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The experiment was to study the quality and in vitro digestibility of total mixed fermentation diet treated with different proportions of reed grass and corn straw. The concentrate to roughage ratio of the diet was 35:65, and each group has consistent composition of concentrate (corn 13%, soybean meal 7%, flax meal 6%, bran 4%, wolfberry residue 5%). The coarse materials were reed grass and corn straw in different proportions. Reed grass and corn stalk were mixed in fresh weight ratios of 0:10 (group A), 2:8 (group B), 4:6 (group C), 6:4 (group D), 8:2 (group E), and 10:0 (group F), respectively, and combined with 35% concentrate feed. Cellulase and compound probiotics were used to ferment the total mixed diet prepared with different proportions of reed grass and corn straw combined with concentrate. Each group was set with three replicates and fermented for 30 days. The results showed that when the ratio of concentrate to roughage was 35:65, and the daily feed underwent enzymatic complex treatment with a roughage composition of reed grass to corn stalk at a ratio of 2:8, the overall sensory quality of the feed was better, with higher conventional nutritional value, maximum gas production, and the best combined effect. The study indicates that the ratio of reed grass to corn straw in roughage is 2:8, which is helpful to improve the utilization rate of reed grass and straw feed, reduce feed cost, improve economic benefit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new type of silica/MgCl2 composites was synthesized by the impregnation method. The effects of the pore size and particle size of silica gel, the MgCl2 concentration, and the temperature and RH of the adsorption environment on the adsorption performance of silica gel/MgCl2 composite adsorbent were analyzed. Experiments show that the adsorption capacity of the composite adsorbents is proportional to the pore size of silica gel and inversely proportional to the particle size of silica gel. The equilibrium adsorption capacities of SG-A/M20,SG-B/M20, SG-C/M20 are 0.25, 0.37 and 0.39 g/g at 25 °C, 50% RH, respectively; at 25 °C, 35% RH, the equilibrium adsorption capacities of SG-D/M20, SG-A/M20, and SG-E/M20 are 0.21,0.16, and 0.14 g/g, respectively. When the RH is 35% ~ 80%, the adsorption amount of the composite adsorbent increases with the increase of RH, and the adsorption amount of the composite adsorbent increases with the temperature increase and then decreases. At 25 °C and RH 80%, SG-B/M20 achieved maximum adsorption of 0.58 g/g. The desorption rate of the composite adsorbent is more than 98% when at 110 °C for 90 min. SG-B/M20 and SG-C/M20 have good cycling stability, and the decrease in adsorption capacity is less than 0. 03 g/g after 8 adsorption cycles. The water vapor adsorption performance of silica geZMgCl2 composite adsorbent was explored to provide data reference for the application of silica-based composite materials in the field of air-water extraction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective·To investigate the predictive value of myocardial strain in left ventricular remodeling (LVR) after acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Methods·Forty-seven patients with STEMI who were admitted to Department of Cardiology of Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University from December 2018 to December 2019 and successfully received emergency primary percutaneous coronary intervention were included. Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) was performed at the acute stage of STEMI and 1 year later. Left ventricular stroke volume(LVSV), left ventricular mass index (LVMI), global longitudinal strain (GLS), global circumferential strain (GCS) and global radial strain (GRS) were analyzed. Biochemical indexes such as peak hypersensitive serum cardiac troponin I (hs-cTnI) and peak brain natriuretic peptide precursor (proBNP) and clinical data such as age, sex, blood pressure, heart rate (HR) were collected. LVR was defined as the following 2 models. The first one was that the left ventricular end diastolic volume (LVEDV) increased by ≥20% after 1 year of STEMI compared with the baseline. The second one was that the left ventricular end systolic volume (LVESV) increased by ≥15% after 1 year of STEMI compared with the baseline. Patients with STEMI were divided into LVR group and non-LVR group according to the above two models. The differences of CMR index, biochemical index and clinical data between the two groups were compared. Logistic regression was performed and receiver operating characteristic curve was drawn. Results·In the model where LVEDV increased by ≥20% 1 year after the acute stage of STEMI, the LVR group and the non-LVR group had statistically significant differences in baseline HR (P=0.003), LVSV (P=0.034), LVMI (P=0.029), GLS (P=0.003), GCS (P=0.016) and GRS (P=0.019). Logistic regression analysis showed that baseline HR and GLS were significantly correlated with LVR ( β=-0.070, OR=0.932, P=0.043; β=-0.334, OR=0.716, P=0.031). When the cut-off value of GLS was -9.835, the sensitivity and specificity of LVR prediction were 75.0% and 71.0%, respectively. In the model where LVESV increased by ≥15% 1 year after the acute stage of STEMI, there were statistically significant differences in peak hs-cTnI (P=0.035), peak proBNP (P=0.044), LVMI (P=0.034) and GLS (P=0.010) between the LVR group and the non-LVR group. Logistic regression analysis showed that peak hs-cTnI and baseline GLS were significantly correlated with LVR ( β=-0.017, OR=0.982, P=0.024; β=-0.304, OR=0.738, P=0.041). When the cut-off value of GLS was -11.145, the sensitivity and specificity for LVR prediction were 94.1% and 50.0%, respectively. Conclusion·In patients with STEMI, baseline GLS has a good predictive value for LVR, while GCS and GRS have no significant predictive value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. To investigate the effects of β-Elemene (β-ELE) on the proliferation, apoptosis, and topoisomerase I (TOPO I) and topoisomerase IIα (TOPO IIα) expression and activity of human hepatocarcinoma HepG-2 cells. Methods. After treatment with β-ELE, morphological alterations of HepG-2 cells were observed under an inverted microscope. Cell proliferation was assessed using an MTT assay, cell cycles were analyzed using flow cytometry, and apoptosis was detected by Annexin V/PI staining. The expression of TOPO I and TOPO IIα was analyzed by Western blot techniques, and their activity was measured using the TOPO I-mediated, supercoiled pBR322 DNA relaxation and TOPO IIα-mediated Kinetoplast DNA (kDNA) decatenation assays, respectively. Supercoiled pBR322 and kDNA were also used to determine the direct effect of β-ELE on DNA breaks. Results. β-ELE significantly inhibited HepG-2 cell proliferation in a dose- and time-dependent manner. β-ELE also induced tumor cell arrest at S phase, induced cell apoptosis, and downregulated the protein expression of TOPO I and TOPO IIα in a dose-dependent manner. β-ELE also inhibited TOPO I- and TOPO IIα-mediated DNA relaxation but did not directly induce DNA breakage at any concentration. Conclusion. β-ELE could inhibit the proliferation of HepG-2 cells and interfere with the expression and activity of TOPO I and TOPO IIα. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aiming for clarifying the potential distribution characteristics of canopy rainfall partitioning of the loess area, we explored the process of rainfall partitioning across eight typical forest stands ( Pinus tabuliformis forest, Robinia pseudoacacia forest, Platycladus orientalis forest, mixed forest of Robinia pseudoacacia - Pinus tabuliformis , mixed forest of Platycladus orientalis - Robinia pseudoacacia , Quercus wutaishanica forest, Populus davidiana forest, mixed forest of Quercus wutaishanica - Populus davidiana ), and used boosted regression trees (BRT) to quantify the relative influences of stand structures and meteorological environment factors. We established multiple regression relationships according to the most influential factors extracted by BRT, and applied to the dataset of mining to verify the performance of the BRT-derived predictive model. The results showed that the percentages of throughfall (TF), stemflow (SF), and canopy interception ( I c ) in total precipitation were 24.5%-95.1%, 0-13.6%, and 0.7%-55.7% among eight typical forest stands, respectively. For the individual rainfall threshold of TF, coniferous forest (3.06±1.21 mm) was significantly higher than broad-leaved forest (1.97±0.52 mm), but there was no significant difference between coniferous forest and broad-leaved mixed forest (3.01±0.98 mm). There was no significant difference in the individual rainfall threshold of SF among different composition stands. BRT analysis showed that stand structure factors accounted for a relatively small proportion for TF and SF, respectively. By contrast, stand structure factors dominated the I c . Rainfall was the most important factor in determining TF and SF. Tree height was the most important factor in determining I c , followed by rainfall, canopy area, diameter at breast height, and stand density. Compared with the general linear function and the power function, the prediction effect of BRT prediction model constructed here on TF and SF had been further improved, and the prediction of canopy interception still needed to explore. In conclusion, the BRT model could better quantitatively evaluate the effects of stand structure and meteorological environmental factors on rainfall partitioning components, and the performance of the BRT predictive model could satisfy and lay the foundation for the optimization strategy for stand configuration.

Aiming at the low pollutant removal efficiency of constructed wetlands (CWs) at low temperature in winter, three laboratory-scale vertical-flow CWs, namely unplanted CWs, ordinary CWs, and internal-electrolysis CWs, were used to investigate the nitrogen removal efficiency of municipal secondary effluent when the water temperature was 3-12℃. Moreover, the mechanism of enhanced denitrification of the new wetland was revealed through analysis of the microbial community diversity and community structure. The results showed that the internal-electrolysis CWs could make better use of the carbon sources in the municipal secondary effluent and had a higher removal rate. The effluent TN concentration was maintained at about (9±0.29) mg·L -1 . The average TN removal rate was 42.27%, which was 17.91% and 17.33% higher than those of the unplanted CWs and ordinary CWs, respectively. The microbial activity was detected using fluorescein diacetate (FDA), and the result revealed that the microbial activity of the internal-electrolysis CWs could reach 0.224 mg·g -1 , which was 2.6 times and 3.4 times of that of the unplanted CWs and ordinary CWs, respectively. The microbial denitrification intensity of the internal-electrolysis CWs was 2.8 times and 3.3 times of that of the unplanted and ordinary CWs, respectively. The results of high-throughput sequencing showed that the microbial community diversity of the internal electrolysis CWs was higher than those of the unplanted and ordinary CWs. Denitrification microorganisms were detected, mainly Dechloromonas, Rhizobium, Hyphomicrobium , and Rhodobacter , as well as Thiobacillus , which is an autotrophic denitrifying bacterium. There were obvious advantages in the total amount of denitrifying microorganisms in the internal-electrolysis CWs, as the denitrification microorganisms accounted for 7.13% of the total microbial biomass, which was 3.8 times and 8.7 times of that of the unplanted CWs and ordinary CWs, respectively.

Aiming at the problem of high concentration of total nitrogen (TN) and low available carbon source for microorganisms in municipal secondary effluent, the vertical flow constructed wetland associated with iron-carbon internal electrolysis (ICIE-VFCW) was applied to investigate the removal efficiencies of pollutants in municipal secondary effluent. Moreover, the mechanism for enhanced nitrogen removal was primarily discussed by the applications of UV visible spectrum (UV-VIS) and gel filtration chromatography (GFC). The results showed that the ICIE-VFCW could improve the COD removal efficiencies and the effluent COD of less than 30 mg·L -1 could be stably obtained. The average COD removal efficiencies of the whole year, warm months, and cold months could be increased by 10.16%, 9.81%, 11.22%, respectively, compared to the control group. The effluent TN of the ICIE-VFCW could be maintained below 10 mg·L -1 , and the average TN removal efficiencies of the whole year, warm months and cold months could be increased by 13.72%,12.90%,16.17%, respectively. Besides, compared to the influent, the humification, aromaticity and average relative molecular weight ( M r ) in the effluent obviously decreased, and the M r decreased more significantly in the ICIE-VFCW. The ICIE-VFCW could promote the conversion of refractory organics in municipal secondary effluent to the small and readily biodegradable molecules, which could enhance the utilization of organic compounds by microorganisms, thus improving the removal efficiency of nitrogen.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy, toxicity and safety of doxorubicin combined with domestically produced docetaxel versus with taxotere, and to investigate whether these two regimens result in similar outcomes in the treatment for non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients who failed previous platinum-based chemotherapy., Methods: Eighty-eight NSCLC patients were enrolled into this clinical phase II trial. The patients randomly received either domestic docetaxel (study arm) or taxotere (control arm) at a dose of 70 mg/m2 on D2, while doxorubicin at a dose of 40 mg/m2 on D1 was administered in both groups. It was repeated every 3 weeks, totally for three cycles. No granulocyte colony-stimulating factor was used to prevent granulocytopenia. The response rate and toxicity were evaluated using World Health Organization toxicity scale and Karnofsky performance status scale., Results: Of the 88 patients, 81 were evaluable in terms of efficacy. There was no complete responder in this series. The response rate (RR) was 17.1% in the study arm versus 7.5% in the control arm, and the clinical benefit rate (CBR) was 80.5% in the study group versus 72.5% in the control group. The most frequent grade 3 or 4 toxicities were neutropenia, leucopenia and gastrointestinal symptoms. Other toxicities such as alopecia and vomiting were mild and generally well tolerated. No fluid retention was noticed., Conclusion: The administration of doxorubicin 40 mg/m2 on D1 combined with domestic docetaxel 70 mg/m2 on D2 is proved to be as effective and tolerable as with taxotere. The domestic drug docetaxel may be considered as an alternative for patients with non-small-cell lung cancer who failed previous platinum-based chemotherapy.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy, toxicity and safety of an new domestic docetaxel in the treatment of pretreated advanced breast cancer., Methods: Fourty-four breast cancer patients who had failed in first-line chemotherapy were included in this trial. They received docetaxel as the second-line chemotherapy. Docetaxel was administered alone at a dose of 70 mg/m2 every 3 weeks. The use of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor to prevent granulocytopenia was not permitted. The response rate and toxicity were evaluated by World Health Organization toxicity scale and performance status by Karnofsky scale., Results: Of the 41 evaluable patients, 4 achieved complete response and 14 partial remission, with a response rate and clinical benefit rate of 43.9% and 85.4%, respectively. Grade 3 or grade 4 neutropenia developed in 42.9%, alopecia in 7.1% and vomiting in 4.8% of these patients. Fluid retention was not observed in this series., Conclusion: Three-week administration of docetaxel alone at a dose of 70 mg/m2 is effective and tolerable. It provides an alternative for the pretreated advanced breast cancer patients.

Objective: To evaluate and compare the efficacy and safety of Nedaplatin (NDP)-based regimen and cisplatin (DDP)-based regimen for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), esophageal cancer and ovary epithelial cell carcinoma., Methods: Single agent group: NDP was administered at a dose of 100 mg/m(2) on D1, every 3 weeks for at least 2 cycles. Combination chemotherapy group: combined with 5-Fu, NVB, VDS + 5-Fu, PTX or CTX respectively, NDP 80 mg/m(2) on D1 or DDP 30 mg/m(2) on D1-3, every 3 weeks for at least 2 cycles was given., Results: Of 237 patients in this trial, 37 were treated by single Nedaplatin, 139 by NDP-based regimen, 61 by DDP-based regimen in the control group. The response rate of single Nedaplatin chemotherapy for advanced NSCLC was 10.5% (2/19), for ovary carcinoma (1/3) and HNSCC (1/1). For NSCLC and ovary carcinoma patients who had failed in the previous DDP-based chemotherapy, the response rates by single NDP chemotherapy were still 9.1% and 33.3%. The response rate of NDP-based combination regimen for NSCLC, ovary carcinoma, HNSCC and esophageal cancer was 33.9% (21/62), 44.8% (13/29), 20.0% (3/15) and 18.2% (4/22), respectively, which was not statistically different from the rate of controlled group treated by DDP-based regimen. For chemonaive NSCLC, the effect of NDP-based combination regimen (35.7%) was significantly superior to the effect of DDP-based regimen (17.1%) (P = 0.045). The most common adverse events of nedaplatin were myelosuppression (leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, anemia), nausea and vomiting. The myelosuppression and renal toxicity of NDP-based regimen were similar to that of DDP-based regimen, but vomiting was milder than that of DDP-based regimen (54% vs. 75.4%), and grade I/II liver toxicity was more common in the NDP-based regimen than in DDP-based regimen (10.8% vs. 0)., Conclusion: Nedaplatin is effective in the treatment for HNSCC, NSCLC and ovary carcinoma. Compared with the control group treated by DDP-based regimen, nedaplatin-based combination chemotherapy has similar effect on HNSCC, NSCLC, ovary carcinoma and esophageal cancer. Gastrointestinal reaction of nedaplatin is milder than that of cisplatin but the liver function during chemotherapy must be monitored closely.

Background & Objective: Bone metastases are the prevailing reason for pain in patients with malignancies, which seriously affect their life quality. Zoledronic acid, the third generation of bisphosphonates, can inhibit the activity of osteoclasts and relieve pain. This study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of zoledronic acid in treating metastatic bone pain for patients with malignancies., Methods: A multi-center, randomized, double-blind, and prospective trail was conducted. Patients with metastatic bone pain were randomized to receive zoledromic acid plus monnitol, or pamidronate plus monnitol as positive control., Results: From Oct. 2003 to Oct. 2004, 216 patients with metastatic bone pain were randomized into 2 groups: 109 in zoledromic acid group, and 107 in pamidronate group. There was no significant difference in pain intensity (PI) between zoledromic acid group and pamidronate group before treatment (6.0+/-1.1 vs. 6.0+/-1.3, P=0.938), 7 days after treatment (3.7+/-1.99 vs. 4.1+/-2.0, P=0.119), and 14 days after treatment (3.2+/-2.0 vs. 3.7+/-2.4, P=0.129). The differences in complete response (CR) rate, partial response (PR) rate, and total response rate between the 2 groups were not significant (10.4% vs. 9.5%, 69.8% vs. 69.5%, 88.7% vs. 85.7%, P>0.05). Time to CR was significantly shorter in zoledromic acid group than in pamidronate group [(7.0+/-2.2) days vs. (9.5+/-2.6) days, P=0.033]; the differences in time to PR, duration of CR, and duration of PR between the 2 groups were not significant [(4.9+/-2.6) days vs. (5.0+/-2.5) days, P=0.908; (13.2+/-1.80) days vs. (14.0+/-0.0) days, P=0.155; and (13.4+/-1.9) days vs. (12.8+/-2.8) days, P=0.127]. The main adverse events were fever, nausea, vomiting, and general malaise. The occurrence and severity of adverse events were similar between the 2 groups., Conclusion: Zoledromic acid is effective and safe in treating metastatic bone pain of patients with malignancy, which is similar to pamidranate.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of domestic Gemcitabine in the treatment of patients with stage IIIB approximately IV non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)., Methods: 124 NSCLC patients were randomized into three groups: Group A: single drug group, 40 cases, gemcitabine 1 000 mg/m(2) + NS 100 ml or 200 ml was infused within 30 approximately 60 minutes on D1, 8 and 15, with 28 days taken as one cycle. Group B: combined treatment group, 36 cases, in addition to the above protocol, cisplatin 30 mg/m(2) was infused within 60 approximately 120 min, on D1, 2 and 3. Group C: combined control group: 39 cases, the protocol applied was the same as group B except domestic gemcitabine being replaced by imported gemzar. The efficacy and side effects of treatment were evaluated after 8 weeks of treatment., Results: 115 patients could be evaluated for response rate. PR was observed in 9/40 (22.5%) of group A, 15/36 (41.6%) in group B and 15/39 (38.36%) in group C. There was no significant difference of PR rates between group B and group C (P = 0.552). 117 patients who received the second cycle of treatment were evaluated for toxicity. The incidence of grade III approximately IV nausea, vomiting and loss of appetite was much higher in group B. Hematological toxicity of groups B and C was higher than that of group A. There was no significant difference between groups B and C., Conclusion: The efficacy and incidence of side effects between domestic gemcitabine and the imported gemzar are similar.