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20. Highly Conductive, Anti-Freezing Hemicellulose-Based Hydrogels Prepared via Deep Eutectic Solvents and Their Applications.

Author

Hu, Lisong, Gao, Shishuai, Zhao, Lihui, Dai, Lili, Zhang, Daihui, Wang, Chunpeng, Fang, Xuezhi, and Chu, Fuxiang

Subjects
HEMICELLULOSE, HYDROGELS, EUTECTICS, ELECTRIC conductivity, IMIDAZOLES
Abstract

Hydrogels containing renewable resources, such as hemicellulose, have received a lot of attention owing to their softness and electrical conductivity which could be applied in soft devices and wearable equipment. However, traditional hemicellulose-based hydrogels generally exhibit poor electrical conductivity and suffer from freezing at lower temperatures owing to the presence of a lot of water. In this study, we dissolved hemicellulose by employing deep eutectic solvents (DESs), which were prepared by mixing choline chloride and imidazole. In addition, hemicellulose-based DES hydrogels were fabricated via photo-initiated reactions of acrylamide and hemicellulose with N, N′-Methylenebisacrylamide as a crosslinking agent. The produced hydrogels demonstrated high electrical conductivity and anti-freezing properties. The conductivity of the hydrogels was 2.13 S/m at room temperature and 1.97 S/m at −29 °C. The hydrogel's freezing point was measured by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) to be −47.78 °C. Furthermore, the hemicellulose-based DES hydrogels can function as a dependable and sensitive strain sensor for monitoring a variety of human activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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21. A facile strategy to fabricate a lignin-based thermoset alternative to formaldehyde-based wood adhesives.

Author

Shi, Xiaoyu, Gao, Shishuai, Jin, Can, Zhang, Daihui, Lai, Chenhuan, Wang, Chunpeng, Chu, Fuxiang, Ragauskas, Arthur J., and Li, Mi

Subjects
*WOOD, *WOOD flour, *ADHESIVES, *PROPYLENE glycols, *WOOD products, *LIGNINS, *LIGNIN structure, *PARTICLE board
Abstract

The utilization of sustainable lignin to synthesize wood adhesives has attracted increasing attention in recent years. However, the facile fabrication of strong and environmentally friendly lignin-based adhesives with a high lignin content remains a significant challenge. In this study, we developed a formaldehyde-free wood adhesive system by combining alkali lignin and poly(propylene glycol) bis(2-aminopropyl ether). The process of producing lignin-based adhesives involves a simple mixing of wood flour, lignin, and a commercially available crosslinker (polyetherimide), followed by direct hot-pressing into particleboards. The lignin-based adhesive showed a high biomass content of 75 wt% (crosslinker accounting for 25 wt%) and the internal bonding strength of the formaldehyde-free and non-toxic particleboards was 1.42 MPa, outperforming many other bio-based adhesives. The study demonstrates a new and facile strategy to synthesize a lignin-based thermoset that is readily and practically applicable as an adhesive to fabricate high-performance, high lignin content, and formaldehyde-free wood products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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23. Facile Strategy to In SituSynthesize Gallic Acid-Modified Lignin and Its Utilization for Fabricating Conductive and Self-Adhesive Hydrogels as Strain Sensors

Author

Shi, Xiaoyu, Wang, Kai, Gao, Shishuai, Zhang, Daihui, Lai, Chenhuan, Jin, Can, Li, Mi, Wang, Chunpeng, Yong, Qiang, and Chu, Fuxiang

Abstract

As lignin is one of the most abundant renewable resources, utilization to fabricate functional hydrogels has gained increasing attention. However, the heterogeneous structure and the few available functional groups of lignin limited its applications. Herein, we presented a simple strategy to synthesize gallic acid (GA)-modified lignin as a key component to prepare conductive hydrogels. The addition of GA during the organic solvent pretreatment of poplar changed the structure of lignin and increased the total content of phenolic hydroxyl groups from 3.20 to 3.89 mmol/g (EOL-G30). Moreover, the enzymatic hydrolysis of pretreated poplar was enhanced from 49.1 to 55.2% (OP-G30) at a low enzyme loading of 5 FPU/g. When using GA-modified lignin to prepare hydrogels, the resulting hydrogel exhibited excellent self-adhesion to various substrates and demonstrated effective free radical scavenging capabilities. When incorporating sodium chloride (NaCl) as conductive ions, the hydrogels exhibit reliable strain-sensing capability. Moreover, they also displayed robust functionality in a low-temperature environment (−20 °C). This study has presented valuable insights to realize in situmodification of lignin and fabricate lignin-based functional materials, offering new perspectives for the biorefinery industry.

Published
2023
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26. Structures, Properties and Potential Applications of Corncob Residue Modified by Carboxymethylation

Author

Gao Shishuai, Chunpeng Wang, Fuxiang Chu, Daihui Zhang, Yupeng Liu, and Feng Xu

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, adhesive, Materials science, Polymers and Plastics, Formaldehyde, Infrared spectroscopy, 02 engineering and technology, Corncob, 01 natural sciences, Article, lcsh:QD241-441, symbols.namesake, Residue (chemistry), chemistry.chemical_compound, natural fibers, lcsh:Organic chemistry, 010608 biotechnology, Thermal stability, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, carboxymethylation, biocomposites, technology, industry, and agriculture, food and beverages, General Chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Chemical engineering, chemistry, symbols, Adhesive, 0210 nano-technology, Raman spectroscopy
Abstract

In this study, corncob residue (CR) valorization was simply and efficiently realized via carboxymethylation, and its enhanced performance as fillers in urea-formaldehyde (UF) resin was investigated. The structures of corncob residue and carboxymethylated derivative were analyzed by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and Raman techniques, respectively. The thermal stability, morphology, viscosity control, and adhesive strength were then investigated to evaluate its performance as fillers in UF resin composite. Similar to commercial flour, carboxymethylated CR could effectively disperse in UF resin. It also exhibited a better initial viscosity control between 30 and 50 &deg, C. The adhesive test analysis showed that the shear strength of resin with carboxymethylated CR addition could reach 1.04 MPa, which was comparable to flour (0.99 MPa) and significantly higher than raw CR (0.45 MPa). Moreover, a low formaldehyde emission was observed.

Published
2020

27. Unexpected role of amphiphilic lignosulfonate to improve the storage stability of urea formaldehyde resin and its application as adhesives

Author

Feng Xu, Gao Shishuai, Daihui Zhang, Chunpeng Wang, Fuxiang Chu, Xi Zhou, Jifu Wang, Zenghui Cheng, Riqing Chen, and Yupeng Liu

Subjects
Formaldehyde, 02 engineering and technology, Biochemistry, Lignin, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Structural Biology, Adhesives, Zeta potential, Urea, Thermal stability, Molecular Biology, 030304 developmental biology, chemistry.chemical_classification, 0303 health sciences, Chemistry, Urea-formaldehyde, technology, industry, and agriculture, General Medicine, Polymer, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Chemical engineering, Adhesive, 0210 nano-technology, Stabilizer (chemistry)
Abstract

As the second-largest natural polymer, the utilization of lignin for practical applications has attracted increasing attention. In this study, lignosulfonate was employed to enhance the storage stability of urea formaldehyde (UF) resins. Cryo-scanning electron microscopy was firstly used to observe the influence of lignosulfonate addition on the colloidal morphology of UF resin. Moreover, adding lignosulfonate at different stages during the UF resins synthesis was also investigated to reveal its effect on storage stability. The potential interaction between lignosulfonate and UF resins was then analyzed via FT-IR, 13C CPMAS NMR, and zeta potential. It has been observed that lignosulfonate could increase the electrostatic repulsion of UF resins to avoid aging. No chemical reaction between UF resins and lignosulfonate was observed. After the elucidation of potential interaction, the effect of lignosulfonate on the curing process, thermal stability and adhesive performance of UF resins was systematically evaluated. Finally, as adhesives to fabricate eucalyptus plywood, the shear strength and formaldehyde release of UF resins with 20% addition of lignosulfonate could reach 0.88 MPa and 0.12 mg/L, respectively. Due to the excellent performance, low cost and wide availability of lignosulfonate, it might be industrially used as a stabilizer in the UF resins production.

Published
2020

30. Synthesis of Lignin-Based Polyacid Catalyst and Its Utilization to Improve Water Resistance of Urea–formaldehyde Resins

Author

Yupeng Liu, Gao Shishuai, Feng Xu, Fuxiang Chu, Chunpeng Wang, and Daihui Zhang

Subjects
adhesive, Polymers and Plastics, Urea-formaldehyde, technology, industry, and agriculture, Formaldehyde, lignin, Maleic anhydride, macromolecular substances, General Chemistry, complex mixtures, Article, Catalysis, lcsh:QD241-441, urea–formaldehyde resin, chemistry.chemical_compound, Adsorption, lcsh:Organic chemistry, chemistry, Lignin, Organic chemistry, Adhesive, Guaiacol, catalyst
Abstract

In this study, a lignin-based polyacid catalyst was synthesized via two steps to enhance water resistance of urea&ndash, formaldehyde (UF) resins. The first steps involved a hydroxymethylation reaction to increase the hydroxyl content in lignin. Then, hydroxymethylated lignins were reacted with maleic anhydride to form maleated lignin-based polyacids. The acid groups were expected to function as acid catalysts to catalyze the curing process of UF resin. In order to elucidate the structural variation, 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylpropane as a typical guaiacol lignin structural unit was used as a model compound to observe the hydroxymethylation and the reaction with maleic anhydride analyzed by 1H and 13C NMR. After the structural analysis of synthesized lignin-based polyacid by FTIR and 13C NMR, it was used to produce UF resin as an adhesive in plywood and medium density fiberboard (MDF) production, respectively. The results showed that when the addition of lignin-based polyacid was 5% in plywood, it could effectively improve the water resistance of UF resins as compared to commercial additive NH4Cl. It also exhibited a lower formaldehyde emission. Like plywood, lignin-based catalysts used in medium density fiberboard production could not only maintain the mechanical properties, but also inhibit the water adsorption of fiberboards.

Published
2020
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