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Abstract This study focuses on optimizing catalytic activity in photocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction by precisely designing and modulating the electronic structure of metal single atoms. The catalyst, denoted as PtSA@S-TFPT, integrates low-valence platinum single atoms into sulfur-containing covalent organic frameworks. The robust asymmetric four-coordination between sulfur and platinum within the framework enables a high platinum loading of 12.1 wt%, resulting in efficient photocatalytic hydrogen production activity of 11.4 mmol g−1 h−1 and stable performance under visible light. These outcomes are attributed to a reduced hydrogen desorption barrier and enhanced photogenerated charge separation, as indicated by density functional theory calculations and dynamic carrier analysis. This work challenges traditional notions and opens an avenue for developing low-valence metal single atom-loaded covalent organic framework catalysts to advance photocatalytic hydrogen evolution.

C21H19BrO3, orthorhombic, P212121 (no. 19), a = 6.011(2) Å, b = 11.630(2) Å, c = 25.165(5) Å, V = 1759.3(7) Å3, Z = 4, Rgt (F) = 0.0163, wRref (F 2) = 0.0420, T = 100(2) K.

The impact of Gd doping on Ni-Mn-In alloys was investigated using a combination of experimental studies and first-principles calculations. The results of first-principles calculations reveal that Gd doping tends to occupy the sublattices of Ni and In in the Ni8Mn6In2 alloy. Gd substitution of either Ni or In increases the martensitic temperature and decreases the Curie temperature at the same time. In particular， the increase in phase transition temperature is more significant after Gd replaces In. The electron density of states analysis shows that Gd doping decreases the austenite stability and increases the martensite stability， which is the main reason for the increase in phase transition temperature. The Ni50-xMn35In15Gdx（x=0，1，2） and Ni50Mn35In15-xGdx（x=0，1，2） polycrystalline alloys are successfully prepared using a vacuum arc melting furnace， and analyzed by the DSC experimental data， it was observed that the doping of Gd enhances the phase transition temperature of alloy. Specifically， the martensitic transformation starts temperature of Ni50Mn35In13Gd2 reached 160 ℃， which can meet the high-temperature （≈97 ℃） operating conditions. The doping of a single Gd atom does not change the magnetic state of the alloy parent phases and martensitic phases in Ni-Mn-In alloys， resulting in a minor effect on the difference of magnetization. The mechanism of Gd doping affects the magnetic structure of the alloy is elucidated.

The safety and efficiency of drilling engineering are greatly impeded by destructive vibrations of drill string in air drilling, such as stick-slip, bit-bounce and their coupled vibrations. To avoid or suppress these vibrations improving the stability of drilling operations, revealing the occurrence mechanisms of abovementioned harmful vibrations are indispensable by investigating dynamics characteristics of drill string system. In this paper, an axial-torsional coupled dynamics model that can capture the motion behaviors of bottom hole assembly (BHA) is established adopting the lumped parameter method. Subsequently, a rate of penetration (ROP) model appropriating for air drilling is obtained firstly by linear fitting means. Meanwhile, a novel discontinuous support model is established to describe the bit-formation interactions. Then, BHA dynamics are discussed using numerical simulations under different vibration scenarios: normal operation; stick-slip; bit-bounce; bit-bounce and stick-slip combination. Subsequently, in two drilling modes: the continuous and intermittent drilling, the vibration mitigation strategies and dynamics sensibility study of BHA are carried out based on the parametric analysis. The results show that increasing torsional stiffness of drill-pipes, appropriately adjusting rotation speed of top driven system and dynamic weight on bit (WOB) are deemed as an effective strategy suppressing or eliminating stick-slip and bit-bounce vibrations of BHA. Suggest that the rotation speed of top driven system and dynamic WOB are 5 rad/s and 3.5 kN, respectively. Finally, the constructed probability maps allow to driller to choose reasonable mechanical parameters, thereby realizing smooth drilling operation in the air drilling.

The relaxation of trapezius muscles is widely believed to alleviate fatigue or injury of the trapezius muscles and reduce the risk of shoulder and neck pain. This study aims to examine the effects of different muscle relaxation techniques on the physical properties of the trapezius muscle and to explore how changes in the physical properties of the upper trapezius muscle affect those of the middle trapezius muscle. Twenty-four healthy males (mean age: 23.08 ± 0.97 years; height: 172.42 ± 4.61 cm; weight: 66.38 ± 6.68 kg; and body mass index: 22.30 ± 1.81 kg/m2), randomly divided into four groups: stretching relaxation group (ST, n = 6), mechanical vibration massage (MV, n = 6), pulse massage (PU, n = 6), and control (CO, n = 6). Measurements using the Myoton digital muscle assessment system were conducted daily over 2 weeks. The experimental groups demonstrated a notable decrease in tension and stiffness, accompanied by heightened elasticity in the upper trapezius muscles. Conversely, the control group exhibited contrasting trends. Although no significant variances were detected among the relaxation techniques, all proved efficacious compared to the control group (P < 0.05). Moreover, relaxation of the upper trapezius muscles significantly influenced the middle trapezius muscles (P < 0.05). Various relaxation methods positively influenced trapezius muscle attributes over 2 weeks, with inter-regional effects noted.

Spectroscopy is a technique that analyzes the interaction between matter and light as a function of wavelength. It is the most convenient method for obtaining qualitative and quantitative information about an unknown sample with reasonable accuracy. However, traditional spectroscopy is reliant on bulky and expensive spectrometers, while emerging applications of portable, low-cost and lightweight sensing and imaging necessitate the development of miniaturized spectrometers. In this study, we have developed a computational spectroscopy method that can provide single-shot operation, sub-nanometer spectral resolution, and direct materials characterization. This method is enabled by a metasurface integrated computational spectrometer and deep learning algorithms. The identification of critical parameters of optical cavities and chemical solutions is demonstrated through the application of the method, with an average spectral reconstruction accuracy of 0.4 nm and an actual measurement error of 0.32 nm. The mean square errors for the characterization of cavity length and solution concentration are 0.53 % and 1.21 %, respectively. Consequently, computational spectroscopy can achieve the same level of spectral accuracy as traditional spectroscopy while providing convenient, rapid material characterization in a variety of scenarios.

The aim of this article is to study how the greatest common divisor of the degree and codegree of an irreducible character of a finite group influences its structure. We study a finite group GG with gcd(χ(1),χc(1)){\rm{\gcd }}\left(\chi \left(1),{\chi }^{c}\left(1)) a prime for almost all irreducible characters χ\chi of GG, and obtain the following two conclusions: (1)There does not exist any finite group GG such that gcd(χ(1),χc(1)){\rm{\gcd }}\left(\chi \left(1),{\chi }^{c}\left(1)) is a prime, for each χ∈Irr(G)♯\chi \in {\rm{Irr}}{\left(G)}^{\sharp }, where Irr(G)♯{\rm{Irr}}{\left(G)}^{\sharp } is the set of non-principal irreducible characters of GG.(2)Let GG be a finite group, if gcd(χ(1),χc(1)){\rm{\gcd }}\left(\chi \left(1),{\chi }^{c}\left(1)) is a prime, for each χ∈Irr(G)\Lin(G)\chi \left\in {\rm{Irr}}\left(G)\backslash {\rm{Lin}}\left(G), then GG is solvable, where Lin(G){\rm{Lin}}\left(G) is the set of all linear irreducible characters of GG.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) exhibits a subtle onset, high incidence rates, and low survival rates, becoming a substantial threat to human health. Hence, it is crucial to discover fresh biomarkers and treatment targets for the early detection and management of HCC. CCK-8, scratch-wound, and transwell assays were used to evaluate the biological properties of HCC cell lines (Huh-7 and Hep3B). Bioinformatics analysis identified the downstream target mRNA of miR-145-5p as acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 4 (ACSL4). RT-qPCR was used to test miR-145-5p and ACSL4 levels. Transwell chambers were used to co-incubate purified CD8+ T cells and HCC cells for 48 h, and the effect of CD8+ T cells on apoptosis in HCC cells was detected by flow cytometry. A subcutaneous graft tumor model was constructed, and ELISA kits were used to assess cytokine levels and CD8+ T cell activation markers. HCC cells showed a decline in miR-145-5p levels and a rise in ACSL4 levels. Overexpression of miR-145-5p hindered HCC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, while stimulating CD8+ T cell activation. Conversely, overexpression of ACSL4 enhanced the malignant biological properties of HCC cells and reduced the effect of CD8+ T cells, while silencing ACSL4 had the opposite effect. miR-145-5p targeted and downregulated ACSL4, while overexpression of miR-145-5p weakened the promotion of HCC malignant progression caused by ACSL4 overexpression. Additionally, overexpression of miR-145-5p and silencing ACSL4 were effective in inhibiting tumor growth in vivo. In conclusion, miR-145-5p targets and downregulates ACSL4, leading to the inhibition of HCC malignant progression and preventing immune escape in HCC cells.

Nanostructures composed of liposomes and polydopamine (PDA) have demonstrated efficacy as carriers for delivering plasmids, effectively alleviating renal cell carcinoma. However, their role in acute kidney injury (AKI) remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the effects of the plasmid-encoded lncRNA-OIP5-AS1@PDA nanoparticles (POP-NPs) on renal ischemia/reperfusion (RI/R) injury and explore the underlying mechanisms. RI/R or OGD/R models were established in mice and HK-2 cells, respectively. In vivo, vector or POP-NPs were administered (10 nmol, IV) 48 h after RI/R treatment. In the RI/R mouse model, the OIP5-AS1 and Nrf2/HO-1 expressions were down-regulated, while miR-410-3p expression was upregulated. POP-NPs treatment effectively reversed RI/R-induced renal tissue injury, restoring altered levels of blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, malondialdehyde, inflammatory factors (IL-8, IL-6, TNF-α), ROS, apoptosis, miR-410-3p, as well as the suppressed expression of SOD and Nrf2/HO-1 in the model mice. Similar results were obtained in cell models treated with POP-NPs. Additionally, miR-410-3p mimics could reverse the effects of POP-NPs on cellular models, partially counteracted by Nrf2 agonists. The binding relationship between OIP5-AS1 and miR-410-3p, alongside miR-410-3p and Nrf2, has been substantiated by dual-luciferase reporter and RNA pull-down assays. The study revealed that POP-NPs can attenuate RI/R-induced injury through miR-410-3p/Nrf2 axis. These findings lay the groundwork for future targeted therapeutic approaches utilizing nanoparticles for RI/R-induced AKI.

The purpose of this study was to obtain polysaccharides from Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer stems (PGSPs), agro-byproducts with development potential, and fully explore the potential value in P. ginseng stems. Two novel polysaccharides firstly from P. ginseng stems (PGSP-1 and PGSP-2) were obtained by water extraction and alcohol precipitation method and column chromatography, and then characterized by FT-IR, HPGPC, HPLC, SEM, TGA, GC–MS and NMR. The results demonstrated that PGSP-1 (Mw = 723.83 kDa) and PGSP-2 (Mw = 620.48 kDa) were characterized →4)-β-D-Galp-(1→, →6)-α-D-Glcp-(1 → and →2)-α-L-Rhap-(1 → as the skeleton, →4,6)-β-D-Galp-(1 → and →2,6)-α-D-Manp-(1 → as the cross junction, α-L-Araf-(1 → as the terminal unit, and PGSP-1 still contained →4)-β-D-Galp, while PGSP-2 contained →4)-β-D-Xylp-(1→, →3)-β-D-GlcpA-(1→, →4)-β-D-GalpA-(1 →) and α-D-Glcp-(1→, with different microstructures and thermal stability. And the results of hypoglycemic activity revealed that both PGSP-1 and PGSP-2 showed excellent inhibitory activity against α-glucosidase and α-amylase, in which PGSP-2 had the better performance. The inhibition kinetics result showed that PGSPs on α-glucosidase and α-amylase were non-competitive type and mixed type inhibition. This study provided a theoretical basis for making full use of and exploiting the economic value of agro-byproducts such as P. ginseng stems and offered a theoretical reference for the effective utilization of PGSP as a functional component to prevent and reduce T2DM.

C17H14O6, monoclinic, P21/n (no. 14), a = 13.9003(10) Å, b = 7.6509(6) Å, c = 14.4694(11) Å, β = 105.300(3)°, V = 1484.3(2) Å3, Z = 4, R gt(F) = 0.0357, wR ref(F 2) = 0.0947, T = 100(2) K.

C21H19ClO3, orthorhombic, P212121 (no. 19), a = 6.0384(3) Å, b = 11.5696(7) Å, c = 24.6624(14) Å, V = 1722.96(17) Å3, Z = 4, Rgt(F) = 0.0253, wRref(F2) = 0.0637, T = 100(2) K.

Abstract Molecular knots, whose synthesis presents many challenges, can play important roles in protein structure and function as well as in useful molecular materials, whose properties depend on the size of the knotted structure. Here we report the synthesis by self-assembly of molecular trefoil metallaknot with formula [Au6{1,2-C6H4(OCH2CC)2}3{Ph2P(CH2)4PPh2}3], Au 6 , from three units of each of the components 1,2-C6H4(OCH2CCAu)2 and Ph2P(CH2)4PPh2. Structure determination by X-ray diffraction revealed that the chiral trefoil knot contains only 54 atoms in the backbone, so that Au 6 is the smallest and tightest molecular trefoil knot known to date.

Introduction:Ganoderma lucidum: (G. lucidum, Lingzhi) is a medicinal and edible homologous traditional Chinese medicine that is used to treat various diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease and mood disorders. We previously reported that the sporoderm-removed G. lucidum spore extract (RGLS) prevented learning and memory impairments in a rat model of sporadic Alzheimer’s disease (sAD), but the effect of RGLS on depression-like behaviors in this model and its underlying molecular mechanisms of action remain unclear.Method: The present study investigated protective effects of RGLS against intracerebroventricular streptozotocin (ICV-STZ)-induced depression in a rat model of sAD and its underlying mechanism. Effects of RGLS on depression- and anxiety-like behaviors in ICV-STZ rats were assessed in the forced swim test, sucrose preference test, novelty-suppressed feeding test, and open field test.Results: Behavioral tests demonstrated that RGLS (360 and 720 mg/kg) significantly ameliorated ICV-STZ-induced depression- and anxiety-like behaviors. Immunofluorescence, Western blot and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay results further demonstrated that ICV-STZ rats exhibited microglia activation and neuroinflammatory response in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), and RGLS treatment reversed these changes, reflected by the normalization of morphological changes in microglia and the expression of NF-κB, NLRP3, ASC, caspase-1 and proinflammatory cytokines. Golgi staining revealed that treatment with RGLS increased the density of mushroom spines in neurons. This increase was associated with elevated expression of brain-derived neurotrophic protein in the mPFC.Discussion: In a rat model of ICV-STZ-induced sAD, RGLS exhibits antidepressant-like effects, the mechanism of which may be related to suppression of the inflammatory response modulated by the NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway and enhancement of synaptic plasticity in the mPFC.

Introduction:Ganoderma lucidum (G. lucidum, Lingzhi) has long been listed as a premium tonic that can be used to improve restlessness, insomnia, and forgetfulness. We previously reported that a rat model of sporadic Alzheimer’s disease (sAD) that was induced by an intracerebroventricular injection of streptozotocin (ICV-STZ) showed significant learning and cognitive deficits and sleep disturbances. Treatment with a G. lucidum spore extract with the sporoderm removed (RGLS) prevented learning and memory impairments in sAD model rats.Method: The present study was conducted to further elucidate the preventive action of RGLS on sleep disturbances in sAD rats by EEG analysis, immunofluorescence staining, HPLC-MS/MS and Western blot.Results: Treatment with 720 mg/kg RGLS for 14 days significantly improved the reduction of total sleep time, rapid eye movement (REM) sleep time, and non-REM sleep time in sAD rats. The novelty recognition experiment further confirmed that RGLS prevented cognitive impairments in sAD rats. We also found that RGLS inhibited the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB)/Nod-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammatory pathway in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) in sAD rats and ameliorated the lower activity of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-ergic neurons in the parabrachial nucleus (PBN).Discussion: These results suggest that inhibiting the neuroinflammatory response in the mPFC may be a mechanism by which RGLS improves cognitive impairment. Additionally, improvements in PBN-GABAergic activity and the suppression of neuroinflammation in the mPFC in sAD rats might be a critical pathway to explain the preventive effects of RGLS on sleep disturbances in sAD.

Abstract Aims The use of non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) is conventional in management of postoperative pain in cancer patients, and further investigations have reported that some of these drugs correlated with the outcome in cancers. However, the prognostic value of the use of NSAIDs during surgery in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients has been less addressed. Methods NSCLC patients staged I–III are retrospectively enrolled, and the data of the use of NSAIDs during surgery are collected. Patients are divided into two subgroups according to the use intensity (UI) (low or high) of the NSAIDs, which was calculated by the accumulate dosage of all the NSAIDs divided by the length of hospitalization. The differences of the clinical features among these groups were checked. And the disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) differences in these groups were compared by Kaplan–Meier analysis; risk factors for survival were validated by using a Cox proportional hazards model. Results The UI was significant in predicting the DFS (AUC = 0.65, 95% CI: 0.57–0.73, P = 0.001) and OS (AUC = 0.70, 95% CI: 0.59–0.81, P = 0.001). Clinical features including type of resection (P = 0.001), N stages (P

Currently, information processing of tunnel engineering has mainly adopted conventional mathematical statistics-based methods. Moreover, some nonlinear processing methods are implemented to derive more insights, even though the degree of research is not deep enough. In the research, the rock mechanics test is carried out by drilling a method and taking samples in situ according to the construction technology of tunnels in complex geological conditions and implementing computer information-based methods. Also, rock mechanics tests are carried out in the excavation test area of the flat tunnel. Based on the tests using physical properties, such as deformation, tensile, uniaxial compression, triaxial compression, and longitudinal wave velocity, the physical and mechanical characteristics of the surrounding rock in the tunnel area are comprehensively evaluated, and the stability of the tunnel rock mass is assessed to devise convenient conditions for the subsequent research of the complex geological tunnels based on green excavation. The particle density of sandy mudstone, the bulk density, the porosity, and the natural water content are represented by 2.67 ± 0.61 g/cm3, 2.56 ± 1.42 g/cm3, 7.45%, and 2.86%, respectively, in terms of physical characteristics. These indicate that the sandy mudstone structure is relatively loose, with relatively large pores, micro-fractures, and a high degree of natural water content. The representative deformation test curve of the rock block shows that the ratio of deformation modulus to the compressive strength of the rock block is 650 on average, and Poisson’s ratio ranges from 0.21 to 0.38. These show that sandy mudstone has deformation properties after compression. The tensile strength of sandy mudstone, the shear strength, and c are represented by 1.25 ± 0.23 MPa, f = 1.32, and = 2.35 MPa, respectively. The stated test results can provide a scientific basis for selecting engineering design and its construction parameters in similar areas. In addition, the measurement results show that the surrounding rock will gradually increase, and the tunnel space will gradually become shorter with the increase of buried depth when the gravity stress field occurs. The linear elastic displacement of soft rock is smaller than that of elastic–plastic analysis, and the deeper the tunnel is buried, the larger the displacement difference would be. Therefore, establishing a stable and orderly monitoring and detection system could fully understand the intrinsic law between surrounding rock stress release and surrounding rock pressure and obtain accurate monitoring and measured data to evaluate the grading management standard of a tunnel at the ultimate displacement. In a word, this research provides a feasible idea to study the decision process of green excavation and deformation control technology of tunnels in complex strata.

Due to the powerful quantum confined space effects and multiple modes of small atomic sizes, metal nanoclusters (NCs) like thiolate-protected noble metals, such as silver (Ag) and gold (Au), which have a core sizes less than 3 nm, have developed a class of "metallic molecules" with multiple optical, magnetic, and electronic properties. To find a well-defined nanocatalysts, especially ligand-passivated metal NCs, great strides have been achieved in the efficient synthesis of atomically precise nanoparticles. Methods of synthesis such as bottom-up growth, top-down approach, ligand engineering, and interconversion system, are mentioned in this overview. Such clearly defined metal NCs have demonstrated considerable promise in catalysis research and have evolved into a distinct class of model catalysts. Focusing on the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), and oxygen evolution reaction (OER), this article attempts to outline current developments in NCs of molecular metals employed in electrocatalytic reactions. The paper highlights the relationship between the structure and performance of the catalytic mechanism and examines the potential effects of metal cluster sizes, metal core structures, charges, ligands, and metal–ligand binding patterns on their electrocatalytic activity. Future research opportunities and challenges are also proposed.

In recent years, HRB400 and HTRB600 steel bars have become the mainstream standard reinforcing steel used in concrete structures in China. However, significant controversy still exists regarding the selection of material constitutive models and the determination of model parameters for buckling, fatigue, hysteresis, and other material characteristics. In this article, an automated process of multi-parameter calculation of the constitutive model for reinforcing steel – simulation accuracy evaluation of the constitutive model – selection of the constitutive model of reinforcing steel is established based on the hybrid programming method using MATLAB and OpenSees software. First, tensile and low-cycle fatigue tests were carried out on HRB400 and HTRB600 steel bars. Second, based on the constitutive model in OpenSees software and the skeleton curve and characteristics such as yielding, fatigue, and hysteresis, the constitutive model parameters of HRB400 and HTRB600 steel bars are determined using indirect and direct fitting methods. Finally, the five similarity parameters of the simulated normalized cumulative hysteretic energy dissipation coefficient are compared with the test results. The results indicate that the simulation accuracy of the Reinforcing Steel model exceeds 72%, which is higher than other four models, making it the best choice for reinforcing steel in numerical simulation.

In the quest to streamline Korean text and speech annotation, this research introduces innovative automatic annotation methods that promise to revolutionize efficiency and technical prowess in constructing Korean annotation datasets. By leveraging the sophisticated Seq2Seq architecture with BERT and bidirectional GRU models, we significantly enhance the model’s ability to grasp contextual nuances, ensuring precise text annotations. The speech annotation frontier benefits from a novel amalgamation of the Hidden Markov Model’s forced alignment and semi-supervised learning, perfected with Seneff auditory features for meticulous phonological consonant boundary detection. Empirical validation across diverse datasets showcases our methodology’s superiority, achieving a remarkable 96.01% accuracy in text annotation and setting a new benchmark for phonological boundary detection at a 14.5ms minimum distance threshold. Our approach outperforms traditional algorithms, marking a pivotal step forward in Korean automatic annotation.

Ni-Mn-Sn alloy is considered to be one of the most potential refrigerant, sensor and driver materials, but its practical application is hindered to a large extent due to the inherent brittleness of intermetallic compounds.The microstructure, martensitic transformation, mechanical properties and seawater corrosion resistance of Ni45Co5Mn38Sn12-xGdx(x=0.3, 0.6, 1, 1.5, atom fraction/%, the same below) magnetic shape memory alloy were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), electron universal capacity testing machine and electrochemical workstation.The experimental results show that when the content of Gd is 0.3%, a mottled precipitate phase appears, and a particle precipitate phase is found around the mottled precipitate phase. The two precipitates increase gradually and are connected together in a network distribution. The doping of Gd increases the concentration of valence electrons in the alloy matrix, which leads to the increase of the alloy martensitic transformation temperature. When Gd content is 1.5%, the compressive strength of the alloy can reach 1258 MPa and the compressive fracture strain can reach 13.7%. In addition, the corrosion resistance of Ni-Co-Mn-Sn-Gd alloy is better than that of 304 stainless steel, and the corrosion resistance of the alloy gradually increases with the increase of Gd content.

In the present study, a new type of slightly curved arc HRB400 steel bars (SCAHSs) was proposed to solve the problem of temperature-induced stress loss in mass concrete structures without cutting off steel bars. The flexural performance of SCAHSs and straight HRB400 steel bars reinforced one-way concrete slabs were first experimentally investigated. Then, the effects of the shape and dimension of SCAHSs on the distribution and width of concrete cracks were analyzed and discussed. Subsequently, the synergistic tensile work characteristics between SCAHSs and concrete were presented. Finally, equations for the bearing capacity and allowable crack widths for SCAHSs in hydraulic massive structures were proposed. The test results indicated that after replacing the straight steel bars in the concrete slab with SCAHSs, the crack width of the concrete slabs increased, with the maximum crack width at the bottom of the concrete slabs increasing by a factor of 1.2–1.4. As the rise-span ratio of SCAHSs increased, the flexural stiffness of SCAHSs reinforced concrete slab decreased slightly, but the deflection increased. The allowable crack widths of SCAHSs reinforced concrete slabs under environment categories I, II, and III were 0.20, 0.17, and 0.12 mm, respectively.

To study the gas product yield characteristics during in-situ pyrolysis of deep buried anthracite for gas extraction, high-temperature and high-pressure triaxial tester and gas chromatography were used to obtain the pyrolysis gas yield and products of anthracite in the range of 100-600 ℃. The relationship between product and permeability was analyzed. The study showed that the variation of pyrolysis gas yield with temperature can be divided into four stages: the first stage(degassing stage) from 100 ℃ to 200 °C, where the anthracite produces small amounts of gas and the precipitated gas is mainly N2 and O2. The second stage ayayrolysis initiation stage) from 300 ℃ to 400 ℃, where the anthracite coal is further pyrolyzed and the gas yield further increases, and the gas is mainly composed of CH4, CO2, H2 and C2H6 produced by coal pyrolysis. 400 ℃ is the first peak of pyrolysis gas production. The range of 400-500 ℃ is the third stage(pyrolysis stage), due to the thermal stability of organic substances in anthracite, resulting in lower gas production. The range of 500-600 ℃ is the fourth stage(cracking stage), and pyrolysis gas production once again continues to increase. The permeability is influenced by the gas yield and gas production during pyrolysis.

In this work, black sesame melanin was used as template and reducing agent to prepare a melanin-nanoselenium complex. The preparation process was optimized, and its structure and morphology were characterized. Also, its antioxidant capacity in vitro was tested, and its protective effect on oxidative damage of red blood cells and EAhy926 endothelial cells was evaluated. Its anticancer activity and biocompatibility were investigated by using lung cancer cell line A549 and shrimp killing experiment. The results showed that the optimum conditions for the synthesis of melanin-nanoselenium complex were as follows: volume ratio of melanin solution (0.3 mg/mL) to selenium dioxide solution (0.555 mg/mL) 9:5, pH 7, and reaction time 5 h with magnetic stirring (400 r/min). The results of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) showed that Se4+ was completely reduced. The results of infrared (IR) spectroscopy indicated that the carboxyl and conjugate structures of melanin might be involved in the reaction. According to the results of characterization by synchronous light scattering, the particle size of the melanin-nanoselenium complex was approximately 200 nm, and it was stable and could be well distributed in water dispersion system. The complex remained stable for 2 h in simulated gastric juice, and was pH tolerant. It could be released slowly in simulated intestinal juice, thus having the potential for long-term sustained release. In vitro antioxidant results showed that the scavenging capacity against 2,2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical cation and total reducing power of the complex were significantly better than those of selenium dioxide. The complex significantly inhibited hemolysis of red blood cells and oxidative damage of EAhy926 endothelial cells induced by hydrogen peroxide, and had inhibitory activity on lung cancer cells. The toxicity of this complex was weaker than that of selenium dioxide, whose semi-lethal concentration (LC50) values were 347.393 and 19.781 µg/mL, respectively. This study is meaningful for guiding further research on melanin resources and the preparation of melanin-nanoselenium complex, and also provides a theoretical basis for the use of melanin-nanoselenium complex as a dietary selenium supplement.

Copper doping of atomically precise gold nanoclusters is a useful strategy to tune their chemical and physical properties, but Au–Cu nanocluster alloys tend to exhibit poor stability. Here, a [Au12Cu13(Ph3P)10I7](SbF6)2 cluster is prepared and shown to display enhanced stability and fluorescence in comparison to homonuclear cluster [Au25(PPh3)10Br7](SbF6)2, in addition to promising photocatalytic activity for methanol oxidation.

Objective·To examine the level change of serum renalase in the patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS), and analyze its role in evaluating disease.Methods·A total of 118 AIS patients admitted to the Department of Neurology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine from July 2020 to November 2021 were enrolled in the case group (AIS group). The patients were assessed for neurological deficits according to the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), and were classified as mild and moderate-severe neurological deficits. Another 133 healthy people who participated in physical examination in the physical examination center of the hospital during the same period were selected as the control group. The serum renalase levels of the two groups were detected by ELISA. Spearman's rank correlation analysis was used to evaluate the correlation between the levels of serum renalase and gender, age, fasting blood glucose, blood lipids and NIHSS scores in the patient with AIS. The predictive value of renalase expression level in AIS diagnosis was analyzed by receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve. The factors that were statistically significant in the results of the univariate Logistic regression analysis were included in the multivariate Logistic regression model.Results·The level of serum renalase in the AIS group was 2 960.01 (1 557.99, 4 053.70) pg/mL, which was higher than 821.02 (391.29, 1 752.70) pg/mL in the control group, with a statistically significant difference (P=0.000). Spearman's rank correlation analysis showed that the levels of serum renalase in the patients with AIS were negatively correlated with the NIHSS scores (r=-0.216, P=0.019), positively correlated with the serum fasting glucose (r=0.200, P=0.030), and not significantly correlated with gender, age, low-density lipoprotein levels, total cholesterol levels, and the presence of hypertension, diabetes, or coronary heart disease. Serum renalase levels were higher in the AIS with mild neurological deficit patients than those in the moderate-severe deficit patients, and the difference was statistically significant (P=0.034). The ROC curve showed that the cut-off value of serum renalase level to diagnose AIS was 1 856.49 pg/mL, the area under the curve was 0.777±0.030 and its 95%CI was 0.718‒0.836 (P=0.000). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that elevated serum renalase level [>1 856.49 pg/mL, odds ratio (OR)=6.980, P=0.000], hypertension (OR=5.382, P=0.000), and diabetes (OR=2.453, P=0.040) were risk factors for AIS.Conclusion·Serum renalase level is significantly elevated in AIS patients, and negatively correlated with NIHSS score. Serum renalase might be a potential biomarker for the auxiliary diagnosis and assessment of AIS, providing new ideas for the assessment of stroke disease progression and precise treatment.

Among the 20 proteinogenic amino acids, 19 can exist in two stereoisomeric forms, D- and L-enantiomers except glycine. According to conventional theory, L-amino acids are the main body involved in life activities, while little attention has been paid to the existence and physiological activity of D-amino acids in organisms. With the development of analytical technologies for chiral amino acids, a large number of D-amino acids and bioactive peptides containing D-amino acids have been found in various organisms, including mammals, plants, microorganisms and humans. D-amino acids possess unique physiological activities such as neural signal transduction, hormone regulation, antibacterial effect and immune regulation. Daily diet is an important source of D-amino acids for humans, and the daily average supply of D-amino acids for humans is about 100 mg. D-amino acids in foods mainly origin from processing conditions such as fermentation, high temperature and certain pH, along with a small amount from food raw materials. At present, emerging functional foods with D-amino acids as the major component have begun to appear in the market. D-amino acids hold great potential that deserves to be explored further and are expected to be an important ingredient for the development of new functional foods in the future.

In this study, 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H MRS) was used to analyze metabolites in the hippocampus of chronic type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) rats induced by streptozocin and T1DM rats treated with long-term insulin. The results showed that, compared with control rats and insulin-treated T1DM rats, the fasting blood glucose of T1DM rats increased significantly, while the body weight of T1DM rats decreased remarkably (p < 0.05). The contents of myo-inositol (Ins), taurine (Tau) and glutamate (Glu) of T1DM rats were significantly higher than those of control rats (p=0.000, p=0.003, p=0.014, respectively), and the contents of Ins and Tau of insulin-treated T1DM rats were significantly decreased than those in the T1DM diabetic rats (p=0.000, p=0.010, respectively). Contents of Glu and Glx (Glu and glutamine) of insulin-treated T1DM rats were significantly higher than those in the control group (p=0.007, p=0.042, respectively). The metabolite changes of Ins and Tau in hippocampus of T1DM rats are sensitive to insulin treatment.

Objective To explore the influencing factors and current situation about frailty of the elderly patients in Beijing, and to provide references for further health assessment about elderly patients, in order to provide reference about choosing the right methods for nursing elderly patients and improving the quality of nursing. Methods The convenience sampling method was used to select the elderly inpatients admitted to three hospitals in Beijing from April to May 2021. Use the Tilburg frailty indicator (TFI) to investigate and assess the 200 elderly patients. Results The score of frailty in elderly patients is (5. 34±2. 99), about 57. 99%(98/169) elderly patients were living with frailty. Lower scores of the project was “Questions related to living alone”(13. 02%), “Cognition”(13. 02%) and “Coping” (18. 93%); Higher scores of the project was “Physical health”(68. 05%), “difficulty in walking”(55. 03%) and “Physical tiredness”(49. 70%). The elderly patients’ “age”, “presence of two or more chronic diseases”, “life events in the last year” were related to frailty(P＜0. 05). Conclusion In hospitals of Beijing, the frailty conditions are more common in elderly patients. It should be highly concerned about the elderly patients in nursing working, in order to provide nursing skills systematically and reasonably, make them adapted to the life in hospital. (目的 了解北京老年住院患者的衰弱状况, 分析其相关因素, 为老年住院患者的健康评估提供临床依据, 并为选择适合衰弱老年住院患者的护理保健方法、提高护理质量提供方向。方法 采用方便抽样法选取北京市3所三级甲等综合医院2021年4月—5月收治例老年住院患者, 采用Tilburg衰弱指数(TFI)评估量表对其进行调查评估。结果 老年住院患者衰弱指数总得分为(5. 34±2. 99)分, 衰弱人群约占57. 99%(98/169)。得分率较低的项目为“独居问题”(13. 02%)、“认知情况”(13. 02%)和“应对能力”(18. 93%); 得分率较高的项目为“身体健康状况”(68. 05%)、“行走困难”(55. 03%)和“疲劳感”(49. 70%)。其中, 衰弱程度与老年住院患者的“年龄”、“是否患有两种或两种以上慢性疾病”和“在过去的一年的生活事件”相关(P＜0. 05)。结论 在北京市三级甲等综合医院中, 老年住院患者衰弱情况发生率较高, 在护理工作中, 应高度关注老年住院患者, 为其提供科学合理的护理服务, 使其较好的适应住院生活。)

The optical network has become the most important way to carry power communications. To ensure its high reliability, operators need to detect the cables of the network periodically, which need to enter the substations. However, the large number and scattered location of substations bring challenges to the optical cable detection for the power communication optical network. This paper studies such multi-period optical cable detection problem of optical network in the context of power communication. With the objective of minimizing the total number of entered substations, we developed an Integer Linear Programming (ILP) model and a corresponding heuristic algorithm is also proposed. The simulation results show that the proposed heuristic algorithm can effectively reduce the total number of entered substations and perform close to the results of ILP model.

Quantitative identification of water utilization characteristics of xerophytic shrubs is an important prerequisite for the selection and optimization of a regional artificial sand-fixing vegetation system. In this study, a hydrogen (δD) stable isotope technique was used to study the changes in water use characteristics of four typical xerophytic shrubs, Caragana korshinskii, Salix psammophila, Artemisia ordosica, and Sabina vulgaris in the Hobq Desert under light (4.8 mm after 1 and 5 days) and heavy (22.4 mm after 1 and 8 days) rainfall events. Under light rainfall, C. korshinskii and S. psammophila primarily used the 80–140 cm layer of soil water (37–70%) and groundwater (13–29%), and the water use characteristics did not change significantly after the light rainfall event. However, the utilization ratio of A. ordosica to soil water in the 0–40 cm layer increased from less than 10% on the first day after rain to more than 97% on the fifth day after rain, whereas the utilization ratio of S. vulgaris to soil water in the 0–40 cm layer also increased from 43% to nearly 60%. Under heavy rainfall, C. korshinskii and S. psammophila still used the 60–140 cm layer (56–99%) and groundwater (~15%), while the main water utilization depth of A. ordosica and S. vulgaris expanded to 0–100 cm. Based on the above results, C. korshinskii and S. psammophila primarily use the soil moisture of the 80–140 cm layer and groundwater, while A. ordosica and S. vulgaris use the soil moisture of the 0–100 cm layer. Therefore, the co-existence of A. ordosica and S. vulgaris will increase the competition between artificial sand-fixing plants, while the combination of the two plants with C. korshinskii and S. psammophila will avoid competition between artificial sand-fixing plants to some extent. This study provides important guidance for regional vegetation construction and sustainable management of an artificial vegetation system.

Two-dimensional (2D) structures show atomic geometry of ultrahigh thickness and have the highest surface-to-volume ratio. A monolayer of 2D materials commonly comprises atomically thick covalent lattice bonds, which contain free nanosheets with dangling bonds that might exhibit odd electrical and optical properties. The gathering for 2D derivatives of vdW architectures may be viewed as being outside the bounds of lattice matching due to the lack of directly chemical bond proficiency. Heterostructures are frequently composed of multiple parts associated with significant interfaces and are extensively studied to prevent problems caused by hybrids with unique functions, such as tunneling and confinement effects. To optimize the adsorption/desorption energy for important reactions and to advance the kinetics of chemical reactions, heterostructures formation is a strong strategy to accelerate Hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) activity is proposed. This mini-review deals with various 2D material and their heterostructures, from catalysts design to enhanced photo and electrocatalysis for H2 evolution reactions. Various forms, including 2D/2D, 1D/2D, and 0D/2D of heterostructures, are explained in water splitting reaction. By thoroughly addressing the fundamental aspects, recent developments, and associated challenges ⁠— the author's recommendation in compliance with future contests and prospects will pave the way for readers.

Melanin comes from a wide range of sources. It can be isolated and characterized from some plants, animals and microorganisms, and can also be simply polymerized by dopamine. It has many biological properties such as antioxidant, ultraviolet shielding and bacteriostasis. Based on the above characteristics, the addition of melanin to film-forming materials can improve the relevant physical properties and functional properties of the film. In this article, the structure and properties of melanin were briefly introduced, and then the advantages and related research progress of melanin as a functional filler in the field of composite film were summarized.

In view of the shortcomings of current intelligent drilling technology in drilling condition representation, sample collection, data processing and feature extraction, an intelligent identification method of safety risk while drilling was established. The correlation analysis method was used to determine correlation parameters indicating gas drilling safety risk. By collecting monitoring data in the safety risk period of more than 20 wells, a sample database of a variety of safety risks in gas drilling was established, and the number of samples was expanded by using the method of few-shot learning. According to the forms of gas drilling monitoring data samples, a two-layer convolution neural network architecture was designed, and multiple convolution cores of different sizes and weights were set to realize the vertical and horizontal convolution computations of samples to extract and learn the variation law and correlation characteristics of multiple monitoring parameters. Finally, based on the training results of neural network, samples of different kinds of safety risks were selected to enhance the recognition accuracy. Compared with the traditional BP (error back propagation) full-connected neural network architecture, this method can more deeply and effectively identify safety risk characteristics in gas drilling, and thus identify and predict risks in advance, which is conducive to avoid and quickly solve safety risks while drilling. Field application has proved that this method has an identification accuracy of various safety risks while drilling in the process of gas drilling of about 90% and is practical.

Pisha sandstone is a kind of special rock widely distributed in the middle and upper reaches of the Yellow River, which is composed of sand shale and argillaceous sandstone. Due to the low diagenetic degree, the poor cementation between sand grains, the low structural strength, and containing a large number of clay minerals, its anti-weathering ability is weak. Pisha sandstone becomes sand when encountering wind and becomes mud when encountering water, which is an important source of "sediment delivery into the Yellow River". Based on microbially induced carbonate precipitation (MICP) technology, the weathered Pisha sandstone soil was improved and reinforced. Aiming to obtain good strength of improved soil samples and combine with the analysis of physical properties and pore structure, the optimal scheme design of improvement for the soils containing many fine-grained soils was carried out. Under 12 working conditions, the artificial control with crystal forms, crystal morphology, and crystal size were carried out through three experimental control factors: the concentration of the bacterial solution, the dosage ratio of bacterial solution to calcium source solution, and the molar ratio of calcium to urea. The results show that when the urea consumption was 0.4 mol, using the test scheme that the bacterial solution concentration OD600 was 1.2, the ratio of bacterial solution to calcium source solution was 1:20, and the ratio of calcium to urea was 1:1, it is found that the calcium carbonate crystal induced by microorganisms was deposited in the form of "20?30 μm calcite-vaterite aggregates". These aggregates were filled in the pores of the weathered Pisha sandstone soil to increase the soil compactness, and therefore the sample porosity was reduced by 62.4%, enhancing the corrosion resistance. The improved soil also showed good strength characteristics with 1 MPa of unconfined compressive strength. Due to the filling and cementation of this calcium carbonate crystal, the strength remained 43.6% after being saturated with water, which solved the problem of the soil collapsing in water. The research results expand the application of MICP technology in the reinforcement of mixed soil with a large amount of fine-grained soil and provide a theoretical and experimental basis for the engineering application of the improvement of weathered Pisha sandstone soil.

A new type of spectrometer that heavily relies on computational technique to recover spectral information is introduced. They are different from conventional optical spectrometers in many important aspects. Traditional spectrometers offer high spectral resolution and wide spectral range, but they are so bulky and expensive as to be difficult to deploy broadly in the field. Emerging applications in machine sensing and imaging require low-cost miniaturized spectrometers that are specifically designed for certain applications. Computational spectrometers are well suited for these applications. They are generally low in cost and offer single-shot operation, with adequate spectral and spatial resolution. The new type of spectrometer combines recent progress in nanophotonics, advanced signal processing and machine learning. Here we review the recent progress in computational spectrometers, identify key challenges, and note new directions likely to develop in the near future.

The Fuli Pb-Zn deposit in Yunnan is located in the southeast of the Sichuan-Yunnan-Guizhou (SYG) Pb-Zn metallogenic province in South China. Lead and zinc reserves total approximately 0.3 million tons with an average grade of 18.68% Pb+Zn. The stratiform ore occurs in the interlayer fracture zone of the middle Permian Yangxin formation dolomite. The main sulfides of the Fuli Pb-Zn deposit consist of sphalerite, galena, and pyrite, while dolomite and calcite are the main gangue minerals. Mineralization exhibits massive, disseminated, vein and breccia textures. Sphalerites of two colors (black and red) have been identified in the Fuli deposit. LA-ICP-MS analysis revealed that the black and red sphalerites were enriched in Cd, Cu, Ga, and Ge and depleted in Fe, Mn, and In to varying degrees. The aforementioned elements exhibit homogeneous patterns in the LA-ICPMS time resolution profiles, which is consistent with variations in the concentrations of major elements like Zn and S. This indicates that these elements may occur in sphalerite as a result of isomorphous substitution. However, elements such as As, Sb, Pb, and Ag fluctuate greatly in the LA-ICPMS time resolution profiles, suggesting that these elements may exist as fine inclusions. Thus, the different colors of the Fuli sphalerite may be attributed to various elements such as Ni, Cu, and Ga; Ni and Cu result in purple Sp, Cu renders sphalerite red, and Ga imparts a yellow color. The sulfur isotope compositions of the two sphalerites exhibit little variation, with δ34S values ranging from 15.57‰ to 16.91‰, indicating the enrichment of 34S. These results are consistent with the sulfur isotopic compositions of Permian marine sulfates, indicating that thermochemical sulfate reduction was the main source of the reduced sulfur in the hydrothermal fluids. In situ Pb isotopic composition analysis revealed 208Pb/204Pb, 207Pb/204Pb, and 206Pb/204Pb values for galena in the range of 38.5–38.651, 15.666–15.733, and 18.539–19.124, respectively. The in situ Pb isotopic ratios of most galenas plot on the field of the basement metamorphic rocks of the Kunyang Group. These in situ Pb isotopic signatures reveal that the metallogenic metals are mainly derived from crustal basement. The findings of this study suggest that the Fuli Pb-Zn deposit is a MVT Pb-Zn deposit controlled by the interlayer compressional structure with characteristics of carbonate-hosted, epigenetic, simple mineral symbiosis, high Pb-Zn grade, and abundant Cd, Ga, and Ge along with other dispersed elements.

Gas drilling technology is an effective method to protect low permeability tight sandstone reservoirs from damage. However, using this technology to drill high-pressure fractured reservoirs, the fluid flow characteristics are extremely complex, leading to drilling safety challenges. Therefore, based on the conservation equations of mass, momentum, and energy, a new transient coupled flow model in matrix-fracture is established for high-pressure gas reservoirs opened by gas drilling, considering convection term and energy equation, to research the pressure and flow velocity transient behaviors. This model is solved by Shaher Momani’s algorithm and CyabJiBe format, and the type curves of the pressure and flow velocity are plotted. The three flow stages are developed, and the impact of parameters and equation terms on the transient flow behavior is analyzed and discussed, such as the energy equation, the matrix permeability (k), the fracture aperture (Lf), and the fracture outlet pressure. It is found that the energy equation term of the model has a great influence on the transient characteristics such as velocity and pressure, which cannot be ignored. In the first flow stage, the flow velocity characteristics are not affected by the matrix parameters being extremely unstable, but in the second and third stages, the influence of the gas supplied to fracture cannot be ignored. The proposed transient coupled flow model provides a new understanding of the transient flow behavior in matrix-fracture for high-pressure reservoirs during gas drilling, which can be used to interpret the characteristics of pressure and velocity more realistically, to provide support for safe drilling of gas drilling.

During the drilling of shale gas wells, the shape of shale cuttings cut by polycrystalline diamond compact bits has an obvious flaky structure. The accumulation of such flaky cuttings is one of the main reasons for high drilling torque and drag and serious back pressure, which affect the drilling speed of the horizontal section of shale gas wells. Therefore, predicting the thickness of the flaky cuttings bed and restraining it are essential for ensuring safe and efficient drilling of the horizontal section of shale gas wells. However, most of the previous research on migration laws for cuttings were based on spherical particles, which affected the accuracy of cuttings bed thickness prediction. In this study, through visualization experiments combined with computational fluid dynamics numerical simulation, the hole cleaning laws of shale gas wells in the long horizontal section were studied, and a set of cuttings bed thickness prediction models and cuttings bed removal process parameter optimization methods were established. Field application was conducted in the Changning 209H24-1 well in the southern Sichuan Basin, China. The results revealed the following: (1) There are significant differences in the migration laws of flaky cuttings and spherical cuttings in the horizontal section. (2) The fitting accuracy of the established long horizontal fragmentation layer distribution model considering multiple factors and the experimental data is as high as 0.973. (3) Based on this model, the drilling parameters of the Changning 209H24-1 well were optimized, which played a good role in wellbore cleaning and ensured the safe and smooth implementation of the later casing operation.

C26H29NO2, triclinic, P1‾ $P\overline{1}$ (no. 2), a = 10.8490(8) Å, b = 13.2892(9) Å, c = 14.7199(10) Å, α = 89.161(3)°, β = 79.991(2)°, γ = 85.746(2)°, V = 2084.2(3) Å3, Z = 4, R gt(F) = 0.0641, wR ref(F 2) = 0.1449, T = 170 K.

Abstract Background Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious viral disease of cloven-hoofed animals. As a transboundary animal disease, the prevention and control of FMD are important. This study was based on spatial multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) to assess FMD risk areas in mainland China. Ten risk factors were identified for constructing risk maps by scoring, and the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) was used to calculate the criteria weights of all factors. Different risk factors had different units and attributes, and fuzzy membership was used to standardize the risk factors. The weighted linear combination (WLC) and one-at-a-time (OAT) were used to obtain risk and uncertainty maps as well as to perform sensitivity analysis. Results Four major risk areas were identified in mainland China, including western (parts of Xinjiang and Tibet), southern (parts of Yunnan, Guizhou, Guangxi, Sichuan and Guangdong), northern (parts of Gansu, Ningxia and Inner Mongolia), and eastern (parts of Hebei, Henan, Anhui, Jiangsu and Shandong). Spring is the main season for FMD outbreaks. Risk areas were associated with the distance to previous outbreak points, grazing areas and cattle density. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis indicated that the risk map had good predictive power (AUC=0.8634). Conclusions These results can be used to delineate FMD risk areas in mainland China, and veterinary services can adopt the targeted preventive measures and control strategies.

Ectrodactyly–ectodermal dysplasia–cleft (EEC) syndrome is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by ectrodactyly, ectodermal dysplasia, and orofacial clefting. Reduced penetrance is manifested in these core features and additional under-recognized features, especially in prenatal cases. Here, we present a fetus with EEC syndrome at 22 weeks gestation, in which the cleft lip and palate and the right polycystic kidney are shown by prenatal ultrasound. A de novo missense mutation of R304W in the TP63 gene is confirmed by whole-exome sequencing associated with EEC syndrome. We further investigate the reported TP63-related prenatal cases and provide a more complete picture of the prenatal phenotypic spectrum about EEC. It illustrates the potential severity of genitourinary anomalies in TP63-related disorders and highlights the need to counsel for the possibility of EEC syndrome, given the occurrence of genitourinary anomalies with orofacial cleft or limb deformities.

Dynamic metal nanoclusters have garnered widespread attention due to their unique properties and potential applications in various fields. Researchers have been dedicated to developing new synthesis methods and strategies to control the morphologies, compositions, and structures of metal nanoclusters. Through optimized synthesis methods, it is possible to prepare clusters with precise sizes and shapes, providing a solid foundation for subsequent research. Accurate determination of their crystal structures is crucial for understanding their behavior and designing custom functional materials. Dynamic metal nanoclusters also demonstrate potential applications in catalysis and optoelectronics. By manipulating the sizes, compositions, and surface structures of the clusters, efficient catalysts and optoelectronic materials can be designed and synthesized for various chemical reactions and energy conversion processes. This review summarizes the research progress in the synthesis methods, crystal structure characterization, and potential applications of dynamic metal nanoclusters. Various nanoclusters composed of different metal elements are introduced, and their potential applications in catalysis, optics, electronics, and energy storage are discussed. Additionally, the important role of dynamic metal nanoclusters in materials science and nanotechnology is explored, along with an overview of the future directions and challenges in this field.

Abstract Background Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in women. Cancer driver gene-mediated alterations in the tumor microenvironment are critical factors affecting the biological behavior of breast cancer. The purpose of this study was to identify the expression characteristics and prognostic value of cancer driver genes in breast cancer. Methods The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) datasets are used as the training and test sets. Classified according to cancer and paracancerous tissues, we identified differentially expressed cancer driver genes. We further screened prognosis-associated genes, and candidate genes were submitted for the construction of a risk signature. Functional enrichment analysis and transcriptional regulatory networks were performed to search for possible mechanisms by which cancer driver genes affect breast cancer prognosis. Results We identified more than 200 differentially expressed driver genes and 27 prognosis-related genes. High-risk group patients had a lower survival rate compared to the low-risk group (P

Objective To evaluate the outcome of noninvasive auricle correction of congenital auricle malformation and its rebound rate after 1-year follow-up. Methods The clinical data of 51 infants (66 ears) receiving noninvasive auricle correction in our hospital from January 2018 to January 2019 were collected, and the clinical characteristics and therapeutic effects of patients were analyzed. Follow-up was conducted at 3, 6 and 12 months after the correction, respectively, to observe the auricle rebound. Results Among the 51 cases, the correction effect presented significant in 43 cases (57 ears, 86.36%) and effective in 8 cases (9 ears, 13.64%). At 3, 6 and 12 months after the correction, 6 ears (9.09%), 9 ears (13.64%) and 9 ears (13.64%) recurred respectively, but the difference was not significant. According to the initial age of correction, the infants were divided into ≤30 d, 31~90 d and >90 d groups, and the rebound rate of each group was 12.5%(3 ears), 8%(2 ears) and 5.88%(1 ear), respectively (Chi-square=26.4, P < 0.05) at 3 months after the correction, while the rebound rate among groups showed no significance at 6 and 12 months. In light of the type of auricle deformity, the rebound rates of cup-shaped ear, annular ear and auricle deformity were 57.14% (4 ears), 15.79%(3 ears) and 20.00%(2 ears), respectively, at the 12th month after the correction, and there was no significant difference among them. Conclusion Noninvasive auricle correction effectively corrects congenital auricle malformation in children, with rebound cases occurring within 6 months after correction. The initial age of correction and the type of auricle deformity may be the influencing factors for rebound rate.