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2. Bullying Victimization and Depression among Left-Behind Adolescents in Rural China: Roles of Hopelessness and Grit

Author

Gao, Shuling, Chan, Ko Ling, Chen, Shimin, and Zhong, Hua

Abstract

Left-behind children are children under 18 years old who live in their rural hometowns and are cared for by grandparents or other relatives for more than 6 months when their parents migrate from rural to urban areas for work. Left-behind adolescents are more likely to experience bullying victimization, which may lead to internalizing problem behaviors. Existing research showed that bullying victimization is related to left-behind adolescents' depression, but the mediating and moderating mechanisms that underlie this association are unclear. This study investigated the mediating effect of hopelessness and the moderating role of grit in the association between bullying victimization and left-behind adolescents' depression. A sample of 476 adolescents (mean age = 14.49, SD = 1.04) from two middle schools in a rural area of China anonymously completed the Children's Depression Inventory, the Revised Olweus Bully/Victim Questionnaire, the Hopelessness Scale for Children, the Grit-S, and a demographic information questionnaire. After controlling for gender and age, bullying victimization was significantly and positively related to left-behind adolescents' depression. The mediation analysis showed that the positive association between bullying victimization and left-behind adolescents' depression was mediated by hopelessness. Furthermore, the moderation analysis indicated that grit moderated the association between bullying victimization and left-behind adolescents' depression. The current study explains how and to whom bullying victimization is related to left-behind adolescents' depression. This study informs that prevention and intervention of depression among left-behind adolescents would be effective if efforts target bullying victimization, hopelessness, and personal grit.

Published
2023
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34. Intimate Partner Violence Against Women Before, During, and After Pregnancy: A Meta-Analysis.

Author

Chen, Xiao-Yan, Lo, Camilla Kin Ming, Chen, Qiqi, Gao, Shuling, Ho, Frederick K., Brownridge, Douglas Austin, Leung, Wing Cheong, Ip, Patrick, and Ling Chan, Ko

Subjects
PREGNANCY, RISK assessment, MIDDLE-income countries, INTIMATE partner violence, PSYCHOLOGY of abused women, VIOLENCE, RESEARCH funding, PUERPERIUM, PREGNANT women, META-analysis, DISEASE prevalence, DESCRIPTIVE statistics, PSYCHOLOGICAL adaptation, SYSTEMATIC reviews, MEDLINE, PRECONCEPTION care, PREGNANCY complications, ONLINE information services, SOCIAL support, QUALITY assurance, PSYCHOLOGY information storage & retrieval systems, CHILDBIRTH, LOW-income countries, DISEASE risk factors
Abstract

Intimate partner violence (IPV) against pregnant women negatively impacts women's and infants' health. Yet inconsistent results have been found regarding whether pregnancy increases or decreases the risk of IPV. To answer this question, we systematically searched for studies that provided data on IPV against women before pregnancy, during pregnancy, and after childbirth. Nineteen studies met our selection criteria. We meta-analyzed the nineteen studies for the pooled prevalence of IPV across the three periods and examined study characteristics that moderate the prevalence. Results showed the pooled prevalence estimates of IPV were 21.2% before pregnancy, 12.8% during pregnancy and 14.7% after childbirth. Although these findings suggest a reduction in IPV during pregnancy, our closer evaluation of the prevalence of IPV after childbirth revealed that the reduction does not appear to persist. The prevalence of IPV increased from 12.8% within the first year after childbirth to 24.0% beyond the first year. Taken together, we should not assume pregnancy protects women from IPV, as IPV tends to persist across a longer-term period. Future studies are needed to investigate if IPV transits into other less obvious types of violence during pregnancy. Moderator analyses showed the prevalence estimates significantly varied across countries by income levels and regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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