2-silenced lentiviral vector was successfully transfected onto the experimental cell line for subsequent experiments. Cell proliferation and cloning abilities were examined with CCK-8 and clone formation assays. Cell migration ability was examined with scratch and Transwell assays. The remodeling ability of cytoskeletal F-actin and the expressions of E-cadherin and N-cadherin were examined with confocal laser scanning microscope. Western blot was performed to examine the expression of EMT-related signature proteins, including E-cadherin, N-cadherin, and vimentin, and the expression of the protein kinase B (AKT) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)., Results: IHC results showed that the Tie2-positive rate of the OSCC group (74.5%) was significantly higher than that of the control group (19.4%) ( P <0.0001). The expression of Tie2 was higher in HSC-4 and SCC-9 cell lines compared to that in DOK cells. The lentiviral shRNA-162 group showed the best silencing effect, which was used as the experimental group and applied in subsequent experiments. Compared with those of the control group, the proliferation, cloning and migration capacities of the cells of the experimental group were significantly reduced. Furthermore, the green fluorescence intensity of the cytoskeleton F-actin was reduced, the number of filamentous pseudopods at the leading edge of the cells decreased and their length was shortened, and the expression of E-cadherin was significantly increased, while the expression of N-cadherin and vimentin was significantly reduced in the experimental group in comparison with those of the control group. The expression of p-AKT and p-ERK proteins decreased, while AKT and ERK protein expression increased., Conclusion: Tie2 was highly expressed in most OSCC cells. Silencing Tie2 can inhibit the proliferation, cloning, and migration ability of OSCC cells, inhibit F-actin remodeling, and alter the expression of its EMT-related signature proteins by regulating AKT and ERK signaling pathway, which suggests that Tie2 may be involved in the growth, metastasis and EMT process of OSCC., (Copyright© by Editorial Board of Journal of Sichuan University (Medical Sciences).)

Objective: To compare the safety and diagnostic efficiency of CT-guided trans-organ and non-trans-organ large needle biopsy in the diagnosis of pancreatic space-occupying lesions. Methods: The clinical data of 367 patients with pancreatic mass who underwent CT-guided percutaneous biopsy in the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from January 2019 to January 2022 were retrospectively analyzed, including 211 males and 156 females, aged 18 to 87 (60.7±11.8) years old. They were divided into a trans-organ route group ( n =142) and a non-trans-organ route group ( n =225) according to whether traversing the organs during the procedures. The imaging data, pathological results, puncture process and complications of patients of the two groups were recorded. The successful rate for obtaining tissue,one-time successful diagnosis rate, accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, false negative rate and the incidence of complications were compared between the two groups. Results: There was no significant difference in baseline data between the two groups (all P >0.05).There were 28, 57, 24, and 33 biopsies were performed via a pathway traversing liver, stomach, small bowel and colon, respectively. The overall sampling success rates of the two groups were 100%.The one-time successful diagnosis rate did not show statistically difference between the two groups [86.6%(123/142) vs 87.1%(196/225), P =0.892]. There was no statistically difference in accuracy, sensitivity and false negative rates between trans-organ route group and non-trans-organ routegroup [92.3%(131/142) vs 92.0%(207/225), 91.8% (123/134) vs 90.0%(190/211) and 8.2% (11/134) vs 10.0%(21/211), all P >0.05]. The specificity was 100% in both groups. The common complications of the two groups were increased pancreatic amylase and hematoma, and there was no significant difference in the incidence of complications between the trans-organ route group and the non-trans-organ route group [10.6% (15/142) vs 12.4% (28/225), P =0.585]. In the trans-organ route group, 5 patients had increased pancreatic amylase and 10 patients had local hematoma, all of which were improved after conservative treatment. In the non-organ route group, 11 patients had elevated pancreatic amylase, and 17 patients had local hematoma, 1 case received surgical treatment due to bleeding, the rest were improved by conservative treatment. Conclusion: CT-guided percutaneous transabdominal organ large needle biopsy of pancreatic space-occupying lesions has the comparable diagnostic efficiency and safety as non-transabdominal organ approach.

Oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) originate in the ventricular zone (VZ) of the brain and spinal cord, and their primary function is to differentiate into oligodendrocytes (OLs). Studies have shown that OPCs and OLs are pathologically and physiologically heterogeneous. Previous transcriptome analyses used Bulk RNA-seq, which compares average gene expression in cells and does not allow for heterogeneity. In recent years, the development of single-cell sequencing (scRNA-seq) and single-cell nuclear sequencing (snRNA-seq) has allowed us to study an individual cell. In this review, sc/snRNA-seq was used to study the different subpopulations of OL lineage cells, their developmental trajectories, and their applications in related diseases. These techniques can distinguish different subpopulations of cells, and identify differentially expressed genes in particular cell types under certain conditions, such as treatment or disease. It is of great significance to the study of the occurrence, prevention, and treatment of various diseases., (© 2022 International Society for Neurochemistry.)

Lake Luoma is an important storage lake for the Eastern route of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project (NSBD), which has many functions including flood control and irrigation, drinking water supply, and ecological maintenance. In order to understand the succession patterns and driving factors of water quality in Lake Luoma, we used monthly monitoring data from 2009 to 2020 in combination with historical data from 1996 to 2008. The long-term succession patterns, seasonal dynamics, and spatial patterns of total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), permanganate index, and ammonia nitrogen (NH + 4 -N) were examined, and the influence of meteorological and hydrological factors on water quality was explored through correlation analyses and generalized additive models. The results showed that it remained in the status of grade Ⅳ-inferior Ⅴ over the past 25 years. The concentration of TN, which was the main pollutant, changed significantly (1.06-3.49 mg·L -1 ), experiencing three stages of gradual decline (1996-2002), significant interannual fluctuation (2002-2015), and significant increase (2015-2020). Permanganate index decreased significantly (2.97-6.38 mg·L -1 ), whereas TP and NH + 4 -N concentration fluctuated slightly, ranging from 0.024-0.076 mg·L -1 and 0.11-0.69 mg·L -1 , respectively. The concentration of TN and TP increased abnormally in the summer of 2017-2020, reaching 3.30 mg·L -1 and 0.14 mg·L -1 in August, respectively, which was approximately 1.5 and 2.4 times the annual average. In terms of seasonal dynamics, the seasonal variation in water quality between summer/autumn and winter/spring reversed after 2015, with water quality in summer/autumn being worse than that in winter and spring, indicating the exacerbation of eutrophication. The water quality in the southern area was obviously better than that in the northern area. The input of pollutants from the Yihe River and Middle Canal increased with water quantity since 2015, which drove the water quality deterioration through nutrients. Our results suggested that the water quality of Lake Luoma should be improved by strengthening exogenous pollution reduction, endogenous control, polder dismantling, and ecological restoration.

Background: Perimitral atrial tachycardia (PMAT) is the most frequent type of iatrogenic atrial tachycardia (AT) after atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation. Vein of Marshall ethanol infusion (EIVOM) is a promising technique in mitral isthmus (MI) ablation., Methods: A total of 165 patients with PMAT were divided into three groups according to ablation strategies, including RF only group (n = 89), RF-EIVOM group (initial RF ablation with adjunctive EIVOM, n = 28), and EIVOM-RF group (first-step EIVOM with touch-up RF ablation, n = 48). Acute and follow-up procedure outcomes were evaluated., Results: PMAT terminated in 89.9%, 89.3%, and 93.7% of patients in RF only, RF-EIVOM and EIVOM-RF groups, respectively (p = .715), with complete MI block achieved in 80.9%, 89.3%, and 95.8% of patients (EIVOM-RF vs. RF only, p = .012). First-step utilization of EIVOM was associated with a significant shortening of RF ablation time at MI (EIVOM-RF 2.1 ± 1.3 min, RF only 7.9 ± 5.9 min, RF-EIVOM 6.8 ± 5.8 min; p < .001) and a decrease in the proportion of patients need ablation within coronary sinus (CS, EIVOM-RF 14.6%, RF only 61.8%, RF-EIVOM 64.3%; p < .001). After a mean follow-up of 12.1 ± 6.2 months, AF/AT recurred in 39 (43.8%), 6 (21.4%), and 12 (25.0%) patients in RF only, RF-EIVOM, and EIVOM-RF group (RF-EIVOM vs. RF only, p = .026; EIVOM-RF vs. RF only, p = .022)., Conclusions: EIVOM was associated with an enhanced acute MI block rate as well as reduced AF/AT recurrence. First-step utilization of EIVOM promises to significantly simplify the RF ablation process., Condensed Abstract: PMAT is the most common type of iatrogenic AT after AF ablation procedures. EIVOM contributed to a higher acute MI block rate and lower arrhythmia recurrence risk during follow-up. First-step utilization of EIVOM significantly reduced the need for radiofrequency ablation at MI and inside CS with the advantage of creating a homogenous, transmural lesion and eliminating epicardial connections., (© 2022 Wiley Periodicals LLC.)

Photocatalysis is a promising yet challenging approach for the selective oxidation of hydrocarbons to valuable oxygenated chemicals with O 2 under mild conditions. In this work, we report an atomically precise material model to address this challenge. The key to our solution is the rational incorporation of Fe species into polyoxotitanium cluster to form a heterometallic Ti 4 Fe 1 cocrystal. This newly designed cocrystal cluster, which well governs the energy and charge transfer as evidenced by spectroscopic characterizations and theoretical calculations, enables the synergistic process involving C(sp 3 )-H bond activation by photogenerated holes and further reactions by singlet oxygen ( 1 O 2 ). Remarkably, the cocrystal Ti 4 Fe 1 cluster achieves efficient and selective oxidation of hydrocarbons (C 5 to C 16 ) into aldehydes and ketones with a conversion rate up to 12 860 μmol g -1  h -1 , 5 times higher than that of Fe-doped Ti 3 Fe 1 cluster. This work provides insights into photocatalyst design at atomic level enabling synergistic catalysis., (© 2022 Wiley-VCH GmbH.)

Purpose: Shear wave elastography (SWE) accurately and sensitively evaluates arterial wall stiffness by quantifying the elastic modulus (EM); however, the absence of reference values has precluded its widespread clinical application. This prospective cohort study aimed to establish reference values for the carotid EM using SWE; investigate the main determinants of the EM; and evaluate EM changes in coronary slow flow (CSF), which is characterized by delayed coronary opacification without evident obstructive lesion in epicardial coronary artery on angiography., Method: This study enrolled 169 healthy volunteers and 30 patients with CSF. The carotid maximum EM (EMmax), mean EM, and minimum EM were measured using SWE. CSF was diagnosed by thrombolysis in the myocardial infarction frame count during coronary angiography., Results: No differences were found in the EM between the left and right carotid arteries and between men and women. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that age was independently correlated with the EMmax, which progressively increased with age. Moreover, smoking had an independent influence on the EM after adjusting for age; smokers had higher EM than non-smokers. Age-specific reference values for the carotid EM were established. The EM was higher in patients with CSF than in controls after adjusting for age and smoking status., Conclusions: This study first established the reference values for the carotid EM using SWE. Age and smoking status were the main determinants of the EM. Patients with CSF had high EM. SWE can effectively and noninvasively evaluate arterial stiffness in patients with CSF., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

In nasopharyngeal carcinoma, deep-learning extracted signatures on MR images might be correlated with survival. In this study, we sought to develop an individualizing model using deep-learning MRI signatures and clinical data to predict survival and to estimate the benefit of induction chemotherapy on survivals of patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Two thousand ninety-seven patients from three independent hospitals were identified and randomly assigned. When the deep-learning signatures of the primary tumor and clinically involved gross cervical lymph nodes extracted from MR images were added to the clinical data and TNM staging for the progression-free survival prediction model, the combined model achieved better prediction performance. Its application is among patients deciding on treatment regimens. Under the same conditions, with the increasing MRI signatures, the survival benefits achieved by induction chemotherapy are increased. In nasopharyngeal carcinoma, these prediction models are the first to provide an individualized estimation of survivals and model the benefit of induction chemotherapy on survivals., Competing Interests: The authors declare no competing interests., (© 2022 The Author(s).)

Anacardic acid (AA) is a phenolic acid extract found in a number of plants, crops, and fruits. It exhibits a wide range of biological activities. This study displayed that AA effectively alleviated EAE, a classical mouse model of multiple sclerosis. AA administered to the EAE greatly decreased inflammatory cell infiltration to the CNS and protected the myelin integrity in the white matter of the spinal cord. AA could block lipopolysaccharide-induced DC activation. inhibited the polarization of 2D2 mice-derived T cells by inhibiting the DCs activity. Immunoblot results indicated that the phosphorylation of NF-κB is significantly suppressed in AA-treated DCs. This work displayed that AA possessed a potential anti-inflammatory therapeutic effect for the treatment of autoimmune disease., Competing Interests: Conflicts of interest There are no conflicts of interest to declare. [2]; [3]; [5]; [6]; [9]; [13]; [19]; [27]; [28]; [29]; [30]; [31]; [32]., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Our aim is to investigate the influence of crawling training on the cognitive function of patients with cerebral palsy. This study compared the clinical efficacy of crawling training on 36 patients with cerebral palsy (the experimental group) and 32 patients treated with normal movement training (the control group). We compared the crawling function (The Movement Function Scale for Infants with Cerebral Palsy), cognitive and language function (The Comprehensive Functional Rating Scale for Children with Disabilities), intelligence [IQ and DQ scores in the Chinese Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (C-WISC)], memory and attention (the attention/nondistraction factor in the C-WISC) changes of the children before and after treatment. The total treatment efficiency of the experimental group was significantly higher than that of the control group (94.44 vs. 71.87%, P = 0.012). The scores for crawling function, cognitive and language functions, intelligence quotient, development quotient and attention factor increased notably in both groups after treatment, and there was a statistical difference compared with the scores of each group before treatment (P < 0.05 for all). After treatment, the scores of the experimental group were significantly higher than those of the control group. Crawling training has good clinical efficacy for patients with cerebral palsy. It can improve patients' crawling, cognitive and language functions as well as their intelligence, memory and attention, and it has value for clinical application., (Copyright © 2022 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.)

A series of catecholate-functionalized titanium-oxo clusters (TOCs), PTC-271 to PTC-277 , with atomically precise structures were synthesized and characterized, including distinctive "boat" and "chair" conformations in PTC-273 and PTC-274 , respectively. These cluster compounds are prominent for their ultralow optical band gaps, as is visually evident from the rather unusual black TOCs (B-TOCs), PTC-272 to PTC-277 . The cluster structures were found to be ultrastable with respect to air, water, organic solvents, and even acidic or basic aqueous solutions in a wide pH range (pH 0-13), owing to the stabilizing effects of catecholate and its derivatives, as well as the carboxylate ligands. Another prominent feature is the occurrence of third-order nonlinear optical (NLO) performance, which has previously been unreported in the field of homometallic titanium-oxo clusters. Open-aperture Z-scan experiments show significant solid-state optical limiting (OL) applications of these B-TOCs, with high laser irradiation stability and low minimum normalized transmittance ( T min ) of PTC-273 as ∼0.17. Meanwhile, theoretical calculations indicate that the smaller band gaps of B-TOCs were beneficial for strengthening the NLO response. This work not only represents a significant milestone in the construction of stable low-band gap black titanium oxide materials but also contributes to the mechanism insights into their optical applications.

We aimed to characterize NDM-5-producing Enterobacteriaceae from aquatic products in Guangzhou, China. A total of 196 intestinal samples of grass carp collected in 2019 were screened for carbapenemase genes. Characterization of bla NDM-5 positive isolates and plasmids was determined by antimicrobial susceptibility testing, conjugation experiments, Illumina HiSeq, and Nanopore sequencing. One Citrobacter freundii and six Escherichia coli strains recovered from seven intestinal samples were verified as bla NDM-5 carriers (3.57%, 7/196). The bla NDM-5 genes were located on the IncX3 ( n =5), IncHI2 ( n =1), or IncHI2-IncF ( n =1) plasmids. All bla NDM-5 -bearing plasmids were transferred by conjugation at frequencies of ~10 -4 -10 -6 . Based on sequence analysis, the IncHI2 plasmid pHNBYF33-1 was similar to other bla NDM-5 -carrying IncHI2 plasmids deposited in GenBank from Guangdong ducks. In all IncHI2 plasmids, bla NDM-5 was embedded in a novel transposon, Tn 7051 (IS 3000 -ΔIS Aba125 -IS 5 -ΔIS Aba125 - bla NDM-5 - ble MBL - trpF - tat -∆ dct -IS 26 -∆ umuD -∆IS Kox3 -IS 3000 ), which was identical to the genetic structure surrounding bla NDM-5 found in some IncX3 plasmids. The IncHI2-IncF hybrid plasmid pHNTH9F11-1 was formed by homologous recombination of the bla NDM-5 -carrying IncHI2 plasmid and a heavy-metal-resistant IncF plasmid through ∆Tn 1721 . To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the characterization of bla NDM-5 -bearing plasmids in fish in China. The IncHI2 plasmid pHNBYF33-1 may be transmitted from ducks, considering the common duck-fish freshwater aquaculture system in Guangdong. Tn 7051 is likely responsible for the transfer of bla NDM-5 from IncX3 to IncHI2 plasmids in Enterobacteriaceae , resulting in the expansion of transmission vectors of bla NDM-5 .

Objective: To explore the correlation between club drug use and anal canal human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in HIV-negative and HIV-positive men who have sex with men (MSM) in Taizhou. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in Taizhou. HIV-negative MSM were recruited by convenient sampling in voluntary counseling and testing clinics of Taizhou prefectural CDC from August 2016 to October 2017, and HIV-positive MSM were recruited through the routine follow-up and management by Taizhou prefectural CDC from August 2016 to June 2019. A face-to-face questionnaire interview was conducted to collect the information about the socio-demographic characteristics, sexual orientation, sexual behavior, club drug use and other information of the participants. Anal canal swabs were collected for HPV genotyping. The correlation between club drug use and the prevalence of HPV infection were evaluated with χ 2 test and logistic regression analysis. Results: A total of 69 HIV-negative and 345 HIV-infected MSM were included. The prevalence of any type of anal canal HPV infection in HIV-negative MSM (27.5%, 19/69) was lower than that in HIV-positive MSM (66.4%, 229/345) ( χ 2 =36.114, P <0.001). The prevalence of self-reported club drug use in HIV-negative MSM was higher (17.4%, 12/69) than that in HIV-positive MSM (7.0%, 24/345) ( χ 2 =7.886, P =0.005). For HIV-negative MSM, the prevalence of club drug use was higher in MSM who had homosexual group sex ( P =0.036); the prevalence of HPV infection was 50.0% (6/12) in club drug users and 22.8% (13/57) in non-club drug users ( χ 2 =3.674, P =0.055). For HIV-positive MSM, the prevalence of HPV infection was 70.8% (17/24) in club drug users and 66.0% (212/321) in non-club drug users ( χ 2 =0.230, P =0.632). Multivariable logistic regression model showed that HPV infection in MSM was positively correlated with HIV infection ( OR =5.42, 95% CI : 2.92-10.06), and the association between HPV infection and club drug use ( OR =1.66, 95% CI : 0.75-3.71) was not significant. Conclusions: HIV infection was positively correlated with anal canal HPV infection in MSM in Taizhou. Club drug use was positively correlated with high-risk sexual behaviors, while its association with HPV infection needs further study.