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A retrospective analysis was made on 5 cases who had the traumatic carotid artery injury with massive epistaxis (from September 2007 to June 2011). All of them were finally diagnosed by digital substraction angiography (DSA). Among them, 2 cases of traumatic pesudoaneurysm from internal maxillary artery were embolized with polyvinyl alcohol particles and gelatin sponge. One case was carotid-cavernous fistula (CCF) with traumatic pesudoaneurysm located in the sphenoid sinus. This patient's internal carotid artery (ICA) and fistula was blocked with balloon, and then ICA was clipped proximal to the posterior communicating artery. One case with injuried ICA was treated with blocking by balloon. The pesudoaneurysm located in ICA cavernous segment of one case was embolized with coil and liquid glue. No recurrence was found after successful surgeries. Patients with massive epistaxis or recurrent epistaxis after craniofacial trauma should undergo CT angiography (CTA) or DSA examination so as to get proper diagnosis and treatment as early as possible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wetlands are important sources and sinks for N 2 O. Exploring the role of N 2 O emissions in saline-alkali wetlands has great significance in understanding the nitrification mechanism of N 2 O production and assessing the role of saline-alkali wetlands in the greenhouse effect. The present study examined the N 2 O fluxes and environmental factors of a typical Zhalong reed wetland during the growing season. The results suggested that the N 2 O fluxes tended to decrease in volatility, with the highest value in mid-July. The mean flux of N 2 O was (37.49±15.75) μg·(m 2 ·h) -1 , indicating that the typical Zhalong reed wetland was a source of N 2 O. The N 2 O fluxes exhibited a significantly positive correlation with soil temperature at different depths ( P <0.05), and the impact of the upper soil temperature on N 2 O flux was higher than that of deep soil. In the flooding period, the relationship between N 2 O fluxes and water table depth was negatively correlated ( P <0.05). Meanwhile, the TOC and TN contents were lower, and the N 2 O flux was significantly positively correlated with the NH 4 + -N content in the 0-40 cm soil layer ( P <0.05), but it was not related to NO 3 - -N content. Nitrification was stronger than denitrification. There was a significant positive correlation between ammonia-oxidizing bacterial activity and soil temperature in 0-20 cm layer ( P <0.01). Additionally, the activity of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria also presented significantly positive linear correlation with the N 2 O fluxes ( P <0.001), which indicated that the release of N 2 O in saline-alkali wetlands was greatly affected by nitrification.

The artificial bee colony (ABC) algorithm is a relatively new optimization technique which has been shown to be competitive to other population-based algorithms. However, ABC has an insufficiency regarding its solution search equation, which is good at exploration but poor at exploitation. To address this concerning issue, we first propose an improved ABC method called as CABC where a modified search equation is applied to generate a candidate solution to improve the search ability of ABC. Furthermore, we use the orthogonal experimental design (OED) to form an orthogonal learning (OL) strategy for variant ABCs to discover more useful information from the search experiences. Owing to OED's good character of sampling a small number of well representative combinations for testing, the OL strategy can construct a more promising and efficient candidate solution. In this paper, the OL strategy is applied to three versions of ABC, i.e., the standard ABC, global-best-guided ABC (GABC), and CABC, which yields OABC, OGABC, and OCABC, respectively. The experimental results on a set of 22 benchmark functions demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of the modified search equation and the OL strategy. The comparisons with some other ABCs and several state-of-the-art algorithms show that the proposed algorithms significantly improve the performance of ABC. Moreover, OCABC offers the highest solution quality, fastest global convergence, and strongest robustness among all the contenders on almost all the test functions.

Objective: To evaluate the predicators of survival and recurrence after curative resection for gastric cancer patients with serosal invasion., Methods: Clinical and follow-up data of 280 patients with T4a gastric cancer(according to the 7th UICC TNM Classification for gastric cancer) who underwent curative resection for gastric cancer between January 1997 and December 2003 were analyzed retrospectively., Results: Five-year survival rate of these 280 patients was 50.0% and 158 patients (56.4%) presented with recurrence after surgery. The 3-year disease-free survival rate was 57.5%. The number of lymph node metastasis and metastatic lymph node ratio(MLR) were identified as the independent predicators for overall survival(P<0.05). The extent of lymph node metastasis was identified as the independent predicators for disease free survival (P<0.05). The extent of lymph node metastasis, the number of lymph node metastasis, and MLR were identified as the independent predicators for recurrence after surgery(P<0.05)., Conclusions: The number of lymph node metastases, extent of lymph node metastasis and MLR are independent predictors of overall survival and recurrence in T4a gastric cancer patients after curative resection.