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"Objective To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of reduced glutathione (rGSH) in combination with sodium dimercaptosulphonate (DMPS) for neurological Wilson’s disease (NWD), and to explore the effect of the combined treatment on oxidative stress levels. Methods Retrospective analysis of clinical data of 118 NWD patients who received rGSH combined with DMPS (observation group, n=62) or DMPS monotherapy (control group, n=56) at the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine from May 2020 to March 2022. Clinical data such as age, gender, clinical outcome, adverse effects, modified Young scale score, white blood cells, platelets, ceruloplasmin (CER), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were collected and statistically analysed. Results Of the 62 NWD patients in the observation group, neurological symptoms improved in 46 cases and remained stable in 15 cases, while worsened in 1 case. Of the 56 NWD patients in the control group, neurological symptoms improved in 31 cases and remained stable in 18 cases, while worsened in 7 cases. The improvement of neurological symptoms in the observation group was better than that in the control group (U=2.381, P=0.017). The modified Young scale score was significantly decreased in both groups (P＜0.05), and that in the observation group was lower compared to the control group (P＜0.05). The levels of white blood cell, platelet, and CER remained stable in both groups (P＞0.05). The combination treatment greatly facilitated 24-hour urinary copper excretion, and improved liver function (AST, ALT) and anti-oxidative stress levels (SOD, MDA) (P＜0.05). Similar adverse reactions occurred in both groups (χ2=0.102, P＞0.05). Conclusion Compared to DMPS monotherapy, rGSH plus DMPS for NWD patients can effectively ameliorate neurological symptoms, enhance urinary copper excretion and improve anti-oxidative stress levels with a high safety."

Summary: Inter‐subspecific indica–japonica hybrid rice (Oryza sativa) has the potential for increased yields over traditional indica intra‐subspecies hybrid rice, but limited yield of F1 hybrid seed production (FHSP) hinders the development of indica–japonica hybrid rice breeding. Diurnal flower‐opening time (DFOT) divergence between indica and japonica rice has been a major contributing factor to this issue, but few DFOT genes have been cloned. Here, we found that manipulating the expression of jasmonate (JA) pathway genes can effectively modulate DFOT to improve the yield of FHSP in rice. Treating japonica cultivar Zhonghua 11 (ZH11) with methyl jasmonate (MeJA) substantially advanced DFOT. Furthermore, overexpressing the JA biosynthesis gene OPDA REDUCTASE 7 (OsOPR7) and knocking out the JA inactivation gene CHILLING TOLERANCE 1 (OsHAN1) in ZH11 advanced DFOT by 1‐ and 2‐h respectively; and knockout of the JA signal suppressor genes JASMONATE ZIM‐DOMAIN PROTEIN 7 (OsJAZ7) and OsJAZ9 resulted in 50‐min and 1.5‐h earlier DFOT respectively. The yields of FHSP using japonica male‐sterile lines GAZS with manipulated JA pathway genes were significantly higher than that of GAZS wildtype. Transcriptome analysis, cytological observations, measurements of elastic modulus and determination of cell wall components indicated that the JA pathway could affect the loosening of the lodicule cell walls by regulating their composition through controlling sugar metabolism, which in turn influences DFOT. This research has vital implications for breeding japonica rice cultivars with early DFOT to facilitate indica–japonica hybrid rice breeding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We prepared four emitters using 1,2-diphenyl-1H-phenanthro [9,10-d]imidazole (PPI) as the chromophore unit, anthracene as the bridge and 1-naphthyl, 2-naphthyl, benzene and phenylcarbazole as peripheral groups, namely PPIAn1N, PPIAn2N, PPIAnp and PPIAnCz, and used them in integrated organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) and ultraviolet organic photodetectors(UVOPDs). All these four molecules exhibit hybridized local and charge transfer (HLCT) excited states with maximum emission peaks at ∼433, 448, 446 and 450 nm in the film state, respectively. The non-doped OLED based on PPIAn2N exhibits excellent performances with a deep-blue emission at ∼452 nm, CIE coordinates (Commission International de L'Eclairage) of (0.15, 0.11) and a maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 7.3%. The integrated OLED–UVOPD based on PPIAn2N achieves a detectivity of 2.53 × 1012 Jones, a switching ratio of 4.57 × 104, a turn-on voltage of 3 V and a maximum power efficiency of 6.3 lm W−1. Our work highlights the application of integrated multifunctional devices in the deep-blue emission zone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Though adults tend to endorse the stereotype that boys are better than girls in math, children tend to favor their own gender or be gender egalitarian. When do individuals start endorsing the traditional stereotype that boys are better? Using two longitudinal U.S. datasets that span 1993 to 2011, we examined three questions: (1) What are the developmental changes in adolescents' gender stereotypes about math abilities from early to late adolescence? (2) Do the developmental changes vary based on gender and race/ethnicity? (3) Are adolescents' stereotypes related to their math motivational beliefs? Finally, (4) do these patterns replicate across two datasets that vary in historical time? Adolescents in grades 8/9 and 11 were asked whether girls or boys are better at math (n's = 1186 and 23,340, 49–53% girls, 30–54% White, 13–60% Black, 1–22% Latinx, and 2% to 4% Asian). Early adolescents were more likely to be gender egalitarian or favor their own gender. By late adolescence, adolescents' stereotypes typically shifted towards the traditional stereotype that boys are better. In terms of race/ethnicity, White and Asian adolescents significantly favored boys, whereas Black and Latinx adolescents were more likely to endorse gender egalitarian beliefs. Adolescents' stereotypes were significantly related to their expectancy beliefs, negatively for girls and positively for boys. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

SUMMARY Diurnal flower‐opening time (DFOT), the time of spikelet opening during the day, is an important trait for hybrid rice (Oryza sativa L.) seed production. Hybrids between indica and japonica rice varieties have strong heterosis, but the parental lines usually have different, nonoverlapping DFOTs. This reduces the success of hybrid seed production in crosses between indica and japonica subspecies, thus hindering the utilization of indica and japonica inter‐subspecies heterosis. However, little is known about the molecular mechanisms regulating DFOT in rice. Here, we obtained japonica rice lines with a DFOT 1.5 h earlier than the wild type by overexpressing OsMYC2, a gene encoding a key transcription factor in the jasmonate (JA) signaling pathway. OsMYC2 is activated by JA signaling and directly regulates the transcription of genes related to JA biosynthesis and cell wall metabolism. Overexpressing OsMYC2 led to significantly increased JA contents and decreased cellulose and hemicellulose contents in lodicule cells, as well as the softening of lodicule cell walls. This may facilitate the swelling of lodicules, resulting in early diurnal flower‐opening. These results suggest that the OsMYC2–JA feedback loop regulates DFOT in rice via cell wall remodeling. These findings shed light on the understanding of regulatory mechanism of the DFOT of plants, which should promote the development of indica and japonica varieties suitable for hybrid rice breeding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]